Detail subgroup rendering based on local rendering

Abstract

The present invention is entitled "Detail Subgroup Presentation Based on Local Rendering." Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and systems for medical procedures, and include: receiving a first set of biometric data for a first portion of a body part; determining a first range of values ​​in the first set of biometric data; determining a first visual characteristic based on the first range of values; and rendering a global view having the first portion of the body part rendered using the first visual characteristic. A second range of values ​​may be determined in a second set of biometric data for a second portion of the body part, and the second portion of the body part may be a subset of the first portion of the body part. A second visual characteristic may be determined based on the second range of values, and a local view including the second portion of the body part rendered using the second visual characteristic may be rendered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application provides systems, devices, and methods for improving in vivo visualization. Background Art

[0002] Medical conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), are often diagnosed and treated through in vivo procedures. For example, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) from the body of the left atrium (LA) is performed using ablation to treat AF. PVI and many other minimally invasive catheterization procedures require real-time visualization and mapping of internal body surfaces.

[0003] Visualization and mapping of in vivo body parts can be performed by mapping activation wave propagation, fluoroscopy, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as other techniques that may require a greater than desired amount of time or resources to provide visualization and mapping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and systems for medical procedures, including receiving a first set of biometric data for a first portion of a body part (e.g., a cardiac chamber); determining a first range of values ​​in the first set of biometric data (e.g., local activation time (LAT), electrical activity, topology, bipolar map, dominant frequency, or impedance value); and determining a first visual characteristic corresponding to the values ​​in the first set of biometric data based on the first range of values. A second range of values ​​may be determined in a second set of biometric data for a second portion of the body part, and the second portion of the body part may be a subset of the first portion of the body part. Furthermore, the second set of biometric data may include a subset of the first set of biometric data. A second visual characteristic corresponding to the values ​​in the second set of biometric data may be determined based on the second range of values. A global view including the first portion of the body part rendered using the first visual characteristic may be rendered and / or provided for display. Additionally, a local view including the second portion of the body part rendered using the second visual characteristic may be rendered and / or provided for display. The local view may be superimposed on the global view at a location on the global view corresponding to the second portion of the body part. The first and second visual characteristics may be one or more of color, hue, saturation, pattern, or texture. Problem areas may be identified based on the local view.

[0005] The first set of biometric data may be sensed by one or more electrodes. The first portion of the body part is one of the entire body part or a subset of the body part. The second portion of the body part is determined based on user input or by catheter position.

[0006] Additionally, a third range of values ​​in a third set of biometric data for a third portion of the body part may be determined. The third portion of the body part may be a subset of the first portion of the body part. A third visual characteristic corresponding to the value in the third set of biometric data may be determined based on the third range. A partial view including the third portion of the body part may be rendered or provided for display using the third visual characteristic. The partial view may be superimposed on the global view at a location on the global view corresponding to the third portion of the body part.

[0007] First visual characteristics corresponding to the values ​​in the first set of biometric data may be determined based on the first range, such that a first subset of the first visual characteristics is applicable at a low end of the first range and the second subset of the first visual characteristics is applicable at a high end of the first range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] A more detailed understanding may be obtained from the following description given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0009] Figure 1 is an illustration of an exemplary system in which one or more features of the disclosed subject matter may be implemented;

[0010] Figure 2 It is a flowchart for displaying global and local views;

[0011] Figure 3 is an image of the local view superimposed on the global view;

[0012] FIG4A is an illustration of a first portion of a body part rendered as a global view and a local view superimposed on the global view;

[0013] 4B is another illustration of the first portion of the body part of FIG. 4A rendered as a global view and different local views superimposed on the global view;

[0014] 4C is another illustration of the first portion of the body part of FIG. 4A rendered as a global view and two local views superimposed on the global view;

[0015] FIG5A is an illustration of a first portion of a body part rendered as a global view and a selection of a local view;

[0016] FIG5B is an illustration of a first portion of a body part rendered as a global view and selection of the global view based on a catheter position; and

[0017] Figure 6 is an illustration of a first portion of a body part rendered as a global view and a local view including the problem area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] According to embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, a catheter or other insertable device can be inserted into a patient's body and can sense biometric data from a body part within the patient's body. For example, an element (such as an electrode on an insertable catheter) can sense electrical activity data on the surface of a cardiac chamber and provide the electrical activity data to a processor. The processor can generate rendering data that enables a display to render the shape of the cardiac chamber such that the surface of the cardiac chamber uses visual characteristics to illustrate the electrical activity data, as further disclosed herein.

[0019] The rendering of a body part may include biometric data for different points on the body part. The biometric data may be rendered using visual characteristics (e.g., color) displayed on the surface of the body part via a display (e.g., a monitor). The biometric data may be visually conveyed using any suitable visual characteristics, such as a range or gradient of colors, hue, saturation, pattern, shape, protrusions (e.g., 3D protrusions), texture, alphanumeric characters, etc. For clarity, the shape of a body part (e.g., a heart) may be rendered via a display, and the surface of the shape may have visual characteristics (e.g., color) that convey the value of the biometric data (e.g., a local activation time (LAT) value, where a first color may represent a first, lower range of LAT values ​​and a second color may represent a second, higher range of LAT values). The rendering of the body part may be adjustable, such that the viewing angle, zoom level, position, orientation, and other viewing characteristics may be adjusted by the user or automatically based on predetermined or dynamically determined criteria.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter, rendered data can include a global view and a local view. The global view can include biometric data for a first portion of a body part, which can be the entire body part or a portion of the body part rendered on the display at a given time. The global view can display the biometric data on the surface of the first portion of the body part using visual characteristics such as colors indicating different values ​​of the biometric data (e.g., high LAT values ​​can be shown in red, while low LAT values ​​can be shown in purple).

[0021] Visual characteristics indicating different values ​​of the biometric data for the global view may be determined based on the range of values ​​present in the biometric data for the first portion of the body part. A wider range of values ​​may result in more values ​​being indicated by the same or similar visual characteristics. For example, the first portion of the body part may be a cardiac cavity having LAT values ​​within the range of -500 ms to +500 ms. The visual characteristics used to indicate LAT values ​​in the global view may be, for example, five colors, including red, yellow, green, blue, and purple, such that red may indicate -500 ms to -301 ms, yellow may indicate -300 ms to -101 ms, green may indicate -100 ms to +99 ms, blue may indicate +100 ms to +299 ms, and purple may indicate +300 ms to +500 ms.

[0022] The local view may be superimposed on a portion of the global view and may include biometric data for a second portion of a body part contained within a first portion of the body part shown in the global view (e.g., the first portion of the body part may be a cardiac cavity, and the second portion of the body part may be a smaller portion of the cardiac cavity). The local view may display the biometric data on the surface of the second portion of the body part using visual characteristics, such as colors indicating different values ​​of the biometric data (e.g., high LAT values ​​may be displayed in red, while low LAT values ​​may be displayed in purple). The visual characteristics indicating the different values ​​of the biometric data for the local view may be determined based on a range of values ​​present in the biometric data for the second portion of the body part, which may be narrower than the range of values ​​present in the biometric data for the first, larger portion of the body part. Continuing with the example provided above, the local view may be superimposed on the global view. The global view may display the cardiac cavity with LAT values ​​indicated by color within a range of -500 ms to +500 ms, and the local view superimposed on the portion of the global view on the smaller portion of the cardiac cavity may display LAT values ​​within a range of -200 ms to +150 ms. Thus, the visual characteristics used to indicate the LAT value within the local view may be the same five colors as the global view, including red, yellow, green, blue, and purple, such that red may indicate -200ms to -101ms, yellow may indicate -100ms to 0ms, green may indicate +1ms to +49ms, blue may indicate +50ms to +99ms, and purple may indicate +100ms to +150ms. Notably, by rendering the biometric data using visual characteristics determined by the range of values ​​in the biometric data of the second portion of the body part, the local view may provide a more granular view of the biometric data of the second portion of the body part.

[0023] It should be understood that although the disclosure provided herein refers to components, attributes, data, renderings, etc. as first, second, third, etc. (referred to as "items"), such indicators are provided to distinguish between two or more items and are not necessarily provided to apply an order. As a specific example, a first portion of a body part is different from a second portion of the body part, such that the second portion of the body part is a subset of the first portion of the body part. For another example, a first set of biometric data may correspond to a first portion of the body part. The first set of biometric data is different from a second set of biometric data, which may correspond to the second portion of the body part.

[0024] Figure 1 is an illustration of an exemplary mapping system 20 that may implement one or more features of the presently disclosed subject matter. The mapping system 20 may include a device, such as a catheter 40, configured to obtain biometric data according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter. Although the catheter 40 is shown as having a basket shape, it should be understood that any shape of catheter including one or more elements (e.g., electrodes) may be used to implement the embodiments disclosed herein. The mapping system 20 includes a probe 21 having an axis 22 that can be navigated by a medical professional 30 to a body part, such as a heart 26, of a patient 28 lying on a table 29. As shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, a medical professional 30 can insert the shaft 22 through the sheath 23 while manipulating the distal end of the shaft 22 using a manipulator 32 near the proximal end of the catheter and / or deflected from the sheath 23. As shown in inset 25, a catheter 40 can be mounted at the distal end of the shaft 22. The catheter 40 can be inserted through the sheath 23 in a collapsed state and can then be deployed within the heart 26.

[0025] According to one embodiment, catheter 40 can be configured to obtain biometric data of a chamber of heart 26. Inset 45 shows catheter 40 in a magnified view within a chamber of heart 26. As shown, catheter 40 can include an array of elements (e.g., electrodes 48) coupled to teeth that form the shape of catheter 40. Elements (e.g., electrodes 48) can be any element configured to obtain biometric data and can be electrodes, transducers, or one or more other elements.

[0026] According to the embodiments disclosed herein, the biometric data may include one or more of LAT, electrical activity, topology, bipolar mapping, dominant frequency, impedance, and the like. Local excitation time may be a time point corresponding to a threshold activity of local excitation calculated based on a normalized initial starting point. Electrical activity may be any applicable electrical signal that can be measured based on one or more thresholds and can be sensed and / or enhanced based on a signal-to-noise ratio and / or other filters. Topology may correspond to the physical structure of a body part or a portion of a body part, and may correspond to changes in the physical structure relative to different parts of a body part or relative to different body parts. Dominant frequency may be a frequency or range of frequencies that is prevalent at a part of a body part and may be different in different parts of the same body part. For example, the dominant frequency of the pulmonary veins of a heart may be different from the dominant frequency of the right atrium of the same heart. Impedance may be a measurement of electrical resistance at a given area of ​​a body part.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the probe 21 and the catheter 40 can be connected to the console 24. The console 24 can include a processor 41 (such as a general purpose computer) having a suitable front end and interface circuitry 38 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from the catheter 40, and for controlling other components of the mapping system 20. In some embodiments, the processor 41 can be further configured to receive biometric data and generate rendering data for global and local views based on the biometric data, as further disclosed herein. According to an embodiment, the rendering data can be used to provide a rendering of one or more body parts (e.g., a body part rendering 35) to the medical professional 30 on a display 27. The display 27 can be located locally to the mapping system 20, or can be located remotely from one or more other components of the mapping system 20. According to one embodiment, the processor can be located external to the console 24 and can be located, for example, in the catheter, in an external device, in a mobile device, in a cloud-based device, or can be a stand-alone processor.

[0028] As described above, the processor 41 may comprise a general purpose computer that may be programmed with software to perform the functions described herein. The software may be downloaded to the general purpose computer in electronic form, for example, over a network, or may alternatively or additionally be provided and / or stored on a non-transitory tangible medium, such as magnetic, optical, or electronic memory. Figure 1 The exemplary configuration shown in FIG can be modified to implement the embodiments disclosed herein. The embodiments disclosed herein can similarly be applied using other system components and configurations. In addition, the mapping system 20 can include additional components, such as elements for sensing biometric patient data, wired or wireless connectors, processing and display devices, etc.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the display connected to the processor (e.g., processor 41) can be located at a remote location, such as at a separate hospital or within a separate healthcare provider network. Additionally, the mapping system 20 can be part of a surgical system configured to obtain anatomical and electrical measurements of an organ (such as the heart) of a patient and to perform cardiac ablation procedures. Examples of such surgical systems are sold by Biosense Webster. system.

[0030] The mapping system 20 may also and optionally use ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or other medical imaging techniques known in the art to obtain biometric data, such as anatomical measurements of the patient's heart. The mapping system 20 may use a catheter, electrocardiogram (EKG), or other sensor that measures electrical properties of the heart to obtain electrical measurements. Figure 1 As shown, the biometric data, including the anatomical and electrical measurements, can then be stored in a local memory 42 of the mapping system 20. The biometric data can be transferred from the memory 42 to the processor 41. Alternatively or in addition, the biometric data can be transferred to a server 60, which can be local or remote, using a network 62.

[0031] The network 62 can be any network or system known in the art, such as an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a direct connection or a series of connections, a cellular telephone network, or any other network or medium capable of facilitating communication between the mapping system 20 and the server 60. The network 62 can be wired, wireless, or a combination thereof. A wired connection can be achieved using Ethernet, a universal serial bus (USB), RJ-11, or any other wired connection known in the art. A wireless connection can be achieved using Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and Bluetooth, infrared, cellular networks, satellite, or any other wireless connection method known in the art. In addition, several networks can work alone or communicate with each other to facilitate communication in the network 62.

[0032] In some cases, server 60 may be implemented as a physical server. In other cases, server 60 may be implemented as a server hosted by a public cloud computing provider (e.g., Amazon Web Services). ) virtual server.

[0033] Console 24 may be connected to body surface electrodes 43, which may include adhesive skin patches attached to patient 28, via cables 39. A processor, in conjunction with a current tracking module, may determine the position coordinates of catheter 40 within a body part of the patient, such as heart 26. The position coordinates may be based on impedance or electromagnetic fields measured between electrode 43 and electrode 48 or other electromagnetic components of catheter 40.

[0034] The processor 41 may include real-time noise reduction circuitry, typically configured as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), followed by an analog-to-digital (A / D) ECG (electrocardiogram) or EMG (electromyogram) signal conversion integrated circuit. The processor 41 may pass signals from the A / D ECG or EMG circuitry to another processor and / or may be programmed to perform one or more functions disclosed herein.

[0035] Console 24 may also include an input / output (I / O) communication interface that enables the console to transmit signals from and / or to electrodes 48 and 43. Based on the signals received from electrodes 48 and / or 43, processor 41 may generate rendering data (such as body part rendering 35) that enables a display (such as display 27) to render a body part.

[0036] During a procedure, the processor 41 can facilitate presentation of a body part rendering 35 (including a global view and a local view) to the medical professional 30 on the display 27 and store data representing the body part rendering 35 in the memory 42. The memory 42 can include any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile memory, such as random access memory or a hard drive. In some embodiments, the medical professional 30 may be able to manipulate the body part rendering 35 using one or more input devices (such as a touchpad, a mouse, a keyboard, a gesture recognition device, etc.). In alternative embodiments, the display 27 can include a touch screen that can be configured to accept input from the medical professional 30 in addition to presenting the body part rendering 35 (including a global view and a local view).

[0037] Figure 2 A process 200 for displaying a global view and a local view as disclosed herein is shown. At step 210 of process 200, a first set of biometric data for a first portion of a body part may be received. The body part may be any body part or portion of a body part in the patient's body, such as an organ, muscle, tissue, ligament, etc. For example, the body part may be a heart, and the first portion of the body part may be a chamber in the heart or a portion of a chamber in the heart. The body part may be provided by a catheter, such as Figure 1The catheter 40) senses the first set of biometric data. The catheter may include one or more elements (such as electrodes or transducers) that can be configured to sense the first set of biometric data. The catheter may be inserted into the patient's body through a natural orifice or through an incision formed at a location on the patient's body. The catheter may traverse the surface of a body part (e.g., a heart), and the first set of biometric data may be collected during time intervals when the catheter is placed at various points on the surface of the body part. For example, the catheter may be placed at 500 different points on the surface of the heart, and LAT values ​​may be collected at 2.5 second intervals during which the catheter is placed at each of the 500 different points on the surface of the heart. The first set of biometric data may be stored in a memory (such as Figure 1 in the memory 42).

[0038] can be handled by a processor such as Figure 1 The processor 41 receives the first set of biometric data. The processor can be connected to the catheter (such as Figure 1 The first set of biometric data is received via a wired or wireless connection between the catheter (e.g., catheter 40) and a processor, such as processor 41. The first set of biometric data may be received by the processor as each data point is sensed by the catheter, or the catheter may sense the entire first set of biometric data and provide the entire first set of biometric data to the processor when the entire set is sensed.

[0039] exist Figure 2 At step 220 of the process shown, a first range of values ​​for the first set of biometric data may be determined. Figure 1 The processor 41 of the embodiment of the present invention determines the values ​​of the first range. The values ​​of the first range may be determined based on the maximum biometric data value and the minimum biometric data value within the first set of biometric data. For example, if the first set of biometric data includes LAT values ​​ranging from a lowest LAT value of -500ms to a highest LAT value of +500ms, the first range may be -500ms to +500ms. The values ​​of the first range may be a filtered set of values, where the filter may be, for example, a high pass filter, a low pass filter, an averaging filter, a filter that removes outliers, etc. For example, a filter may be applied such that the lowest 5% of the values ​​within the first set of biometric data and the highest 5% of the values ​​within the first set of biometric data are removed from the first set of biometric data. The values ​​of the first range may be stored in a memory such as a Figure 1 in the memory 42).

[0040] exist Figure 2At step 230 of the illustrated process, a first visual characteristic corresponding to the values ​​in the first set of biometric data may be determined based on the first range of values. The first visual characteristic may be any visual characteristic that visually conveys the different values ​​in the first set of biometric data and may be one or more of color, hue, saturation, pattern, shape, prominence, texture, or alphanumeric characters. For example, the visual characteristic may be different colors corresponding to respective different ranges of LAT values. The values ​​in the first set of biometric data may be segmented, and a visual characteristic different from the first visual characteristic may be assigned to each segment. The number of values ​​represented by each visual characteristic may be determined based on the width or narrowness of the first range of values. A wide range of values ​​may result in segments with a larger number of values ​​in each segment, while a narrow range of values ​​may result in segments with a smaller number of values ​​in each segment. As described in the examples provided herein, if the values ​​in the first set of biometric data are within the range of -500ms to +500ms, the visual characteristics used to indicate the LAT value can be, for example, five colors including red, yellow, green, blue, and purple, such that red can indicate a segment from -500ms to -301ms, yellow can indicate a segment from -300ms to -101ms, green can indicate a segment from -100ms to +99ms, blue can indicate a segment from +100ms to +299ms, and purple can indicate a segment from +300ms to +500ms.

[0041] Notably, a first visual characteristic for a first set of biometric data corresponding to a first portion of a body part (e.g., the entire body part or a portion of the body part) can be used to display a global view of the body part, such that a first range of values ​​can be larger than a second range of values ​​used to display a local view of a smaller subset of the body part (i.e., a second portion of the body part), as further described herein. The first range of values ​​and the corresponding first visual characteristic can be larger such that granular details of the biometric data corresponding to the smaller subset of the body part are not discernible when the first visual characteristic is viewed in the global view, as further described herein.

[0042] A second portion of the body part may be determined. The second portion of the body part may be a subset of the first portion of the body part such that the second portion of the body part corresponds to an area within the first portion of the body part. The second portion of the body part may be determined based on user input, as shown in FIG5A , as further described herein. Alternatively, the second portion of the body part may be determined based on a catheter (such as one used in Figure 2 The process shown at step 210 senses the position of the catheter (of the first set of biometric data) to determine a second portion of the body part, as shown in FIG. 5B , as further described herein.

[0043] exist Figure 2At step 240 of the illustrated process, a second range of values ​​in the second set of biometric data may be determined. The second set of biometric data may correspond to a second portion of the body part that is a subset of the first portion of the body part and may include biometric data values ​​from the first set of biometric data that correspond to an area occupied by the second portion of the body part. Additionally, the second set of biometric data may include additional biometric data values ​​sensed by the catheter. When determining the second portion of the body part, the additional biometric data values ​​may be sensed by the catheter.

[0044] can be handled by a processor such as Figure 1 The processor 41 of the embodiment of the present invention determines a second range of values. The second range of values ​​may be determined based on the maximum biometric data value and the minimum biometric data value within the second set of biometric data. For example, if the second set of biometric data includes LAT values ​​ranging from a minimum LAT value of -200 ms to a maximum LAT value of +150 ms, the first range may be -200 ms to +150 ms. The second range of values ​​may be a filtered set of values ​​as described herein with respect to the present disclosure with respect to the first range of values.

[0045] exist Figure 2 At step 250 of the illustrated process, a second visual characteristic corresponding to the values ​​in the second set of biometric data may be determined based on the second range of values. The second visual characteristic may be any visual characteristic that visually conveys the different values ​​in the second set of biometric data and may be one or more of color, hue, saturation, pattern, shape, prominence, texture, or alphanumeric characters. The second visual characteristic may be the same as or a subset of the visual characteristic determined based on the first range of values ​​in the first subset of biometric data. As an example of the second visual characteristic, the second visual characteristic may be different colors corresponding to different ranges of LAT values. The values ​​in the second set of biometric data may be segmented, and a visual characteristic different from the second visual characteristic may be assigned to each segment. The number of values ​​represented by each visual characteristic may be determined based on the width or narrowness of the second range of values. As described in the examples provided herein, if the values ​​in the second set of biometric data are within the range of -200ms to +150ms, the second visual characteristic for indicating the LAT value can be the same five colors as the first visual characteristic, the five colors including red, yellow, green, blue, and purple, such that red can indicate a segment of -200ms to -101ms, yellow can indicate -100ms to 0ms, green can indicate +1ms to +49ms, blue can indicate 50ms to 99ms, and purple can indicate +100ms to +150ms.

[0046] Notably, the second visual characteristic for the second set of biometric data corresponding to a second portion of the body part (i.e., a subset of the first portion of the body part) can be used to display a localized view of the second portion of the body part, such that the second range of values ​​can be smaller than the first range of values ​​used to display a global view of the larger first portion of the body part, as further described herein. The second range of values ​​and the corresponding second visual characteristic can be smaller such that granular details of the biometric data corresponding to the smaller second portion of the body part are discernible when the second visual characteristic is viewed in the localized view, as further described herein.

[0047] exist Figure 2 At step 260 of the illustrated process, a global view having a first visual characteristic may be displayed. The global view may include a rendering of a first portion of the body part, such that a surface of the first portion of the body part is rendered using the first visual characteristic. Thus, the global view may show the first portion of the body part having the first visual characteristic, which visually indicates a value of the first set of biometric data via the first visual characteristic. Figure 3 is an image 300 of a display showing a global view 310 of a first portion of a heart chamber. Figure 3 As shown, global view 310 is a rendering of a first portion of a cardiac chamber, and the rendered surface of the first portion of the cardiac chamber is represented by light gray to dark gray visual characteristics, such as light gray portion 332 and dark gray portion 331. The light gray portion of the surface corresponds to lower LAT values, as indicated by legend 330, and the dark gray portion of the surface corresponds to higher LAT values, also as indicated by legend 330. Notably, when compared to local view 320 corresponding to legend 321, global view 310 of the first portion of the cardiac chamber includes visual characteristics corresponding to a larger segment of the range of LAT values, as further disclosed herein.

[0048] Figure 3 Also shown is a reference orientation 340 that indicates the orientation of the cardiac chamber currently displayed by the global view 310. The orientation of the global view 310 can be changed, and the reference orientation 340 can be adjusted based on the change. For example, a user can provide input by pressing a mouse button and moving the mouse to rotate the global view 310 so that a different area of ​​the cardiac chamber is displayed. According to this example, the reference orientation 340 can change to reflect the change in the orientation of the cardiac chamber being displayed.

[0049] exist Figure 2At step 260 of the illustrated process, a partial view having a second visual characteristic may be displayed. The partial view may be superimposed on the global view and may include a rendering of a second portion of the body part, such that a surface of the second portion of the body part is rendered using the second visual characteristic. The second portion of the body part may be a subset of the first portion of the body part, as disclosed herein. Thus, the partial view may show a second, smaller portion of the body part having the second visual characteristic that visually indicates, via the second visual characteristic, the value of the second set of biometric data. Figure 3 A local view 320 of a second portion of a heart chamber is shown superimposed on the global view 310. Figure 3 As shown, the local view 320 includes a rendering of a second portion of the cardiac chamber, and the surface of the rendering of the second portion of the cardiac chamber is represented by a higher granularity range of light gray to dark gray visual characteristics than the smoother range of light gray to dark gray visual characteristics of the global view 310. The light gray portions of the surface correspond to lower LAT values ​​within a subset of LAT values ​​that correspond to the smaller area occupied by the second portion of the cardiac chamber. Similarly, the dark gray portions of the surface within the local view 320 correspond to higher LAT values ​​within the subset of LAT values ​​that correspond to the smaller area occupied by the second portion of the cardiac chamber. Notably, the local view 320 of the second, smaller portion of the cardiac chamber includes visual characteristics that correspond to a smaller segment of LAT values ​​when compared to the global view 310.

[0050] Global view (such as Figure 3 A global view 310 of FIG. 1 and a local view such as local view 320 of FIG. 2 may be provided by a processor such as Figure 1 The processor 41 may generate a global view and / or a local view based on the updated first or second set of biometric data and may provide the global view and the local view rendered on the display accordingly. The updated values ​​of the first or second set of biometric data may be provided based on additional biometric data sensed by a catheter, such as catheter 40.

[0051] FIG4A shows a simplified illustration of a global view 410 and a local view 420 according to embodiments disclosed herein. As shown in FIG4A , the global view 410 includes a rendering of a first portion of a body part using a first visual characteristic comprising a gray gradient ranging from light gray to dark gray. The first visual characteristic of the global view 410 corresponds to a wide range of LAT values ​​ranging from -500 ms to +500 ms, as shown in the global view legend 411. Notably, when compared to the local view 420, the global view 410 of the first, larger portion of the body part is rendered using the first visual characteristic corresponding to a larger range of LAT values ​​(i.e., a range allocated based on the range of LAT values ​​from -500 ms to +500 ms). The local view 420 (which corresponds to a smaller second portion of the body part, i.e., a subset of the first portion of the body part) includes a rendering of the smaller second portion of the body part using a second visual characteristic comprising a gray gradient ranging from light gray to dark gray. The second visual characteristic of the partial view 420 corresponds to a narrower range of LAT values ​​within the range of -200 ms to +150 ms, as shown in the partial view legend 421. Notably, the partial view 420 of the second, smaller portion of the body part is rendered using the second visual characteristic corresponding to a smaller range of LAT values ​​(i.e., a range allocated based on the range of LAT values ​​from -200 ms to +150 ms) when compared to the global view 410. As shown in the partial view 420, the dark gray visual characteristic 423 and the light gray visual characteristic 422 correspond to granular differences in the biometric data within the area occupied by the second portion of the body part, such that the granular differences are not visually shown in the global view 410.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter, as shown in FIG4B , a different local view 430 can be shown superimposed on the same global view 410 as shown in FIG4A . The local view 430 can correspond to a smaller body part that is a subset of the first body part corresponding to the global view 410. The local view 430 can be rendered in response to receiving a selection of the smaller body part corresponding to the location of the local view 430. The selection of the smaller body part can be provided by a user, as shown in FIG5A , as further disclosed herein. Alternatively, the local view 430 can be rendered in response to the catheter being moved to an area corresponding to the location of the local view 430, as shown in FIG5B and as further disclosed herein.

[0053] 4B may include visual characteristics determined based on a range of biometric data values ​​specific to a second portion of the body part associated with the area of ​​​​partial view 430. Thus, the range of values ​​associated with partial view 430, as shown by partial view legend 431, may be different from partial view legend 421 of partial view 420 of FIG.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter, as shown in FIG4C , two or more partial views, such as partial view 420 and partial view 430, can be displayed simultaneously. The number of partial views to be displayed simultaneously can be determined by system configuration, user input, system resources, predetermined criteria, dynamically determined criteria, etc. As shown in FIG4C , partial views 420 and 430 can be simultaneously superimposed on global view 410. Global view 410 can be rendered using visual characteristics determined based on the widest range of biometric data, as shown in a global view legend 411 (i.e., LAT values ​​ranging from -500 ms to +500 ms) based on a wide range of biometric data corresponding to the entire first portion of the body part to which global view 410 corresponds. The partial view 420 may be rendered using visual characteristics determined based on a narrower range of biometric data, as shown in the partial view legend 421 (i.e., LAT values ​​ranging from −200 ms to +150 ms) based on the narrower range of biometric data corresponding to the second portion of the body part to which the partial view 420 corresponds (when compared to the wide range of biometric data corresponding to the global view 410). Similarly, the partial view 430 may be rendered using visual characteristics determined based on the narrowest range of biometric data, as shown in the partial view legend 431 (i.e., LAT values ​​ranging from −150 ms to +50 ms) based on the narrowest range of biometric data corresponding to the third portion of the body part to which the partial view 430 corresponds (when compared to the wide range of biometric data corresponding to the global view 410 and the range of biometric data corresponding to the partial view 420).

[0055] Figure 5A shows a simplified illustration of a user selection 520 of a second portion of a body part. As shown in Figure 5A, the global view 510 may be rendered and convey biometric data information using visual characteristics determined based on a range of values ​​of the biometric data associated with the first portion of the body part (the range shown by the global view legend 511). The user may provide input selecting a second, smaller portion of the body part, which is a subset of the body part corresponding to the first portion of the global view 510. The user input may be provided by any applicable means, such as by a physical input device (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, touch screen, stylus, etc.), voice commands, gestures, etc. Figure 5A shows an example of a circular user selection that may be provided by the user pressing a mouse button while the cursor 525 is toward the top portion of the circle constituting the user selection 520 and dragging the mouse downward toward the position of the cursor 525 shown in Figure 5A. The user may release the mouse button, and the user selection 520 may be considered to determine the input corresponding to the second body part of the user selection 520. In Figure 2 At step 240 of the disclosed process, the second body portion corresponding to the user selection 520 may be applied to determine a second range of values ​​in a second set of biometric data corresponding to the second portion of the body part based on the user selection 520. The range of biometric data corresponding to the second portion of the body part may be shown in a local view legend 528, which may change based on the area selected by the user.

[0056] FIG5B shows a simplified illustration of determining a second portion of a body part based on the location of a catheter 535. As shown in FIG5B , the global view 510 may be rendered and convey biometric data information using visual characteristics determined based on a range of values ​​of biometric data associated with the first portion of the body part (the range shown by the global view legend 511). The location of the catheter 535 may be based on visual cues, Figure 1 The position of the tracking pad or electrodes 43 is determined by electromagnetic transmissions. The position of the catheter 535 may result in determining a second portion of the body part corresponding to the selected area 530. Figure 2 At step 240 of the disclosed process, a second portion of the body part corresponding to the selected region 530 may be applied to determine a second range of values ​​in a second set of biometric data corresponding to the second body part based on the selected region 530. Notably, the position of the selected region 530 may change based on movement of the catheter 535. The range of biometric data corresponding to the second portion of the body part may be shown in a local view legend 538, which may change based on the position of the catheter 535.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, localized regions may be able to identify problem areas, such as scars, necrotic tissue, overactive tissue, electrical signal rotors, and the like. Figure 6 A global view 610 is shown, which may be rendered and convey biometric data information using visual characteristics determined based on a range of values ​​of biometric data associated with a first portion of a body part (the range being shown via a global view legend 611). A local view 620 may be superimposed on global view 610, and local view 620 may correspond to a second portion of the body part for which biometric data exhibits a problematic condition. This second portion of the body part may be identified based on an analysis of the biometric data corresponding to the entire first portion of the body part. The analysis may include evaluating variations in the biometric data across an area, such as the surface area of ​​the heart. Alternatively, or in addition, the analysis may include applying a predetermined filter or machine learning algorithm to the biometric data of the first portion of the body part corresponding to global view 610.

[0058] A second portion of the body part corresponding to the partial view 620 may be automatically identified based on analysis of the biometric data corresponding to the entire first portion of the body part. Based on the automatic identification, the partial view 620 may be selected. The analysis may be based on (e.g., Figure 1 The problem area is identified using an algorithm stored in the memory 42 of the system, which is generated based on a previous or known identification of the problem area.

[0059] As described above, the problem area can be one or more scars, necrotic tissue, overactive tissue, electrical signal rotors, etc. For example, a scar can be identified by abnormal LAT values ​​within a given area of ​​the body part. The abnormal LAT value can be, for example, a sharp change in LAT value such as between LAT values ​​623 and 622 corresponding to the local view legend 621. The scar may not be large enough so that the associated abnormal LAT value can be distinguished within the segment shown by the visual characteristics of the global view 610 across the range indicated by the global view legend 611. However, the system (such as Figure 1 The mapping system 20 may collect higher resolution LAT values ​​and determine, based on analysis of the LAT values, that a scar is present at a given second location on the body part. Based on such a determination, a local view 620 may be provided and rendered using visual characteristics selected based on a narrower segment of values ​​from the narrower second set of biometric data.

[0060] Another problem area may be the area of ​​living tissue between scars. Such areas may be identified based on biometric data including bipolar amplitudes. The bipolar amplitudes of the entire first portion of the body part may span a wide range, such that the area of ​​living tissue between scars may not be visible on a global view. Similarly, another problem area may be a rotor signal, such as an electrical signal at a portion of a cavity that exhibits a circular pattern. Rotor signals generally indicate the source of AFib. The biometric data of the first portion of the body part may include electrical activity that can be analyzed to detect rotor signals. The electrical activity of the entire first portion of the body part may span a wide range, such that the rotor signal may not be visible on a global view.

[0061] Partial views (such as Figure 6 A local view 620 of the body part may be provided on the global view 610 and may correspond to an area of ​​the first portion of the body part that exhibits living tissue within scar tissue. The local view may correspond to a second, smaller portion of the body part and may be a subset of the entire first portion of the body part rendered in the global view 610. The local view 620 may be rendered using visual characteristics determined based on a range of values ​​of biometric data associated with the second, smaller portion of the body part and may convey biometric data (e.g., bipolar data for identifying living tissue in a scar or a rotor signal based on electrical activity data), as disclosed herein.

[0062] Any of the functions and methods described herein can be implemented in a general-purpose computer, a processor, or a processor core. By way of example, suitable processors include a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and / or a state machine. Such processors can be manufactured by configuring a manufacturing process using the results of processed hardware description language (HDL) instructions and other intermediate data including a network table (such instructions can be stored on a computer-readable medium). The result of such processing can be a mask work (maskwork), which is then used in a semiconductor manufacturing process to manufacture a processor that implements the features of the present disclosure.

[0063] Any functions and methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware that is incorporated into a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for execution by a general-purpose computer or processor. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage media include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs)).

[0064] It will be appreciated that many variations are possible based on the disclosure herein. Although features and elements have been described above in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements, or in various combinations with or without the other features and elements.

Claims

1. A method for improving in vivo visualization, comprising: receiving a first set of biometric data for a first portion of a body part; determining a first range of values ​​in the first set of biometric data; determining a first visual characteristic corresponding to the first range of values; determining a second range of values ​​in a second set of biometric data for a second portion of the body part, the second portion of the body part being a subset of the first portion of the body part, and the second set of biometric data comprising a subset of the first set of biometric data; determining a second visual characteristic corresponding to the second range of values; providing a first view for display, the first view including the first portion of the body part rendered using the first visual characteristic; as well as providing a second view for display, the second view including the second portion of the body part rendered using the second visual characteristic, the second view superimposed on the first view at a location on the first view corresponding to the second portion of the body part; The second view provides a higher-granularity local view of the second set of biometric data for the second portion of the body part relative to the first view. 2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first visual characteristic and the second visual characteristic are one or more of color, hue, saturation, prominence, pattern, texture, and alphanumeric characters. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body part comprises a cardiac chamber.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of biometric data is one of local activation time (LAT), electrical activity, topology, bipolar mapping, dominant frequency, or impedance. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of biometric data is sensed by one or more electrodes. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the body part is one of an entire body part or a subset of the body part. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the body part is determined based on one of user input or catheter position.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining a third range of values ​​in a third set of biometric data for a third portion of the body parts based on the first set of biometric data, the third portion of the body parts being a subset of the first portion of the body parts; determining a third visual characteristic corresponding to the third range of values; A third view is provided for display, the third view including the third portion of the body part rendered using the third visual characteristic, the third view being superimposed on the first view at a location on the first view corresponding to the third portion of the body part.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the first visual characteristic comprises: applying a first subset of the first visual characteristics to a low end of the first range; as well as A second subset of the first visual characteristics is applied to a high end of the first range.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying problem areas based on the second view.

11. A system for improving in vivo visualization, comprising: a catheter comprising an element configured to sense a first set of biometric data from a first portion of a body part; A processor configured to: determining a first range of values ​​in the first set of biometric data; determining a first visual characteristic corresponding to the first range of values; determining a second range of values ​​in a second set of biometric data from a second portion of the body part, the second portion of the body part comprising a subset of the first portion of the body part, and the second set of biometric data being a subset of the first set of biometric data; determining a second visual characteristic corresponding to the second range of values; as well as A display configured to: rendering a first view, the first view including the first portion of the body part rendered using the first visual characteristic; as well as rendering a second view, the second view including the second portion of the body part rendered using the second visual characteristic, the second view superimposed on the first view at a location on the first view corresponding to the second portion of the body part; The second view provides a higher-granularity local view of the second set of biometric data for the second portion of the body part relative to the first view.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first visual characteristic and the second visual characteristic are one or more of color, hue, saturation, pattern, prominence, texture, and alphanumeric characters.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the element is configured to sense the first set of biometric data from within a patient's body.

14. The system of claim 11, wherein the first set of biometric data is one of local activation time (LAT), electrical activity, topology, bipolar mapping, dominant frequency, or impedance.

15. The system of claim 11, wherein the element comprises one or more electrodes.

16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first portion of the body part is one of an entire body part and a subset of the body part.

17. The system of claim 11, further comprising an input device configured to receive an indication of the second portion of the body part.

18. The system of claim 11, wherein the display is located remotely from the processor, and the display is configured to communicate with the processor via a network.

19. A processor, the processor being configured to: receiving a first set of biometric data for a first portion of a body part; determining a first range of values ​​in the first set of biometric data; determining a first visual characteristic corresponding to the first range of values; determining a second range of values ​​in a second set of biometric data for a second portion of the body part, the second portion of the body part comprising a subset of the first portion of the body part, and the second set of biometric data being a subset of the first set of biometric data; determining a second visual characteristic corresponding to the second range of values; providing a first view for display, the first view including the first portion of the body part rendered using the first visual characteristic; as well as providing a second view for display, the second view including the second portion of the body part rendered using the second visual characteristic, the second view superimposed on the first view at a location on the first view corresponding to the second portion of the body part; The second view provides a higher-granularity local view of the second set of biometric data for the second portion of the body part relative to the first view.

20. The processor of claim 19, further configured to provide the first view and the second view to a transmitter.

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