The invention discloses a driving gauge-changing device and method of a gauge-changeable bogie. The driving gauge-changing device is composed of a sliding block assembly, an upper shaft box shell, a lower shaft box shell, a first shaft box end cover, a second shaft box end cover, a third shaft box end cover, a bearing boot, a lock head, a locking mechanism cover, a diaphragm type pressure sensor,a pull wire type displacement sensor, a lock head in-position switch, a data processing module, a controller, a first transverse hydraulic cylinder, a second transverse hydraulic cylinder and a vertical hydraulic cylinder. The controller controls the expansion and contraction of each hydraulic cylinder according to the digital signals of the diaphragm type pressure sensor, the pull wire type displacement sensor and the lock head in-position switch from the data processing module so that the gauge-changeable bogie can automatically complete the unlocking and locking of wheels and the transformation actions of the wheels under different gauge.