A Subgrade Settlement Monitoring Device and Observation Method for High-Speed Railways in Goaf Sites

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for monitoring the settlement of a high-speed railway subgrade in a goaf area, which includes a laser signal receiving wall, an automatic level adjustment platform, a laser emission port A, a laser emission port B, a circuit receiving module board, a laser receiver M, a laser receiver N, a microcomputer receiving control system, and the laser receiver M is embedded in the front surface of the laser signal receiving wall. The laser emission port B is connected to the ground plane through the automatic level adjustment platform. The laser emission port A, the laser receiver N, and a circuit receiving module board are all embedded on the side surface of the train. Its settlement observation method includes five steps: positioning of the subgrade observation equipment, construction of the laser signal receiving wall, assembly of the vehicle body observation structure, settlement observation, and settlement judgment. The present invention realizes the purpose of accurately detecting the settlement of the subgrade in the goaf area at a relatively low cost; at the same time, it realizes the real-time judgment and early warning of the train operation state under the condition of uneven settlement in the comparison site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a settlement monitoring device and an observation method for a high-speed railway subgrade in a goaf area, belonging to the technical field of engineering detection. Background Art

[0002] China is rich in underground resources, and the area of ground subsidence caused by mining has been continuously expanding in the past few decades. With the rapid economic development, in recent years, China's high-speed railway network has gradually taken shape in the pattern of "four vertical and four horizontal". With amazing development speed and excellent strength, China's high-speed railways have won high recognition from the international community. However, due to the existence of many goafs in major underground resource mining provinces, the planning and popularization of high-speed railways have become difficult, seriously lagging behind the development of China's transportation industry. High-speed rail EMUs are extremely sensitive to uneven settlement of the subgrade. The current track geometry state detector (track inspection trolley) can only monitor the railway tracks during the railway operation window period. There are many conditional restrictions and a large amount of manual labor is required. Although a certain accuracy can be ensured, the efficiency is not high. And the uneven settlement of the subgrade poses a great threat to the safe operation of the EMUs.

[0003] Therefore, it is extremely urgent to find a settlement monitoring device and method suitable for the high-speed railway subgrade in the goaf area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies and provide a settlement monitoring device and an observation method for a high-speed railway subgrade in a goaf area.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for monitoring the settlement of a high-speed railway subgrade in a goaf area, comprising a laser signal receiving wall, an automatic level adjustment platform, a laser emission port A, a laser emission port B, a circuit receiving module board, a laser receiver M, a laser receiver N and a microcomputer receiving control system. The laser signal receiving wall is a wall structure with a rectangular cross-section and is distributed parallel to the railway axis. Its lower end surface is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through a number of automatic level adjustment platforms. There are two circuit receiving module boards in total, and both are electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system. One of the circuit receiving module boards and the laser receiver M are embedded in the front end surface of the laser signal receiving wall and are distributed parallel to the horizontal plane. The laser receiver M is electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board, and the optical axis of the laser receiver M is perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall. There is at least one laser emission port B, which is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through an automatic level adjustment platform, and the optical axis of the laser emission port B is parallel to the optical axis of the laser receiver M. The laser emission port A, the laser receiver N and the other circuit receiving module board are all embedded in the side surface of the train opposite to the laser signal receiving wall. The laser emission port A and the laser receiver N are both electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board. The optical axes of the laser emission port A and the laser receiver N are parallel to the optical axes of the laser receiver M and the laser emission port B. Among them, the optical axis of the laser emission port A and the optical axis of the laser receiver M are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane, and the optical axis of the laser receiver N and the optical axis of the laser emission port B are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane. There are two microcomputer receiving control systems in total, and the two microcomputer receiving control systems are connected through a communication network. One of the microcomputer receiving control systems is embedded in the rear end surface of the laser signal receiving wall, and the other microcomputer receiving control system is embedded in the train. The microcomputer receiving control system located at the laser signal receiving wall is also respectively electrically connected to each automatic level adjustment platform and the laser emission port B.

[0007] Furthermore, the automatic leveling adjustment platform includes a bearing base, a lifting drive mechanism, a three-dimensional turntable, a three-dimensional displacement platform, a bearing plate, a positioning fixture, a photovoltaic panel, a battery pack, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor, an inclination sensor and a driving circuit. The bearing base is a cylindrical cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section. The battery pack and the driving circuit are both embedded in the bearing base. The three-dimensional turntable is located directly above the bearing base and is coaxially distributed with the bearing base. The lower end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base through at least one lifting drive mechanism, and the upper end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the bearing plate through the three-dimensional displacement platform. The carrier plate has a "凵"-shaped groove structure in cross section. The positioning fixture is connected to the upper end surface of the carrier plate and is coaxially distributed. The photovoltaic panels are respectively covered on the upper end surface of the carrier plate and the outer surface of the carrier base. The displacement sensors are respectively located on the lifting drive mechanism and the three-dimensional displacement platform. There is at least one angle sensor and one inclination sensor, which are respectively connected to the three-dimensional turntable. The lifting drive mechanism, three-dimensional turntable, three-dimensional displacement platform, photovoltaic panels, battery packs, displacement sensors, angle sensors, and inclination sensors are all electrically connected to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is also electrically connected to a microcomputer receiving control system.

[0008] Furthermore, when there is one lifting drive mechanism, the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the upper end surface of the supporting base and is coaxially distributed; when there are two or more lifting drive mechanisms, each lifting drive mechanism is evenly distributed around the axis of the supporting base and is connected to the outer surface of the supporting base, and the lifting drive mechanism is any one of an electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a screw mechanism, a rack and pinion mechanism, and a worm gear mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the driving circuit is a circuit system based on an industrial single chip microcomputer, and a charging and discharging control circuit is also provided.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance between the laser signal receiving wall and the laser emission port B and the outer side of the railway is 5-10 meters, and the laser emission port A is located above the first bogie of the train and 10 cm below the carriage window.

[0011] Furthermore, the circuit receiving module board has a width of 5-10 cm, and there are a plurality of laser receivers M and laser receivers N, which are evenly distributed on the front end surface of each circuit receiving module board, and the rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board is slidably connected to the laser signal receiving wall through an adjustment mechanism, and is displaced 0-50 cm in the vertical direction through the adjustment mechanism.

[0012] Further, the adjustment mechanism includes linear drive rails, sliders, brakes, and displacement sensors. There are at least two linear drive rails which are arranged in parallel with each other. The linear drive rails are perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall. Each linear drive rail is connected to the rear end face of the circuit receiving module board through at least two sliders. Another brake and a displacement sensor are provided on each slider. The brake and the displacement sensor are both connected to the linear drive rail. The linear drive rail, the brake, and the displacement sensor are also electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system.

[0013] Further, toughened glass protection panels are provided on the outer surfaces of the laser receivers M and N.

[0014] Further, the microcomputer receiving control system is a circuit data processing system based on any one of an industrial computer, a PC computer, and a mobile intelligent communication terminal.

[0015] A settlement observation method for a high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device in a goaf area includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. Positioning of subgrade observation equipment: According to the evaluation of the suitability of the goaf area for construction and the stability of the foundation, and meeting the requirements of subgrade stability under load conditions, select the starting position of the laser receiving wall outside the settlement influence range of the goaf along the planned line, arrange the level surface, and fixedly install and set the fixed-point laser transmitter module B. After the installation of the transmitter module is completed, it is at the same height as the midline position of the circuit receiving module board of the EMU body.

[0017] S2. Construction of the laser signal receiving wall: Excavate and set independent foundations within the range of 5 - 10 m outside the subgrade and not affected by the dynamic load of the train. After the foundation is completed, erect the laser receiving wall. The length of the receiving wall extends along the subgrade direction all the time, covering the entire length of the goaf influence range. If the conditions for setting independent foundations on the site are limited, set a seismic isolation trench between the laser receiving wall and the subgrade. When affected by uneven settlement of the site, it is necessary to ensure that the wall can be kept in a vertical state, and establish a data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the train and the remote monitoring platform.

[0018] S3. Assembly of the body observation structure: At the body position 10 cm below the window of the EMU car body, internally install the circuit receiving module board Q of the laser receiver module with a body through-length width of 5 cm. At the body position 10 cm above the window on the corresponding car body of the first bogie at the front end of the train, internally install the laser emission port A. Control the laser emission inside the train, and establish a data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the laser signal receiving wall and the remote monitoring platform.

[0019] S4. Settlement Observation: Before the train runs to the position of Laser Transmitter Module B, turn on Laser Transmitter Modules A and B respectively. Record the vertical displacement of the train body during the running process through the circuit receiving module board of the laser receiver module. Among them, the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board Q is the vertical displacement change during the running process of the train body before entering the goaf area, to judge whether the EMU has corrugation; the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board P is the vertical displacement change during the running process of the train body after entering the goaf area, to judge whether there is uneven settlement caused by residual deformation in the subgrade within the site, and the corrugation position and the settlement occurrence position can be identified through the corresponding sensor labels.

[0020] S5. Settlement Judgment: If the feedback signals of circuit receiving module boards P and Q plotted into a visualization graph are both straight lines, it indicates that there is no residual settlement deformation in the subgrade within the site, the rail has no corrugation, and the train operation is safe; if the feedback signals of circuit receiving module boards P and Q plotted into a visualization graph are both curves and change in the same way, it indicates that there is no residual settlement deformation in the subgrade within the site, but the rail has corrugation, and appropriate operation and maintenance are required; if the feedback signal of circuit receiving module board Q is a straight line and the feedback signal of P is a curve with a floating range within 2 mm / 10 m, it indicates that the rail has no corrugation, but there is uneven settlement caused by residual deformation in the subgrade within the site, and appropriate operation and maintenance are required; if the feedback signal of circuit receiving module board Q is a straight line and the feedback signal of P is a curve with a floating range exceeding 2 mm / 10 m, it indicates that the rail has no corrugation, but there is uneven settlement caused by residual deformation in the subgrade within the site, and an immediate warning is required and operation and maintenance of the goaf area section of the site are required.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] (1) The high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device and construction method applicable to goaf areas provided by the present invention utilize the advantages of small laser emission angle, high measurement accuracy, long ranging distance, and stable and reliable results, and achieve the settlement monitoring of the subgrade in goaf areas at a relatively low cost.

[0023] (2) By setting up a "track - vehicle" two-way laser emission and reception module within the site, the actual accurate running track of the train can be obtained, and the settlement monitoring is visualized through the microcomputer control terminal, and whether there is uneven settlement within the site is compared in real time according to the coded position.

[0024] (3) Through the comprehensive judgment of the feedback signals of the two-way laser sensors, it can be judged whether the train is operating normally and an immediate warning can be given after uneven settlement occurs in the site, further ensuring the safety of high-speed railway operation in similar sites such as goaf areas, karst areas, and collapsible loess areas. It not only makes the planning and development of the national high-speed railway network more convenient, but also highlights the construction significance of "green mines". Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of an automatic level adjustment platform;

[0027] Figure 3 Another structural schematic diagram of the automatic level adjustment platform;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the observation method process of the present invention. Specific implementation manner

[0029] As Figure 1 —3 shows, a gob area site high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device, including a laser signal receiving wall 1, an automatic level adjustment platform 2, a laser emission port A 3, a laser emission port B 4, a circuit receiving module board 5, a laser receiver M 6, a laser receiver N 7 and a microcomputer receiving control system 8. The laser signal receiving wall 1 is a wall structure with a rectangular cross-section and is distributed parallel to the railway axis. Its lower end surface is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through a plurality of automatic level adjustment platforms 2. There are two circuit receiving module boards 5 in total, and both are electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system 8. One of the circuit receiving module boards 5 and the laser receiver M 6 are embedded in the front end surface of the laser signal receiving wall 1 and are distributed parallel to the horizontal plane. The laser receiver M 6 is electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board 5, and the optical axis of the laser receiver M 6 is vertically distributed with the axis of the laser signal receiving wall 1. There is at least one laser emission port B 4, which is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through the automatic level adjustment platform 2, and the optical axis of the laser emission port B 4 is parallel to the optical axis of the laser receiver M 6. The laser emission port A 3, the laser receiver N 7 and the other circuit receiving module board 5 are all embedded on the side surface of the train 9 opposite to the laser signal receiving wall 1. The laser emission port A 3 and the laser receiver N 7 are both electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board 5. The optical axes of the laser emission port A 3 and the laser receiver N 7 are parallel to the optical axes of the laser receiver M 6 and the laser emission port B 4. Among them, the optical axis of the laser emission port A 3 and the optical axis of the laser receiver M 6 are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane, and the optical axis of the laser receiver N 7 and the optical axis of the laser emission port B 4 are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane. There are two microcomputer receiving control systems 8 in total, and the two microcomputer receiving control systems 8 are connected through a communication network. One of the microcomputer receiving control systems 8 is embedded in the rear end surface of the laser signal receiving wall 1, and the other microcomputer receiving control system 8 is embedded in the train 9. Among them, the microcomputer receiving control system 8 located at the laser signal receiving wall 1 is respectively electrically connected to each automatic level adjustment platform 2 and the laser emission port B 4.

[0030] It should be specially explained that the automatic leveling adjustment platform 2 includes a bearing base 21, a lifting drive mechanism 22, a three-dimensional turntable 23, a three-dimensional displacement platform 24, a bearing plate 25, a positioning fixture 26, a photovoltaic panel 27, a battery pack 28, a displacement sensor 29, an angle sensor 201, an inclination sensor 202 and a driving circuit 203. The bearing base 21 is a columnar cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section. The battery pack 28 and the driving circuit 203 are both embedded in the bearing base 21. The three-dimensional turntable 23 is located directly above the bearing base 21 and is coaxially distributed with the bearing base 21. The lower end surface of the three-dimensional turntable 23 is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base 21 through at least one lifting drive mechanism 22, and the upper end surface of the three-dimensional turntable 23 is connected to the bearing plate 25 through the three-dimensional displacement platform 24. The carrier plate 25 has a "凵"-shaped groove structure in cross section, the positioning fixture 26 is connected to the upper end surface of the carrier plate 25 and is coaxially distributed, a plurality of photovoltaic panels 27 are respectively covered on the upper end surface of the carrier plate 25 and the outer surface of the carrier base 21, a plurality of displacement sensors 29 are respectively located on the lifting drive mechanism 22 and the three-dimensional displacement platform 24, there is at least one angle sensor 201 and inclination sensor 202, and they are respectively connected to the three-dimensional turntable 23, the lifting drive mechanism 22, the three-dimensional turntable 23, the three-dimensional displacement platform 24, the photovoltaic panel 27, the battery pack 28, the displacement sensor 29, the angle sensor 201, and the inclination sensor 202 are all electrically connected to the drive circuit 203, and the drive circuit 203 is also electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system 8.

[0031] It is worth noting that when there is one lifting drive mechanism 22, the lifting drive mechanism 22 is connected to the upper end surface of the supporting base 21 and is coaxially distributed; when there are two or more lifting drive mechanisms 22, each lifting drive mechanism 22 is evenly distributed around the axis of the supporting base 21 and is connected to the outer surface of the supporting base 21. The lifting drive mechanism 22 is any one of an electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a screw mechanism, a rack and pinion mechanism, and a worm gear mechanism.

[0032] At the same time, the photovoltaic power generation panel 27 is slidably connected to the bearing base 21 and the lifting bearing plate 25 via a guide rail 204 , and the guide rail 204 is hinged to the bearing base 21 and the lifting bearing plate 25 via a hinge mechanism 205 .

[0033] In this embodiment, the driving circuit 203 is a circuit system based on an industrial single chip microcomputer, and a charging and discharging control circuit is also provided.

[0034] It is worth noting that the distance between the laser signal receiving wall 1 and the laser emission port B4 and the outer side of the railway is 5-10 meters, and the laser emission port A3 is located above the first bogie of the train 9, 10 cm below the carriage window.

[0035] In addition, the circuit receiving module board 5 has a width of 5 - 10 cm. A number of laser receivers M6 and laser receivers N7 are evenly distributed on the front end face of each circuit receiving module board 5. The rear end face of the circuit receiving module board 5 is slidably connected to the laser signal receiving wall 1 through the adjusting mechanism 10, and can be displaced by 0 - 50 cm in the vertical direction through the adjusting mechanism 10.

[0036] In this embodiment, the adjusting mechanism 10 includes linear drive rails 101, sliders 102, brakes 103, and displacement sensors 29. Among them, at least two linear drive rails 101 are distributed in parallel with each other. The linear drive rails 101 are perpendicularly distributed to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall 1. Each linear drive rail 101 is connected to the rear end face of the circuit receiving module board 5 through at least two sliders 102. Another brake 103 and a displacement sensor 29 are provided on each slider 102. The brakes 103 and displacement sensors 29 are both connected to the linear drive rails 101. The linear drive rails 101, brakes 103, and displacement sensors 29 are all electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system 8.

[0037] Further optimized, toughened glass protection panels are provided on the outer surfaces of the laser receivers M and laser receivers N.

[0038] Further optimized, the microcomputer receiving control system is a circuit data processing system based on any one of an industrial computer, a PC computer, and a mobile intelligent communication terminal.

[0039] As Figure 4 shown, a settlement observation method for a settlement monitoring device of a high - speed railway subgrade in a goaf area includes the following steps:

[0040] S1, Positioning of subgrade observation equipment. According to the evaluation of the suitability of the goaf area for construction and the stability of the foundation, and meeting the requirements of subgrade stability under load conditions, select the starting position of the laser receiving wall outside the settlement influence range of the goaf on the planned line, arrange the level surface, and fixedly install and set the fixed - point laser emitter module B. After the installation of the emitter module is completed, it is at the same height as the mid - line position of the circuit receiving module board of the EMU body.

[0041] S2, Construction of the laser signal receiving wall. Excavate and set independent foundations within the range of 5 - 10 m outside the subgrade where the dynamic load of the train is not affected. After the foundation is completed, erect the laser receiving wall. The length of the receiving wall extends along the subgrade direction all the time, covering the entire length of the goaf influence range. If the conditions for setting independent foundations in the site are limited, set a seismic isolation ditch between the laser receiving wall and the subgrade. When affected by uneven settlement of the site, it is necessary to ensure that the wall can be kept in a vertical state, and establish a data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the train and the remote monitoring platform.

[0042] S3. Assembly of the vehicle body observation structure. At a position on the vehicle body 10 cm below the window of the EMU car, a laser receiver module circuit receiving module board Q with a through - length width of 5 cm of the vehicle body is built - in. At a position on the vehicle body 10 cm above the upper side of the corresponding car window of the first bogie at the front end of the train, a laser emission port A is built - in. Laser emission is controlled inside the train, and a data connection is established between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the laser signal receiving wall and the remote monitoring platform.

[0043] S4. Settlement observation. Before the train runs to the position of the laser emitter module B, turn on the laser emitter modules A and B respectively. Record the vertical displacement of the vehicle body during the train's travel through the laser receiver module circuit receiving module board. Among them, the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board Q is the vertical displacement change during the vehicle body's travel before entering the goaf area, to judge whether the EMU generates corrugation; the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board P is the vertical displacement change during the vehicle body's travel after entering the goaf area, to judge whether uneven settlement caused by residual deformation occurs in the subgrade within the site, and the corrugation position and the settlement occurrence position can be discriminated through the corresponding sensor labels.

[0044] S5. Settlement judgment. If the feedback signals of the circuit receiving module boards P and Q plotted into the visualization graph are both straight lines, it indicates that there is no residual settlement deformation in the subgrade within the site, the rail does not generate corrugation, and the train operation is safe; if the feedback signals of the circuit receiving module boards P and Q plotted into the visualization graph are both curves and change in the same way, it indicates that there is no residual settlement deformation in the subgrade within the site, but the rail generates corrugation, and appropriate operation and maintenance are required; if the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board Q is a straight line, the feedback signal of the board P is a curve and the floating range is within 2 mm / 10 m, it indicates that the rail does not generate corrugation, but uneven settlement caused by residual deformation occurs in the subgrade within the site, and appropriate operation and maintenance are required; if the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board Q is a straight line, the feedback signal of the board P is a curve and the floating range exceeds 2 mm / 10 m, it indicates that the rail does not generate corrugation, but uneven settlement caused by residual deformation occurs in the subgrade within the site, and an immediate warning is required and operation and maintenance are carried out on the section of the goaf area.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0046] (1) The high - speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device and construction method applicable to the goaf area provided by the present invention utilize the advantages of small laser emission angle, high measurement accuracy, long ranging distance, and stable and reliable results, and achieve the settlement monitoring of the subgrade in the goaf area at a relatively low cost.

[0047] (2) By setting up a two-way laser emission and reception module for "track - vehicle" within the site, the actual accurate operation trajectory of the train can be obtained, and the settlement monitoring can be visualized through the microcomputer control terminal. Whether there is uneven settlement within the site can be compared in real time according to the coded position.

[0048] (3) Through the comprehensive judgment of the feedback signals of the two-way laser sensors, it can be determined whether the train is operating normally and an early warning can be issued in real time after uneven settlement occurs in the site, further ensuring the safety of high-speed railway operation in similar sites such as goaf areas, karst areas, and collapsible loess areas. This not only makes the planning and development of the national high-speed railway network more convenient, but also highlights the significance of the construction of "green mines".

[0049] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device for a goaf site, characterized in that: The gob area site high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device includes a laser signal receiving wall, an automatic level adjustment platform, a laser emission port A, a laser emission port B, a circuit receiving module board, a laser receiver M, a laser receiver N, and a microcomputer receiving control system. The laser signal receiving wall has a rectangular cross-section and is a wall structure parallel to the railway axis. Its lower end surface is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through a number of automatic level adjustment platforms. There are two circuit receiving module boards in total, both of which are electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system. One of the circuit receiving module boards and the laser receiver M are embedded in the front end surface of the laser signal receiving wall and are parallel to the horizontal plane. The laser receiver M is electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board, and the optical axis of the laser receiver M is perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall. There is at least one laser emission port B, which is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through an automatic level adjustment platform, and the optical axis of the laser emission port B is parallel to the optical axis of the laser receiver M. The laser emission port A, the laser receiver N, and the other circuit receiving module board are all embedded in the side surface of the train opposite to the laser signal receiving wall. Among them, the laser emission port A and the laser receiver N are both electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board, and the optical axes of the laser emission port A and the laser receiver N are parallel to the optical axes of the laser receiver M and the laser emission port B. Among them, the optical axis of the laser emission port A and the optical axis of the laser receiver M are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane, and the optical axis of the laser receiver N and the optical axis of the laser emission port B are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane. There are two microcomputer receiving control systems in total, and the two microcomputer receiving control systems are connected through a communication network. One of the microcomputer receiving control systems is embedded in the rear end surface of the laser signal receiving wall, and the other microcomputer receiving control system is embedded in the train. Among them, the microcomputer receiving control system located at the laser signal receiving wall is also respectively electrically connected to each automatic level adjustment platform and the laser emission port B; The automatic leveling adjustment platform includes a bearing base, a lifting drive mechanism, a three-dimensional turntable, a three-dimensional displacement platform, a bearing plate, a positioning fixture, a photovoltaic panel, a battery pack, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor, an inclination sensor and a driving circuit. The bearing base is a columnar cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section. The battery pack and the driving circuit are embedded in the bearing base. The three-dimensional turntable is located directly above the bearing base and is coaxially distributed with the bearing base. The lower end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base through at least one lifting drive mechanism. The upper end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the bearing plate through the three-dimensional displacement platform. The plate is a "凵"-shaped groove structure in cross section, the positioning fixture is connected to the upper end surface of the carrier plate and coaxially distributed, the photovoltaic power generation panels are several, respectively covered on the upper end surface of the carrier plate and the outer surface of the carrier base, the displacement sensors are several, respectively located on the lifting drive mechanism and the three-dimensional displacement platform, the angle sensor and the inclination sensor are at least one, and are respectively connected to the three-dimensional turntable, the lifting drive mechanism, the three-dimensional turntable, the three-dimensional displacement platform, the photovoltaic power generation panel, the battery pack, the displacement sensor, the angle sensor, and the inclination sensor are all electrically connected to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is also electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system; The distance between the laser signal receiving wall and the laser emission port B and the outer side of the railway is 5-10 meters. The laser emission port A is located above the first bogie of the train and 10 cm below the carriage window.

2. The high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device for a goaf site according to claim 1, wherein: When there is one lifting drive mechanism, the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the upper end surface of the bearing base and is coaxially distributed; when there are two or more lifting drive mechanisms, each lifting drive mechanism is evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing base and is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base. The lifting drive mechanism is any one of an electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a screw mechanism, a rack and pinion mechanism, and a worm gear mechanism.

3. The settlement monitoring device for the high-speed railway subgrade in the gob area according to claim 1, wherein: The driving circuit is a circuit system based on an industrial single chip microcomputer, and a charging and discharging control circuit is also provided.

4. The settlement monitoring device for high-speed railway subgrade in goaf area according to claim 1, wherein: The circuit receiving module board has a width of 5-10cm. There are a plurality of laser receivers M and laser receivers N, which are evenly distributed on the front end of each circuit receiving module board. The rear end of the circuit receiving module board is slidably connected to the laser signal receiving wall through an adjustment mechanism, and is displaced 0-50cm in the vertical direction through the adjustment mechanism.

5. The settlement monitoring device for the high-speed railway subgrade in the goaf site according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes a linear drive guide rail, a slider, a brake, and a displacement sensor, wherein the linear drive guide rails are at least two and are distributed parallel to each other, the linear drive guide rails are distributed perpendicularly to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall, and each linear drive guide rail is connected to the rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board through at least two sliders, a brake and a displacement sensor are also arranged on the slider, the brake and the displacement sensor are both connected to the linear drive guide rail, and the linear drive guide rail, the brake, and the displacement sensor are also electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system.

6. The high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device for a goaf site according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the laser receiver M and the laser receiver N are both provided with tempered glass protection panels.

7. The settlement monitoring device for the high-speed railway subgrade in the goaf site according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described microcomputer receiving control system is a circuit data processing system based on any one of an industrial computer, a PC computer, and a mobile intelligent communication terminal.

8. A settlement observation method for the settlement monitoring device of the high-speed railway subgrade in the goaf site according to claim 1, characterized in that: The settlement observation method of the gob area site high-speed railway subgrade settlement monitoring device includes the following steps: S1. Positioning of subgrade observation equipment: According to the evaluation of the suitability of the gob area site construction and the foundation stability, and meeting the subgrade stability requirements under the load condition, select the starting position of the laser receiving wall outside the settlement influence range of the gob area on the planned line, arrange the level surface, and fixedly install the set-point laser transmitter module B. After the installation of the transmitter module is completed, it is at the same height as the center line position of the circuit receiving module board of the EMU body. S2. Construction of the laser signal receiving wall: Excavate and set up an independent foundation within the range of 5 - 10 m outside the subgrade where it is not affected by the train dynamic load. After the foundation is completed, build the laser receiving wall. The length of the receiving wall extends along the subgrade direction and covers the entire length of the gob area influence range. If the condition for setting up an independent foundation in the site is limited, set up a seismic isolation trench between the laser receiving wall and the subgrade. When affected by the uneven settlement of the site, it is necessary to ensure that the wall can be kept in a vertical state, and establish a data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the train and the remote monitoring platform. S3. Assembly of the body observation structure: Inside the body position 10 cm below the window of the EMU car body, install the circuit receiving module board Q of the laser receiver module with a body-through length and width of 5 cm. Inside the body position 10 cm above the window on the side corresponding to the first bogie at the front end of the train, install the laser emission port A. Control the laser emission inside the train, and establish a data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the laser signal receiving wall and the remote monitoring platform. S4. Settlement observation: Before the train runs to the position of the laser transmitter module B, turn on the laser transmitter modules A and B respectively. Record the vertical displacement of the car body during the train's progress through the circuit receiving module board of the laser receiver module. Among them, the feedback signal of Q is the vertical displacement change during the car body's progress before entering the gob area site, to judge whether the EMU generates corrugation; the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board P is the vertical displacement change during the car body's progress after entering the gob area site, to judge whether uneven settlement caused by residual deformation occurs in the subgrade within the site, and the corrugation position and the settlement occurrence position can be discriminated through the corresponding sensor labels. S5, Settlement judgment: If the feedback signals of circuit receiving module boards P and Q plotted into the visualization graph are both straight lines, the train operation is safe; if the feedback signals of P and Q plotted into the visualization graph are both curves and change consistently, it indicates that there is no remaining settlement deformation of the subgrade within the site, but corrugation has occurred on the rails, and appropriate operation and maintenance are required; if the feedback signal of circuit receiving module board Q is a straight line, and the feedback signal of P is a curve with a floating range within 2 mm / 10 m, it indicates that no corrugation has occurred on the rails, but uneven settlement caused by remaining deformation has occurred in the subgrade within the site, and appropriate operation and maintenance are required; if the feedback signal of circuit receiving module board Q is a straight line, and the feedback signal of P is a curve with a floating range exceeding 2 mm / 10 m, it indicates that no corrugation has occurred on the rails, but uneven settlement caused by remaining deformation has occurred in the subgrade within the site, and an immediate warning is required and operation and maintenance should be carried out on the mined-out area site section.

Images