A convertible track ballast hopper car

Abstract

The present invention discloses a replaceable-rail ballast hopper car, which comprises a car body and an underframe. The car body is arranged on the underframe. An upper side bearing and a center plate are arranged on one side of the underframe away from the car body. The center plate is used for connecting a bogie, and one end of the upper side bearing away from the underframe is used for abutting against the bogie; the upper side bearing comprises a standard-gauge upper side bearing body, a narrow-gauge upper side bearing body, an adjusting shim and a wearing plate; the underframe further comprises a lower cover plate of a bolster for bearing the car body. One end of the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is fixed on the lower cover plate of the bolster, and the other end is provided with the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body and is also fixed below the lower cover plate of the bolster; the adjusting shim is fixed below the standard-gauge upper side bearing body. The adjusting shim is used for adjusting the heights of the standard-gauge upper side bearing body and the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body. A wearing plate is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting shim, and the wearing plate abuts against the bogie; when running on standard gauge, the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is added and the standard-gauge bogie is replaced; when running on narrow gauge, the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is removed, the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body is retained and the narrow-gauge bogie is replaced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rail transit, and particularly to a ballast hopper car with replaceable tracks. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are various structural forms of ballast hopper cars running on railways at home and abroad. Different models with different load capacities, unloading methods, and track gauges have emerged to meet the working conditions requirements in specific environments. Classified according to railway track gauges: there are narrow-gauge ballast hopper cars suitable for a track gauge of 1067 mm, standard-gauge ballast hopper cars suitable for a track gauge of 1435 mm, and broad-gauge ballast hopper cars suitable for a track gauge of 1520 mm, etc. The specific track gauge requires that this type of vehicle can only run on specific lines, with great limitations and a small application range. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a ballast hopper car that can perform track-changing operations and be applicable to both narrow-gauge and standard-gauge tracks simultaneously, thereby improving its application value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is, in view of the above problems, to provide a ballast hopper car with replaceable tracks. If standard-gauge operation is required, a standard-gauge upper side bearing body is added and the standard-gauge bogie is replaced. If narrow-gauge operation is required, the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is removed, only the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body is retained, and the narrow-gauge bogie is replaced. The replacement is very convenient, and it has the effect of cost savings compared with the existing replacement of the entire railway freight car, and can complete simple track-changing and be applicable to both narrow-gauge and standard-gauge tracks simultaneously.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A ballast hopper car with replaceable tracks includes a car body and an underframe. The car body is arranged on the underframe. An upper side bearing and a center plate are arranged on one side of the underframe away from the car body. The center plate is used to connect the bogie, and one end of the upper side bearing away from the underframe is used to abut against the bogie; the upper side bearing includes a standard-gauge upper side bearing body, a narrow-gauge upper side bearing body, an adjustment shim, and a wear plate; the underframe further includes a lower cover plate of the bolster for receiving the car body. One end of the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is fixed on the lower cover plate of the bolster, and the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body is arranged at the other end and is also fixed below the lower cover plate of the bolster; the adjustment shim is fixed below the standard-gauge upper side bearing body, and the adjustment shim is used to adjust the heights of the standard-gauge upper side bearing body and the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body. The wear plate is arranged at the bottom of the adjustment shim, and the wear plate abuts against the bogie. If standard-gauge operation is required, a standard-gauge upper side bearing body is added and the standard-gauge bogie is replaced. If narrow-gauge operation is required, the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is removed, only the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body is retained, and the narrow-gauge bogie is replaced. The replacement is very convenient, and it has the effect of cost savings compared with the existing replacement of the entire railway freight car, and can complete simple track-changing and be applicable to both narrow-gauge and standard-gauge tracks simultaneously.

[0005] Preferably, the vehicle body includes a hopper, side walls 3 and end walls. The side walls 3 and the end walls enclose a loading cavity. An observation hole for observing the interior of the loading cavity is provided on the side wall. A hopper for unloading is provided at the bottom of the loading cavity. The hopper includes a dovetail-shaped hopper opening. An inlet channel for connecting to the vehicle body is provided at the top of the hopper opening. A first discharge channel and a second discharge channel are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom of the hopper opening. The first discharge channel gradually descends along the discharge direction. A first discharge port is provided on the side of the first discharge channel away from the inlet channel. The first discharge port is arc-shaped. A first swing bottom door for closing the first discharge port is further included. A first oil cylinder for pushing the first swing bottom door to swing is provided on the outer wall of the hopper opening. During unloading, the first swing bottom door rotates, and then the first discharge port communicates with the outside to achieve unloading. The rotation of the first swing bottom door does not occupy the space below the vehicle body.

[0006] Preferably, the number of the hoppers is 4, and the 4 hoppers are arranged in a rectangle. In actual situations, 2 hopper openings are provided above each of the two tracks. Therefore, there are actually 4 hopper openings and 8 bottom doors. 4 bottom doors face the outside of the track, and 4 bottom doors face the inside of the track for unloading simultaneously or separately. The unloading speed is faster and the unloading is more flexible.

[0007] Preferably, on the front and rear ends of the end wall along the traveling direction of the hopper car, an anti-impact device is provided at each end. The anti-impact device is a tower-shaped three-dimensional structure made of all-steel welding. It is simple to manufacture and has a low production cost. Through kinetic analysis, this device can disperse the longitudinal impact force of the vehicle body, greatly improving the anti-impact ability of the vehicle body. It plays an effect of "using a little effort to achieve great results" in the vehicle body structure design.

[0008] Preferably, the vehicle body further includes a chassis for carrying the hopper, side walls and end walls. A load-bearing middle beam is provided on the chassis. The load-bearing middle beam is in a dumbbell-shaped structure, and the diameters at both ends of the load-bearing middle beam are larger than the diameter in the middle. According to the equal-strength theory, the dumbbell-shaped load-bearing middle beam can achieve lightweight design while bearing normal loads.

[0009] Preferably, a lengthening plate is further included. A fixing position is provided on the side of the first discharge channel away from the inlet channel for fixing the lengthening plate. The rail replacement operation can be completed through three steps: adjusting the upper side bearing, disassembling and installing the lengthening plate, and replacing the bogie. The operation is very convenient.

[0010] Preferably, the first swing bottom door includes an arc-shaped baffle, two end plates, and two rotating shafts. The rotating shafts are arranged on two side walls of the funnel opening. The end plates and the rotating shafts are in the same plane. Two ends of the arc-shaped baffle are respectively connected to the end plates on the two planes. When the first oil cylinder extends, it pushes the end plate to rotate around the rotating shaft, and then drives the arc-shaped baffle to rotate upward, so that the first discharge port communicates with the outside world to realize unloading. After unloading, the first cylinder contracts, drives the end plate to rotate in the reverse direction, and then drives the arc-shaped baffle to rotate downward, thereby closing the first discharge port.

[0011] Preferably, the standard gauge upper side bearing body includes a first fixing plate, a first support plate, and a second fixing plate that are connected in sequence. The first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively fixed on the lower cover plate of the bolster. A narrow gauge upper side bearing body is fixed between the second fixing plate and the lower cover plate of the bolster.

[0012] Preferably, the first fixing plate and the lower cover plate of the bolster are connected by bolts. A stud is arranged on the second fixing plate. A first screw hole is arranged on the narrow gauge upper side bearing body. A second screw hole is arranged on the lower cover plate of the bolster. The stud passes through the first screw hole and the second screw hole in sequence, and a nut is screwed onto the stud to fix the narrow gauge upper side bearing body on the lower cover plate of the bolster. The bolts are convenient for disassembly and replacement, and at the same time fix the standard gauge upper side bearing body and the narrow gauge upper side bearing body, improving the stability of the overall structure.

[0013] Preferably, the narrow gauge upper side bearing body includes a third fixing plate and a second support plate. The first screw hole is arranged on the third fixing plate. One end of the third fixing plate is connected to the second support plate, and the other end is used to abut against the lower cover plate of the bolster. One end of the second support plate away from the third fixing plate also abuts against the lower cover plate of the bolster.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: A convertible-rail ballast hopper car of the present invention includes a car body and an underframe. The car body is arranged on the underframe. An upper side bearing and a center plate are arranged on one side of the underframe away from the car body. The center plate is used to connect the bogie, and one end of the upper side bearing away from the underframe is used to abut against the bogie; the upper side bearing includes a standard-gauge upper side bearing body, a narrow-gauge upper side bearing body, an adjusting shim and a wear plate; the underframe also includes a lower cover plate of the bolster for bearing the car body. One end of the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is fixed on the lower cover plate of the bolster, and the other end is provided with a narrow-gauge upper side bearing body and is also fixed below the lower cover plate of the bolster; the adjusting shim is fixed below the standard-gauge upper side bearing body. The adjusting shim is used to adjust the height of the standard-gauge upper side bearing body and the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body. A wear plate is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting shim, and the wear plate abuts against the bogie. If standard-gauge operation is required, the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is added and the standard-gauge bogie is replaced. If narrow-gauge operation is required, the standard-gauge upper side bearing body is removed, only the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body is retained, and the narrow-gauge bogie is replaced. The replacement is very convenient. Compared with the existing replacement of the entire railway freight car, it has the effect of cost saving, can complete simple rail conversion and is applicable to both narrow-gauge and standard-gauge. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is the three-dimensional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is the enlarged view of the partial A of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 is the structure diagram of the center sill of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 is the structure diagram of the standard-gauge upper side bearing body of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 is the structure diagram of the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 is the structure diagram of the hopper of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 is the structure diagram of the anti-impact device of the present invention.

[0022] Main element symbol description: 1. Upper side bearing; 2. Hopper; 3. Side wall; 4. Underframe; 5. Bogie; 6. Anti-impact device; 11. Lower cover plate of the bolster; 12. Standard-gauge upper side bearing body; 13. Narrow-gauge upper side bearing body; 14. Adjusting shim; 15. Wear plate; 21. Feeding channel; 22. First discharging channel; 23. First swing bottom door; 24. First oil cylinder; 41. Load-bearing center sill; 121. Stud; 122. Nut; 131. Second support plate; 132. Third fixing plate. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 , the convertible gauge ballast hopper car of this embodiment includes a car body and an underframe. The car body is arranged on the underframe. One side of the underframe away from the car body is provided with an upper side bearing 1 and a center plate. The center plate is used to connect the bogie 5, and one end of the upper side bearing 1 away from the underframe is used to abut against the bogie 5; the upper side bearing 1 includes a standard gauge upper side bearing body 12, a narrow gauge upper side bearing body 13, an adjusting shim 14 and a wear plate 15; the underframe also includes a lower cover plate of the bolster for receiving the car body. One end of the standard gauge upper side bearing body 12 is fixed on the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster, and the other end is provided with a narrow gauge upper side bearing body 13 and is fixed below the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster; the adjusting shim 14 is fixed below the standard gauge upper side bearing body 12. The adjusting shim 14 is used to adjust the heights of the standard gauge upper side bearing body 12 and the narrow gauge upper side bearing body 13. A wear plate 15 is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting shim 14, and the wear plate 15 abuts against the bogie 5. If standard gauge operation is required, the standard gauge upper side bearing body 12 is added to the underframe and the standard gauge bogie 5 is replaced. If narrow gauge operation is required, the standard gauge upper side bearing body 12 is removed, and only the narrow gauge upper side bearing body 13 is retained on the underframe and the narrow gauge bogie 5 is replaced. The replacement is very convenient. Compared with the existing replacement of the entire railway freight car, it has the effect of cost saving, can complete simple gauge conversion and is applicable to both narrow gauge and standard gauge.

[0025] Embodiment 2: Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6, the vehicle body of this embodiment includes a hopper 2, side walls 3 and end walls. The side walls 3 and the end walls enclose to form a loading cavity. An observation hole for observing the inside of the loading cavity is provided on the side wall 3. A hopper 2 for unloading is provided at the bottom of the loading cavity. The hopper 2 includes a dovetail-shaped hopper opening. A feeding channel 21 for connecting the vehicle body is provided at the top of the hopper opening. First discharge channels 22 and second discharge channels are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom of the hopper opening; the first discharge channel 22 gradually descends along the discharge direction. A first discharge port is provided on the side of the first discharge channel 22 away from the feeding channel 21. The first discharge port is in an arc shape. It also includes a first swing bottom door 23 for closing the first discharge port. A first oil cylinder 24 for pushing the first swing bottom door 23 to swing is provided on the outer wall of the hopper opening. When unloading, the first swing bottom door 23 rotates and then the first discharge port communicates with the outside to achieve unloading. The rotation of the first swing bottom door 23 does not occupy the space under the vehicle body. The number of hoppers 2 in this embodiment is 4, and the 4 hoppers 2 are arranged in a rectangle. In actual situations, 2 hopper openings will be provided above both tracks. Therefore, there will actually be 4 hopper openings and 8 bottom doors. 4 face the outside of the track and 4 face the inside of the track to unload simultaneously or separately, with a faster unloading speed and more flexible unloading. The observation hole can observe the loading volume inside the vehicle body and is also a load position mark under the load limit condition to achieve the purpose of load limit.

[0026] Embodiment 3: Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 In the direction of travel of the hopper 2 vehicle of this embodiment, an impact resistance device 6 is provided at each of the front and rear ends of the end wall. The impact resistance device 6 is a tower-shaped three-dimensional structure welded entirely with steel. It is simple to manufacture and has a low production cost. Through kinetic analysis, this device can disperse the longitudinal impact force of the vehicle body, greatly improving the impact resistance ability of the vehicle body. It plays an effect of "using a little effort to achieve great results" in the vehicle body structure design. The vehicle body of this embodiment also includes a chassis 4. The chassis 4 is used to carry the hopper, side walls 3 and end walls. A load-bearing middle beam 41 is provided on the chassis 4. The load-bearing middle beam 41 is in a dumbbell shape. The diameters at both ends of the load-bearing middle beam 41 are larger than the diameter in the middle. According to the equal strength theory, the dumbbell-shaped load-bearing middle beam 41 can achieve a lightweight design while bearing normal loads. This embodiment also includes an extension plate. A fixed position is provided on the side of the first discharge channel 22 away from the feeding channel 21. The fixed position is used to fix the extension plate. The rail replacement operation can be completed through three steps: adjusting the upper side bearing 1, disassembling and assembling the extension plate, and replacing the bogie 5. The operation is very convenient.

[0027] Embodiment 4: Please refer to Figure 6, the first swing bottom door 23 of this embodiment includes an arc shielding plate, two end plates and two rotating shafts. The rotating shafts are arranged on the two side walls of the funnel opening. The end plates and the rotating shafts are in the same plane. The two ends of the arc shielding plate are respectively connected to the end plates on the two planes. When the first oil cylinder 24 extends, it pushes the end plate to rotate around the rotating shaft, and then drives the arc shielding plate to rotate upward, so that the first discharge port communicates with the outside world to realize unloading. After unloading, the first cylinder contracts, drives the end plate to rotate in the reverse direction, and then drives the arc shielding plate to rotate downward, thus closing the first discharge port. The quasi-gauge upper side bearing body 12 of this embodiment includes a first fixing plate, a first supporting plate and a second fixing plate connected in sequence. The first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively fixed on the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster. A narrow-gauge upper side bearing body 13 is fixed between the second fixing plate and the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster.

[0028] Embodiment 5: Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the first fixing plate of this embodiment and the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster are connected by bolts. A stud 121 is arranged on the second fixing plate. A first screw hole is arranged on the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body 13. A second screw hole is arranged on the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster. The stud 121 passes through the first screw hole and the second screw hole in sequence. By screwing the nut 122 into the stud 121, the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body 13 is fixed on the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster. The bolts are convenient for disassembly and replacement, and at the same time fix the quasi-gauge upper side bearing body 12 and the narrow-gauge upper side bearing body 13, improving the stability of the overall structure. The narrow-gauge upper side bearing body 13 of this embodiment includes a third fixing plate 132 and a second supporting plate 131. The first screw hole is arranged on the third fixing plate 132. One end of the third fixing plate 132 is connected to the second supporting plate 131, and the other end is used to abut against the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster. The end of the second supporting plate 131 away from the third fixing plate 132 also abuts against the lower cover plate 11 of the bolster.

[0029] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A replaceable-track ballast hopper car, characterized in that, It includes a car body and a underframe (4), the car body is arranged on the underframe (4), an upper side bearing (1) and a center plate are arranged on one side of the underframe (4) away from the car body, the center plate is used for connecting a bogie (5), and one end of the upper side bearing (1) away from the underframe (4) is used for abutting against the bogie (5); the upper side bearing (1) includes a standard gauge upper side bearing body, a narrow gauge upper side bearing body, an adjusting shim (14) and a wear plate (15); the underframe (4) further includes a bolster lower cover plate (11) for receiving the car body, one end of the standard gauge upper side bearing body is fixed on the bolster lower cover plate (11), and the narrow gauge upper side bearing body is arranged at the other end and is also fixed below the bolster lower cover plate (11); the adjusting shim (14) is fixed below the standard gauge upper side bearing body, the adjusting shim (14) is used for adjusting the heights of the standard gauge upper side bearing body and the narrow gauge upper side bearing body, the wear plate (15) is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting shim (14), and the wear plate (15) abuts against the bogie (5); the standard gauge upper side bearing body includes a first fixing plate, a first supporting plate and a second fixing plate which are connected in sequence, the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively fixed on the bolster lower cover plate (11), and the narrow gauge upper side bearing body is fixed between the second fixing plate and the bolster lower cover plate (11); the first fixing plate and the bolster lower cover plate (11) are connected by bolts, a stud (121) is arranged on the second fixing plate, a first screw hole is arranged on the narrow gauge upper side bearing body, a second screw hole is arranged on the bolster lower cover plate (11), the stud (121) sequentially passes through the first screw hole and the second screw hole, and the narrow gauge upper side bearing body is fixed on the bolster lower cover plate (11) by screwing a nut (122) into the stud (121); the narrow gauge upper side bearing (1) body includes a third fixing plate (132) and a second supporting plate (131), the first screw hole is arranged on the third fixing plate (132), one end of the third fixing plate (132) is connected to the second supporting plate (131), the other end is used for abutting against the bolster lower cover plate (11), and one end of the second supporting plate (131) away from the third fixing plate (132) also abuts against the bolster lower cover plate (11); the car body further includes a hopper (2), side walls (3) and end walls, and the side walls (3) and the end walls enclose a loading cavity.

2. The convertible-track ballast hopper car according to claim 1, wherein, An observation hole for observing the interior of the loading cavity is provided on the side wall (3). A funnel (2) for unloading is provided at the bottom of the loading cavity. The funnel (2) includes a dovetail-shaped funnel (2) opening. An inlet channel (21) for connecting to the vehicle body is provided at the top of the funnel (2) opening. A first discharge channel (22) and a second discharge channel are symmetrically provided on both sides at the bottom of the funnel (2) opening. The first discharge channel (22) gradually descends along the discharge direction. A first discharge port is provided on the side of the first discharge channel (22) away from the inlet channel (21). The first discharge port is in an arc shape. A first swing bottom door (23) for closing the first discharge port is further included. A first oil cylinder (24) for pushing the first swing bottom door (23) to swing is provided on the outer wall of the funnel (2) opening.

3. The convertible-rail ballast hopper car according to claim 2, wherein, The number of the funnels (2) is 4, and the 4 funnels (2) are arranged in a rectangle.

4. The replaceable-rail ballast hopper car according to claim 2, wherein, On the front and rear ends of the end wall along the traveling direction of the funnel (2) vehicle, an impact-resistant device (6) is provided at each end. The impact-resistant device (6) is a tower-shaped three-dimensional structure welded entirely with steel.

5. The convertible-track ballast hopper car according to claim 2, wherein, The vehicle body further includes a chassis (4). The chassis (4) is used to carry the funnel (2), the side wall (3) and the end wall. A load-bearing central beam (41) is provided on the chassis (4). The load-bearing central beam (41) is in a dumbbell-shaped structure, and the diameters at both ends of the load-bearing central beam (41) are larger than the diameter in the middle.

6. The replaceable-rail ballast hopper car according to claim 2, wherein The vehicle body further includes an extension plate. A fixed position is provided on the side of the first discharge channel (22) away from the inlet channel (21). The fixed position is used to fix the extension plate.

7. The convertible-rail ballast hopper car according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first swing bottom door (23) includes an arc-shaped shielding plate, two end plates and two rotating shafts. The rotating shafts are provided on both side walls of the funnel (2) opening. The end plates and the rotating shafts are in the same plane. The two ends of the arc-shaped shielding plate are respectively connected to the end plates on the two planes.

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