Photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater

Abstract

The present invention provides a photovoltaic phase-change energy-gathering electric heater, comprising: a radiator and a radiator base, the radiator being detachably connected to the radiator base, a phase-change material being arranged in the radiator, the radiator comprising an upper transverse tube, a lower transverse tube and a plurality of radiator risers, each of which is provided with an electric heating element, the radiator riser being arranged between the upper transverse tube and the lower transverse tube, the upper and lower ends of the radiator riser being respectively connected with the upper transverse tube and the lower transverse tube, the left end of the upper transverse tube being provided with a liquid injection port, the liquid injection port being used to inject the phase-change material, and a liquid injection port screw plug being arranged on the liquid injection port. The photovoltaic phase-change energy-gathering electric heater provided by the present invention adopts photovoltaic and phase-change technologies, utilizes solar energy and two-phase and three-phase mains power supply, is convenient for users with three-phase power supply conditions, is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and reduces heating costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of indoor electric heating, and in particular to a photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater. Background Art

[0002] Thermal storage electric heaters are generally divided into two categories based on the thermal storage material. One is solid thermal storage type, that is, the thermal storage body is solid material and no phase change occurs during the application process. This type of electric heater uses thermal storage bricks as the thermal storage body, with internal electric heating tubes for heating, and external insulation and outer shell. Its disadvantages include unstable thermal properties, limited thermal storage capacity, insufficient heating heat, and uncontrollable heat transfer process. Therefore, it is not a mature heating technology, but only an experimental product of some manufacturers. The other is phase change energy storage type. Phase change materials have high energy density, constant temperature phase change, and considerable latent heat. Under a certain thermal capacity, they have the smallest volume, lightest weight, and least space. They can work under low-temperature equipment structures, reducing the equipment's requirements for the temperature resistance of the materials used. However, the relevant technologies of phase change materials are relatively complex and are mostly used in the aerospace field or building cold protection field, and are rarely used in electric heaters.

[0003] From the perspective of heating power supply, whether it is solid thermal storage electric heaters, phase change thermal storage equipment or hot water thermal storage equipment, they all use a single power supply, using grid electricity, that is, municipal electricity, and rarely using photovoltaic composite heating, resulting in excessively high heating costs and serious energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater, which adopts photovoltaic and phase change technology, utilizes solar energy and two-phase and three-phase city electricity for composite power supply, is convenient for users with three-phase power supply conditions, saves energy and is environmentally friendly, and reduces heating costs.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater, comprising: a radiator and a radiator base, wherein the radiator is detachably connected to the radiator base, a phase-change material is arranged in the radiator, the radiator comprises an upper transverse tube of the radiator, a lower transverse tube of the radiator and a plurality of radiator risers, wherein the radiator riser is arranged between the upper transverse tube of the radiator and the lower transverse tube of the radiator, the upper and lower ends of the radiator riser are respectively connected with the upper transverse tube of the radiator and the lower transverse tube of the radiator, an electric heating element is arranged in each of the radiator risers, and the electric heating element is used to heat the phase-change material, a liquid injection port is arranged at the left end of the upper transverse tube of the radiator, the liquid injection port is used to inject the phase-change material, a liquid injection port screw plug is arranged on the liquid injection port, an exhaust valve is arranged at the right end of the upper transverse tube of the radiator, and the number of the radiator risers is determined according to the heating area;

[0007] The photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater further comprises a plurality of temperature measuring elements, which are arranged in the radiator riser to detect the temperature in the radiator;

[0008] The radiator base is provided with a time relay, a conversion switch, a single-phase electrical socket, a three-phase electrical socket, a photovoltaic socket, and a temperature control device. The single-phase electrical socket, the three-phase electrical socket and the photovoltaic socket are respectively connected to the conversion switch. The conversion switch is connected to the time relay and is used to select the power supply socket according to time. There are three temperature control devices, namely a first temperature control device, a second temperature control device and a third temperature control device. The electric heating elements are evenly divided into three groups, namely a first group of electric heating elements, a second group of electric heating elements and a third group of electric heating elements. The first group of electric heating elements is connected to the first temperature control device, the second group of electric heating elements is connected to the second temperature control device, and the third group of electric heating elements is connected to the third temperature control device. The three temperature control devices control the temperatures of the three groups of electric heating elements respectively. The single-phase electrical socket, the three-phase electrical socket and the photovoltaic socket are respectively used to supply power to the electric heating elements. There are three temperature measuring elements, which are respectively arranged in the radiator riser where the three groups of electric heating elements are located, and are connected to the three temperature control devices for detecting the temperature in the radiator.

[0009] Optionally, the conversion switch includes a first conversion switch and a second conversion switch, the time relay is connected to the first conversion switch, the first conversion switch is connected to the first relay contactor, the first relay contactor is connected to the multi-gang relay contactor, a second relay contactor is connected between the first relay contactor and the multi-gang relay contactor, the second relay contactor is connected to one end of the second conversion switch, and the first relay contactor is connected to the other end of the second conversion switch, the three groups of electric heating elements are connected in parallel, and each group of electric heating elements is connected in series, the J1 end of the multi-gang relay contactor is connected to the first group of electric heating elements and the first temperature control device, the J2 end of the multi-gang relay contactor is connected to the second group of electric heating elements and the second temperature control device, and the J3 end of the multi-gang relay contactor is connected to the third group of electric heating elements and the third temperature control device.

[0010] The first conversion switch is connected to the photovoltaic socket and the single-phase electricity socket. The time relay controls the first conversion switch to connect the socket according to time. The photovoltaic socket is connected to the light period for power supply, and the single-phase electricity socket is connected to the non-light period for power supply. The second relay contactor is connected to the three-phase electricity socket. The second conversion switch controls the switching between two-phase electricity and three-phase electricity. The second conversion switch is normally closed and two-phase electricity is connected. When three-phase electricity is connected, the closed contact is disconnected to switch the main circuit to three-phase power supply.

[0011] Optionally, the temperature control device includes a single-control switch, a temperature controller and a temperature control screen, the multi-connection relay contactor is connected to the single-control switch, the single-control switch is connected to the temperature controller, the temperature controller is connected to the temperature control screen, and the temperature control screen is used to set the upper limit temperature value and the lower limit temperature value and to check the temperature of the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater.

[0012] Optionally, the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater also includes a solar energy template, which is connected to the photovoltaic socket. The solar energy template is a battery array in groups of 6, and the power matches the thermal power of the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater.

[0013] Optionally, a plurality of screws are provided on the lower transverse tube of the radiator, and screw mounting holes corresponding to the screws are provided on the radiator base. The screws pass through the screw mounting holes and fix the radiator to the radiator base through gaskets and nuts.

[0014] Optionally, the electric heating element includes an outer tube, a bolt joint arranged at the lower end of the outer tube, and an insulating filler, an electric heating alloy wire, an insulator, and an insulating sheath arranged inside the outer tube. The electric heating alloy wire is used to generate an electric heating effect. A plurality of internal threaded joints corresponding to the bolt joints are welded on the lower horizontal tube of the radiator. The bolt joint passes through the internal threaded joint to fix the electric heating element in the vertical pipe of the radiator. The outer tube is made of heat-resistant stainless steel material. A heat-conducting rod is welded at the upper end of the outer tube to improve the heat transfer of the phase change material in the solid state.

[0015] Optionally, the temperature measuring element includes a temperature sensor and an outer tube, the temperature sensor is arranged in the outer tube, the lower cross tube of the radiator is provided with outer tube mounting holes corresponding to the three temperature measuring elements, the outer tube is arranged in the outer tube mounting holes, and the temperature sensor is connected to the temperature control device through the lead at the lower end of the outer tube.

[0016] Optionally, the phase change material is an inorganic crystalline hydrated salt.

[0017] Optionally, casters are provided at the lower end of the radiator base, and the casters are used to move the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater.

[0018] Optionally, the upper transverse tube, the lower transverse tube and the vertical tube of the radiator are all made of metal materials, and the radiator base is made of stainless steel or carbon steel plate material.

[0019] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater provided by the present invention combines photovoltaic and phase change technologies, saves energy, reduces heating costs, can switch between two-phase and three-phase mains electricity according to conditions, and is convenient for users with three-phase power supply conditions to use. By using this electric heater, half of the heating power supply cycle is in the off-peak period every day, which alleviates the power supply pressure in the peak period to a certain extent; no water system is used, no pipes, water pumps and related facilities, no installation problems, and it can be used by plugging in, simplifying the heating process; the phase change material used is non-toxic and odorless, non-flammable and non-explosive, realizing clean heating, and the phase change material has a suitable phase change temperature and boiling point, which can be used in the workplace When the operating temperature is pressed, it has high phase change latent heat, specific heat capacity and mass density, and thus higher energy density than non-phase change materials, and has a significant energy gathering effect. Under the condition of achieving the same heating effect, it has the lightest weight, smallest volume and least space. A temperature controller and a temperature control screen are used to adjust the temperature intuitively. The radiator and the radiator base are connected by screws, which is very stable. Casters are provided at the lower end of the radiator base to facilitate the movement of the electric heater. The number of radiator risers and the filling amount of phase change material can be determined according to the heating area, and the number and power of the electric heating elements can be further determined. When the sun is sufficient, it can be converted into photovoltaic power supply, which saves energy and reduces heating costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of a photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is an axonometric diagram of a photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the radiator structure;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the radiator base structure;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric heating element and the temperature measuring element;

[0027] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the radiator and the radiator base;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature display screen;

[0030] Fig.10 This is a heating cycle curve diagram.

[0031] Figure numerals: 1, radiator; 101, upper transverse tube of radiator; 102, vertical tube of radiator; 103, lower transverse tube of radiator; 2, phase change material; 3, exhaust valve; 4, radiator base; 5, caster; 6, screw rod; 7, nut; 8, bolt joint; 9, liquid injection port plug; 10, heat conducting rod; 11, electric heating element; 12, temperature measuring element; 13, temperature sensor; 14, outer tube; 15, first temperature control device; 16, second temperature control device; 1 7. The third temperature control device; 18. The three-phase electrical socket; 19. The photovoltaic socket; 20. The single-phase electrical socket; 21. The time relay; 22. The first single-control switch; 23. The second single-control switch; 24. The third single-control switch; 25. The outer tube mounting hole; 26. The screw mounting hole; 27. The internal threaded joint; 28. The upper limit temperature setting key; 29. ​​The lower limit temperature setting key; 30. The first group of electric heating elements; 31. The second group of electric heating elements; 32. The third group of electric heating elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater, which adopts photovoltaic and phase change technology, utilizes solar energy and two-phase and three-phase city electricity for composite power supply, is convenient for users with three-phase power supply conditions, saves energy and is environmentally friendly, and reduces heating costs.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1-10As shown, the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises: a radiator 1 and a radiator base 4, wherein the radiator 1 is detachably connected to the radiator base 4, wherein a phase change material 2 is arranged in the radiator 1, wherein the radiator 1 comprises an upper transverse tube 101 of the radiator, a lower transverse tube 103 of the radiator and a plurality of radiator risers 102, wherein the radiator risers 102 are arranged between the upper transverse tube 101 of the radiator and the lower transverse tube 103 of the radiator, wherein the upper and lower ends of the radiator risers 102 are respectively connected to the upper transverse tube 101 of the radiator and the lower transverse tube 103 of the radiator, and wherein each of the radiator risers 102 is provided with a An electric heating element 11 is provided, and the electric heating element 11 is used to heat the phase change material 2. A liquid injection port is provided at the left end of the upper horizontal tube 101 of the radiator, and the liquid injection port is used to inject the phase change material 2. A liquid injection port plug 9 is provided on the liquid injection port. An exhaust valve 3 is provided at the right end of the upper horizontal tube 101 of the radiator. The heat dissipation area of ​​the radiator 1 is determined by the number of the radiator risers 102. The heat dissipation, i.e., the heating heat, also depends on the inner cavity volume of the radiator 1, i.e., the filling amount of the phase change material 2. The number of the radiator risers 102 is determined according to the heating area, and the number of the electric heating elements 11 depends on the number of the radiator risers 102;

[0036] The photovoltaic phase-change concentrated energy electric heater further comprises a plurality of temperature measuring elements 12, which are arranged in the radiator riser 102 and are used to detect the temperature in the radiator 1;

[0037] The radiator base 4 is provided with a time relay 21, a conversion switch, a single-phase electrical socket 20, a three-phase electrical socket 18, a photovoltaic socket 19, and a temperature control device. The single-phase electrical socket 20, the three-phase electrical socket 18, and the photovoltaic socket 19 are respectively connected to the conversion switch, and the conversion switch is connected to the time relay 21 for selecting a power supply socket according to time. There are three temperature control devices, namely a first temperature control device 15, a second temperature control device 16, and a third temperature control device 17. The electric heating elements 11 are evenly divided into three groups, namely a first group of electric heating elements 30, a second group of electric heating elements 31, and a third group of electric heating elements 32. The first group of electric heating elements 30 is connected to the first temperature control device 15, The second group of electric heating elements 31 is connected to the second temperature control device 16, the third group of electric heating elements 32 is connected to the third temperature control device 17, and the three temperature control devices respectively control the temperatures of the three groups of electric heating elements. The single-phase electrical socket 20, the three-phase electrical socket 18 and the photovoltaic socket 19 are respectively used to supply power to the electric heating elements. There are three temperature measuring elements 12, which are respectively arranged in the radiator risers 102 where the three groups of electric heating elements are located, and are connected to the three temperature control devices for detecting the temperature in the radiator 1. For example, when the number of the radiator risers 102 is 15, the temperature measuring elements 12 are arranged in the third radiator riser, the eighth radiator riser and the thirteenth radiator riser.

[0038] like Figure 8 As shown, the conversion switch includes a first conversion switch JE and a second conversion switch JD, the time relay 21 is connected to the first conversion switch JE, the first conversion switch JE is connected to the first relay contactor JB, the first relay contactor JB is connected to the multi-connected relay contactor JA, a second relay contactor JC is connected between the first relay contactor JB and the multi-connected relay contactor JA, the second relay contactor JC is connected to one end of the second conversion switch JD, the first relay contactor JB is connected to the other end of the second conversion switch JD, the three groups of electric heating elements are connected in parallel, and the electric heating elements 11 included in each group are connected in series, the J1 end of the multi-connected relay contactor JA is connected to the first group of electric heating elements 30 and the first temperature control device 15, the J2 end of the multi-connected relay contactor JA is connected to the second group of electric heating elements 31 and the second temperature control device 16, and the J3 end of the multi-connected relay contactor JA is connected to the third group of electric heating elements 32 and the third temperature control device 17;

[0039] The first conversion switch JD is connected to the photovoltaic socket 19 and the single-phase electrical socket 20, and the time relay 21 controls the first conversion switch JE to connect the socket according to time, connects the photovoltaic socket 19 to supply power during the light period, and connects the single-phase electrical socket 20 to supply power during the non-light period; the second relay contactor JC is connected to the three-phase electrical socket 18, and the second conversion switch JD controls the switching between two-phase power and three-phase power. The second conversion switch JD is normally closed, that is, the two-phase power is connected first. When the three-phase power is turned on, the coil works, the closed contact is disconnected, and the main circuit is switched to three-phase power supply.

[0040] The temperature control device includes a single-control switch, a temperature controller and a temperature control screen. The multi-connection relay contactor JA is connected to the single-control switch, the single-control switch is connected to the temperature controller, and the temperature controller is connected to the temperature control screen. The temperature control screen is provided with an upper limit temperature setting key 28 and a lower limit temperature setting key 29 for setting the upper limit temperature value and the lower limit temperature value. The temperature control screen can also view the measured temperature value. The set upper limit temperature should be higher than the phase change temperature and lower than the boiling point temperature, and the lower limit temperature should be lower than the phase change temperature and higher than the heating temperature. The single-control switch includes a first single-control switch 22, a second single-control switch 23 and a third single-control switch 24, which are respectively used to control the opening and closing of the three groups of the electric heating elements.

[0041] The photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater also includes a solar energy template SM, which is connected to the photovoltaic socket 19. The solar energy template SM is a battery array in groups of 6, and the power matches the thermal power of the photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater.

[0042] A plurality of screws 6 are arranged on the radiator lower cross pipe 103 , and screw mounting holes 26 corresponding to the screws 6 are arranged on the radiator base 4 . The screws 6 pass through the screw mounting holes 26 and fix the radiator 1 on the radiator base 4 through gaskets and nuts 7 .

[0043] The electric heating element 11 includes an outer tube, a bolt joint 8 arranged at the lower end of the outer tube, and insulating fillers, electric heating alloy wires, insulators, and insulating sheaths arranged in the outer tube. The electric heating alloy wires are used to generate electric heating effects. A plurality of internal threaded joints 27 corresponding to the bolt joints 8 are welded on the lower horizontal tube 103 of the radiator. The bolt joints 8 pass through the internal threaded joints 27 to fix the electric heating element 11 in the radiator riser 102. The outer tube is made of heat-resistant stainless steel material. A heat-conducting rod 10 is welded on the upper end of the outer tube to improve the heat transfer of the phase change material 2 in the solid state, accelerate the temperature rise rate, and reduce the temperature difference between the upper and lower areas of the radiator 1 during the heating stage. The total power of the electric heating element 11 is determined according to the heating area, the rated heat load, the filling amount of the phase change material 2, and the heating time, so that the electric heater can complete the number of heating cycles involved just within 24 hours.

[0044] The temperature measuring element 12 includes a temperature sensor 13 and an outer tube 14. The temperature sensor 13 is disposed within the outer tube 14. On the lower horizontal tube 103 of the radiator, there are outer tube mounting holes 25 corresponding to the three temperature measuring elements 12. The outer tube 14 is disposed within the outer tube mounting holes 25. The temperature sensor 13 is connected to the temperature controller through a lead wire at the lower end of the outer tube 14, and transmits the measured information to the temperature controller. The temperature controller displays the information as a temperature value on the temperature control screen.

[0045] The phase change material 2 is an inorganic crystalline hydrate salt, and the technical parameters of the phase change material 2 are as follows:

[0046] Phase change temperature: 58 °C

[0047] Boiling point: 120 °C

[0048] Latent heat: 226 KJ / kg

[0049] Specific heat capacity (solid state): 2.79 KJ / kg·K

[0050] Density: liquid 1280 kg / m3; solid 1450 kg / m3

[0051] Thermal conductivity: 0.6 - 0.7 W / m·°C

[0052] Salt content: 60.28%

[0053] The set temperature is the upper limit temperature of 95 °C and the lower limit temperature of 45 °C.

[0054] The filling method of the phase change material is as follows: The filling amount of the phase change material 2 is determined according to the heat required for the heating area and the heat release amount of the phase change material. First, heat the phase change material 2 to a liquid state. Open the liquid injection port plug 9 and the exhaust valve 3 on the upper horizontal tube 101 of the radiator, and inject the phase change material 2 into the radiator 1. Leave an appropriate space in the cavity of the radiator 1. After the filling is completed, close the liquid injection port plug 9 and the exhaust valve 3 while the phase change material 2 is still in a liquid state, so that the radiator is in a closed state, and the internal pressure is the same as the external pressure, which is one atmospheric pressure. Because the specific volume of the liquid is greater than that of the solid, when the phase change material 2 cools and becomes solid, the internal pressure of the system is less than one atmospheric pressure, that is, P < P0, showing a negative pressure. At this time, the housing metal of the radiator 1 is under compressive stress rather than positive pressure. When the phase change material 2 is heated again to become a liquid phase, the volume of the system returns to the original state, and the pressure returns to one atmospheric pressure, that is, P = P0, and the internal and external pressures are balanced, and the housing metal is not stressed. During the positive and negative phase change processes of the heating operation, the internal pressure change ΔP of the radiator 1 is always ΔP ≤ 0, and the specific volume is only a single-valued function of temperature, so the system is safe.

[0055] The lower end of the radiator base 4 is provided with casters 5, and the casters 5 are used to move the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater.

[0056] The radiator upper transverse pipe 101, the radiator lower transverse pipe 103 and the radiator vertical pipe 110 are all made of metal materials, and the radiator base 4 is made of stainless steel or carbon steel plate.

[0057] All of the above relay contactors, transfer switches, time relays and temperature controllers can use standard parts available on the market or professional customized parts.

[0058] The operation process of the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater is as follows: use the time relay to set the time period, connect to photovoltaic electric heating during the light period, connect to mains electricity heating during the non-light period, connect to three-phase electric heating if there is three-phase electricity, otherwise connect to two-phase electricity supply, after the three-phase electricity is connected, the second conversion switch JD automatically switches the main circuit to three-phase power supply, the first temperature control device, the second temperature control device, and the third temperature control device can respectively control the temperature of a group of electric heating elements, and the on and off status of the electric heating elements can be viewed through the temperature control screen, the first single-control switch, the second single-control switch, and the third single-control switch respectively control the start and stop of a group of electric heating elements, when the single-phase electrical socket, the three-phase electrical socket, and the photovoltaic socket are respectively connected, the three groups of electric heating elements can be heated at the same time, the first temperature control device controls the heating of the first group of electric heating elements, the second temperature control device controls the heating of the second group of electric heating elements, and the third temperature control device controls the heating of the third group of electric heating elements. Fig.10 As shown, under certain power and phase change material filling amount, the upper and lower temperature limits are appropriately adjusted to achieve four heating cycles within 24 hours, two cycles during the day and two cycles at night.

[0059] The photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater provided by the present invention combines photovoltaic and phase-change technologies, saves energy, reduces heating costs, and can switch between two-phase and three-phase mains electricity according to conditions, making it convenient for users with three-phase power supply conditions to use. By using this electric heater, half of the heating power supply cycle is in the off-peak period every day, which alleviates the power supply pressure in the peak period to a certain extent; it does not use a water system, and there are no pipes, water pumps and related facilities, so there are no installation problems and it can be used by plugging in, thus simplifying the heating process; the phase-change material used is non-toxic and tasteless, non-flammable and non-explosive, thus realizing clean heating; the phase-change material has a suitable phase-change temperature and boiling point, and has a high phase-change latent heat when the working temperature is pressed. , specific heat capacity and mass density, and thus has a higher energy density than non-phase change materials, and has a significant energy gathering effect. Under the condition of achieving the same heating effect, it has the lightest weight, smallest volume, and least space. It adopts a temperature controller and a temperature control screen, and the temperature can be adjusted intuitively. The radiator and the radiator base are connected firmly by screws. Casters are provided at the lower end of the radiator base to facilitate the movement of the electric heater. The number of radiator risers and the filling amount of phase change material can be determined according to the heating area, and the number and power of the electric heating elements can be further determined. It can be converted into photovoltaic power supply when the sun is sufficient, saving energy and reducing heating costs.

[0060] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater, characterized in that: include: A radiator and a radiator base, wherein the radiator is detachably connected to the radiator base, a phase change material is arranged in the radiator, the radiator comprises an upper transverse tube, a lower transverse tube and a plurality of radiator risers, the radiator riser is arranged between the upper transverse tube and the lower transverse tube, the upper and lower ends of the radiator riser are respectively connected with the upper transverse tube and the lower transverse tube, each of the radiator risers is arranged with an electric heating element, the electric heating element is used to heat the phase change material, a liquid injection port is arranged at the left end of the upper transverse tube of the radiator, the liquid injection port is used to inject the phase change material, a liquid injection port screw plug is arranged on the liquid injection port, an exhaust valve is arranged at the right end of the upper transverse tube of the radiator, and the number of the radiator risers is determined according to the heating area; The photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater further comprises a plurality of temperature measuring elements, which are arranged in the radiator riser to detect the temperature in the radiator; The radiator base is provided with a time relay, a conversion switch, a single-phase electrical socket, a three-phase electrical socket, a photovoltaic socket and a temperature control device. The single-phase electrical socket, the three-phase electrical socket and the photovoltaic socket are respectively connected to the conversion switch. The conversion switch is connected to the time relay and is used to select the power supply socket according to the time. There are three temperature control devices, namely the first temperature control device, the second temperature control device and the third temperature control device. The electric heating elements are evenly divided into three groups, namely the first group of electric heating elements, the second group of electric heating elements and the third group of electric heating elements. The first group of electric heating elements is connected to the first temperature control device, the second group of electric heating elements is connected to the second temperature control device, and the third group of electric heating elements is connected to the third temperature control device. The three temperature control devices control the temperatures of the three groups of electric heating elements respectively. The single-phase electrical socket, the three-phase electrical socket and the photovoltaic socket are respectively used to supply power to the electric heating elements. There are three temperature measuring elements, which are respectively arranged in the radiator risers where the three groups of electric heating elements are located, and are connected to the three temperature control devices to detect the temperature in the radiator; The conversion switch includes a first conversion switch and a second conversion switch, the time relay is connected to the first conversion switch, the first conversion switch is connected to a first relay contactor, the first relay contactor is connected to a multi-connected relay contactor, a second relay contactor is connected between the first relay contactor and the multi-connected relay contactor, the second relay contactor is connected to one end of the second conversion switch, the first relay contactor is connected to the other end of the second conversion switch, three groups of electric heating elements are connected in parallel, each group of electric heating elements is connected in series, the J1 end of the multi-connected relay contactor is connected to the first group of electric heating elements and the first temperature control device, the J2 end of the multi-connected relay contactor is connected to the second group of electric heating elements and the second temperature control device, and the J3 end of the multi-connected relay contactor is connected to the third group of electric heating elements and the third temperature control device; The first conversion switch is connected to the photovoltaic socket and the single-phase power socket, and the time relay controls the first conversion switch to connect the socket according to the time, connects the photovoltaic socket to power supply during the light period, and connects the single-phase power socket to power supply during the non-light period; the second relay contactor is connected to the three-phase power socket, and the second conversion switch controls the switching between two-phase power and three-phase power. The second conversion switch is normally closed and connects the two-phase power. When the three-phase power is connected, the closed contact is disconnected, and the main circuit is switched to three-phase power supply; The temperature control device includes a single-control switch, a temperature controller and a temperature control screen, the multi-connection relay contactor is connected to the single-control switch, the single-control switch is connected to the temperature controller, the temperature controller is connected to the temperature control screen, and the temperature control screen is used to set the upper and lower temperature limits and check the temperature of the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater; The temperature measuring element includes a temperature sensor and an outer tube. The temperature sensor is arranged in the outer tube. The lower cross tube of the radiator is provided with outer tube mounting holes corresponding to the three temperature measuring elements. The outer tube is arranged in the outer tube mounting holes. The temperature sensor is connected to the temperature control device through the lead at the lower end of the outer tube.

2. The photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater also includes a solar energy template, which is connected to the photovoltaic socket. The solar energy template is a battery array in groups of 6, and the power matches the thermal power of the photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater.

3. The photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of screws are arranged on the lower transverse tube of the radiator, and screw mounting holes corresponding to the screws are arranged on the radiator base. The screws pass through the screw mounting holes and fix the radiator on the radiator base through gaskets and nuts.

4. The photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heating element includes an outer tube, a bolt joint arranged at the lower end of the outer tube, and an insulating filler, an electric heating alloy wire, an insulator, and an insulating sheath arranged in the outer tube. The electric heating alloy wire is used to generate an electric heating effect. A plurality of internal threaded joints corresponding to the bolt joints are welded on the lower horizontal tube of the radiator. The bolt joint passes through the internal threaded joint to fix the electric heating element in the vertical tube of the radiator. The outer tube is made of heat-resistant stainless steel material. A heat-conducting rod is welded on the upper end of the outer tube to improve the heat transfer of the phase change material in the solid state.

5. The photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material is an inorganic crystalline hydrated salt.

6. The photovoltaic phase-change energy-concentrating electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the radiator base is provided with casters, and the casters are used to move the photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater.

7. The photovoltaic phase change energy-concentrating electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper transverse tube, the lower transverse tube and the vertical tube of the radiator are all made of metal materials, and the radiator base is made of stainless steel or carbon steel plate.

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