The invention relates to a new-energy shared aerial rail traffic system capable of being used in air and on land and an operation method, in particular to a hydrogen-fuel new-energy aerial rail traffic system and a new-energy shared vehicle capable of being used in air and on land. The new-energy shared aerial rail traffic system capable of being used in air and on land is composed of an aerial rail system, an air-land lifting station, a new-energy rail vehicle, an unmanned open ground shared vehicle and an air-land Internet of Things intelligent operating command center. According to the new-energy shared aerial rail traffic system capable of being used in air and on land and the operation method, a hydrogen fuel power supply is adopted, environmental friendliness is achieved, pollution is avoided, the noise is low, comfortable riding and safety are ensured, and influences of rain, snow and ice are avoided; an aerial track operates rapidly, the operation plan rate reaches 99.99%, thetraffic efficiency is greatly improved, and the problem of traffic jam in cities is well solved; energy consumption is low, demolition is basically not needed, lamp posts can be replaced or green belts are utilized, and thus land is saved; and the comprehensive construction investment is low, the comprehensive operating cost is low, and the new-energy shared aerial rail traffic system is an important constituent part of urban traffic in future and can greatly change the trip mode of urban residents.