The invention discloses a railway hopper car unloading distance fast conversion control device and a railroad hopper car, the control device comprises a fixed unloading plate, a first movable unloading plate, a second movable unloading plate, a third movable unloading plate, a third movable unloading plate, a fourth movable unloading plate and a fourth movable unloading plate, one end of the fixed unloading plate is connected with a hopper plate, and one end of the first movable unloading plate is hinged with the other end of the fixed unloading plate; the driving mechanism is used for driving the first movable unloading plate to turn over relative to the fixed unloading plate, so that the first movable unloading plate keeps a certain included angle relative to the fixed unloading plate, and the second movable unloading plate is connected with the other end of the first movable unloading plate and can extend the first movable unloading plate. According to the control device, materials slide down through the fixed unloading plate and the first movable unloading plate, the falling point of the materials is changed by changing the included angle between the first movable unloading plate and the fixed unloading plate, meanwhile, the first movable unloading plate can be prolonged through the second movable unloading plate, and the falling point of the materials is further adjusted.