Display device

Abstract

The present application relates to a display device. The display device comprises a display panel displaying an image and a blood pressure measurement module comprising a pressure sensor and a pulse wave sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to sense a pressure applied to the display panel, the pulse wave sensor comprises an optical sensor, and the pulse wave sensor is configured to generate a pulse wave signal using light emitted from a pixel of the display panel.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0108654, filed on September 3, 2019, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to display devices, and more specifically to display devices having blood pressure measurement functionality. Background Technology

[0004] Display devices are devices that display images, and are used not only in televisions and monitors, but also in portable smartphones, tablet PCs, and so on. In the case of portable display devices, various functions are provided within them. Examples of these functions include cameras, fingerprint sensors, and so on.

[0005] Meanwhile, in recent years, with increased focus on the healthcare industry, methods have been developed to more conveniently obtain health-related biostatistics. For example, these methods include attempts to transform traditional blood pressure measurement devices using oscillometric methods into portable electronic devices. This is because electronic blood pressure measurement devices require their own independent light source, sensor, and display, and are inconvenient to carry around independently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One or more aspects of embodiments of this disclosure relate to a display device in which a blood pressure measurement module is integrated.

[0007] It should be noted that the purpose of this disclosure is not limited to the above-described purposes, and other purposes of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description.

[0008] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device includes: a display panel for displaying images; and a blood pressure measurement module including a pressure sensor and a pulse wave sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to sense pressure applied to the display panel, the pulse wave sensor includes an optical sensor, and the pulse wave sensor is configured to generate a pulse wave signal using light emitted from pixels of the display panel.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor and the optical sensor overlap with the display panel in the thickness direction.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor and the optical sensor overlap each other in the thickness direction.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical sensor is located below the display panel, and the pressure sensor is transparent and located between the display panel and the optical sensor.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical sensor is located below the display panel, and the pressure sensor is transparent and located above the display panel.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the display device includes a display area and a non-display area, and the pressure sensor and the optical sensor are located in the display area.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical sensor is located outside the display panel, and the pressure sensor overlaps with the display panel in the thickness direction.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical sensor overlaps with the pressure sensor.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical sensor does not overlap with the pressure sensor and is positioned horizontally at a distance of approximately 30 mm from the pressure sensor.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the blood pressure measurement module further includes a control section configured to measure blood pressure using a pressure signal sensed by a pressure sensor and a pulse wave signal received from a pulse wave sensor.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the blood pressure measurement module is configured to simultaneously measure blood pressure at multiple points above the display panel.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the display panel includes a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode, the common electrode including a light transmission opening, and an optical sensor overlapping the light transmission opening.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor includes a force sensor, a gap capacitor, or a strain gauge.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes a window component above the display panel.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the window component comprises glass having a thickness of about 0.2 mm or less, or a transparent polymer having a thickness of about 0.1 mm or less.

[0023] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, a display device includes: a display panel including a display area, the display area including a display light transmission area and a display-only area; a pressure sensor overlapping the display panel in the thickness direction; and an optical sensor disposed below the display panel and overlapping the display light transmission area of ​​the display panel, wherein the display light transmission area includes a plurality of first pixels and light transmission portions, the display-only area includes a plurality of second pixels, the light transmission portions have a transmittance higher than that of each of the first pixels and each of the second pixels, and the display light transmission area has a transmittance higher than that of the display-only area.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor overlaps with the optical sensor in the thickness direction, or is positioned in the horizontal direction at a distance of approximately 30 mm from the optical sensor.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor is transparent and located between the optical sensor and the display panel.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical sensor may use light emitted from pixels of the display panel.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the display panel includes a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode, each of the pixel electrodes being in a display light transmission region and a display-only region, the common electrode being on the entire surface of the display-only region, and the common electrode being in the region of the display light transmission region and defining a light transmission opening. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The above and other aspects and features of this disclosure will become clearer from the detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a blood pressure measurement module included in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0031] Figures 3 to 6 This is a schematic diagram of a pulse wave sensor according to one or more exemplary embodiments;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic perspective view illustrating the state of blood pressure measurement in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring blood pressure in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic perspective view illustrating the state of blood pressure measurement in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic layout of a pressure sensor according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0036] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of the pressure sensor;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic layout of a pressure sensor according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0038] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of the pressure sensor;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of a pressure sensor according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0040] Figure 15 This is a schematic layout of a pressure sensor according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0041] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0042] Figure 17 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0043] Figure 18 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0044] Figure 19 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0045] Figure 20 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0046] Figure 21 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0047] Figure 22This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0048] Figures 23 to 28 It is a layout of a display device according to one or more exemplary embodiments;

[0049] Figure 29 This is a perspective view of a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0050] Figure 30 This is a perspective view of a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0051] Figure 31 yes Figure 30 An exploded view of the display device;

[0052] Figure 32 This is a perspective view of a display device according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0053] Figure 33 It is shown Figure 32 A 3D view of the display device in a folded state;

[0054] Figure 34 It is a graph showing the relationship between pressure and resistance in a pressure sensor of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0055] Figure 35 This is a planar layout of the display area of ​​a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0056] Figure 36 yes Figure 35 A cross-sectional view of the display panel;

[0057] Figure 37 This is a circuit diagram of a pixel of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0058] Figure 38 This is a planar layout of the display light transmission area and the display-only area of ​​a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0059] Figure 39 This is a cross-sectional view showing the pixels and light-transmitting portions of a display panel according to some exemplary embodiments; and

[0060] Figure 40 This is a cross-sectional view of the pixels and light-transmitting portion of a display panel according to another exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The invention will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are illustrated. However, the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0062] As used in this article, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0063] It will be further understood that, when used in this specification, the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and / or “comprising” specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0064] As used in this article, when following a list of elements, expressions such as “at least one of…”, “one of…”, and “selected from…” modify the elements of the entire list but not individual elements within the list.

[0065] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items.

[0066] Furthermore, when describing embodiments of this disclosure, the word "may" is used to mean "one or more embodiments of this disclosure".

[0067] As used in this article, phrases such as “plan view” can refer to a view from the top or from a direction perpendicular to the display area (or display plane) of the display device.

[0068] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “bottom,” “top,” etc., may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another element (or feature) or feature (or feature) as shown in the figures. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures, spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, an element described as “below” other elements or features will subsequently be oriented “above” or “on top” of those other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both above and below orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptive terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0069] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as approximate terms rather than as terms of degree, and are intended to allow for inherent deviations in measurements or calculations that will be recognized by those skilled in the art.

[0070] Any numerical range described herein is intended to include all subranges with the same numerical precision contained within the described range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between the described minimum value of 1.0 and the described maximum value of 10.0 (inclusive), that is, a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit described herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit described herein is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to clearly describe any subranges contained within the range expressly described herein.

[0071] As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” can be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

[0072] It should also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "on" another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, or an intermediary layer may be present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, no intermediary element is present.

[0073] Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same elements, and redundant descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[0074] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It should also be understood that terms, such as those defined in common dictionaries, shall be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the relevant field and / or the context of this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0075] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0076] Reference Figure 1The display device 10 displays video or still images. The display device 10 may include a display panel DPN. Examples of display panel DPNs include self-emission display panels such as organic light-emitting display (OLED) panels, inorganic electroluminescent (EL) display panels, quantum dot light-emitting display (QLED) panels, micro-light-emitting display (microLED) panels, nano-LED panels, plasma display panels (PDP), field emission display (FED) panels, and cathode ray tube (CRT) display panels, as well as light-receiving display panels such as liquid crystal display (LCD) panels and electrophoretic display (EPD) panels. Hereinafter, OLED panels will be described as examples of display panel DPNs, and OLED panels applied to exemplary embodiments will be simply referred to as display panel DPNs unless specific classification is required. However, exemplary embodiments are not limited to OLED panels, and other suitable display panels listed above or known in the art may be applied.

[0077] Display device 10 may also include a touch component. The touch component may be integrated with the display panel DPN (e.g., it may be a monolithic structure integrated with the display panel DPN), or it may be configured as a panel separate from the display panel DPN. In addition to the display panel DPN and the touch component, display device 10 may also include sensors, various controllers, housings, and / or other components. Any suitable device including a display area DPA configured to display images or video may be interpreted as corresponding to display device 10, regardless of the device's primary purpose, any additional functions, name, and / or other aspects. Examples of display device 10 may include, but are not limited to, smartphones, mobile phones, tablet PCs, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), televisions, game consoles, wristwatch-type electronic devices, head-mounted displays, PC displays, laptops, car navigation systems, car dashboards, digital cameras, camcorders, external billboards, electronic signs, various medical devices, various examination equipment, various home appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines that include display sections, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc.

[0078] Display device 10 may include a display area DPA and a non-display area NDA. The display area DPA may be an effective area as a region where an image is displayed, and the non-display area NDA may be a non-effective area as a region where no image is displayed. The display area DPA may have a rectangular planar shape, but this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the display area DPA may have various planar shapes, such as square, rhomboid, circular, and elliptical shapes. The non-display area NDA may be disposed around the display area DPA. The non-display area NDA may completely or partially surround the display area DPA. Signal lines may be disposed in the non-display area NDA, through which signals are applied to the display area DPA or signals detected in the display area DPA are transmitted. The non-display area NDA, as a non-effective area, may correspond to the border area of ​​the display device 10. Although in the accompanying drawings (e.g., Figure 1 The non-display area NDA is shown as being disposed around all sides of the display area DPA having a rectangular shape, but this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the non-display area NDA may not be disposed around some sides of the display area DPA, or may be shown in a plan view as if the non-display area NDA is curved to the rear surface of the display area DPA and overlaps with the display area DPA in the thickness direction.

[0079] The display area DPA comprises multiple pixels PX. The pixels PX are arranged in a matrix. Each pixel PX may include an emission region (see, for example, see...). Figure 39 The emitting region is, for example, the area where an organic light-emitting layer is disposed to actually emit light, and the planar size of the emitting region can be smaller than the planar size of each of the pixels PX (see, for example, "EMA"). Figure 39 The “PX” and “EMA”). A region within each pixel PX where no luminescent material (i.e., an organic luminescent layer) is disposed can be defined as a non-emissive region (see, for example, see...). Figure 39 (NEA). The circuitry or lines configured to drive the pixel PX can be located in the non-emission area, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0080] Pixel PX may include a first color pixel, a second color pixel, and a third color pixel. The first color pixel may be a red pixel, the second color pixel may be a green pixel, and the third color pixel may be a blue pixel. In an exemplary embodiment, the arrangement of pixels PX may be a striped arrangement, in which pixels of the same color are arranged along a first direction (column extension direction), and red, green, and blue pixels are arranged alternately along a second direction (row extension direction) in the order of red, green, and blue pixels. However, the arrangement of pixels PX is not limited to the example shown. In an exemplary embodiment, the arrangement of pixels PX may be... ( (This is a registered trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd. of the Republic of Korea) [The text appears to be incomplete and contains several typographical errors. A more accurate translation would require the full context.] In the arrangement, each of the pixels PX is formed in a diamond shape, and the red and blue pixels are arranged radially around the green pixel. In an exemplary embodiment, in addition to the red, green, and blue pixels, the pixel PX may also include a white pixel.

[0081] In one exemplary embodiment, the display area DPA and / or the non-display area NDA may include a light-transmitting portion that provides a light-sensing path. A more detailed description of the light-transmitting portion follows.

[0082] The display device 10 may also include a pressure sensor PRS. The pressure sensor PRS may (e.g., in the thickness direction) at least partially overlap with the display area DPA. That is, the pressure sensor PRS may be at least partially disposed in the display area DPA.

[0083] As an example, the entire pressure sensor PRS can overlap with the display area DPA. As another example, a portion of the pressure sensor PRS can overlap with the display area DPA, while another portion can overlap with the non-display area NDA. In one exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor PRS can be disposed within the entire display area DPA of the display device 10, such that the entire display area DPA overlaps with the pressure sensor PRS. In another exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor PRS can be disposed only within a portion of the display device 10, such that a portion of the display area DPA does not overlap with the pressure sensor PRS.

[0084] Display device 10 may include a blood pressure measurement module using an optical sensor OPS and the aforementioned pressure sensor PRS. (Reference) Figure 2 A more detailed description of the blood pressure measurement module.

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a blood pressure measurement module included in a display device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0086] Reference Figure 2 The blood pressure measurement module (BPM) includes a pulse wave measurement section (PWMP), a pressure sensing section (PRSP), and a control section (CTLP).

[0087] The pressure sensing part of PRSP measurement is performed by the object OBJ (see Figure 3The pressure applied by the object OBJ is part of the human body and may include, but is not limited to, fingers, palms, wrists, toes, etc. To measure blood pressure, the display device 10 may require the object OBJ to be gradually pressurized (e.g., gradually increasing pressure) or gradually depressurized (e.g., gradually decreasing pressure) and / or maintained at a constant pressure. Here, the pressure sensing portion PRSP can determine whether pressure is applied and measure the magnitude of the pressure, the rate of change of pressure, etc. The pressure signal measured by the pressure sensing portion PRSP can be used to determine the effective time for measuring the pulse wave and to distinguish between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

[0088] The pressure sensing component (PRSP) may include a pressure sensor (PRS). Examples of applicable pressure sensors (PRS) may include force sensors, strain gauges, gap capacitors, etc. A more detailed description follows.

[0089] The pulse wave measurement section (PWMP) may include a pulse wave sensor. The pulse wave sensor may include a light source and an optical sensor that serves as a light receiving element. Figures 3 to 6 An example of a pulse wave sensor is shown in the image.

[0090] Figures 3 to 6 This is a schematic diagram of a pulse wave sensor according to one or more exemplary embodiments.

[0091] Reference Figures 3 to 6 The pulse wave sensor may include an optical sensor OPS (or light receiving element) that receives light reflected or scattered from the object OBJ. The optical sensor OPS may include, for example, a photodiode, phototransistor, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), or charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor. In one exemplary embodiment, the camera of the display device 10 may be used as (or employed as) the optical sensor OPS, but this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the optical sensor OPS, separate from the camera, may be configured to receive light reflected or scattered from the object OBJ.

[0092] The pulse wave sensor may also include a light source. The light source can provide inspection light. The wavelength of the inspection light can be infrared wavelength, visible light wavelength, visible red wavelength, visible green wavelength, visible blue wavelength, etc. The light source may include at least one of the following: light-emitting diode (LED), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), laser diode (LD), quantum dot (QD), phosphor, and natural light.

[0093] like Figure 3 As shown, light emitted from the pixel PX of the display area DPA can be used as inspection light, and in this case, the light source of the pulse wave sensor may include the pixel PX of the display panel DPN and / or the light-emitting layer included in the pixel PX. Figure 3In the case of the exemplary implementation, the structure of the display device 10 can be simplified by using the light-emitting layer of the display panel DPN as the light source instead of setting a separate light source.

[0094] In another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, external light can be used as the inspection light. In this case, the light source for the pulse wave sensor may include natural light and / or light in the area where the display device 10 is located.

[0095] In yet another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the light source providing the inspection light can be shared with a light source included in the proximity sensor PMS or another suitable sensor included in the display device 10.

[0096] In yet another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the pulse wave sensor of the display device 10 may also include an LED light source (LED) or an LD light source specifically for pulse wave measurement.

[0097] Reference Figure 2 The pulse wave measurement section of the PWMP uses a light source and a pulse wave sensor to measure the optical volumetric plethysmography (PPG) signal (hereinafter referred to as the "pulse wave signal") from the object OBJ. The PPG signal has a waveform that reflects changes in vascular volume at the peripheral portion according to the heartbeat. During the systolic phase of the heart (i.e., the phase of the heartbeat when the myocardium contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries), blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart is moved to the peripheral tissues, resulting in an increase in blood volume at the arterial side. Furthermore, during the systolic phase of the heart, red blood cells carry more oxygenated hemoglobin to the peripheral tissues. During the diastolic phase of the heart (i.e., the phase of the heartbeat when the myocardium relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood), blood is partially drawn from or fills the heart from the peripheral tissues. When light shines on the peripheral blood vessels, the irradiated light is absorbed by the peripheral tissues. Here, the light absorption rate depends on the hematocrit (i.e., the ratio of red blood cell volume to total blood volume) and the blood volume. Light absorption rate has a maximum during the systolic phase of the heart and a minimum during the diastolic phase. The pulse wave signal reflects this maximum and minimum light absorption rate. Furthermore, the pulse wave signal exhibits oscillations or fluctuations according to the heartbeat cycle. Therefore, the pulse wave signal can reflect changes in blood pressure according to the heartbeat and can thus be used for blood pressure measurement.

[0098] The control section CTLP can be configured by a computationally capable device, such as a microprocessor. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the control section CTLP includes a computationally capable device, such as a microprocessor. The control section CTLP can measure blood pressure using a pressure signal sensed by the pressure sensing section PRSP and a pulse wave signal received by the pulse wave measurement section PWMP.

[0099] For example, during the process of a user touching display device 10 with his or her finger and then removing the finger from display device 10, the pressure applied to pressure sensor PRS (contact pressure) changes (i.e., the pressure gradually increases to a maximum value and then gradually decreases). When the contact pressure increases, blood vessels may constrict, resulting in reduced or zero blood flow. When the contact pressure decreases, blood vessels may dilate, resulting in increased or greater than zero blood flow (i.e., causing blood to flow again). When the contact pressure decreases further, the blood flow becomes even greater. Because the amount of light absorbed by the pulse wave sensor is proportional to the change in blood flow, and the amount of light absorbed by the finger is subtracted from the amount of transmitted light detected (or received) by the pulse wave sensor, the change in the amount of transmitted light reflects the change in blood flow. Therefore, the pulse wave sensor can detect changes in blood volume synchronized with the heartbeat by measuring the amount of light, and thus, the control section CTLP can estimate the blood pressure of a portion of the subject based on the time difference between the time point corresponding to the peak of the detected pulse wave signal and the time point corresponding to the peak of the filtered pulse wave. In estimated blood pressure, the blood pressure with the largest amplitude can be estimated as systolic blood pressure, and the blood pressure with the smallest amplitude can be estimated as diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, other types of blood pressure (e.g., other types of data), such as average blood pressure, can be estimated or calculated using estimated, measured, or determined blood pressure.

[0100] Figure 7 This is a schematic perspective view illustrating the state of blood pressure measurement in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring blood pressure in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0101] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 When a touch event occurs, the display device 10 recognizes the touch event. When the test subject uses a part of his or her body (e.g., Figure 7 A touch event can occur when the object OBJ shown touches a point SER on the display device 10. The touch event can be recognized by the touch component and / or pressure sensor PRS of the display device 10.

[0102] Touch events can be applied publicly in either touch mode or blood pressure measurement mode (or occur publicly during either touch mode or blood pressure measurement mode). Therefore, the display device 10 can be preset to drive touch events in either touch mode or blood pressure measurement mode. For example, a user who wants to measure his or her blood pressure can preset the subsequent touch event to blood pressure measurement mode by setting the operating mode of the display device 10 to blood pressure measurement mode before the user inputs a touch (e.g., touches the display device 10 with an object OBJ).

[0103] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the display device 10 can automatically switch to a blood pressure measurement mode by knowing the location and pressure of a touch event, without requiring a separate mode determination operation by the user (e.g., no input from the user is required). For example, when the location of the touch event is unrelated to the blood pressure measurement location (e.g., a location of the display device 10 that cannot be used as a blood pressure measurement location or is not intended to measure blood pressure), the display device 10 can operate in touch mode, and when the location of the touch event is unrelated to touch input (e.g., a location of the display device 10 that is intended to be used solely as a blood pressure measurement location) and corresponds to the blood pressure measurement location, the display device 10 can operate in blood pressure measurement mode. Furthermore, when the location of the touch event corresponds to both the touch input and the blood pressure measurement location (e.g., the touch input and the blood pressure measurement location are the same location), the display device 10 can automatically switch to blood pressure measurement mode by receiving a pressure analysis (e.g., measuring the properties of the applied pressure, such as the duration and / or force of the pressure applied) from the pressure sensor PRS after waiting for an operating mode to be selected (e.g., before the user has selected an operating mode). In one or more exemplary embodiments, the display device 10 may switch to blood pressure measurement mode after a set duration of pressure and / or a certain amount of force has been applied, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, those skilled in the art will understand that any suitable triggering mechanism based on any attribute of pressure or duration may be used.

[0104] Next, as the user gradually increases and then gradually decreases the contact pressure, the pressure sensor PRS measures the pressure change during the corresponding process, while the pulse wave sensor collects optical information sensed by light reflected or scattered by the object OBJ.

[0105] Subsequently, the control unit CTLP generates a pulse wave signal based on the pressure change obtained from the pressure sensor PRS and the sensed light information obtained from the pulse wave sensor, and extracts the blood pressure based on the pulse wave signal. The measured blood pressure can be displayed on the display area DPA of the display device 10.

[0106] The blood pressure measurement module BPM and the method for measuring blood pressure described above are merely exemplary, and various other methods are disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2018-0076050 published on July 5, 2018, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0049280 published on May 10, 2017, and Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0040527 published on April 19, 2019. The entire contents disclosed in each of the above patent publications are incorporated herein by reference as if they were fully disclosed in this specification.

[0107] Figure 9 This is a schematic perspective view illustrating the state of blood pressure measurement in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment. Figure 9 An exemplary implementation shows that the display device 10 can perform multiple blood pressure measurements in parallel (e.g., simultaneously).

[0108] Reference Figure 9 The display device 10 can measure blood pressure at two or more points SER. That is, the display device 10 can perform multiple blood pressure measurements. In one exemplary embodiment, a pressure sensor PRS and an optical sensor OPS can be respectively provided on each of the multiple points SER. In another exemplary embodiment, blood pressure can be measured by having a pressure sensor PRS and an optical sensor OPS cover a wide area, and blood pressure can be measured by sensing pressure and pulse wave signals at multiple points SER within the corresponding area. In this case, the points in which multiple touch events are generated can be configured by a touch component and / or the pressure sensor PRS. In one or more exemplary embodiments, a pressure sensor PRS and an optical sensor OPS covering a wide area can be distinguished among multiple points SER within the corresponding area to perform multiple blood pressure measurements in parallel (e.g., simultaneously).

[0109] For example, multiple blood pressure measurements can be performed on different fingers of the same user. For instance, the right and left fingers of the object OBJ can touch the touch element and / or pressure sensor PRS of the display device 10 in parallel (e.g., simultaneously) (e.g., at two or more points SER), and the pulse wave signal of each corresponding finger can be measured. Furthermore, the pulse wave signals of multiple fingers of one hand can also be measured. For example, as... Figure 9As shown, all fingers of a hand can touch the touch component and / or pressure sensor PRS of the display device 10, and pulse wave signals can be measured from each finger touching the touch component and / or pressure sensor PRS of the display device 10. As described above, when multiple blood pressure measurements are obtained from the same user, the results can be averaged to estimate and output the average systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure, or the blood pressure can be divided and estimated for each segment.

[0110] Multiple blood pressure measurements can be used to measure the blood pressure of multiple users' fingers in parallel (e.g., simultaneously). In this case, the blood pressure measured for each user can be distinguished and output.

[0111] The structure of the pressure sensor PRS according to one or more exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail below.

[0112] Figure 10 This is a schematic layout of a pressure sensor according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of a pressure sensor. Figure 10 and Figure 11 The structure of a force sensor, as an example of a pressure sensor according to one or more exemplary embodiments, is shown exemplarily.

[0113] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 11 The pressure sensor may include a first electrode SE1, a second electrode SE2, and a pressure sensing layer 30 disposed between the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2.

[0114] Each of the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 can be made of a conductive material. For example, each of the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 can be made of a metal such as silver (Ag) or copper (Cu), a transparent conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) or indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, etc. One of the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 can be a driving electrode, and the other can be a sensing electrode.

[0115] The pressure sensing layer 30 may include a pressure-sensitive material. The pressure-sensitive material may include metal nanoparticles such as nickel, aluminum, tin, and copper, and / or carbon. The pressure-sensitive material may be disposed in the form of particles within a polymer resin, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. The pressure-sensitive material of the pressure sensing layer 30 exhibits low resistance as the pressure applied thereto increases, and therefore can sense whether pressure is applied and the magnitude of the pressure can be sensed by measuring the resistance of the pressure sensing layer 30 via the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2. The pressure sensing layer 30 may be formed as transparent or opaque.

[0116] In one or more exemplary embodiments, a plurality of first electrodes SE1 may be arranged in a linear configuration, and a plurality of second electrodes SE2 may be arranged in a linear configuration. For example, the plurality of first electrodes SE1 may extend in a first direction D1 while being parallel to each other, and the plurality of second electrodes SE2 may extend in a second direction D2 intersecting the first direction D1. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the second direction D2 is perpendicular to or orthogonal to the first direction D1. The plurality of first electrodes SE1 and the plurality of second electrodes SE2 have multiple overlapping regions at the portions where the plurality of first electrodes SE1 and the plurality of second electrodes SE2 overlap (or intersect) with each other (e.g., as shown in the figure). Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown in the implementation (e.g., the overlapping regions can have a matrix arrangement). Figure 10 (As shown in the implementation). Each of the overlapping regions can be a pressure sensing unit. That is, the pressure sensing layer 30 can be disposed in each of the overlapping regions, so that pressure sensing can be performed at the corresponding location.

[0117] In one exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor may include two sensor substrates facing each other. Each of the sensor substrates may include substrate 21 or 22. Each of the first substrate 21 of the first sensor substrate and the second substrate 22 of the second sensor substrate may include a polyethylene-based material, a polyimide-based material, a polycarbonate-based material, a polysulfone-based material, a polyacrylate-based material, a polystyrene-based material, a polyvinyl chloride-based material, a polyvinyl alcohol-based material, a polynorbornene-based material, and / or a polyester-based material. In one exemplary embodiment, the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 may be composed of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film or a polyimide film.

[0118] The first electrode SE1, the second electrode SE2, and the pressure sensing layer 30 may be included in the first sensor substrate or the second sensor substrate. For example, the first electrode SE1 and the pressure sensing layer 30 may be included in the first sensor substrate, and the second electrode SE2 may be included in the second sensor substrate. The first electrode SE1 may be disposed on or on a surface of the first substrate 21 facing the second substrate 22. The second electrode SE2 may be disposed on or on a surface of the second substrate 22 facing the first substrate 21. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 are disposed in different layers (e.g., the first electrode SE1 is disposed in a layer below the second electrode SE2). In one or more exemplary embodiments, the pressure sensing layer 30 may be disposed on the second electrode SE2. The first sensor substrate and the second sensor substrate may be connected to each other using a connection layer 40. The connection layer 40 may be disposed along the edge of each sensor substrate, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. In one or more exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, the connection layer 40 is spaced apart from the pressure sensing layer 30, the first electrode SE1 and / or the second electrode SE2.

[0119] In another exemplary embodiment, the first electrode SE1, the second electrode SE2, and the pressure sensing layer 30 may be contained in a sensor substrate. For example, the first electrode SE1 may be disposed on a surface of the first substrate 21, the pressure sensing layer 30 may be disposed on the first electrode SE1, and the second electrode SE2 may be disposed on the pressure sensing layer 30.

[0120] Pressure sensors, including the aforementioned force sensor, can be formed as transparent or opaque. In the case of a transparent pressure sensor, it is obvious that the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are made of transparent material, and similarly, the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 can be made of transparent conductive material, and the pressure sensing layer 30 can be made of transparent material. In the case of an opaque pressure sensor, the electrode or pressure-sensitive material can be selected from a variety of materials, regardless of transparency (i.e., the material can be opaque, transparent, or have a certain degree of transparency between opaque and transparent).

[0121] Figure 12 This is a schematic layout of a pressure sensor according to another exemplary embodiment. Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of a pressure sensor. Figure 12 and Figure 13 Another structure of a force sensor according to one or more exemplary embodiments is shown as an example.

[0122] Reference Figure 12 and Figure 13 The pressure sensor and reference according to the exemplary embodiment shown Figure 10 and Figure 11 The difference in the pressure sensor of the described exemplary embodiment is that the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 are disposed on the same layer. Specifically, for example, the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 are disposed on one surface of the first substrate 21. The first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 are disposed adjacent to each other. The first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 may each include multiple branch portions and may have the form of a comb-shaped electrode in which the branch portions are arranged alternately. The pressure sensing layer 30 is formed on the second substrate 22 and disposed above the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2.

[0123] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 do not overlap each other in the thickness direction, but are arranged to be adjacent to each other in the planar view (e.g., as shown in the figure). Figure 13 (As shown in the embodiment). When pressure is applied, current can flow between the adjacent first electrode SE1 and second electrode SE2 through the pressure sensing layer 30 above the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2. The above structure can be advantageous for measuring shear stress.

[0124] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of a pressure sensor according to yet another exemplary embodiment. Figure 14 An example of a gap capacitor as a pressure sensor is shown.

[0125] Reference Figure 14 The pressure sensor according to the illustrated exemplary embodiment may include a first electrode SE1, a second electrode SE2, and a dielectric constant changing material layer 31 disposed between the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2. Except for the dielectric constant changing material layer 31 being disposed between the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 instead of a pressure sensing layer 30, the pressure sensor according to the illustrated exemplary embodiment may have the same characteristics as described in the reference... Figure 10 and Figure 11 The pressure sensors described in the exemplary embodiments are substantially similar in structure.

[0126] The dielectric constant changing material layer 31 is a material whose dielectric constant changes according to the applied pressure, and various materials known in the art can be used. Because the dielectric constant of the dielectric constant changing material layer 31 changes according to the applied pressure, the magnitude of the applied pressure can be measured by measuring the capacitance between the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2.

[0127] The pressure sensor, including the aforementioned gap capacitor, can be formed as transparent or opaque. In the case of a transparent pressure sensor, the first electrode SE1 and the second electrode SE2 can be made of a transparent conductive material, and the dielectric constant changing material layer 31 can also be made of a transparent material. In the case of an opaque pressure sensor, the electrodes or the dielectric constant changing material can be selected from a variety of materials, regardless of transparency (i.e., the material can be opaque, transparent, or have a certain degree of transparency between opaque and transparent).

[0128] Figure 15 This is a schematic layout of a pressure sensor according to yet another exemplary embodiment. Figure 15 A strain gauge is shown as an example of a pressure sensor.

[0129] Reference Figure 15 The pressure sensor may include a strain sensing electrode SE_STR. The strain sensing electrode SE_STR may be formed from a first substrate (e.g., Figure 11 The pattern of the conductive layer on the "21" in the figure is formed. An insulating film or a second substrate (e.g., see...) Figure 11 The “22” can be set on the strain sensing electrode SE_STR, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0130] The shape of the strain sensing electrode SE_STR changes with the pressure applied to it. As the shape of the strain sensing electrode SE_STR changes, its resistance also changes. Therefore, the magnitude of the pressure can be measured by measuring the resistance across the strain sensing electrode SE_STR.

[0131] To maximize or increase the resistance value according to pressure changes, the strain sensing electrode SE_STR in a planar diagram can have a coiled shape including multiple curved sections. For example, as... Figure 15As shown, the strain sensing electrode SE_STR can have a tornado shape in which the strain sensing electrode SE_STR extends to one side of a first direction D1 and bends to extend to the other side of a second direction D2, and is then bent again to extend to the other side of the first direction D1 and again to extend to one side of the second direction D2, and this process is repeated. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the strain sensing electrode SE_STR includes a continuous electrode comprising a plurality of straight portions attached to each other by one or more corner portions, wherein each of the plurality of straight portions is parallel or substantially parallel to another of the plurality of straight portions. In one or more exemplary embodiments, each of the plurality of straight portions extends generally in the first direction D1 or the second direction D2, wherein the first direction D1 is perpendicular to or orthogonal to the second direction D2. As another example, the strain sensing electrode SE_STR can have a zigzag shape. However, it should be understood that the planar shape of the strain sensing electrode SE_STR is not limited to the shape shown in the figures and can be appropriately modified in various ways as understood by those skilled in the art.

[0132] Pressure sensors, including the aforementioned strain gauges, can be made transparent, opaque, or have a certain degree of transparency between opaque and transparent. In the case of a transparent pressure sensor, the strain sensing electrode SE_STR can be made of a transparent conductive material, and in the case of an opaque pressure sensor, the material of the strain sensing electrode SE_STR can be selected from various materials regardless of transparency (i.e., the material can be opaque, transparent, or have a certain degree of transparency between opaque and transparent).

[0133] The following sections will describe in more detail the various arrangement relationships between the display panel DPN and the sensors PRS and OPS in the display device.

[0134] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0135] Reference Figure 16 The display device may include a display panel DPN, a pressure sensor PRS disposed above the display panel DPN, a window element WD disposed above the pressure sensor PRS, and an optical sensor OPS disposed below the display panel DPN. The display panel DPN, pressure sensor PRS, window element WD, and optical sensor OPS may overlap each other in their thickness direction. Figure 16The exemplary embodiments show a display panel DPN, pressure sensor PRS, window member WD, and optical sensor OPS having the same width, their side surfaces aligned with each other, and their entire surfaces overlapping each other. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and in one or more exemplary embodiments, in a plan view, some members may protrude from the side surfaces of other members.

[0136] The light emission direction of the display panel DPN can be upward. The window element WD is positioned above the display panel DPN, where the display surface of the display panel DPN faces. The window element WD can be made of a transparent material such as glass, film, or ultra-thin glass, or a transparent polymer such as transparent polyimide.

[0137] The pressure sensor PRS can be disposed between the display panel DPN and the window member WD. The pressure sensor PRS can be at least partially disposed within the display area DPA. In this case, to avoid interfering with the light output from the display panel DPN, a transparent pressure sensor can be used as the pressure sensor PRS. As described above, a transparent pressure sensor can be achieved by forming all of the electrodes, sensitive materials, and modified materials constituting the pressure sensor PRS using a transparent material.

[0138] An optical sensor (OPS) is positioned below the display panel (DPN). The OPS may be at least partially located within the display area (DPA). The OPS receives light reflected from an object (OBJ) on the window member (WD). Therefore, a light-sensing path needs to be ensured in the section from the window member (WD) to the OPS, and the display panel (DPN) positioned in the middle of the light-sensing path, in addition to the window member (WD) and the pressure sensor (PRS), may also include a light-transmitting portion (e.g., see [reference]). Figure 36 The light-transmitting portion of the display panel's DPN can be displayed through the light-transmitting area (e.g., see "TA"). Figure 35 This is achieved using "DPA_T" in the display panel. The detailed structure of the DPN forming the display light transmission area will be described below.

[0139] Figure 17 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0140] Reference Figure 17 The display device according to the exemplary embodiment shown and the reference Figure 16 The difference in the display device of the exemplary embodiment is that the pressure sensor PRS is disposed between the display panel DPN and the optical sensor OPS.

[0141] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the window component WD is disposed (e.g., directly disposed) on the display panel DPN. The pressure sensor PRS is disposed below the display panel DPN. The optical sensor OPS is disposed below the pressure sensor PRS. The optical sensor OPS and the pressure sensor PRS may be at least partially disposed within the display area DPA.

[0142] The optical sensor OPS receives light reflected from the object OBJ on the window member WD. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, because the optical sensor OPS is located at the relatively lowest portion, the display panel DPN and the pressure sensor PRS can be positioned on the light sensing path leading to the optical sensor OPS. Therefore, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a display panel DPN including a light-transmitting portion and a transparent pressure sensor PRS can be applied.

[0143] Figure 18 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment.

[0144] Reference Figure 18 The display device according to the exemplary embodiment shown and the reference Figure 17 The difference in the display device described in the exemplary embodiment is that the optical sensor OPS is disposed below the display panel DPN, and the pressure sensor PRS is disposed below the optical sensor OPS.

[0145] Specifically, the optical sensor OPS and the pressure sensor PRS are sequentially disposed below the display panel DPN. For example, the optical sensor OPS is disposed between the display panel DPN and the pressure sensor PRS. The optical sensor OPS receives light reflected from the object OBJ on the window member WD, and the display panel DPN, placed on the light sensing path, may include a light transmission portion. Meanwhile, the pressure sensor PRS is disposed below the optical sensor OPS and is not disposed on the light output path of the display panel DPN or the light sensing path of the optical sensor OPS. Therefore, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, an opaque pressure sensor PRS can be applied. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and even in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a transparent pressure sensor PRS can be applied.

[0146] Figure 19 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment.

[0147] Reference Figure 19The display device according to the exemplary embodiment shown illustrates that the display panel DPN and the optical sensor OPS can not overlap each other in the thickness direction.

[0148] Specifically, the optical sensor OPS is located outside the display panel DPN. Due to the stacked structure (e.g., as Figure 19 As shown in the embodiment, the optical sensor OPS and the display panel DPN can be disposed on or at substantially the same layer, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. The pressure sensor PRS and the window member WD are sequentially disposed above the display panel DPN and the optical sensor OPS. Each of the pressure sensor PRS and the window member WD overlaps with the display panel DPN and the optical sensor OPS in the thickness direction. The pressure sensor PRS may include a first region and a second region, in which the pressure sensor PRS overlaps with the display panel DPN, and in the second region, the pressure sensor PRS overlaps with the optical sensor OPS. The first and second regions of the pressure sensor PRS can (e.g., in a...) Figure 19 In the embodiment shown, the regions (in the thickness direction) do not overlap with each other. The first region of the pressure sensor PRS can be formed as transparent so as not to interfere with the light output from the display panel DPN, and the second region of the pressure sensor PRS can be placed on the light sensing path for the optical sensor OPS sensing light, and therefore can be formed as transparent. Therefore, a completely transparent pressure sensor PRS including the first region and the second region can be used as the pressure sensor PRS.

[0149] Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment shown, because the display panel DPN does not overlap with the optical sensor OPS in the thickness direction, the display panel DPN is not placed on the light sensing path of the optical sensor OPS. Therefore, the display panel DPN may not include a separate light transmission portion for light sensing.

[0150] Figure 20 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0151] Reference Figure 20 The display device according to the exemplary embodiment shown and the reference Figure 19 The display device described in the exemplary embodiment is similar to that described above, wherein the optical sensor OPS is disposed outside the display panel DPN, but unlike the reference... Figure 19 The difference in the described exemplary embodiment of the display device is that the pressure sensor PRS is positioned below the optical sensor OPS and the display panel DPN. The window component WD is positioned above the optical sensor OPS and the display panel DPN.

[0152] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor PRS is not positioned on the light output path of the display panel DPN or the light sensing path of the optical sensor OPS. Light output from the display panel DPN can be emitted to the outside through the window member WD. Furthermore, sensing light reflected from the window member WD can reach the optical sensor OPS through the window member WD. Therefore, the display panel DPN does not need to include a light transmission portion to ensure the light sensing path. Moreover, the pressure sensor PRS is positioned at a relatively low position in the display device and is therefore not located on the light output path of the display panel DPN or the light sensing path of the optical sensor OPS. Therefore, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, an opaque pressure sensor PRS can be applied.

[0153] Figure 21 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0154] Reference Figure 21 The display device according to the exemplary embodiment shown and the reference Figure 20 The display device described in the exemplary embodiment is similar, wherein the optical sensor OPS is disposed outside the display panel DPN and the pressure sensor PRS is disposed below the display panel DPN, but unlike the reference... Figure 20 The difference in the display device described in the exemplary embodiment is that the pressure sensor PRS does not overlap with the optical sensor OPS in the thickness direction.

[0155] As described above, in order to use a pressure sensor PRS and an optical sensor OPS in a blood pressure measurement module, it is desirable to sense the light reflected from the object OBJ when the pressure of the object OBJ is detected. To accurately sense the pressure of the object OBJ, the pressure sensor PRS can be positioned close to the touch point of the object OBJ. When the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS overlap each other in the thickness direction, the pressure at the touch point can be easily measured, and even if the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS do not overlap each other, effective pressure information can be obtained when the pressure sensor PRS is positioned within a distance of approximately 50 mm, preferably approximately 30 mm, in the horizontal direction relative to the optical sensor OPS. Therefore, as... Figure 21 As shown, by arranging the optical sensor OPS and the pressure sensor PRS in a non-overlapping manner, and adjusting the horizontal spacing between the optical sensor OPS and the pressure sensor PRS to within approximately 50 mm or approximately 30 mm, the sensors PRS and OPS can be used in a blood pressure measurement module.

[0156] Figure 22This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the stacking relationship between a display panel and a sensor in a display device according to another exemplary embodiment. Figure 22 This illustrates a scenario where the touch component TSP is configured as a separate component rather than being installed as part of the display panel DPN.

[0157] Reference Figure 22 The touch component TSP is positioned above the display panel DPN, the pressure sensor PRS is positioned above the touch component TSP, and the window component WD is positioned above the pressure sensor PRS. The touch component TSP can be configured as a rigid panel, a flexible panel, or a membrane type. The optical sensor OPS is positioned below the display panel DPN. The exemplary embodiment shown is in conjunction with the reference. Figure 16 The difference in the described exemplary embodiments is that the touch component TSP is disposed between the display panel DPN and the pressure sensor PRS. In one or more exemplary embodiments, compared with the illustrated Figure 22 Unlike the exemplary implementation, the pressure sensor PRS can be disposed on the display panel DPN, and the touch component TSP can be disposed above the pressure sensor PRS. Furthermore, refer to... Figures 17 to 21 The exemplary embodiments described can also be modified to have a structure where the touch component TSP is disposed between the display panel DPN and the window component WD, as shown in the exemplary embodiments illustrated. Figure 19 In the exemplary embodiments described, the touch component TSP can be positioned above or below the pressure sensor PRS.

[0158] Figures 23 to 28 It is a layout of a display device according to one or more exemplary embodiments. Figures 23 to 28 Various planar arrangements of the applicable display panel DPN and sensors PRS and OPS are shown.

[0159] Reference Figures 23 to 28 The pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS can have various planar arrangements (e.g., arrangements in a plan view) relative to the display panel DPN in the display device.

[0160] For example, such as Figure 23 As shown, each of the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS can have substantially the same dimensions as the display panel DPN in a plan view, and can overlap each other (e.g., in the thickness direction). (See above reference.) Figures 16 to 18The exemplary embodiments described may have this planar arrangement, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS may completely cover the display area DPA of the display panel DPN, but may protrude or recess from each other in the non-display area NDA in a plan view. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the pressure sensor PRS and / or the optical sensor OPS overlap throughout the display area DPA, but may not overlap throughout the non-display area NDA.

[0161] As another example, such as Figure 24 As shown in the figure, the pressure sensor PRS in the plan view can have a size substantially equal to that of the display panel DPN, but the optical sensor OPS can be configured to overlap only with some areas of the display panel DPN. For example, as shown in the figure, the optical sensor OPS can be configured to overlap with some areas of the display area DPA of the display panel DPN, or with some areas of the non-display area NDA. When compared with the reference... Figures 16 to 18 When the display panel DPN or pressure sensor PRS in the exemplary embodiments described has a relatively small (or smaller) size in a plan view compared to the optical sensor OPS, reference is made. Figures 16 to 18 The exemplary implementations described may have the same characteristics as... Figure 24 Same floor plan.

[0162] As yet another example, such as Figure 25 As shown in the figure, the optical sensor OPS has a size substantially equal to that of the display panel DPN in the plan view, but the pressure sensor PRS is smaller than the size of the display panel DPN and is configured to overlap only with some areas of the display panel DPN. In one or more exemplary embodiments, as shown in the figures, the pressure sensor PRS may be configured to overlap with some areas of the display area DPA of the display panel DPN or with some areas of the non-display area NDA. When compared with reference to... Figures 16 to 18 When the display panel DPN or optical sensor OPS in the exemplary embodiments described has a relatively small size compared to the pressure sensor PRS, refer to Figures 16 to 18 The exemplary implementations described may have the same characteristics as... Figure 25 Same floor plan.

[0163] As another example, such as Figure 26As shown in the figures, the pressure sensor PRS and optical sensor OPS can be smaller than the size of the display panel DPN, and can be configured to overlap only with certain areas of the display panel DPN. In one or more exemplary embodiments, as shown in the figures, the pressure sensor PRS and optical sensor OPS can be configured to overlap with certain areas of the display area DPA of the display panel DPN or with certain areas of the non-display area NDA. Figure 26 In the diagram, the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS are shown as having the same dimensions (e.g., the same dimensions in a plan view) and completely overlapping each other; however, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and either of them may be larger than the other. When compared with reference to... Figures 16 to 18 When the display panel DPN in the exemplary embodiment described has a relatively small size compared to the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS, refer to Figures 16 to 18 The exemplary implementations described may have the same characteristics as... Figure 26 Same floor plan.

[0164] As another example, such as Figure 27 As shown, the optical sensor OPS can be positioned on the outer side of one side of the display panel DPN, and can be positioned without overlapping the display panel DPN, while the pressure sensor PRS can be positioned to cover both the display panel DPN and the optical sensor OPS. (See reference...) Figure 19 and Figure 20 The exemplary embodiments described may have such a planar arrangement.

[0165] As another example, such as Figure 28 As shown, the pressure sensor PRS in the plan view can have a size substantially equal to that of the display panel DPN, and the optical sensor OPS can be positioned along one side of the display panel DPN without overlapping with the display panel DPN and the pressure sensor PRS. (See reference...) Figure 21 The exemplary embodiments described may have such a planar arrangement. In the case of the exemplary embodiment shown, the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS do not overlap each other; however, as described above, by positioning the optical sensor OPS at a distance of about 50 mm or less, and preferably about 30 mm or less, from the pressure sensor PRS, effective pressure information for blood pressure measurement can be obtained.

[0166] Figure 29 This is a perspective view of a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 29 It illustrates that some edges of a display device according to the illustrated exemplary embodiment may have curved surfaces.

[0167] Reference Figure 29The long edge of the display device may have a curved surface that convexly curves in the rear surface direction. The edge with the curved surface (hereinafter referred to as the curved edge CEG) may include a display area DPA, but at least some areas of the curved edge CEG may include a non-display area NDA. In some exemplary embodiments, a pressure sensor PRS may be configured to overlap with the curved edge CEG. The pressure sensor PRS may not overlap with the flat surface portion FLT of the display device, or it may be configured only near the boundary between the curved edge CEG and the flat surface portion FLT. An optical sensor OPS is configured to overlap with or be adjacent to the pressure sensor PRS. Specifically, the optical sensor OPS may overlap with the curved edge CEG, or it may be positioned at a distance of approximately 50 mm or approximately 30 mm from the boundary between the curved edge CEG and the flat surface portion FLT.

[0168] Figure 30 This is a perspective view of a display device according to yet another exemplary embodiment. Figure 31 yes Figure 30 An exploded view of the display device. (Refer to...) Figure 30 and Figure 31 The exemplary embodiments described illustrate that the display device can be used as a stereoscopic display device.

[0169] Reference Figure 30 and Figure 31 The display device may include multiple display surfaces DPS1, DPS2, DPS3, DPS4, and DPS5 located on different planes. In a display device with a rectangular cuboid shape, the first display surface DPS1 may be disposed on one surface (the upper surface) of the display device, the second display surface DPS2 and the third display surface DPS3 may be disposed on the side surfaces of the display device respectively adjacent to the long side of the display device, and the fourth display surface DPS4 and the fifth display surface DPS5 may be disposed on the side surfaces of the display device respectively adjacent to the short side of the display device. In an exemplary embodiment, the first display surface DPS1 is a flat surface, and the second display surfaces DPS2 to the fifth display surfaces DPS5 have flat surfaces perpendicular to the first display surface DPS1. However, this disclosure is not limited to this, and the second display surfaces DPS2 to the fifth display surfaces DPS5 may have angles different from the angle perpendicular to the first display surface DPS1, or may have angles such as... Figure 29 The curved edge of the CEG has a curved surface shape.

[0170] The pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS can be arranged differently in the display device in a suitable manner. As a non-limiting example specifically for a stereoscopic display device, the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS can be arranged adjacent to at least one of the second display surfaces DPS2 to the fifth display surfaces DPS5. In this case, the pressure sensor PRS and the optical sensor OPS can be arranged facing the side surface of the display device.

[0171] Figure 32 This is a perspective view of a display device according to another exemplary embodiment. Figure 33 It is shown Figure 32 A 3D view of the display device in a folded state. Figure 32 and Figure 33 The display device shown can be a foldable display device. As used in this specification, the term "foldable display device" refers to a display device capable of being folded and is interpreted to include devices capable of having both a folded state and an unfolded state, as well as devices in a fixed folded state. Furthermore, a folded state typically includes folding at an angle of approximately 180°, but this disclosure is not limited to this, and the state can be understood as folded even when the folding angle is greater than or less than 180°, for example, a folding angle greater than 90° and less than 180° or greater than 120° and less than 180°. Additionally, when the display device is in a state bent away from the unfolded state, it can be referred to as a folded state even when the fold is not fully executed. For example, when the maximum folding angle is 90° or greater, this can be represented as being in a folded state to distinguish it from the unfolded state, even when the display device is bent at an angle of 90° or less. When folded, the radius of curvature can be approximately 5 mm or less, and preferably, the radius of curvature can be in the range of approximately 1 mm to approximately 2 mm, or the radius of curvature can be approximately 1.5 mm, but this disclosure is not limited to this.

[0172] Reference Figure 32 and Figure 33 The display device can be folded based on a folding line FDA (or folding axis). The folding line FDA can have a straight line shape extending in one direction in a plan view. Although the accompanying drawings show the folding line FDA extending parallel to the short side of the display device, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the folding line FDA can be parallel to the long side of the display device, or can be inclined relative to both the short and long sides.

[0173] In one exemplary embodiment, the fold lines FDA of the display device can be fixed at a specific location. One or more fold lines FDA can be provided at specific locations in the display device. In another exemplary embodiment, the location of the fold lines FDA in the display device is not specified, and the location of the fold lines FDA can be freely set in various suitable areas.

[0174] The display device can be divided into a first non-folding region NFA1 and a second non-folding region NFA2 based on a fold line FDA. The first non-folding region NFA1 can be located on one side of the fold line FDA, and the second non-folding region NFA2 can be located on the other side of the fold line FDA. When the fold line FDA is fixed in a specific position, the first non-folding region NFA1 and the second non-folding region NFA2 can be designated as areas where no folding is performed. The designated first non-folding region NFA1 and the second non-folding region NFA2 can have the same width, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. When the fold line FDA is not designated, the first non-folding region NFA1 and the second non-folding region NFA2 can have different areas depending on the location where the fold line FDA is set.

[0175] The display area DPA of the display device can be located in either the first non-folding area NFA1 or the second non-folding area NFA2. Alternatively, the display area DPA can be located on the fold line FDA corresponding to the boundary between the first non-folding area NFA1 and the second non-folding area NFA2. That is, regardless of the boundary between the non-folding areas NFA1 and NFA2, the fold line FDA, etc., the display area DPA of the display device can be continuously or substantially continuously located. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the display area DPA can be located in the first non-folding area NFA1 but not in the second non-folding area NFA2, or the display area DPA can be located in both the first non-folding area NFA1 and the second non-folding area NFA2, but the non-display area NDA can be located on the fold line FDA.

[0176] In one exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor and the optical sensor may be disposed in a first non-folded region NFA1 or a second non-folded region NFA2. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the pressure sensor and / or the optical sensor may overlap with a fold line FDA corresponding to the boundary between the first non-folded region NFA1 and the second non-folded region NFA2. When the pressure sensor and the optical sensor have as Figure 23 In the planar arrangement shown, the pressure sensor and the optical sensor can be located in all of the first non-folded region NFA1, the fold line FDA, and the second non-folded region NFA2.

[0177] Display devices can be folded using an inward folding method, where the display surfaces face inwards while also facing each other, or using an outward folding method, where the display surfaces face outwards (e.g., back to back). A display device can be folded using only one of the inward and outward folding methods (e.g., unidirectional folding), or it can perform both inward and outward folding (e.g., bidirectional folding). In the case of display devices performing both inward and outward folding, the inward and outward folding can be performed based on the same or a single folding line (FDA), or the display device can include multiple folding lines (FDA) performing different types of folding, such as dedicated inward folding lines and dedicated outward folding lines. For example, the display device folds around dedicated inward folding lines and dedicated outward folding lines in different directions.

[0178] In one exemplary embodiment, the display panel DPN and the layers, panels, and substrates stacked on the display panel DPN have their own flexibility properties (e.g., they are flexible), allowing the respective components to be fully folded, and thus the display device to be foldable. In some exemplary embodiments, at least some of the display panel DPN or the components stacked on the display panel DPN may have shapes separated based on fold lines FDA. In this case, the separated components located in the non-folded regions NFA1 or NFA2 may not have flexible properties.

[0179] at the same time, Figure 32 The display device shown may also include a window member. The window member applied to the foldable display device may be made of a foldable material. For example, the window member may include a polymer such as transparent polyimide that has inherent flexible properties (e.g., is flexible), or it may be made of ultra-thin glass, allowing the window member to be folded. In the case of ultra-thin glass, the ultra-thin glass may have a thickness of about 0.2 mm or less, preferably about 0.1 mm or less, and more preferably about 0.07 mm or less. Even in the case of polyimide, the polyimide may be applied with a thickness of about 0.1 mm or about 0.05 mm or less to reduce folding stress.

[0180] As mentioned above, because thin window components are used in foldable display devices, pressure can be sensed more accurately. (Reference) Figure 34 It is described in detail.

[0181] Figure 34 It is a graph showing the relationship between pressure and resistance in a pressure sensor of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 34 The results of pressure measurement resistance analysis for a display device are shown, in which ultra-thin glass with a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm is used as the window component, and a force sensor is positioned below the display panel as a pressure sensor. Figure 34 In the diagram, the X-axis represents pressure, and the Y-axis represents the relative magnitude of the reciprocal of the resistance measured by the force sensor.

[0182] Reference Figure 34 The reciprocal of the resistance tends to increase with increasing pressure. That is, as pressure increases, the resistance decreases. Simultaneously, without exceeding a threshold, the resistance change due to pressure occurs in parallel (e.g., simultaneously) with the increase in pressure. Therefore, for each pressure in the range of approximately 0 gf to approximately 400 gf, the corresponding pressure can be accurately estimated based on the relative value of the corresponding reciprocal of the resistance. When converted to blood pressure, pressures of approximately 0 gf to approximately 400 gf correspond to approximately 0 mHg to approximately 300 mHg, and thus, the entire pressure range required for blood pressure measurement can be covered.

[0183] In the aforementioned display device, the pressure sensor PRS (see...) Figure 1 It can be installed on the display panel DPN (see...) Figure 1 The pressure sensor PRS is attached to the display panel DPN or integrated with it. The pressure sensor PRS can be attached to the display panel DPN via a bonding layer including a resin layer, an adhesive layer, etc. In some exemplary embodiments, the pressure sensor PRS can also be integrated into the display panel DPN. For example, the pressure sensor PRS can be formed (e.g., directly formed) on the display panel DPN, or it can be mounted on the display panel DPN in the form of a chip, printed circuit board, film, etc. A pressure driving portion configured to drive the pressure sensor PRS can be located inside the pressure sensor PRS, but it can also be mounted on the display panel DPN or a printed circuit board connected to the display panel DPN as a separate driver integrated circuit (IC). As another example, the pressure driving portion can be provided as a chip integrated with the control portion of the blood pressure measurement module, or it can be provided as a driving portion such as a data driver IC or a touch driver IC located in the display panel DPN.

[0184] The light transmission portion TA of the display panel's DPN will be described in more detail below (see [link to documentation]). Figure 36 The structure of the display panel DPN is as described above. In a display device according to some exemplary embodiments, the display panel DPN is placed on the optical sensor OPS (see [link to OPS]). Figure 1 The light sensing path can include a light transmission portion (TA) to ensure sufficient light received by the optical sensor (OPS). The light transmission portion (TA) can be obtained by forming the structure of some areas of the display panel's DPN differently from other areas.

[0185] Figure 35 It is a planar layout of the display area of ​​a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 36 yes Figure 35 A cross-sectional view of the display panel.

[0186] Reference Figure 35 and Figure 36 The display area DPA of the display panel DPN may include a light-transmitting portion TA. The display area DPA of the display panel DPN may include a display light-transmitting area DPA_T, which is a first display area including the light-transmitting portion TA. The display light-transmitting area DPA_T is the emission area of ​​pixel PX (e.g., Figure 39 The region where the "EMA" in the diagram blends with the light-transmitting portion TA is shown. The light-transmitting portion TA of the light-transmitting region DPA_T is a region that does not emit light itself but transmits light along its thickness. The light can include light with visible wavelengths as well as light with near-infrared and / or infrared wavelengths. The light transmitted through the light-transmitting portion TA can also include light with near-ultraviolet and / or ultraviolet wavelengths.

[0187] A display light-transmitting region DPA_T may include multiple light-transmitting portions TA that are separated from each other. The emitting region of a pixel PX may be located between the light-transmitting portions TA. Within the display light-transmitting region DPA_T, the emitting region of a pixel PX and the light-transmitting portions TA may not be visually distinguishable. The light-transmitting portions TA of the display light-transmitting region DPA_T are regions that do not emit light themselves but can transmit light in their thickness direction. The light may include light with visible wavelengths and light with near-infrared wavelengths and / or infrared wavelengths. The light transmitted through the light-transmitting portions TA may also include light with near-ultraviolet wavelengths and / or ultraviolet wavelengths.

[0188] The display area DPA of the display panel DPN can also include a display-only area DPA_D, which is a second display area excluding the light-transmitting portion TA. In other words, the display area DPA of the display panel DPN can be divided into a light-transmitting display area DPA_T and a display-only area DPA_D.

[0189] The display area DPA may include a single light-transmitting display area DPA_T, or it may include multiple light-transmitting display areas DPA_T separated from each other. A display-only area DPA_D may be disposed around the light-transmitting display area DPA_T. The display-only area DPA_D may partially or completely surround the light-transmitting display area DPA_T. The display-only area DPA_D and the light-transmitting display area DPA_T may be adjacent to each other and may be disposed continuously or substantially continuously without a separate physical distinction. In one exemplary embodiment, the display-only area DPA_D and the light-transmitting display area DPA_T may not be visually distinguishable, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0190] There are no restrictions on the arrangement area of ​​the display light transmission region DPA_T within the display area DPA. For example, the display light transmission region DPA_T can be located in the central region of the display area DPA, spaced apart from the non-display area NDA. As another example, the display light transmission region DPA_T can be located around the edge of the display area DPA and positioned to contact or be close to the non-display area NDA.

[0191] Only display the non-emissive area of ​​region DPA_D or the light-transmitting region DPA_T (e.g., Figure 39 The "NEA" region is also a non-emitting region, but the light transmittance of the light-transmitting region TA is greater than that of the non-emitting region (e.g., Figure 39 The transmittance of the "NEA" region is used here. Transmittance is the amount of light that passes through each region, and it refers to the amount of light that travels in the thickness direction of each region. Therefore, the transmittance of the display light-transmitting region DPA_T, including the light-transmitting portion TA, is greater than the transmittance of the display region DPA_D alone.

[0192] As described above, the light transmission area DPA_T can be used as a light sensing path. The optical sensor OPS of the blood pressure measurement module can be configured to overlap with the light transmission area DPA_T.

[0193] Furthermore, the light transmission area DPA_T can be used as the optical path for other optical components besides the blood pressure measurement module. For example, a camera, infrared proximity sensor, iris recognition sensor, fingerprint sensor, etc., can be configured to overlap with the light transmission area DPA_T to obtain the light required for their operation. The optical sensor OPS and other sensors of the aforementioned blood pressure measurement module can also be implemented by a common component or different independent components. When multiple components are used for light sensing, the corresponding components can be arranged adjacent to each other or spaced apart at different locations. Multiple independent components can be arranged together in a grouped light transmission area DPA_T, or they can be arranged separately in separate light transmission areas DPA_T.

[0194] In the aforementioned sensors, the amount of light required by each sensor can vary depending on the sensor type. When multiple sensors require different amounts of light, the aperture ratio (ratio of the light-transmitting portion TA to the total area) and the transmittance of the light-transmitting portion TA of the corresponding display light-transmitting region DPA_T can also be adjusted accordingly. For example, the transmittance of light passing through the light-transmitting portion TA can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the area of ​​the light-transmitting portion TA to the total area of ​​the display light-transmitting region DPA_T, or by adjusting the stacking structure or material in the thickness direction of the light-transmitting portion TA. This allows for the appropriate or suitable design of the transmittance per unit area and the total transmittance (average transmittance × area) of the entire display light-transmitting region DPA_T.

[0195] Figure 37 This is a circuit diagram of a pixel of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0196] refer to Figure 37 The pixel circuit may include a first transistor TR1, a second transistor TR2, a capacitor Cst, and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Scan lines SL, data lines DL, and a first power supply voltage line ELVDDL are connected to each pixel circuit.

[0197] The first transistor TR1 can be a driving transistor, and the second transistor TR2 can be a switching transistor. Although both the first transistor TR1 and the second transistor TR2 are shown in the figures as p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistors, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, either or both of the first transistor TR1 and the second transistor TR2 can be n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistors with appropriate modifications to other circuit elements.

[0198] The first electrode (source electrode) of the first transistor TR1 is connected to the first power supply voltage line ELVDDL, and the second electrode (drain electrode) of the first transistor TR1 is connected to the anode electrode of the organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The first electrode (source electrode) of the second transistor TR2 is connected to the data line DL, and the second electrode (drain electrode) of the second transistor TR2 is connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor TR1. A capacitor Cst is connected between the gate electrode and the first electrode of the first transistor TR1. The cathode electrode of the OLED receives a second power supply voltage ELVSS. The second power supply voltage ELVSS may be lower than the first power supply voltage supplied from the first power supply voltage line ELVDDL.

[0199] The second transistor TR2 can output a data signal applied to the data line DL in response to a scan signal applied to the scan line SL. The capacitor Cst can be charged with a voltage corresponding to the data signal received from the second transistor TR2. The first transistor TR1 can control the driving current flowing through the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on the charge stored in the capacitor Cst.

[0200] Figure 37 The equivalent circuit shown is merely one exemplary implementation, and the pixel circuit may include a greater number of transistors and / or capacitors. For example, in other implementations, the pixel circuit may include seven transistors.

[0201] Figure 38 This is a planar layout of the display light transmission area and the display-only area of ​​a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0202] Reference Figure 38 The display light-transmitting region DPA_T includes multiple pixels PX and multiple light-transmitting portions TA. The light-transmitting portions TA and pixels PX are blended (e.g., adjacent to each other within the display light-transmitting region DPA_T). Although the light-transmitting portions TA may be blended with each pixel PX, multiple pixels PX (e.g., four pixels) may be grouped into a unit group (hereinafter referred to as "first unit pixel group UPG1"), and the light-transmitting portions TA may be disposed between the first unit pixel groups UPG1. The four pixels PX may include, for example, red pixels, green pixels, blue pixels, and green pixels, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0203] The combined area of ​​the first unit pixel group UPG1 and the light-transmitting portion TA adjacent to the first unit pixel group UPG1 can be substantially equal to the area of ​​eight pixels PX in the display-only area DPA_D. When the constraint is such that four pixels PX also form a unit group (hereinafter referred to as "second unit pixel group UPG2") in the display-only area DPA_D, the combined area of ​​the first unit pixel group UPG1 and one light-transmitting portion TA in the display light-transmitting area DPA_D can be substantially equal to the combined area of ​​the two second unit pixel groups UPG2 in the display-only area DPA_D.

[0204] Because of the area occupied by the light-transmitting portion TA, the display light-transmitting region DPA_T can have a smaller (or fewer) number of pixels PX or smaller-sized pixels PX than the display-only region DPA_D, given the same area. In other words, because the display light-transmitting region DPA_T also accommodates the light-transmitting portion TA in addition to the pixels PX, the unit area of ​​the display-only region DPA_D can have more available space for pixels PX compared to the equivalent unit area of ​​the display light-transmitting region DPA_T. As mentioned above, when the combined area of ​​the first unit pixel group UPG1 and the light-transmitting portion TA of the display light-transmitting region DPA_T is equal to or substantially equal to the combined area of ​​the two second unit pixel groups UPG2 of the display-only region DPA_D, the display light-transmitting region DPA_T can exhibit approximately half the resolution of the display-only region DPA_D in the same area.

[0205] The average width of the rows and columns formed by the first unit pixel group UPG1 and the light-transmitting portion TA in the display light-transmitting area DPA_T can be substantially equal to the average width of the rows and columns formed by the second unit pixel group UPG2 in the display-only area DPA_D, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. The first unit pixel group UPG1 and the light-transmitting portion TA in the display light-transmitting area DPA_T can be alternately arranged in a row along the second direction D2 (row extension direction). In adjacent rows, the first unit pixel group UPG1 and the light-transmitting portion TA can be alternately arranged in the display light-transmitting area DPA_T along the first direction D1 (column extension direction).

[0206] The relative dimensions of the first unit pixel group UPG1 and the light-transmitting portion TA in the display light-transmitting region DPA_T can be modified in various ways appropriately based on the amount of light required by the sensor configured to overlap with the display light-transmitting region DPA_T. In an exemplary embodiment requiring a sufficient amount of light, the size of the light-transmitting portion TA can be larger than the size of the first unit pixel group UPG1 in the display light-transmitting region DPA_T. In this case, the size of each pixel PX in the display light-transmitting region DPA_T can be smaller than the size of each pixel PX in the display region DPA_D alone. In an exemplary embodiment, the width of the light-transmitting portion TA in the second direction D2 can be greater than the width of the first unit pixel group UPG1 in the second direction D2.

[0207] In one exemplary embodiment, the cathode electrode may not be disposed throughout the entire display area DPA (see [reference]). Figure 35The light-transmitting portion TA is located within the light-transmitting area of ​​the display. For example, the cathode electrode can be disposed in the entire remaining display area DPA, excluding the light-transmitting portion TA. That is, the light-transmitting portion TA can be defined by whether or not a cathode electrode is provided. When viewed based on the cathode electrode (e.g., the position of the cathode electrode in a plan view), the light-transmitting portion TA can correspond to the cathode electrode aperture.

[0208] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the cathode electrode may be formed from multiple electrode layers in the region outside the light-transmitting portion TA. For example, a separate cathode electrode pattern may be provided for each unit pixel group, and the cathode electrode patterns may be electrically connected to each other by overlapping or contacting each other at the boundaries of adjacent unit pixel groups. This structure may result from the deposition of cathode electrodes two or more times.

[0209] The second cathode electrode pattern CTP2 set in each second unit pixel group UPG2 in the display-only area DPA_D can each have a rectangular shape. Adjacent second cathode electrode patterns CTP2 can overlap each other at their edge portions.

[0210] Simultaneously, the first cathode electrode pattern CTP1 disposed in each first unit pixel group UPG1 in the display light transmission region DPA_T can each have an "I" shape, with a narrow central portion and two longer ends in the first direction D1 based on the width in the second direction D2. The two ends of the first cathode electrode pattern CTP1 in the first direction D1 can include protrusions CTP_PT extending from the central portion. The width of the central portion of the first cathode electrode pattern CTP1 in the second direction D2 can be smaller than the width of the second cathode electrode pattern CTP2 in the second direction D2, and the width of the two ends of the first cathode electrode pattern CTP1 in the second direction D2 can be substantially equal to the width of the second cathode electrode pattern CTP2 in the second direction D2, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. In the display light transmission region DPA_T, the protrusions CTP_PT located at the two ends of the first cathode electrode pattern CTP1 can overlap with the protrusions CTP_PT of another first cathode electrode pattern CTP1, which is diagonally adjacent to the first cathode electrode pattern CTP1.

[0211] Thin-film transistors and power or data lines may not be located in the light-transmitting portion TA of the display light-transmitting area DPA_T. Data lines and power lines extending in the first direction D1 may be extended to bypass the light-transmitting portion TA. Furthermore, the insulating film may be partially removed (or partially omitted) from the light-transmitting portion TA compared to other areas of the display area DPA. The transmittance of the light-transmitting portion TA varies depending on the stacking structure of the light-transmitting portion TA, and therefore various stacking structures can be designed considering the required transmittance, process efficiency, planar dimensions of the light-transmitting portion TA, etc. In the following, the structure of the pixel PX and the light-transmitting portion TA will be described in detail through the cross-sectional structure of the display panel DPN.

[0212] Figure 39 This is a cross-sectional view showing the pixels and light-transmitting portions of a display panel according to some exemplary embodiments.

[0213] exist Figure 39 In Figure 37 Of the two transistors, the first transistor TR1 is shown as a thin-film transistor, while the second transistor TR2 is not shown.

[0214] First, refer to Figure 39 Describe the cross-sectional structure of pixel PX in detail. Display panel DPN (see...) Figure 1 The structure may include a substrate 100, a buffer layer 105, a semiconductor layer 110, a first insulating layer 121, a first conductive layer 130, a second insulating layer 122, a second conductive layer 140, a third insulating layer 123, a third conductive layer 150, a fourth insulating layer 124, a fourth conductive layer 160, a fifth insulating layer 125, a fifth conductive layer 170, a pixel defining film 126 including an opening configured to expose the fifth conductive layer 170, an organic layer 190 disposed in the opening of the pixel defining film 126, and a sixth conductive layer 180 disposed on the pixel defining film 126 and the organic layer 190. Each of the above layers may be formed by a single film, or may be formed by a stack of films including multiple films. Another layer may also be disposed between the above layers.

[0215] Substrate 100 supports various layers disposed thereon. Substrate 100 may be made of an insulating material such as a polymer resin. Examples of polymeric materials may include polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PA), polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallyl compounds, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (CAT), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), or combinations thereof. Substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate that is bendable, foldable, or rollable. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the material forming the flexible substrate may include PI, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0216] A buffer layer 105 is disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 105 can prevent or substantially prevent the diffusion of impurity ions, prevent or substantially prevent the penetration of moisture or ambient air, and perform surface planarization functions. The buffer layer 105 may include silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, etc. The buffer layer 105 may be omitted depending on the type of substrate 100, process conditions, etc.

[0217] A semiconductor layer 110 is disposed on the buffer layer 105. The semiconductor layer 110 forms the channel of the thin-film transistor of the pixel PX. The semiconductor layer 110 may include polycrystalline silicon. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the semiconductor layer 110 may include monocrystalline silicon, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or oxide semiconductor. The oxide semiconductor may include a binary compound (AB) containing indium, zinc, gallium, tin, titanium, aluminum, hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), magnesium (Mg), etc. x ), ternary compounds (AB) x C y ) or quaternary compounds (AB) x C y D z ).

[0218] The first insulating layer 121 may be a gate insulating film with gate insulation function. The first insulating layer 121 may include silicon compounds, metal oxides, etc. For example, the first insulating layer 121 may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, etc. These can be used alone or in combination with each other. The first insulating layer 121 may be a single film or a multilayer film comprising stacked films of different materials.

[0219] A first insulating layer 121 is disposed on the semiconductor layer 110 and may be disposed substantially over the entire surface of the substrate 100. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the first insulating layer 121 covers a large portion of the surface of the substrate 100.

[0220] A first conductive layer 130 is disposed on a first insulating layer 121. The first conductive layer 130 may be a first gate conductive layer. The first conductive layer 130 may include a gate electrode 131 of the thin-film transistor of the pixel PX, a scan line connected to the gate electrode 131, and a first storage capacitor electrode 132.

[0221] The first conductive layer 130 may include at least one metal selected from molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), and copper (Cu). The first conductive layer 130 may be a single film or a multilayer film.

[0222] The second insulating layer 122 may be disposed on the first conductive layer 130. The second insulating layer 122 may be an interlayer insulating film. The second insulating layer 122 may include inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide and / or zinc oxide.

[0223] The second conductive layer 140 is disposed on the second insulating layer 122. The second conductive layer 140 may be a second gate conductive layer. The second conductive layer 140 may include a second storage capacitor electrode 140. The second conductive layer 140 may include one or more metals selected from molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), and copper (Cu). The second conductive layer 140 may be made of the same material as the first conductive layer 130, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. The second conductive layer 140 may be a single film or a multilayer film.

[0224] A third insulating layer 123 is disposed on the second conductive layer 140. The third insulating layer 123 may be an interlayer insulating film. The third insulating layer 123 may include inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, or zinc oxide, or organic insulating materials such as acrylic resin (polyacrylate-based resin), epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, unsaturated polyester-based resin, polyphenylene ether-based resin, polyphenylene sulfide-based resin, or benzocyclobutene (BCB). The third insulating layer 123 may be a single film or a multilayer film comprising stacked films of different materials.

[0225] A third conductive layer 150 is disposed on a third insulating layer 123. The third conductive layer 150 may be a first source / drain conductive layer. The third conductive layer 150 may include a first electrode 151 and a second electrode 152 of the thin-film transistor of the pixel PX. The first electrode 151 and the second electrode 152 of the thin-film transistor can be electrically connected to the source and drain regions of the semiconductor layer 110 through contact holes passing through (or penetrating) the third insulating layer 123, the second insulating layer 122, and the first insulating layer 121. A first power supply voltage electrode 153 of the pixel PX may also be included in the third conductive layer 150.

[0226] The third conductive layer 150 may include one or more metals selected from aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), and copper (Cu). The third conductive layer 150 may be a single film or a multilayer film. For example, the third conductive layer 150 may have a stacked structure such as Ti / Al / Ti, Mo / Al / Mo, Mo / AlGe / Mo, Ti / Cu, etc.

[0227] A fourth insulating layer 124 is disposed on the third conductive layer 150. The fourth insulating layer 124 covers the third conductive layer 150. The fourth insulating layer 124 may be a via layer. The fourth insulating layer 124 may include organic insulating materials, such as acrylic resin (polyacrylate-based resin), epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, unsaturated polyester-based resin, polyphenylene ether-based resin, polyphenylene sulfide-based resin, and / or benzocyclobutene (BCB).

[0228] A fourth conductive layer 160 is disposed on the fourth insulating layer 124. The fourth conductive layer 160 may be a second source / drain conductive layer. The fourth conductive layer 160 may include data lines, connection electrodes 162, and first power supply voltage lines 161 and 163 of the pixel PX. The first power supply voltage line 161 may be electrically connected to the first electrode 151 of the thin-film transistor of the pixel PX through a contact hole passing through the fourth insulating layer 124 in the pixel PX. The connection electrode 162 may be electrically connected to the second electrode 152 of the thin-film transistor of the pixel PX through a contact hole passing through the fourth insulating layer 124. The first power supply voltage line 163 may also be electrically connected to the first power supply voltage electrode 153 through a contact hole passing through the fourth insulating layer 124.

[0229] The fourth conductive layer 160 may include at least one metal selected from aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), and copper (Cu). The fourth conductive layer 160 may be a single film or a multilayer film. The fourth conductive layer 160 may be made of the same material as the third conductive layer 150, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0230] A fifth insulating layer 125 is disposed on the fourth conductive layer 160. The fifth insulating layer 125 covers the fourth conductive layer 160. The fifth insulating layer 125 may be a via layer. The fifth insulating layer 125 may include the same material as the fourth insulating layer 124 described above, or may include at least one material selected from the exemplary materials constituting the fourth insulating layer 124. The fourth conductive layer 160 may be omitted, and the same function may be performed by the third conductive layer 150.

[0231] A fifth conductive layer 170 is disposed on a fifth insulating layer 125. An anode electrode, serving as a pixel electrode, may be formed from the fifth conductive layer 170. The anode electrode can be electrically connected to a connection electrode 162 formed from a fourth conductive layer 160 via a contact hole through the fifth insulating layer 125, and can also be connected to a second electrode 152 of a thin-film transistor via the connection electrode 162. The anode electrode may at least partially overlap with the emission region EMA of the pixel PX.

[0232] The fifth conductive layer 170 may have, but is not limited to, a stacked film structure formed by stacking a material layer with a high work function and a reflective material layer. The material layer with the high work function is made of one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and indium oxide (In₂O₃), and the reflective material layer is made of one of silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), lead (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), and mixtures thereof. The material layer with the high work function may be disposed on the reflective material layer close to the organic layer 190. The fifth conductive layer 170 may have a multilayer structure of ITO / Mg, ITO / MgF, ITO / Ag, or ITO / Ag / ITO, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0233] Pixel defining film 126 may be disposed on fifth conductive layer 170. Pixel defining film 126 may at least partially overlap with the non-emitting region NEA of pixel PX. Pixel defining film 126 may have or define openings configured to expose fifth conductive layer 170. Pixel defining film 126 may comprise inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, or zinc oxide, and / or organic insulating materials such as acrylic resin (polyacrylate-based resin), epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, unsaturated polyester-based resin, polyphenylene ether-based resin, polyphenylene sulfide-based resin, or benzocyclobutene (BCB). Pixel defining film 126 may be a single film or a multilayer film comprising stacked films of different materials.

[0234] An organic layer 190 is disposed in an opening in the pixel-defining film 126 (i.e., the opening defined by the pixel-defining film 126). The organic layer 190 may include an organic light-emitting layer, a hole injection / transport layer, and an electron injection / transport layer. The organic layer 190 may (e.g., in the thickness direction) overlap with the emission region EMA.

[0235] A sixth conductive layer 180 is disposed on the pixel defining film 126 and the organic layer 190. A cathode electrode, serving as a common electrode, can be formed from the sixth conductive layer 180. The cathode electrode can be disposed not only in the emitting region EMA of the pixel PX, but also in the non-emitting region NEA of the pixel PX (e.g., ...). Figures 39 to 40 (As shown in the diagram). That is, the cathode electrode can be disposed on the entire surface of each pixel PX. The sixth conductive layer 180 may include a material layer having a low work function, which is made of one selected from Li, Ca, LiF / Ca, LiF / Al, Al, Mg, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ni, Au, Nd, Ir, Cr, BaF, Ba and their compounds or mixtures (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg). The sixth conductive layer 180 may also include a transparent metal oxide layer disposed on the material layer having a low work function.

[0236] In one exemplary embodiment, the encapsulation film may be disposed on the sixth conductive layer 180. The encapsulation film may include an inorganic film. In one exemplary embodiment, the encapsulation film may include a first inorganic film, an organic film above the first inorganic film, and a second inorganic film above the organic film.

[0237] The cross-sectional structure of the light-transmitting portion TA will be described in more detail below. The light-transmitting portion TA has a structure in which some layers are removed (or omitted from the stacked structure of the pixels PX). Because the light-transmitting portion TA is a non-light-emitting region, layers corresponding to the anode electrode, organic light-emitting layer, cathode electrode, etc., can be omitted in one or more exemplary embodiments. Due to the omission of layers, the light-transmitting portion TA can have a higher transmittance than the pixel PX.

[0238] For example, the sixth conductive layer 180, which serves as the cathode electrode, is not disposed in the light-transmitting portion TA. The cathode electrode is a common electrode, and the sixth conductive layer 180 is disposed throughout the entire area of ​​the pixel PX. However, the sixth conductive layer 180 is removed (or omitted from the light-transmitting portion TA) to form a light-transmitting opening OP. The light-transmitting opening OP may be defined by the sixth conductive layer 180. In a top-emitting panel, the cathode electrode transmits a certain amount of light but reflects or absorbs a large amount of light. By not disposing the sixth conductive layer 180, which serves as the cathode electrode, in the light-transmitting portion TA, a higher transmittance can be ensured compared to the non-emitting area NEA of the pixel PX.

[0239] Furthermore, the fifth conductive layer 170, serving as the anode electrode, may not be provided in the light-transmitting portion TA. In the top-emitting panel, the anode electrode includes the reflective material layer as described above, and because the fifth conductive layer 170 itself is not provided in the light-transmitting portion TA, light can be transmitted in the thickness direction of the light-transmitting portion TA. Furthermore, because the organic layer 190 is not provided in the light-transmitting portion TA, a high transmittance can be maintained. Additionally, the semiconductor layer or other conductive layers may not be provided in the light-transmitting portion TA.

[0240] Therefore, as Figure 39 As shown, an exemplary stacked structure of the light transmission portion TA may include a substrate 100, a buffer layer 105, a first insulating layer 121, a second insulating layer 122, a third insulating layer 123, a fourth insulating layer 124, a fifth insulating layer 125, and a pixel defining film 126.

[0241] Figure 40 This is a cross-sectional view of the pixels and light-transmitting portion of a display panel according to another exemplary embodiment. Figure 40 It shows that it can be obtained from Figure 39 The insulating film of TA, which transmits light, is omitted in the structure.

[0242] In other words, such as Figure 40As shown by the dashed lines, in the light-transmitting portion TA, the pixel defining film 126, the fifth insulating layer 125, the fourth insulating layer 124, the third insulating layer 123, the second insulating layer 122, the first insulating layer 121, and the buffer layer 105 can be completely removed (or omitted), exposing the surface of the substrate 100. The light-transmitting opening OP can be defined by the sixth conductive layer 180, the pixel defining film 126, the fifth insulating layer 125, the fourth insulating layer 124, the third insulating layer 123, the second insulating layer 122, the first insulating layer 121, and the buffer layer 105. In the light-transmitting portion TA, the substrate 100 can still be left unremoved (or omitted). That is, the substrate 100 can overlap with the light-transmitting portion TA, and the light-transmitting portion TA may not have through holes. As described above, in reference... Figure 40 In the case of the exemplary implementation described, in conjunction with the reference Figure 39 Compared to the exemplary embodiments described, by further removing one or more insulating layers (e.g., with) Figure 39 Compared to the implementation method, in Figure 40 In the case of multiple insulating layers in the implementation method, the transmittance of the light transmission portion TA can be further improved.

[0243] As another example, in the light-transmitting portion TA, some portions of the pixel defining film 126, the fifth insulating layer 125, the fourth insulating layer 124, the third insulating layer 123, the second insulating layer 122, the first insulating layer 121, and the buffer layer 105 may be removed (or omitted). For example, the fourth insulating layer 124 corresponding to the via layer and all layers positioned above the fourth insulating layer 124 may be removed (or omitted) to form the light-transmitting opening OP, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0244] In a display device according to an exemplary embodiment, a blood pressure measurement module can be integrated into the display device without adding complex components.

[0245] The effects of the exemplary embodiments according to this disclosure are not limited to the above-described contents, and many more effects are included in this specification.

[0246] In concluding this detailed description, those skilled in the art will understand that many variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments without substantially departing from the principles of the invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments of the invention are used only in a general and descriptive sense and not for limiting purposes. While the invention has been specifically shown and described with reference to some exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display device comprising: a display panel configured to display an image; and a blood pressure measurement module including a pressure sensor and a pulse wave sensor portion, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to sense a pressure applied to the display panel, wherein the pulse wave sensor portion includes an optical sensor and is configured to generate a pulse wave signal using light emitted from a pixel of the display panel, wherein the optical sensor is outside the display panel and the pressure sensor overlaps the display panel in a thickness direction, and wherein the optical sensor does not overlap the pressure sensor. The display device includes a display region and a non-display region, and wherein the pressure sensor and the optical sensor are in the display region.

2. The display device of claim 1, wherein, The optical sensor is positioned within a distance of 30 mm from the pressure sensor in a horizontal direction.

3. The display device of claim 1, wherein, The blood pressure measurement module further includes a control portion configured to measure blood pressure using a pressure signal sensed by the pressure sensor and the pulse wave signal received from the pulse wave sensor portion.

4. The display device of claim 1, wherein, The blood pressure measurement module is configured to measure blood pressure at multiple points above the display panel simultaneously.

5. The display device of claim 3, wherein, The display panel includes a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode, the common electrode includes a light transmission opening, and 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein, wherein the optical sensor overlaps the light transmission opening. The pressure sensor includes a force sensor, a gap capacitor, or a strain gauge.

7. The display device of claim 1, wherein, 8.The display device of claim 1, further comprising a window member positioned above the display panel. The window member includes glass having a thickness of 0.2 mm or less or a transparent polymer having a thickness of 0.1 mm or less.

9. The display device of claim 8, wherein, 10.A display device comprising: a display panel including a display region, the display region including a display light transmission region and a display only region; a pressure sensor overlapping the display panel in a thickness direction; and an optical sensor positioned below the display panel and overlapping the display light transmission region of the display panel and configured to generate a pulse wave signal using light emitted from a pixel of the display panel, wherein the display light transmission region includes a plurality of first pixels and a light transmission portion, wherein the display only region includes a plurality of second pixels, wherein a light transmittance of the light transmission portion is higher than a light transmittance of each of the first pixels and each of the second pixels, wherein a light transmittance of the display light transmission region is higher than a light transmittance of the display only region, and wherein the optical sensor does not overlap the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is positioned within a distance of 30 mm from the optical sensor in a horizontal direction. The display panel includes a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode, each of the pixel electrodes is in the display light transmission region and the display only region, the common electrode is on an entire surface in the display only region, and the common electrode is in an area of the display light transmission region and defines a light transmission opening.

11. The display device of claim 10, wherein, ​ 12. The display device of claim 10, wherein, ​

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