Fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection

Abstract

A fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection includes a conveying mechanism, a visual detection mechanism and a classification execution mechanism, wherein the visual detection mechanism is arranged on the conveying mechanism, and the classification execution mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism includes a conveyor belt provided with a plurality of rows of fruit holes, the conveyor belt is arranged in a triangle and driven by a driving mechanism, the conveying mechanism is arranged on a conveying frame, the visual detection mechanism includes an upper detection mechanism arranged above the conveyor belt and a lower detection mechanism arranged in the triangle of the conveyor belt, the upper detection mechanism includes an upper detection camera installed on an upper visual detection frame, an upper linear array light source and a plane reflector; a lower visual detection mechanism is arranged in a triangular cavity in the conveyor belt at the bottom of the conveying frame, the lower visual detection mechanism includes a lower detection camera installed on the conveying frame, and the upper detection camera and the lower detection camera are both connected to a control center. The present invention can improve the efficiency of fruit defect detection work, and has a light structure, a small volume, and is relatively stable under high-speed conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection. Background Art

[0002] Fruit defect detection and grading has always been a major problem in the fruit production and processing process. Traditional detection and grading is to grade the quality of fruits through manual visual inspection, but the efficiency and accuracy are low. In recent years, China has achieved certain results in mechanical devices for detecting and classifying fruit defects, and has developed automatic grading equipment that can realize real-time online detection of single-sided fruits, but the detection of defects on the entire surface of fruits is still in the research stage. At present, the most widely used mechanism is the fruit rubbing and rotating mechanism, that is, under the rubbing force of the stick, the fruit rolls forward, and a single camera continuously collects pictures and then performs detection and processing, but this structure is complex and bulky, and under high-speed conditions, the fruit rotates inconsistently and is prone to jumping, affecting the subsequent detection accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0003] We now use optical reflection and a hole-type conveyor belt to transport neatly arranged fruits to the inspection area under the condition that the fruits are transported horizontally and do not rotate. The industrial cameras and reflectors of the upper and lower inspection systems are used to simultaneously extract the upper surface, left and right surfaces, and lower surfaces of a row of fruits to complete the inspection of fruit defects. The simultaneous extraction and inspection of the full surface images of multiple fruits to be tested improves the efficiency of fruit defect detection. It also has a light structure, small size, and is relatively stable at high speeds.

[0004] The invention provides a fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection, which can improve the efficiency of fruit defect detection work, and has a light structure, a small volume, and is relatively stable under high-speed conditions.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection comprises a conveying mechanism, a visual detection mechanism and a classification execution mechanism, wherein the visual detection mechanism is arranged on the conveying mechanism, and the classification execution mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism comprises a conveyor belt provided with a plurality of rows of fruit holes, the conveyor belt is arranged in a triangle and driven by a driving mechanism, the conveying mechanism is arranged on a conveying frame, the visual detection mechanism comprises an upper detection mechanism arranged above the conveyor belt and a lower detection mechanism arranged in the triangle of the conveyor belt, an upper visual detection rack is arranged on the conveying frame, the upper detection mechanism comprises an upper detection camera, an upper linear array light source and a plane reflector installed on the upper visual detection rack, wherein the upper detection camera is aimed at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, the upper linear array light source irradiates the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, a plurality of plane reflectors are arranged in parallel in a row, and the plane reflectors are aligned with the fruit holes. one end thereof corresponds to the other end thereof, and the plane reflector has an angle α relative to the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism; a lower visual detection mechanism is arranged in the triangular cavity in the conveyor belt at the lower part of the conveying frame, and the lower visual detection mechanism comprises a lower detection camera and a lower linear array light source installed on the conveying frame, the lower detection camera is aimed upward at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the lower linear array light source is aimed upward at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the upper detection camera and the lower detection camera are both connected to the control center; the classification execution mechanism comprises a blanking plate, which is arranged on the blanking frame, and a plurality of blanking troughs corresponding to the fruit holes are arranged on the blanking plate, and the tail of the blanking trough is a discharge port, and a defective drop hole is arranged on the blanking trough, and a cover plate which is in the same plane as the bottom surface of the blanking trough is hinged on the defective drop hole, and the bottom surface of the cover plate is connected to a cylinder push rod, and the other end of the cylinder push rod is fixed to the bottom of the blanking plate, and the cylinder push rod is connected to the control center.

[0007] In the above-mentioned fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection, there are several rows of elliptical holes on the conveyor belt as fruit placement areas, and the upper linear array light source and the lower linear array light source are both strip-shaped light sources.

[0008] In the above-mentioned fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection, the plane reflector has an angle α of 50-90 degrees relative to the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism.

[0009] In the above-mentioned fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection, the upper linear array light source and the lower linear array light source are both connected to the control center.

[0010] The above-mentioned fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection is provided with a defective fruit dividing plate below the defect drop hole of the feed chute.

[0011] In the above-mentioned fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection, the feed chute is arranged at an angle.

[0012] In the above-mentioned fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection, the defective fruit dividing plate is arranged at an angle.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] The present invention adopts an optical reflection method, uses a conveyor belt with elliptical holes, and conveys neatly arranged fruits to the detection area under the condition that the fruits are conveyed horizontally and do not rotate. The upper surface, left and right surfaces and lower surface of a row of fruits are simultaneously extracted by the upper visual detection camera, the lower visual detection camera and the reflector, so as to realize the simultaneous extraction and detection of the full surface images of multiple fruits to be tested. The feed chute is provided with defect drop holes, and the classification of fruits with different defects is realized by controlling the defective fruit separation plate. The efficiency of fruit defect detection is improved, and the structure is light, the volume is small, and it is relatively stable under high speed conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the visual detection mechanism and the conveying mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conveying mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the visual detection mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the visual detection mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the blanking plate structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The structure and working process of the present invention are specifically described in detail.

[0023] A fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection comprises a conveying mechanism 1, a visual detection mechanism 2 and a classification execution mechanism 3, wherein the visual detection mechanism is arranged on the conveying mechanism, and the classification execution mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism comprises a conveyor belt 4 provided with a plurality of rows of fruit holes, the conveyor belt is arranged in a triangular shape and driven by a driving mechanism, the fruit holes on the conveyor belt are arranged in corresponding hole shapes according to the size of the fruit to form the fruit holes, and a fruit placement area is formed, and the conveying mechanism is arranged on a conveying frame 5. The visual inspection mechanism includes an upper inspection mechanism 6 arranged above the conveyor belt and a lower inspection mechanism 7 arranged in a triangle of the conveyor belt. An upper visual inspection frame is arranged on the conveyor frame. The upper inspection mechanism 6 includes an upper inspection camera 8, an upper linear array light source 10 and a plane reflector 9 installed on the upper visual inspection frame, wherein the upper inspection camera 8 is aimed at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, the upper linear array light source irradiates the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the plane reflector is arranged in a row in parallel. The plane reflector corresponds to one end of the fruit hole, and the plane reflector has an angle α relative to the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, so as to ensure that the left, middle and right sides of the fruit can be reflected in the reflector, so that the upper inspection camera can use the images of the left and right sides of the fruit in the reflector; a lower visual inspection mechanism is arranged in the triangular cavity in the conveyor belt at the lower part of the conveyor frame, and the lower visual inspection mechanism 7 includes a lower inspection camera 11 and a lower linear array light source 12 installed on the conveyor frame, the lower inspection camera is aimed upward at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the lower linear array light source is aimed upward at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the upper inspection camera and the lower inspection camera are both connected to the control center. The upper visual detection mechanism and the lower visual detection mechanism of the present invention are arranged correspondingly to ensure that the upper surface, side surface and lower surface of the fruit on the conveyor belt can be detected. The fruit to be detected is transported to the detection positions corresponding to the upper visual detection mechanism and the lower visual detection mechanism through the conveying mechanism. The upper detection mechanism extracts the upper surface of the fruit to be detected on the conveyor belt and the side surface of the fruit in the reflector through the upper detection camera, and the lower detection mechanism extracts the lower surface of the fruit, thereby realizing simultaneous extraction and detection of the entire surface of the fruit, and greatly improving the efficiency and reliability of full-surface fruit detection.

[0024] The control center of the present invention adopts a PLC industrial computer, which is available on the market.

[0025] The classification actuator includes a feed plate 13, which is arranged on a feed frame and is inclined. A plurality of feed troughs corresponding to the fruit holes are arranged on the feed plate. The tail of the feed trough is a discharge port. A defective drop hole is arranged on the feed trough. A cover plate which is in the same plane as the bottom surface of the feed trough is hinged on the defective drop hole. The bottom surface of the cover plate is connected to a cylinder push rod 14. The other end of the cylinder push rod is fixed to the bottom of the feed plate. The cylinder push rod is connected to a control center.

[0026] In order to ensure that the images on both sides of the fruit can be reflected in the plane reflector, the plane reflector of the present invention has an angle α of 50-90 degrees relative to the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism to ensure that the images on the left and right sides of the fruit are reflected.

[0027] The upper linear array light source and the lower linear array light source of the present invention are both connected to the control center, and both the upper linear array light source and the lower linear array light source are strip light sources, and the light is evenly irradiated on the fruit to improve the imaging effect. When detection is required, the control center starts the upper linear array light source and the lower linear array light source.

[0028] A defective fruit dividing plate 15 is arranged below the defective falling hole of the feeding chute, and the defective fruit dividing plate is arranged obliquely. When the fruit is detected to be defective, the control center starts the cylinder push rod to pull the cover plate, open the cover plate, and the defective fruit passing therethrough falls into the defective fruit dividing plate through the defective falling hole, and enters the collecting device through the defective fruit dividing plate.

[0029] The working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0030] The fruit to be inspected is placed in the fruit hole on the conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt drives the fruit to move to the inspection point. The upper visual inspection camera at the inspection point collects images of the upper surface, left and right sides of the fruit, and the lower visual inspection camera collects images of the lower surface of the fruit, and transmits them to the control center. The control center is equipped with image data of fruits that meet the requirements and image data of defective fruits, and compares them. When the image data of the collected fruit is consistent with the image of the fruit that meets the requirements, the cylinder push rod is not started, and the conveying mechanism conveys the fruit to the unloading plate, and the unloading trough smoothly slides to the collection area that meets the requirements. If the image data of the fruit used is consistent with the image data of the defective fruit, the control center controls the cylinder push rod to start and pull the cover plate, so that the fruit that slides from the conveyor belt to the unloading trough automatically slides to the defective fruit unloading plate when passing through the defective fruit unloading hole, and then slides to the defective fruit collection area.

[0031] The present invention does not need manual operation in the whole process, and the screening work of defective fruits is controlled by the control center, that is, the PLC industrial computer, for automatic identification and by the PLC controlling the opening of the cylinder push rod.

[0032] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection, comprising a conveying mechanism (1), characterized in that: It also includes a visual inspection mechanism (2) and a classification execution mechanism (3), wherein the visual inspection mechanism is arranged on the conveying mechanism, and the classification execution mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism includes a conveyor belt (4) provided with a plurality of rows of fruit holes, the conveyor belt is arranged in a triangle and driven by a driving mechanism, the conveying mechanism is arranged on a conveying frame (5), the visual inspection mechanism includes an upper inspection mechanism (6) arranged above the conveyor belt and a lower inspection mechanism (7) arranged in the triangle of the conveyor belt, an upper visual inspection frame is arranged on the conveying frame, the upper inspection mechanism (6) includes an upper inspection camera (8) installed on the upper visual inspection frame, an upper linear array light source (10) and a plane reflector (9), wherein the upper inspection camera (8) is aimed at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, the upper linear array light source irradiates the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the plane reflector is a plurality of parallel arranged in a row, the plane reflector corresponds to one end of the fruit hole. , and the plane reflector has an angle α relative to the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism; a lower visual detection mechanism is arranged in the triangular cavity in the conveyor belt at the lower part of the conveying frame, and the lower visual detection mechanism (7) includes a lower detection camera (11) and a lower linear array light source (12) installed on the conveying frame, the lower detection camera is aimed upward at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the lower linear array light source is aimed upward at the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism, and the upper detection camera and the lower detection camera are both connected to the control center; the classification execution mechanism includes a feed plate (13), the feed plate is arranged on the feed plate frame, a plurality of feed troughs corresponding to the fruit holes are arranged on the feed plate, the tail of the feed trough is a discharge port, a defect drop hole is arranged on the feed trough, and a cover plate in the same plane as the bottom surface of the feed trough is hinged on the defect drop hole, the bottom surface of the cover plate is connected to a cylinder push rod (14), the other end of the cylinder push rod is fixed to the bottom of the feed plate, and the cylinder push rod is connected to the control center.

2. The fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are several rows of elliptical holes on the conveyor belt as fruit placement areas, and the upper linear array light source and the lower linear array light source are both strip light sources.

3. The fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plane reflector has an angle α of 50-90 degrees relative to the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism.

4. The fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The upper linear array light source and the lower linear array light source are both connected to the control center.

5. The fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection according to claim 1, characterized in that: A defective fruit dividing plate (15) is arranged below the defective falling hole of the material discharge chute.

6. The fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material discharge chute is arranged inclined.

7. The fruit surface defect detection system based on optical reflection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The defective fruit dividing plate is arranged tilted.

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