The invention provides an elastic high-speed brake lining, consisting of a steel backing (1), a brake block (2), a dovetail plate (3), a gasket (4), a disk spring (5), a guide sleeve (6), a bushing (7) and a rivet (8). The elastic structure high-speed brake lining provided by the invention has the advantages of high mechanical strength, small wearing capacity, stable friction performance, good thermal stability, good heat conductive performance, high dynamic moment and static moment, no noise, seawater corrosion resistance, sand wind prevention, excellent salt mist resistance and the like. Due to the elastic structure, the brake block of the high-speed brake lining is protected from eccentric wear caused by insufficient contact of the brake block of the high-speed brake lining and the surface of a brake disc, so that a high-speed train can brake smoothly, and the braking distance is short.