A combined buffer

Abstract

A combined buffer, comprising a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge mechanisms and a group of connectors installed in a housing; the energy absorbers include a group of polymer elastic elements and a group of metal spacers; the wedge mechanisms include hollow pressing blocks, wedge blocks, hollow seats and the upper chamber of the housing; the connectors include mandrels, nuts and thread connection anti-loosening parts; the energy absorbers and the wedge mechanisms are fixedly connected to the housing through the connectors. The beneficial effects are: having a higher energy absorption rate than the existing elastomer buffer; having better dynamic performance than the existing elastomer buffer; being simple in use and maintenance operations and having high reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, and in particular relates to mechanical equipment for shock absorption and impact mitigation, and more particularly to a coupler buffer for locomotive and rolling stock. Background Art

[0002] Among the coupler buffers for freight locomotives and rolling stock applied at home and abroad currently, the steam-liquid and clay buffers have good buffering performance but general reliability; the rubber buffer has a low capacity; the all-steel friction buffer has high reliability, but the buffering performance is not stable and has large discreteness; the friction clay and friction hydraulic buffers have excellent buffering performance, but these two types of buffers have complex structures and poor reliability.

[0003] The high molecular elastomer (TPEE) buffer has good anti-aging performance, is far less sensitive to temperature than rubber, has strong vibration absorption ability, smooth buffering and stable performance; has a relatively high maximum impedance force; has a large capacity; has a relatively high absorption rate; has high reliability; and has a wide temperature application range. However, the absorption rate of this buffer is about 70%, which cannot meet the requirements of modern locomotive and rolling stock for a high energy absorption rate of the buffer.

[0004] In the prior art, the energy absorption rates of the invention patents "Combined buffer of high molecular elastic element and metal friction element" with the application number 201510736219.2 and "Combined buffer of high molecular elastic element and wedge mechanism" with the application number 201610868232.8 are both higher than that of the high molecular elastomer (TPEE) buffer, but there is still room for improvement in other performances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to further improve the energy absorption rate of the high molecular elastomer buffer, and at the same time provide a buffer with the advantages of the existing high molecular elastomer buffer and good dynamic performance, so as to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A combined buffer includes a set of energy-absorbing bodies, a set of wedge mechanisms, and a set of connecting members installed in a housing; the interior of the housing is composed of a lower chamber and an upper chamber, the upper chamber and the lower chamber are interconnected, the bottom of the lower chamber is sealed, a circular stepped through-hole is provided at the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper chamber is open; the energy-absorbing body includes a set of polymer elastic elements and a set of metal spacers. The polymer elastic element is a hollow cylinder with arc-shaped upper and lower surfaces, and an elastic element central hole is provided at the center of the cylinder; the metal spacer is a thin sheet, and the thickness of the metal spacer is 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the polymer elastic element. A metal spacer central hole is provided at the center of the thin sheet; the wedge mechanism includes a hollow pressing block, a wedge block, a hollow seat, and the upper chamber of the housing; the connecting member includes a mandrel, a nut, and a thread connection anti-loosening member, which is a connecting mechanism for the housing, the energy-absorbing body, and the wedge mechanism. One end of the mandrel has a shoulder, and the shoulder cooperates with the central circular stepped through-hole at the bottom of the housing to play an axial positioning role. The other end of the mandrel has an external thread, and the external thread cooperates with the nut and forms a thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening member; the end of the mandrel with the shoulder is placed in the central circular stepped through-hole at the bottom of the housing, and the other end passes through the housing and is placed at the top of the housing. The metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the hollow seat, and the hollow pressing block are sequentially installed on the mandrel, and the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the hollow seat, and the hollow pressing block are fixedly connected to the housing through the nut and the thread connection anti-loosening member. Among them, the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the hollow seat, and the hollow pressing block are installed on the mandrel through their respective central holes. There is a clearance fit between the metal spacer central hole, the hollow seat central hole, the hollow pressing block central hole and the mandrel. The axis of the polymer elastic element central hole coincides with the axis of the mandrel, and there is a clearance between the polymer elastic element central hole and the mandrel; the wedge block, the hollow seat, and the hollow pressing block are located in the upper chamber of the housing, and the energy-absorbing body composed of the polymer elastic element and the metal spacer is located in the lower chamber of the housing. It is characterized in that: the upper chamber of the housing is a cylinder surrounded by n isosceles trapezoidal planes, n≥4, with the long side of each trapezoidal plane on the upper side and the short side on the lower side, forming an inverted frustum-shaped cylinder; the hollow pressing block is a hollow n-prism, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing. The bottom of the hollow pressing block is sealed, a pressing block central hole is opened at the center of the bottom, the upper part of the hollow pressing block is open, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block is composed of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane. The pressing block horizontal plane is an n-sided plane located at the center of the outer surface of the bottom, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing. The pressing block inclined plane is the plane connecting each side of the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of each side of the hollow prism of the hollow pressing block. The pressing block inclined plane slopes upward and outward from the pressing block horizontal plane, and the angle between the pressing block inclined plane and the horizontal plane is α, 0°≤α≤89°;The hollow seat is an n-prism, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing. The upper surface of the hollow seat is composed of a hollow seat horizontal plane and a hollow seat inclined plane. The hollow seat horizontal plane is an n-sided polygon plane located at the center of the upper surface of the hollow seat, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing. The hollow seat inclined plane is a plane connecting each side of the hollow seat horizontal plane and the upper edge of each side surface of the hollow seat prism. The hollow seat inclined plane slopes downward and outward from the hollow seat horizontal plane. The angle between the hollow seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is β, where 0° ≤ β ≤ 89°. The lower surface of the hollow seat is a plane; the wedge block is a polyhedron. The inner surface of the polyhedron is a vertical plane, and the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane that slopes downward and inward from the upper edge, with an inclination angle of γ, where 0° ≤ γ ≤ 89°. The outer surface of the polyhedron is a plane that fits the trapezoidal plane of the inner surface of the upper chamber of the housing; the upper surface of the polyhedron is a plane that fits the inclined plane of the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block; the lower surface of the polyhedron is a plane that fits the hollow seat inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat; the two side surfaces of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape; the wedge block is composed of i pieces, where n ≥ i ≥ 2, and n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing. The i pieces of wedge blocks are installed between the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block. There is a gap between adjacent wedge blocks, and there is a space between the inner surface of the wedge block and the mandrel.

[0007] The combined buffer of the present invention is characterized in that: the upper surface of the wedge polyhedron is an upper inclined plane or an upper folding surface formed by connecting the upper horizontal plane of the wedge and the upper inclined plane of the wedge; the upper inclined plane of the polyhedron inclines downward and inward from the upper edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, and the inclination angle is equal to the angle α between the inclined plane of the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block and the horizontal plane of the pressing block. The upper inclined plane is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the bottom of the hollow pressing block; the upper horizontal plane of the wedge of the upper folding surface is the surface connected to the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron, and the upper inclined plane of the wedge is the surface connecting the inner surface of the wedge polyhedron and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge. The upper inclined plane of the wedge inclines downward and inward from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge, and the angle between the upper inclined plane of the wedge and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge is the same as the angle α between the inclined plane of the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block and the horizontal plane of the pressing block. The upper inclined plane of the wedge in the upper folding surface is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the bottom of the hollow pressing block; the lower surface of the wedge is a lower inclined plane or a lower folding surface formed by connecting the lower horizontal plane of the wedge and the lower inclined plane of the wedge; the lower inclined plane of the polyhedron inclines upward and inward from the lower edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, and the inclination angle is equal to the angle β between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat and the horizontal plane. The lower inclined plane is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat of the hollow seat; the lower horizontal plane of the lower folding surface is the surface connected to the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron, and the lower inclined plane of the wedge is the surface connecting the inner surface of the wedge polyhedron and the lower horizontal plane. The lower inclined plane of the wedge inclines upward and inward from the lower horizontal plane of the wedge, and the angle between the lower inclined plane of the wedge and the lower horizontal plane of the wedge is the same as the angle β between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat and the horizontal plane of the hollow seat. The lower inclined plane of the wedge in the lower folding surface is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat of the hollow seat.

[0008] The combined buffer of the present invention is characterized in that: the inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are surfaces with equal width or surfaces with unequal width where the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide; when the inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are surfaces with unequal width where the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide, the width of the inner surface is 3 - 100 mm shorter than the width of the outer surface.

[0009] The inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are rectangular or trapezoidal. When the inner surface and the outer surface are trapezoidal, the long side of the trapezoid is on the upper side and the short side is on the lower side. The shape of the side surface of the wedge polyhedron is quadrilateral or polygonal. When both the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge polyhedron are inclined planes, the side surface of the wedge polyhedron is trapezoidal; when one of the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge polyhedron is a folding surface, the side surface of the wedge polyhedron is polygonal.

[0010] The combined buffer of the present invention is characterized in that: the taper of the inverted frustum - shaped cylinder of the upper chamber of the housing is the same as the inclination angle γ of the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron; the lower chamber of the housing is a cylindrical cylinder or an n - prism - shaped cylinder.

[0011] The combined buffer described in the present invention is characterized in that: the combined buffer also includes an energy storage element, which is an elastic element. The elastic element is provided with a center hole. The elastic element is installed on the central shaft through the center hole and is located in the space between the inner surface of the wedge block between the hollow pressure block and the hollow seat and the central shaft.

[0012] The combined buffer described in the present invention is characterized in that the elastic element of the energy storage element is any one of a metal cylindrical coil spring, a metal conical coil spring, a metal disc spring, a metal leaf spring, a polymer elastomer or a viscoelastic body.

[0013] The combined buffer of the present invention is characterized in that the gap between two adjacent wedge blocks is 5 to 100 mm.

[0014] The working principle of the present invention is: when the impact load acts on the hollow pressure block in the axial direction, the hollow pressure block pushes the wedge block, the wedge block pushes the hollow seat, and the hollow seat pushes the metal spacer and the polymer elastic element assembly, so that the axial load acts on the bottom of the shell through the metal spacer. In this process, the inclined plane on the lower surface of the hollow pressure block and the inclined plane on the upper surface of the wedge block squeeze each other to produce relative movement and friction; the outer surface of the wedge block and the inner surface of the upper chamber of the shell squeeze each other to produce relative movement and friction; the inclined plane on the lower surface of the wedge block and the inclined plane on the upper surface of the hollow seat squeeze each other to produce relative movement and friction; the friction on these surfaces consumes energy, thereby improving the energy absorption rate of the buffer; at the same time, the axial force from the hollow seat causes the polymer elastic element assembly to undergo axial compression deformation to absorb the impact energy, and the radial friction between the metal spacer and the polymer elastic element will also consume part of the impact energy. When the axial impact load disappears, the polymer elastic element recovers its deformation and pushes the hollow seat, wedge block and hollow pressure block to move from bottom to top; at the same time, the energy storage element between the hollow seat and the hollow pressure block undergoes compression deformation and stores part of the energy in the rebound process, alleviating the rebound impact, and finally all components return to the state before the impact load.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. The impact energy consumed by the wedge-shaped mechanism composed of the hollow pressure block, wedge block, hollow seat and the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell greatly improves the energy absorption rate of the buffer.

[0017] 2. The compressed energy storage element slightly stretches when subjected to impact load, thereby alleviating the impact on the elements below the energy storage element; and during the rebound process, the energy storage element is compressed and deformed to store part of the energy in the rebound process, thereby alleviating the rebound impact; therefore, the buffer of the present invention has better dynamic performance than the existing elastomer buffer.

[0018] 3. It has a wide range of applications. It can be used as a coupler buffer for locomotives and rolling stock, and can also be applied to vibration damping and buffering equipment in other industries such as mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, and petroleum machinery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined buffer of the present invention

[0020] Figure 2 is a front view schematic diagram of a housing composed of four identical isosceles trapezoidal surfaces in the upper chamber

[0021] Figure 3 is Figure 2 side view schematic diagram of

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 2 top view schematic diagram of

[0023] Figure 5 is a front view schematic diagram of a hollow pressing block with a regular quadrangular prism shape

[0024] Figure 6 is Figure 5 side view schematic diagram of

[0025] Figure 7 is Figure 5 top view schematic diagram of

[0026] Figure 8 is a front view schematic diagram of a wedge block whose upper and lower surfaces are composed of inclined planes and horizontal planes, and whose inner and outer surfaces are rectangular and of equal width on both sides

[0027] Figure 8-1 is a front view schematic diagram of a wedge block whose upper and lower surfaces are composed of inclined planes and horizontal planes, and whose inner and outer surfaces are trapezoidal and the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide

[0028] Figure 9 is Figure 8 top view schematic diagram of

[0029] Figure 9-1 is Figure 8-1 top view schematic diagram of

[0030] Figure 10 is Figure 8 side view schematic diagram of

[0031] Figure 10-1 is Figure 8-1 side view schematic diagram of

[0032] Figure 11 is a front view schematic diagram of a wedge block whose upper and lower surfaces are composed of inclined planes, and whose inner and outer surfaces are rectangular and of equal width on both sides

[0033] Figure 11-1 It is a front view schematic diagram of a wedge block whose upper and lower surfaces are composed of inclined planes. Its inner and outer surfaces are trapezoidal, with the inner surface being narrow and the outer surface being wide.

[0034] Figure 12 It is Figure 11 a top view schematic diagram of

[0035] Figure 12-1 It is Figure 11-1 a top view schematic diagram of

[0036] Figure 13 It is Figure 11 a side view schematic diagram of

[0037] Figure 13-1 It is Figure 11-1 a side view schematic diagram of

[0038] Figure 14 It is a front view schematic diagram of a hollow seat that is a regular quadrangular prism.

[0039] Figure 15 It is Figure 14 a top view schematic diagram of

[0040] Figure 16 It is a front view schematic diagram of a housing whose upper cavity is composed of six identical isosceles trapezoidal surfaces.

[0041] Figure 17 It is Figure 16 a side view schematic diagram of

[0042] Figure 18 It is Figure 16 a top view schematic diagram of

[0043] Figure 19 It is a front view schematic diagram of a hollow pressing block that is a regular hexagonal prism.

[0044] Figure 20 It is Figure 19 a top view schematic diagram of

[0045] Figure 21 It is Figure 19 a side view schematic diagram of

[0046] Figure 22 It is a front view schematic diagram of a hollow seat that is a regular hexagonal prism.

[0047] Figure 23 It is Figure 22 a top view schematic diagram of

[0048] Figure 24 It is Figure 22 a side view schematic diagram of

[0049] In the figure, 1 is the housing, 2 is the metal spacer, 3 is the polymer elastic element, 4 is the hollow seat, 5 is the wedge block, 6 is the hollow pressing block, 7 is the mandrel, 8 is the nut, 9 is the thread connection anti-loosening part, and 10 is the energy storage element. Specific embodiments

[0050] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] A combined buffer, comprising a set of energy-absorbing bodies, a set of wedge mechanisms and a set of connecting parts installed in a housing 1; the interior of the housing 1 consists of a lower chamber and an upper chamber, the upper chamber and the lower chamber communicate with each other, the bottom of the lower chamber is sealed, a circular stepped through hole is provided at the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper chamber is open; the energy-absorbing bodies include a set of polymer elastic elements 3 and a set of metal spacers 2, the polymer elastic elements 3 are hollow cylinders with arc-shaped upper and lower surfaces, and an elastic element central hole is provided at the center of the cylinder; the metal spacers 2 are thin sheets, the thickness of the metal spacers 2 is 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the polymer elastic elements 3, and a metal spacer central hole is provided at the center of the thin sheet; the wedge mechanism includes a hollow pressing block 6, a wedge block 5, a hollow seat 4 and the upper chamber of the housing 1; the connecting parts include a mandrel 7, a nut 8 and a thread connection anti-loosening part 9, which is the connecting mechanism of the housing 1, the energy-absorbing body and the wedge mechanism, one end of the mandrel 7 has a shoulder, and the shoulder cooperates with the central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the housing 1 to play an axial positioning role, the other end of the mandrel 7 has an external thread, and the external thread cooperates with the nut 8 and forms a thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening part 9; one end of the mandrel 7 with a shoulder is placed in the central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the housing 1, and the other end passes through the housing 1 and is placed at the top of the housing 1. The metal spacer 2, the polymer elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are sequentially installed on the mandrel 7, and the metal spacer 2, the polymer elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are fixedly connected to the housing 1 through the nut 8 and the thread connection anti-loosening part 9. Among them, the metal spacer 2, the polymer elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are installed on the mandrel 7 through their respective central holes. There is a clearance fit between the metal spacer central hole, the hollow seat 4 central hole, the hollow pressing block 6 central hole and the mandrel 7. The axis of the polymer elastic element central hole coincides with the axis of the mandrel 7, and there is a clearance between the polymer elastic element 3 central hole and the mandrel 7; the wedge block 5, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are located in the upper chamber of the housing 1, and the energy-absorbing body composed of the polymer elastic element 3 and the metal spacer 2 is located in the lower chamber of the housing 1; the upper chamber of the housing 1 is a cylindrical body surrounded by n isosceles trapezoidal planes, n≥4, with the long side of each trapezoidal plane on the upper side and the short side on the lower side, forming an inverted frustum-shaped cylindrical body. The taper of the inverted frustum-shaped cylindrical body in the upper chamber is the same as the inclination angle γ of the outer surface of the multi-faceted body of the wedge block 5; the lower chamber of the housing 1 is a cylindrical body or an n-prismatic body; the hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow n-prismatic body, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces in the upper chamber of the housing 1. The bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 is sealed, and a pressing block central hole is opened at the center of the bottom. The upper part of the hollow pressing block 6 is open. The outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 consists of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane. The pressing block horizontal plane is an n-sided plane located at the center of the outer surface of the bottom, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces in the upper chamber of the housing 1. The pressing block inclined plane is the plane connecting each side of the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of each side of the hollow prism of the hollow pressing block 6. The pressing block inclined plane inclines upward and outward from the pressing block horizontal plane, and the angle between the pressing block inclined plane and the horizontal plane is α, 0°≤α≤89°;The hollow seat 4 is an n-prism, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing 1. The upper surface of the hollow seat 4 is composed of a hollow seat horizontal plane and a hollow seat inclined plane. The hollow seat horizontal plane is an n-sided polygon plane located at the center of the upper surface of the hollow seat 4, and n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing 1. The hollow seat inclined plane is a plane connecting each side of the hollow seat horizontal plane and the upper edge of each side surface of the n-prism of the hollow seat 4. The hollow seat inclined plane slopes downward and outward from the hollow seat horizontal plane. The angle between the hollow seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is β, where 0° ≤ β ≤ 89°. The lower surface of the hollow seat 4 is a plane; the wedge 5 is a polyhedron. The inner surface of the polyhedron is a vertical plane, and the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane that slopes downward and inward from the upper edge, with an inclination angle of γ, where 0° ≤ γ ≤ 89°. The outer surface of the polyhedron is a plane that fits the trapezoidal plane of the inner surface of the upper chamber of the housing 1; the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces where the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide. The unequal-width surface where the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide has a width of the inner surface that is 3 - 100 mm shorter than the width of the outer surface; the inner surface of the polyhedron is rectangular or trapezoidal; the upper surface of the polyhedron is an upper inclined plane that fits the pressing block inclined plane on the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block 6 or an upper folding surface formed by connecting the wedge upper horizontal plane and the wedge upper inclined plane. The wedge upper inclined plane of the upper folding surface is a surface that fits the pressing block inclined plane on the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block 6. The wedge upper horizontal plane of the upper folding surface is a surface connected to the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5. The wedge upper inclined plane is a surface connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 and the wedge upper horizontal plane. The wedge upper inclined plane slopes downward and inward from the wedge upper horizontal plane. The angle between the wedge upper inclined plane and the wedge upper horizontal plane is the same as the angle α between the pressing block inclined plane and the pressing block horizontal plane on the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block 6; the lower surface of the polyhedron is a lower inclined plane that fits the hollow seat inclined plane on the upper surface of the hollow seat 4 or a lower folding surface formed by connecting the wedge lower horizontal plane and the wedge lower inclined plane. The wedge lower inclined plane of the lower folding surface is a surface that fits the hollow seat inclined plane on the upper surface of the hollow seat 4. The lower horizontal plane of the lower folding surface is a surface connected to the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5. The wedge lower inclined plane is a surface connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 and the lower horizontal plane. The wedge lower inclined plane slopes upward and inward from the wedge lower horizontal plane. The angle between the wedge lower inclined plane and the wedge lower horizontal plane is the same as the angle β between the hollow seat inclined plane and the hollow seat horizontal plane on the upper surface of the hollow seat 4; the two side surfaces of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape, and the shape of the side surface is a quadrilateral or a polygon. When both the upper and lower surfaces of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 are inclined planes, the side surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 is trapezoidal; when one of the upper and lower surfaces of the polyhedron is a folding surface, the side surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 is a polygon; the wedge 5 is composed of i pieces, where n ≥ i ≥ 2, and n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing 1. The i pieces of the wedge 5 are installed between the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6. There is a gap between adjacent wedges 5, and the gap between adjacent wedges 5 is 5 - 100 mm. There is a space between the inner surface of the wedge 5 and the mandrel 7.;

[0052] Another embodiment of the combined buffer is that the combined buffer further includes an energy storage element 10, which is an elastic element. The elastic element is provided with a central hole and is installed on the mandrel 7 through the central hole at the space between the inner surface of the wedge block 5 located between the hollow pressing block 6 and the hollow seat 4 and the mandrel 7. The elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical helical spring, a metal conical helical spring, a metal disc spring, a metal leaf spring, a polymer elastomer or a viscoelastic body.

[0053] During the machining of parts, all sharp corners of the housing 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the wedge block 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are machined into rounded corners or chamfers.

[0054] The assembly process is as follows: First, pass the threaded end of the mandrel 7 through the central cylindrical stepped hole at the bottom of the housing 1 to the upper end of the housing 1, and the end of the mandrel 7 with a shoulder is fitted with the central cylindrical stepped hole at the bottom of the housing 1. Then, insert the first metal spacer 2 into the mandrel 7, and then insert the first polymer elastic element 3 into the mandrel 7. Sequentially insert all the metal spacers 2 and polymer elastic elements 3 into the mandrel 7 alternately, which are located in the lower chamber of the housing 1. Next, insert the hollow seat 4 and the energy storage element 10 into the mandrel 7 successively, and the hollow seat 4 is located on the last metal spacer 2. Then, insert i wedge blocks 5 onto the hollow seat 4 so that the wedge blocks 5 are between the hollow seat 4 and the housing 1. The outer surface of the wedge block 5 fits with the inner surface of the upper chamber of the housing 1, and the lower surface fits with the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat 4. Then, insert the hollow pressing block 6 into the mandrel 7 so that the hollow pressing block 6 is located on the energy storage element (10) and the wedge block 5. The inclined plane of the lower surface of the hollow pressing block 6 fits with the inclined plane of the upper surface of the wedge block 5, and the energy storage element 10 is pressed tightly on the hollow seat 4. Finally, screw the nut 8 onto the threaded end of the mandrel 7 to press the hollow pressing block 6, and then connect the threaded end of the mandrel 7 and the nut 8 with the anti-loosening part 9.

[0055] Embodiment 1

[0056] The outer shape of the housing 1 is cylindrical. The upper chamber of the housing 1 is composed of four identical isosceles trapezoidal planes. The lower chamber of the housing 1 is cylindrical. The inner diameter of the lower chamber of the housing 1 is 20 mm larger than the diagonal length of the largest quadrilateral of the upper chamber. There are seven polymer elastic elements 3 and eight metal spacers 2. The thickness of the metal spacer 2 is 1 / 3 of that of the polymer elastic element 3. The hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, and its upper surface is composed of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane. The hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, and the outer surface of its bottom is composed of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane. The upper and lower surfaces of the wedge block 5 are composed of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane. The angle between the outer surface of the wedge block 5 and the vertical plane is equal to the angle between the inner surface of the upper chamber of the housing 1 and the vertical plane, both of which are γ, and γ is 3°. The angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the angle between the inclined plane of the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the horizontal plane, both of which are α, and α is 25°. The angle between the inclined plane of the lower surface of the wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat 4 and the horizontal plane, both of which are β, and β is 25°. The inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 5 are of equal width. Four wedge blocks 5 are taken. The metal spacer 2 is a flat spacer. The energy storage element 10 is a set of metal cylindrical helical springs. The material of the polymer elastic element 3 is TPEE. All sharp corners of the housing 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the wedge block 5, and the hollow pressing block 6 are processed into rounded corners or chamfers.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] It is basically the same as the structure of Example 1, except that the upper chamber of the housing 1 is composed of six identical isosceles trapezoidal planes, the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism, the hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism, and the structure does not contain an energy storage element.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] It is basically the same as the structure of Example 1, except that the outer shape of the housing 1 is a regular quadrangular prism, and the lower chamber of the housing 1 is a regular quadrangular prism chamber.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] It is basically the same as the structure of Example 3, except that there are two wedge blocks 5, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 5 are non-equal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 10 mm shorter than the width of the outer surface.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] It is basically the same as the structure of Example 2, except that the inclination angle γ of the inclined plane of the outer surface of the wedge block 5 is 2°; the angle α between the horizontal plane and the inclined plane of the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 is 23°; the energy storage element 10 is a set of metal disc springs.

Claims

1. A combined buffer, comprising a group of energy-absorbing bodies, a group of wedge mechanisms and a group of connecting members installed in a housing (1); the interior of the housing (1) consists of a lower chamber and an upper chamber, the upper chamber and the lower chamber communicate with each other, the bottom of the lower chamber is sealed, and a circular stepped through-hole is provided at the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper chamber is open; the energy-absorbing bodies include a group of polymer elastic elements (3) and a group of metal spacers (2), the polymer elastic elements (3) are hollow cylinders with arc-shaped upper and lower surfaces, and an elastic element central hole is provided at the center of the cylinder; the metal spacers (2) are thin sheets, and the thickness of the metal spacers (2) is 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the polymer elastic elements (3), and a metal spacer central hole is provided at the center of the thin sheet; the wedge mechanism includes a hollow pressing block (6), a wedge block (5), a hollow seat (4) and the upper chamber of the housing (1); the connecting members include a mandrel (7), a nut (8) and a thread connection anti-loosening member (9), which is a connecting mechanism for the housing (1), the energy-absorbing body and the wedge mechanism. One end of the mandrel (7) has a shoulder, and the shoulder cooperates with the central circular stepped through-hole at the bottom of the housing (1) to play an axial positioning role. The other end of the mandrel (7) has an external thread, and the external thread cooperates with the nut (8) and forms a thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening member (9); the end of the mandrel (7) with the shoulder is placed in the central circular stepped through-hole at the bottom of the housing (1), and the other end passes through the housing (1) and is placed at the top of the housing (1). The metal spacer (2), the polymer elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are sequentially installed on the mandrel (7), and the metal spacer (2), the polymer elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are fixedly connected to the housing (1) through the nut (8) and the thread connection anti-loosening member (9). Among them, the metal spacer (2), the polymer elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are installed on the mandrel (7) through their respective central holes. There is a clearance fit between the metal spacer central hole, the hollow seat (4) central hole and the hollow pressing block (6) central hole and the mandrel (7). The axis of the polymer elastic element central hole coincides with the axis of the mandrel (7), and there is a clearance between the polymer elastic element (3) central hole and the mandrel (7); the wedge block (5), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are located in the upper chamber of the housing (1), and the energy-absorbing body composed of the polymer elastic element (3) and the metal spacer (2) is located in the lower chamber of the housing (1). It is characterized in that : the upper chamber of the housing (1) is a cylindrical body surrounded by n isosceles trapezoidal planes, n≥4, with the long side of each trapezoidal plane on the upper side and the short side on the lower side, forming an inverted frustum of a pyramid-shaped cylindrical body; The hollow pressing block (6) is a hollow n-prism, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing (1). The bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) is sealed, and a pressing block central hole is opened at the center of the bottom. The upper part of the hollow pressing block (6) is open. The outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) consists of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane. The pressing block horizontal plane is an n-sided polygon plane located at the center of the outer surface of the bottom, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing (1). The pressing block inclined plane is the plane connecting each side of the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of each side of the hollow prism of the hollow pressing block (6). The pressing block inclined plane slopes upward and outward from the pressing block horizontal plane, and the angle between the pressing block inclined plane and the horizontal plane is α, where 0° ≤ α ≤ 89°; The hollow seat (4) is an n-prism, where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing (1). The upper surface of the hollow seat (4) consists of a hollow seat horizontal plane and a hollow seat inclined plane. The hollow seat horizontal plane is an n-sided polygon plane located at the center of the upper surface of the hollow seat (4), where n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing (1). The hollow seat inclined plane is the plane connecting each side of the hollow seat horizontal plane and the upper edge of each side of the prism of the hollow seat (4). The hollow seat inclined plane slopes downward and outward from the hollow seat horizontal plane, and the angle between the hollow seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is β, where 0° ≤ β ≤ 89°. The lower surface of the hollow seat (4) is a plane; The wedge block (5) is a polyhedron. The inner surface of the polyhedron is a vertical plane, and the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane that slopes downward and inward from the upper side, with an inclination angle of γ, where 0° ≤ γ ≤ 89°. The outer surface of the polyhedron is a plane that fits the trapezoidal plane of the inner surface of the upper chamber of the housing (1); the upper surface of the polyhedron is a plane that fits the pressing block inclined plane of the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6); the lower surface of the polyhedron is a plane that fits the hollow seat inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat (4); the two side surfaces of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape; The wedge block (5) is composed of i pieces, where n ≥ i ≥ 2, and n is the number of trapezoidal faces of the upper chamber of the housing (1). The i pieces of wedge blocks (5) are installed between the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6). There is a gap between adjacent wedge blocks (5), and there is a space between the inner surface of the wedge block (5) and the core shaft (7).

2. The combined buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) is an upper inclined plane or an upper folded surface formed by connecting the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block and the upper inclined plane of the wedge block; the upper inclined plane of the polyhedron is inclined downward and inward from the upper edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, and the inclination angle is equal to the angle α between the inclined plane of the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block (6) and the pressing block horizontal plane. The upper inclined plane is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the bottom pressing block of the hollow pressing block (6); the upper horizontal plane of the upper folded surface is the surface connected to the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5), and the upper inclined plane of the wedge block is the surface connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block. The upper inclined plane of the wedge block is inclined downward and inward from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, and the angle between the upper inclined plane of the wedge block and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is the same as the angle α between the inclined plane of the bottom outer surface of the hollow pressing block (6) and the pressing block horizontal plane. The upper inclined plane of the wedge block in the upper folded surface is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the bottom pressing block of the hollow pressing block (6); the lower surface of the wedge block (5) is a lower inclined plane or a lower folded surface formed by connecting the lower horizontal plane of the wedge block and the lower inclined plane of the wedge block; the lower inclined plane of the polyhedron is inclined upward and inward from the lower edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, and the inclination angle is equal to the angle β between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat (4) and the horizontal plane. The lower inclined plane is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat of the hollow seat (4); the lower horizontal plane of the lower folded surface is the surface connected to the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5), and the lower inclined plane of the wedge block is the surface connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) and the lower horizontal plane. The lower inclined plane of the wedge block is inclined upward and inward from the lower horizontal plane of the wedge block, and the angle between the lower inclined plane of the wedge block and the lower horizontal plane of the wedge block is the same as the angle β between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat of the hollow seat (4) and the horizontal plane of the hollow seat. The lower inclined plane of the wedge block in the lower folded surface is the surface that fits the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat of the hollow seat (4).

3. The combined buffer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) are surfaces with equal widths or surfaces with unequal widths where the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide; when the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) are surfaces with unequal widths where the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide, the width of the inner surface is 3 - 100 mm shorter than the width of the outer surface.

4. The combined buffer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The taper of the inverted frustum-shaped cylinder of the upper chamber of the housing (1) is the same as the inclination angle γ of the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5); the lower chamber of the housing (1) is a cylindrical cylinder or an n-prism cylinder, where n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper chamber of the housing (1).

5. The combined buffer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The combined buffer further includes an energy storage element (10). The energy storage element (10) is an elastic element. The elastic element is provided with a central hole, and the elastic element is installed on the mandrel (7) through the central hole, and is located in the space between the inner surface of the wedge block (5) and the mandrel (7) between the hollow pressing block (6) and the hollow seat (4).

6. The combined buffer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical helical spring, a metal conical helical spring, a metal disc spring, a metal leaf spring, a polymer elastomer or a viscoelastic body.

7. The combined buffer according to claim 6, characterized in that: the gap between two adjacent wedges (5) is 5 to 100 mm.

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