Color shift compensation method, display panel, and display device

Abstract

A color deviation compensation method comprises: obtaining color deviation information corresponding to a test area when a test display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle, wherein at least part of the first sub-pixel units in the test area have a test aperture ratio. According to the color deviation information, controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units in a target area of ​​a target display panel (1) to be manufactured to have a target aperture ratio, wherein the target aperture ratio is different from the test aperture ratio, so as to improve the color deviation phenomenon generated in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle. The position of the target area on the target display panel (1) is the same as the position of the test area on the test display panel, and the position of at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area is the same as the position of at least part of the first sub-pixel units in the test area. A display panel and a display device are also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a color cast compensation method, a display panel, and a display device. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of display technology, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display devices are used in various fields due to their advantages such as fast response speed, high contrast and flexibility. However, such OLED display devices have color cast. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a color cast compensation method, a display panel, and a display device.

[0004] A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a color cast compensation method, comprising:

[0005] Acquire color shift information corresponding to a test area of ​​a test display panel when the test area is viewed at a first viewing angle, wherein at least part of first sub-pixel units in the test area have a test aperture ratio;

[0006] According to the color shift information, at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be produced are controlled to have a target aperture ratio, and the target aperture ratio is different from the test aperture ratio to improve the color shift phenomenon produced in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle. The position of the target area on the target display panel is the same as the position of the test area on the test display panel, and the position of at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area is the same as the position of at least part of the first sub-pixel units in the test area.

[0007] Optionally, the step of obtaining color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle specifically includes:

[0008] Determine the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area when the test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0009] Optionally, the step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be manufactured to have a target aperture ratio according to the color shift information specifically includes:

[0010] According to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area are controlled to have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same.

[0011] Optionally, the target display panel comprises a pixel defining layer, the pixel defining layer defines a plurality of opening areas, and the sub-pixel units in the target display panel are arranged in the opening areas in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0012] The step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area to have a target aperture ratio according to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area specifically includes:

[0013] According to the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the at least partial opening area defined by the pixel defining layer in the target area is controlled to have a target size, so that the at least partial second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least partial opening area has a target aperture ratio.

[0014] Optionally, the step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area to have a target aperture ratio according to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area specifically includes:

[0015] When the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area is the smallest, the second sub-pixel unit located in the target area is controlled to have a target opening ratio that is smaller than the test opening ratio of the first sub-pixel unit.

[0016] Optionally, the test area and the target area both include at least a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit;

[0017] The first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the red sub-pixel unit; or, the first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the green sub-pixel unit; or, the first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the blue sub-pixel unit.

[0018] Optionally, the test display panel includes a test plane display area and a test curved surface display area; the test area includes the test plane display area or the test curved surface display area;

[0019] The step of obtaining the color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle specifically includes:

[0020] Determine a viewing angle when viewing the test area, and a bending angle corresponding to the test area, wherein the bending angle includes an angle between a middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the test area and a plane corresponding to the test plane display area;

[0021] Obtaining the first viewing angle according to the viewing angle and the bending angle;

[0022] Color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test area is viewed at the first viewing angle is obtained.

[0023] Optionally, the step of obtaining the first viewing angle according to the viewing angle and the bending angle specifically includes:

[0024] The viewing angle is added to the bending angle to obtain the first viewing angle.

[0025] Optionally, when the test area includes the test plane display area, the bending angle is 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the viewing angle.

[0026] Optionally, when the test area includes the test curved surface display area, the viewing angle when viewing the test curved surface display area is determined to be 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the bending angle.

[0027] Based on the technical solution of the above-mentioned color cast compensation method, the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a display panel, wherein at least part of the second sub-pixel units within a target area of ​​the display panel have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same, thereby improving the color cast phenomenon produced in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0028] Optionally, the display panel includes a pixel defining layer, which defines a plurality of opening areas, and the sub-pixel units in the display panel are arranged one by one in the opening areas; at least part of the opening areas defined by the pixel defining layer within the target area have a target size, so that at least part of the second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least part of the opening area has a target aperture ratio.

[0029] Optionally, the target area includes at least a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit;

[0030] The red sub-pixel unit located in the target area has the target aperture ratio; or,

[0031] The green sub-pixel unit located in the target area has the target aperture ratio; or,

[0032] The blue sub-pixel units located in the target area have the target aperture ratio.

[0033] Optionally, the display panel includes a target plane display area and a target curved surface display area, and the target area includes the target plane display area or the target curved surface display area.

[0034] The first viewing angle includes: the sum of the viewing angle when viewing the target area and the bending angle corresponding to the target area, and the bending angle is: the angle between the middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the target area and the plane corresponding to the target plane display area.

[0035] Optionally, when the target area includes the target plane display area, the bending angle is 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the viewing angle.

[0036] Optionally, when the target area includes the target curved display area, the viewing angle when viewing the target curved display area is determined to be 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the bending angle.

[0037] Based on the technical solution of the above-mentioned display panel, a third aspect of the present disclosure provides a display device, comprising the above-mentioned display panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 Brightness attenuation curves corresponding to each sub-pixel unit at different viewing angles provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 2 The compensation relationship between the aperture ratio and display brightness of the sub-pixel unit at different viewing angles provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a target flat display area and a target curved display area of ​​a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a target aperture ratio corresponding to a sub-pixel unit located in a target area of ​​a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to further illustrate the color cast compensation method, display panel, and display device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, a detailed description is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0044] In the related art, in order to meet the needs of actual application scenarios, OLED display devices are generally designed as curved screens. When users watch the curved screen display, they will see color cast in some areas, which seriously affects the user experience. Based on the existence of this problem, the inventors of the present disclosure have found through research that when a user watches a target area of ​​the display device, due to the different viewing angles and the bending angles of the curved screen in the target area, the brightness attenuation degrees of sub-pixel units of different colors seen by the user are different, resulting in the color cast of the picture displayed in the target area seen by the user.

[0045] The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered through further research that, since the bending angles of the curved screen in the display device at various positions are predetermined when the display device is actually manufactured, a test display device can be first manufactured according to actual requirements, and then the relationship between the viewing angle, the bending angle of the target area and the color cast phenomenon of the target area can be determined by viewing the target area of ​​the trial display device at different viewing angles. After determining the relationship among the three, the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the display device to be actually manufactured can be adjusted according to the relationship among the three, thereby compensating for the color cast phenomenon and improving the user experience.

[0046] The present disclosure provides a method for compensating for color cast, including:

[0047] Acquire color shift information corresponding to a test area of ​​a test display panel when the test area is viewed at a first viewing angle, wherein at least part of first sub-pixel units in the test area have a test aperture ratio;

[0048] According to the color shift information, at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be produced are controlled to have a target aperture ratio, and the target aperture ratio is different from the test aperture ratio to improve the color shift phenomenon produced in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle. The position of the target area on the target display panel is the same as the position of the test area on the test display panel, and the position of at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area is the same as the position of at least part of the first sub-pixel units in the test area.

[0049] Specifically, when actually manufacturing a display panel (i.e., the target display panel mentioned above), parameters such as the actual size, bending position, and bending angle of the display panel are predetermined. Therefore, in the development stage of the target display panel, a conventional manufacturing method can be used to first manufacture a test display panel according to the preset size, bending position, and bending angle. At least part of the first sub-pixel units included in the test area of ​​the test display panel have a test aperture ratio. Then, the test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle, and color shift information corresponding to the test area is obtained. The color shift information represents the color shift of the test area of ​​the test display panel when viewed at the first viewing angle. When testing a domain, the color deviation of the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel, and the color deviation compensation method required for different color deviation situations, exemplarily, the color deviation information indicates that the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel is reddish, and it is necessary to reduce the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit in the test area of ​​the test display panel to the target aperture ratio; or the color deviation information indicates that the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel is greenish, and it is necessary to reduce the aperture ratio of the green sub-pixel unit in the test area of ​​the test display panel to the target aperture ratio; in the above two cases, the first sub-pixel unit is the red sub-pixel unit or the green sub-pixel unit.

[0050] After acquiring the color shift information, the aperture ratio of the second sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be produced can be determined according to the color shift information. Exemplarily, at least a portion of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be produced can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio, which is different from the test aperture ratio of at least a portion of the first sub-pixel units, and the remaining sub-pixel units in the target display panel except for the at least a portion of the second sub-pixel units can continue to be controlled to have the same aperture ratio as the remaining sub-pixel units in the test display panel except for the at least a portion of the first sub-pixel units, so as to improve the color shift phenomenon produced in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0051] It should be noted that the test display panel and the target display panel have the same size, the same bending position and bending angle, and the sub-pixel units included in the test display panel correspond one-to-one with the sub-pixel units included in the target display panel, and the corresponding sub-pixel units have the same position and the same color; moreover, the position of the target area on the target display panel is the same as the position of the test area on the test display panel, and the position of at least part of the second sub-pixel unit in the target area is the same as the position of at least part of the first sub-pixel unit in the test area. In addition, when the manufactured target display panel is actually used, the first viewing angle for viewing the target area of ​​the target display panel is the same as the first viewing angle for viewing the test area of ​​the test display panel.

[0052] In the color shift compensation method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, color shift information corresponding to the test area when the test display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle is first obtained, and then based on the color shift information, corresponding at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be manufactured are controlled to have a target aperture ratio, thereby improving the color shift phenomenon generated in the target area during display, so that when the user views the target display area of ​​the target display panel at the first viewing angle, the color shift phenomenon is weakened or eliminated, thereby effectively improving the user experience.

[0053] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle specifically includes:

[0054] determining brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to sub-pixel units of different colors within the test area when the test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle;

[0055] The step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be manufactured to have a target aperture ratio according to the color shift information specifically includes:

[0056] According to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area are controlled to have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same.

[0057] Specifically, obtaining the color cast information corresponding to the test area of ​​the test display panel viewed at a first viewing angle may specifically include: determining the brightness attenuation ratios of the sub-pixel units of different colors included in the test area of ​​the test display panel at different viewing angles. For example, when the sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the test display panel include: red sub-pixel units, green sub-pixel units, blue sub-pixel units, and white sub-pixel units, specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The horizontal axis represents the first viewing angle, and the vertical axis represents the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors, wherein RL represents the brightness attenuation curve corresponding to the red sub-pixel unit, GL represents the brightness attenuation curve corresponding to the green sub-pixel unit, BL represents the brightness attenuation curve corresponding to the blue sub-pixel unit, and WL represents the brightness attenuation curve corresponding to the white sub-pixel unit.

[0058] After determining the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area when the test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle, the aperture ratio compensation information corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area can be determined based on the brightness attenuation ratio of the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area of ​​the test display panel, and then at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area are controlled to have a target aperture ratio based on the aperture ratio compensation information.

[0059] In more detail, when the test area is viewed at a first viewing angle, when the brightness attenuation ratio of a sub-pixel unit of a certain color (i.e., a first sub-pixel unit) in the test area is less than the brightness attenuation ratios of sub-pixel units of other colors in the test area, the corresponding aperture ratio compensation information can be determined as follows: reducing the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel unit of a certain color (i.e., a second sub-pixel unit) in the target area of ​​the target display panel to the first target aperture ratio, or increasing the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel units of other colors in the target area of ​​the target display panel to the second target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratio of the second sub-pixel unit is the same as or close to the brightness attenuation ratios of sub-pixel units of other colors in the target area, that is, when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle, the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area have the same or close brightness attenuation ratios.

[0060] Exemplarily, at different first viewing angles, the corresponding relationship between the brightness change of the red sub-pixel unit (i.e., the second sub-pixel unit) in the target area of ​​the target display panel and the target aperture ratio that the red sub-pixel unit should have is shown in Table 1 below:

[0061] First viewing angle (degrees) Brightness changes Target aperture ratio 0 0 5.98％ 10 5％ 5.68％ 20 10％ 5.38％ 30 20％ 4.92％

[0062] Table 1

[0063] The brightness change in the above Table 1 represents the percentage of brightness attenuation, and the target aperture ratio is the target aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit located in the target area of ​​the target display panel.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The middle horizontal axis represents the first viewing angle, the right vertical axis represents the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit in the test area of ​​the test display panel, the left vertical axis represents the display brightness of the red sub-pixel unit in the test area of ​​the test display panel, curve A represents the compensation change curve of the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit at different first viewing angles, and curve B represents the display brightness curve of the red sub-pixel unit at different first viewing angles. Figure 2It can be seen that as the first viewing angle increases, the brightness of the red sub-pixel unit gradually increases, and the corresponding aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit should gradually decrease.

[0065] In the color cast compensation method provided in the above embodiment, according to the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area when the test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle, at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area are controlled to have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same, thereby greatly improving the color cast phenomenon generated in the target area when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0066] In some embodiments, the target display panel includes a pixel defining layer, the pixel defining layer defines a plurality of opening areas, and the sub-pixel units in the target display panel are arranged in the opening areas in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0067] The step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area to have a target aperture ratio according to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area specifically includes:

[0068] According to the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the at least partial opening area defined by the pixel defining layer in the target area is controlled to have a target size, so that the at least partial second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least partial opening area has a target aperture ratio.

[0069] Specifically, taking the OLED display panel as an example, when forming the sub-pixel unit in the display panel, generally, a plurality of opening areas corresponding to the sub-pixel units are first defined by a pixel definition layer, and then a corresponding sub-pixel unit is formed in each opening area. Therefore, the size of the opening area determines the aperture ratio of the corresponding sub-pixel unit.

[0070] In the compensation method provided in the above embodiment, it is possible to control at least a portion of the opening area defined by the pixel defining layer in the target area to have a target size according to the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, so that the at least a portion of the second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least a portion of the opening area can have the target aperture ratio. It can be seen that the compensation method provided in the above embodiment achieves effective compensation for the aperture ratio of the second sub-pixel unit when producing the target area of ​​the target display panel, thereby better improving the color deviation phenomenon produced in the target area when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle.

[0071] In some embodiments, the step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area to have a target aperture ratio according to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area may specifically include:

[0072] When the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area is the smallest, the second sub-pixel unit located in the target area is controlled to have a target opening ratio that is smaller than the test opening ratio of the first sub-pixel unit.

[0073] Further, the test area and the target area both include at least a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit; the first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the red sub-pixel unit; or, the first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the green sub-pixel unit; or, the first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the blue sub-pixel unit.

[0074] Specifically, when the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the red sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the red sub-pixel unit located in the target area is controlled to have a target aperture ratio, which is smaller than the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit in the test area; or, when the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the green sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the green sub-pixel unit located in the target area is controlled to have a target aperture ratio, which is smaller than the aperture ratio of the green sub-pixel unit in the test area; or, when the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the blue sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the blue sub-pixel unit located in the target area is controlled to have a target aperture ratio, which is smaller than the aperture ratio of the blue sub-pixel unit in the test area.

[0075] In more detail, when the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the red sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel will be viewed as reddish at the first viewing angle. Therefore, the red sub-pixel unit located in the target area can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio that is smaller than the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit in the test area, so that the luminous brightness of the red sub-pixel unit in the target area can be reduced, so that when the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area of ​​the target display panel are viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units are the same, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of the target area displaying a reddish color when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0076] When the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the green sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel will be viewed as greenish at the first viewing angle. Therefore, the green sub-pixel unit located in the target area can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio that is smaller than the aperture ratio of the green sub-pixel unit in the test area, so that the luminous brightness of the green sub-pixel unit in the target area can be reduced, so that when the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area of ​​the target display panel are viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units are the same, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of the target area displaying a green tint when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0077] When the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the blue sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel will be viewed as bluish at the first viewing angle. Therefore, the blue sub-pixel unit located in the target area can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio that is smaller than the aperture ratio of the blue sub-pixel unit in the test area, so that the luminous brightness of the blue sub-pixel unit in the target area can be reduced, so that when the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area of ​​the target display panel are viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units are the same, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of the target area displaying a bluish tint when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0078] In some embodiments, the test display panel includes a test plane display area and a test curved surface display area; the test area includes the test plane display area or the test curved surface display area;

[0079] The step of obtaining the color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle specifically includes:

[0080] Determine a viewing angle when viewing the test area, and a bending angle corresponding to the test area, wherein the bending angle includes an angle between a middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the test area and a plane corresponding to the test plane display area;

[0081] Obtaining the first viewing angle according to the viewing angle and the bending angle;

[0082] Color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test area is viewed at the first viewing angle is obtained.

[0083] Specifically, the test display panel includes a test plane display area and a test curved surface display area, wherein the test curved surface display area is located at the periphery of the test plane display area, the display screen surface of the test plane display area is a plane structure, and the display screen surface of the test curved surface display area is a curved structure.

[0084] When a viewer watches the image displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel, the color cast phenomenon seen by the viewer is related to the viewing angle when viewing the test area, and the bending angle corresponding to the test area, wherein the bending angle is the angle formed between the middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the test area and the plane corresponding to the test plane display area; therefore, after obtaining the viewing angle and the bending angle, the first viewing angle can be obtained based on the viewing angle and the bending angle, and then the color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test area is viewed at the first viewing angle can be obtained.

[0085] Since the first viewing angle is obtained according to the viewing angle and the bending angle, the color shift information obtained based on the first viewing angle takes into account both the viewing angle of the viewer and the bending angle of the test area. In this way, when compensating the second sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the target display panel according to the color shift information, the color shift phenomenon caused by the viewing angle and the color shift phenomenon caused by the bending angle can be compensated, thereby more effectively realizing the compensation of the color shift phenomenon of the target display panel and further improving the user experience.

[0086] It is worth noting that the range of the first viewing angle can be determined according to actual needs, and can be selected to be between 0 and 30 degrees, that is, the color cast information generated in the test area of ​​the test display panel within the viewing angle range of 0 to 30 degrees is obtained.

[0087] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the first viewing angle according to the viewing angle and the bending angle may specifically include:

[0088] The viewing angle is added to the bending angle to obtain the first viewing angle.

[0089] Specifically, when the viewer views the test area of ​​the test display substrate, the viewer may set the first viewing angle to be the sum of the viewing angle and the bending angle, and obtain the color cast information corresponding to the test area when viewing the test area of ​​the test display substrate at the first viewing angle.

[0090] By adding the viewing angle and the bending angle to obtain the first viewing angle, the color shift information obtained based on the first viewing angle takes into account both the viewing angle of the viewer and the bending angle of the test area. In this way, when compensating the sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display substrate according to the color shift information, the color shift phenomenon caused by the viewing angle and the color shift phenomenon caused by the bending angle can be compensated, thereby more effectively realizing the compensation for the color shift phenomenon of the target display substrate and improving the user experience.

[0091] In some embodiments, when the test area includes the test plane display area, the bending angle is 0 degrees, and the first viewing angle is equal to the viewing angle.

[0092] Specifically, since the above-mentioned test plane display area is a planar structure, the bending angle corresponding to the test plane display area is 0 degree, that is, the color shift phenomenon seen by the viewer is only related to the viewing angle, so the viewing angle can be determined to be the first viewing angle; then, when the test plane display area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle, the color shift information corresponding to the test plane display area is obtained; then, based on the color shift information, the aperture ratio of the second sub-pixel unit of the target plane display area of ​​the target display panel is compensated, so that when the target plane display area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle, no color shift phenomenon is seen, thereby effectively improving the user experience.

[0093] In some embodiments, when the test area includes the test curved surface display area, the viewing angle when viewing the test curved surface display area is determined to be 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the bending angle.

[0094] Specifically, since there is uncertainty in the viewing angle when the viewer views the target curved surface display area of ​​the target display panel, in order to avoid the uncertainty of the corresponding color shift information obtained when viewing the test curved surface display area of ​​the test display panel at different viewing angles, the viewing angle can be set to 0 degrees (that is, the viewer looks directly at the target curved surface display area), that is, the bending angle is used as the first viewing angle, and the corresponding color shift information is obtained based on the first viewing angle.

[0095] In more detail, in the related art, the test display panel includes a test plane display area and a test curved display area with a bending angle. In the test plane display area and the test curved display area, the aperture ratio corresponding to each sub-pixel unit is shown in Tables 2 and 3 below, where R represents a red sub-pixel unit, G represents a green sub-pixel unit, and B represents a blue sub-pixel unit.

[0096]

[0097] Table 2

[0098]

[0099] Table 3

[0100] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when the picture displayed in the test curved surface display area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle and is reddish, the red sub-pixel unit (i.e., the second sub-pixel unit) of the target curved surface display area 11 of the target display panel 1 can be compensated based on the acquired color cast information, that is, the red sub-pixel units located at different bending angles in the target curved surface display area 11 have a target aperture ratio, as shown in Tables 4 to 6 below:

[0101]

[0102] Table 4

[0103]

[0104] Table 5

[0105]

[0106] Table 6

[0107] It can be seen from Tables 4 to 6 that the target aperture ratio of each sub-pixel unit included in the target plane display area 10 of the target display panel 1 is not adjusted, the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit R included in the portion 110 with a bending angle of 10 degrees in the target curved surface display area 11 of the target display panel is reduced by 0.3%, and the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit R included in the portion 111 with a bending angle of 20 degrees in the target curved surface display area 11 of the target display panel 1 is reduced by 0.6%, so that when the target curved surface display area 11 of the target display panel 1 is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios of the sub-pixel units of various colors included in the target curved surface display area 11 are the same, thereby ensuring that no color cast is observed when the target curved surface display area 11 of the target display panel 1 is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0108] It should be noted that since the compensation for the aperture ratio of the second sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the target display panel is only a fine-tuning of the size of the aperture ratio, that is, the brightness of the white light formed by the sub-pixel unit in the target area after adjustment is only about 20 nit different from the brightness of the white light formed by the sub-pixel unit in the non-target area, even if the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the target display panel is compensated, it is not easy for the human eye to perceive the difference between the brightness of the white light emitted by the target area and the brightness of the white light emitted by the non-target area, thereby better ensuring the user experience.

[0109] The disclosed embodiment also provides a display panel, which uses the color deviation compensation method provided in the above embodiment to compensate for the color deviation. At least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the display panel have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same, thereby improving the color deviation phenomenon produced in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0110] When the color deviation compensation method provided in the above-mentioned embodiment is used to compensate the color deviation of the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a conventional production method can be adopted during the development stage of the display panel to first produce a test display panel according to parameters such as preset size, bending position and bending angle, and then a test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle to obtain the color deviation information corresponding to the test area.

[0111] After acquiring the color shift information, the aperture ratio of each sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the display panel to be produced and provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure (i.e., the target display panel mentioned in the above embodiment) can be determined according to the color shift information. Exemplarily, at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the display panel to be produced can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio, and the remaining sub-pixel units in the display panel except for the at least part of the second sub-pixel units can be controlled to have the same aperture ratio as the corresponding sub-pixel units in the test display panel; after determining the aperture ratio of each sub-pixel unit included in the target area of ​​the display panel, each sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the display panel can be produced based on the aperture ratio of each sub-pixel unit included in the target area.

[0112] The display panel provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure uses the color deviation compensation method provided by the above embodiment to compensate for the color deviation, so that at least part of the sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the display panel have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same, thereby improving the color deviation phenomenon caused by the sub-pixel units in the target area, so that when the user views the target display area of ​​the display panel at the first viewing angle, the color deviation phenomenon is weakened or eliminated, effectively improving the user experience.

[0113] In some embodiments, the display panel includes a pixel defining layer, which defines a plurality of opening areas, and the sub-pixel units in the display panel are arranged one by one in the opening areas; at least a portion of the opening areas defined by the pixel defining layer within the target area have a target size, so that the at least portion of the second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least portion of the opening area has a target aperture ratio.

[0114] Specifically, taking the OLED display panel as an example, when forming the sub-pixel unit in the display panel, generally, a plurality of opening areas corresponding to the sub-pixel units are first defined by a pixel definition layer, and then a corresponding sub-pixel unit is formed in each opening area. Therefore, the size of the opening area determines the aperture ratio of the corresponding sub-pixel unit.

[0115] When manufacturing the display panel provided by the above embodiment, the at least partial opening area defined by the pixel defining layer in the target area can be controlled to have a target size according to the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, so that the at least partial second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least partial opening area can have the target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same, thereby effectively avoiding the color cast phenomenon produced in the target area when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0116] In some embodiments, the target area includes at least a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit, and a blue sub-pixel unit;

[0117] The red sub-pixel unit located in the target area has the target aperture ratio; or,

[0118] The green sub-pixel unit located in the target area has the target aperture ratio; or,

[0119] The blue sub-pixel units located in the target area have the target aperture ratio.

[0120] Specifically, when the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the red sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel will be viewed as reddish at the first viewing angle. Therefore, the red sub-pixel unit located in the target area can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio that is smaller than the aperture ratio of the red sub-pixel unit in the test area, so that the luminous brightness of the red sub-pixel unit in the target area can be reduced, so that when the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area of ​​the target display panel are viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units are the same, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of the target area displaying a reddish color when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0121] When the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the green sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel will be viewed as greenish at the first viewing angle. Therefore, the green sub-pixel unit located in the target area can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio that is smaller than the aperture ratio of the green sub-pixel unit in the test area, so that the luminous brightness of the green sub-pixel unit in the target area can be reduced, so that when the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area of ​​the target display panel are viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units are the same, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of the target area displaying a green tint when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0122] When the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the blue sub-pixel unit is the smallest among the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel will be viewed as bluish at the first viewing angle. Therefore, the blue sub-pixel unit located in the target area can be controlled to have a target aperture ratio that is smaller than the aperture ratio of the blue sub-pixel unit in the test area, so that the luminous brightness of the blue sub-pixel unit in the target area can be reduced, so that when the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area of ​​the target display panel are viewed at the first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units are the same, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of the target area displaying a bluish tint when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

[0123] In some embodiments, the display panel includes a target plane display area and a target curved surface display area, the target area includes the target plane display area or the target curved surface display area,

[0124] The first viewing angle includes: the sum of the viewing angle when viewing the target area and the bending angle corresponding to the target area, and the bending angle is: the angle between the middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the target area and the plane corresponding to the target plane display area.

[0125] Specifically, when color deviation compensation is performed on the display panel provided in the above embodiment based on the color deviation compensation method provided in the above embodiment, the color deviation phenomenon seen by the viewer when watching the picture displayed in the test area of ​​the test display panel is related to the viewing angle when viewing the test area, and the bending angle corresponding to the test area, wherein the bending angle is the angle formed by the middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the test area and the plane corresponding to the test plane display area; therefore, after obtaining the viewing angle and the bending angle, the viewing angle and the bending angle can be added to obtain the first viewing angle, and then the color deviation information corresponding to the test area when the test area is viewed at the first viewing angle can be obtained.

[0126] In this way, after obtaining the color shift information corresponding to the test area when viewing the test area at the first viewing angle, at least part of the second sub-pixels in the target area of ​​the display panel provided in the above embodiment can be compensated based on the color shift information, so that at least part of the second sub-pixels in the target area of ​​the display panel have a target aperture ratio, thereby effectively improving the color shift phenomenon seen by the viewer when viewing the target area at the first viewing angle.

[0127] It should be noted that since the display panel (i.e., the target display panel) provided in the above embodiment has the same size, the same bending position and the same bending angle as the test display panel, the target plane display area included in the display panel and the test plane display area included in the test display panel have the same size and position, and the target curved surface display area included in the display panel and the test curved surface display area included in the test display panel have the same size and position.

[0128] In addition, since when the test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle, the first viewing angle includes: the sum of the viewing angle when viewing the test area and the bending angle corresponding to the test area; therefore, when the target area of ​​the target display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle, the first viewing angle should include: the sum of the viewing angle when viewing the target area and the bending angle corresponding to the target area, the bending angle includes: the angle between the middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the target area and the plane corresponding to the target plane display area. Moreover, the viewing angle when viewing the test area of ​​the test display panel is the same as the viewing angle when viewing the target area of ​​the display panel.

[0129] Since the first viewing angle is obtained by adding the viewing angle and the bending angle, the color shift information obtained based on the first viewing angle takes into account both the viewing angle of the viewer and the bending angle of the test area. When compensating the second sub-pixel unit in the target area of ​​the display panel provided in the above embodiment according to the color shift information, the color shift phenomenon caused by the viewing angle and the color shift phenomenon caused by the bending angle can be compensated for simultaneously, thereby further improving the user experience.

[0130] In some embodiments, when the target area includes the target planar display area, the bending angle is 0 degrees, and the first viewing angle is equal to the viewing angle.

[0131] Specifically, when color deviation compensation is performed on the display panel provided by the above embodiment based on the color deviation compensation method provided by the above embodiment, when the test area includes the test plane display area, since the above test plane display area is a planar structure, the bending angle corresponding to the test plane display area is 0 degree, that is, the color deviation phenomenon seen by the viewer is only related to the viewing angle, and therefore the viewing angle can be determined to be the first viewing angle; then, the color deviation information corresponding to the test plane display area is obtained when the test plane display area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle; and then, based on the color deviation information, the aperture ratio of the second sub-pixel unit of the target plane display area of ​​the target display panel is compensated, so that when the target plane display area of ​​the display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle, no color deviation phenomenon is seen, thereby effectively improving the user experience.

[0132] It is worth noting that after compensation, when the display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle, the first viewing angle may be equal to the viewing angle when the test area is viewed during the test phase.

[0133] In some embodiments, when the target area includes the target curved display area, the viewing angle when viewing the target curved display area is determined to be 0 degrees, and the first viewing angle is equal to the bending angle.

[0134] Specifically, since there is uncertainty in the viewing angle when the viewer views the target curved display area of ​​the display panel provided in the above embodiment, during the testing phase, the first viewing angle can be determined to be equal to the bending angle, and based on the first viewing angle, the corresponding color deviation information is obtained. According to the color deviation information, the second sub-pixel unit of the target curved display area of ​​the display panel provided in the above embodiment is compensated, so that when the target curved display area of ​​the display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle, no color deviation phenomenon is seen, thereby effectively improving the user experience.

[0135] It is worth noting that after compensation, when the display panel is viewed at a first viewing angle, the first viewing angle may be equal to the bending angle.

[0136] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display device, comprising the display panel provided by the above embodiment.

[0137] Since the display panel provided in the above embodiment includes the target area, the user will not see color cast when viewing the target area of ​​the display panel at the first viewing angle, thereby effectively improving the user experience. Therefore, the display device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can also achieve the above beneficial effects when including the above display panel, which will not be repeated here.

[0138] It should be noted that the display device can be any product or component with a display function, such as a television, a monitor, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc., wherein the display device also includes a flexible circuit board, a printed circuit board and a backplane, etc.

[0139] It should be noted that each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the product embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0140] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0141] It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” or “under” another element, it can be “directly on” or “under” the other element or intervening elements may be present.

[0142] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0143] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure, which should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A color cast compensation method, comprising: Acquire color shift information corresponding to a test area of ​​a test display panel when the test area is viewed at a first viewing angle, wherein at least part of first sub-pixel units in the test area have a test aperture ratio; According to the color shift information, controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be manufactured to have a target aperture ratio, wherein the target aperture ratio is different from the test aperture ratio, so as to improve the color shift phenomenon generated in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle, wherein the position of the target area on the target display panel is the same as the position of the test area on the test display panel, and the position of at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area is the same as the position of at least part of the first sub-pixel units in the test area; The test display panel and the target display panel have the same size, the same bending position and the same bending angle.

2. The color cast compensation method according to claim 1, wherein: The step of obtaining the color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle specifically includes: Determine the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area when the test area of ​​the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle.

3. The color cast compensation method according to claim 2, wherein: The step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units in the target area of ​​the target display panel to be manufactured to have a target aperture ratio according to the color shift information specifically includes: According to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area are controlled to have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same.

4. The color cast compensation method according to claim 3, wherein: The target display panel comprises a pixel defining layer, the pixel defining layer defines a plurality of opening areas, and the sub-pixel units in the target display panel are arranged in the opening areas in a one-to-one correspondence; The step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area to have a target aperture ratio according to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area specifically includes: According to the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area, the at least partial opening area defined by the pixel defining layer in the target area is controlled to have a target size, so that the at least partial second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least partial opening area has a target aperture ratio.

5. The color cast compensation method according to claim 3, wherein: The step of controlling at least part of the second sub-pixel units located in the target area to have a target aperture ratio according to the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area specifically includes: When the brightness attenuation ratio corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the test area is the smallest, the second sub-pixel unit located in the target area is controlled to have a target opening ratio that is smaller than the test opening ratio of the first sub-pixel unit.

6. The color cast compensation method according to claim 5, wherein: The test area and the target area both include at least a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit; The first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the red sub-pixel unit; or, the first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the green sub-pixel unit; or, the first sub-pixel unit and the second sub-pixel unit both include the blue sub-pixel unit.

7. The color shift compensation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The test display panel includes a test plane display area and a test curved surface display area; the test area includes the test plane display area or the test curved surface display area; The step of obtaining the color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test display panel is viewed at the first viewing angle specifically includes: Determine a viewing angle when viewing the test area, and a bending angle corresponding to the test area, wherein the bending angle includes an angle between a middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the test area and a plane corresponding to the test plane display area; Obtaining the first viewing angle according to the viewing angle and the bending angle; Color cast information corresponding to the test area when the test area is viewed at the first viewing angle is obtained.

8. The color cast compensation method according to claim 7, wherein: The step of obtaining the first viewing angle according to the viewing angle and the bending angle specifically includes: The viewing angle is added to the bending angle to obtain the first viewing angle.

9. The color cast compensation method according to claim 8, wherein: When the test area includes the test plane display area, the bending angle is 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the viewing angle.

10. The color cast compensation method according to claim 8, wherein: When the test area includes the test curved surface display area, the viewing angle when viewing the test curved surface display area is determined to be 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the bending angle.

11. A display panel, wherein at least part of the second sub-pixel units in a target area of ​​the display panel have a target aperture ratio, so that when the target area is viewed at a first viewing angle, the brightness attenuation ratios corresponding to the sub-pixel units of different colors in the target area are the same, thereby improving the color cast phenomenon generated in the target area when the target area is viewed at the first viewing angle; The display panel includes a target plane display area and a target curved surface display area, the target area includes the target plane display area or the target curved surface display area, The first viewing angle includes: The sum of the viewing angle when viewing the target area and the bending angle corresponding to the target area, wherein the bending angle is the angle between the middle tangent plane of the curved surface corresponding to the target area and the plane corresponding to the target plane display area.

12. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein: The display panel comprises a pixel defining layer, wherein the pixel defining layer defines a plurality of opening areas, and the sub-pixel units in the display panel are arranged in the opening areas in a one-to-one correspondence; At least a portion of the opening area defined by the pixel definition layer in the target area has a target size, so that at least a portion of the second sub-pixel unit formed in the at least a portion of the opening area has a target aperture ratio.

13. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein: The target area includes at least a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit; The red sub-pixel unit located in the target area has the target aperture ratio; or, The green sub-pixel unit located in the target area has the target aperture ratio; or, The blue sub-pixel units located in the target area have the target aperture ratio.

14. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein: When the target area includes the target plane display area, the bending angle is 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the viewing angle.

15. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein: When the target area includes the target curved display area, the viewing angle when viewing the target curved display area is determined to be 0 degree, and the first viewing angle is equal to the bending angle.

16. A display device comprising the display panel according to any one of claims 11 to 15.

Images