Verticality measurement method and special platform for steel columns in residential buildings

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for measuring the verticality of steel columns in residential buildings. A new coordinate system is created on a steel column in an elevator shaft. A measuring instrument platform is set at the highest steel beam position in the elevator shaft and a total station is fixed thereon. An inverted point platform and an inverted point are set below the measuring instrument platform. The design coordinates of the top corner point of the steel column to be measured are calculated. The measurement coordinates of the top of the steel column are measured by the total station. The measured coordinates are compared with the design coordinates. The present invention also provides a special platform for the method for measuring the verticality of steel columns in residential buildings. The measuring instrument platform is connected to the four horizontal beams of the elevator shaft by connecting pieces on all sides. The inverted point platform is installed on the horizontal beam from the elevator mouth side to the opposite side. The scheme realizes the arrangement of the total station in the elevator shaft. This point is higher than the steel column to be measured to realize the depression angle measurement. Since the field of view of the total station is not blocked, the verticality of all steel columns can be observed at one station. The platform does not rely on the progress of the floor slab civil construction, and effectively reduces the risk of delaying the construction period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to a structural column construction accuracy detection technology, in particular to a residential building steel column verticality measurement method and a special platform thereof. Background Art

[0002] Steel structure building is a new type of building system. Compared with traditional concrete buildings, steel plates or steel sections replace reinforced concrete, which has higher strength and better earthquake resistance. And because the components can be manufactured in factories and installed on site, the construction period is greatly reduced. Because steel can be reused, it can greatly reduce construction waste and is more environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is widely used in countries around the world and applied in industrial and civil buildings.

[0003] In steel-structured residential buildings, the verticality of steel columns must be corrected when they are installed. Traditional verticality correction work is based on the installation of measuring instruments on the civil engineering floor. In the prior art, the verticality of steel columns is measured using a theodolite. The theodolite is set on the floor under the steel column, and points are taken on the steel column to measure the verticality of the steel column in the form of elevation angle. There are many steel columns within the floor range. No matter where the theodolite is installed, there must be a few steel columns that cannot be measured because they are too close to the instrument. Therefore, it is necessary to change the position multiple times to measure all the steel columns.

[0004] Beams and columns block the instrument's field of view. The height of a steel column directly affects the instrument's elevation angle. It is easier to observe from a distance from the instrument. The elevation angles of several steel columns around the instrument are too large, and most of them cannot be observed. It is often necessary to measure the verticality of the steel columns at multiple points, which is inefficient and inconvenient to uniformly control the accuracy. It is also affected by the pouring progress of the floor slab. The concrete needs to reach a certain strength before people can work. In order to speed up the civil construction, the requirements for the number of construction personnel, construction scheduling, cross-operation, etc. will be higher, which will inevitably increase its construction cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is impossible to realize measurement when a measuring instrument is set on the floor to measure a steel column with a large elevation angle.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A method for measuring the verticality of steel columns in residential buildings, the measuring steps are as follows:

[0008] The first step is to fully charge the batteries of the total station and walkie-talkie in advance, and check the tripod, total station, walkie-talkie and other equipment before use;

[0009] The second step is to set the intersection of the horizontal and vertical axes of a steel column in the elevator shaft as the X-axis and the Y-axis respectively, and set the origin of the coordinate system;

[0010] The third step is to set up a measuring instrument platform at the highest steel beam position in the elevator shaft, and set up a pouring point platform below the measuring instrument platform;

[0011] The fourth step is to fix a wooden board at the center hole of the pouring point platform, draw a cross line on the board, and set the intersection of the cross line as the measuring station. Use a ruler to measure the distance between the measuring station and the X-axis and Y-axis. The coordinate height of the measuring station is set to 0. This coordinate is the three-dimensional coordinate of the measuring station in the newly created coordinate system.

[0012] Step 5: Fix the tripod and the total station on the measuring instrument platform and level them. Select two points within the visible range of the total station, one as the backsight point and the other as the detection point. Measure and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the backsight point and the detection point according to the design drawings.

[0013] Step 6: Calculate the standard three-dimensional coordinates of the four corner points at the top of the steel column to be tested according to the design drawing and set them as the design coordinates;

[0014] Step 7: Set the total station according to the obtained coordinate values ​​of the measuring station point and the backsight point as the setting values ​​of the point, and input relevant parameters such as temperature, air pressure, prism height, etc.

[0015] Step 8: Use a total station to measure the selected detection points to obtain measurement values, compare the measurement values ​​with the set values, and detect the accuracy of the total station;

[0016] The ninth step is to select a corner point on the steel column to be measured that is close to the total station as the measuring point, aim at the measuring point on the steel column using a prism-free sight, press the coordinate measurement key of the total station, and the total station starts to measure the distance and calculate and display the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point, which are set as the measurement coordinates;

[0017] The tenth step is to compare the measured coordinates with the design coordinates, and change the position of the steel column by pulling the hand winch; repeatedly measure and change the position of the steel column to make the measured coordinates coincide with the design coordinates. After the steel column meets the accuracy requirements of the building specifications, tighten the bolts to fix it.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the above method has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] ① The measuring instrument is set in the elevator shaft to reduce the number of steel columns that are too close to the measuring instrument, thereby avoiding multiple adjustments to the measuring point position. ② The measuring point position is set above the steel house to avoid the height of the steel column interfering with the total station measurement. This method is suitable for the verticality measurement of steel columns in steel-structured high-rise residential buildings. It solves the problem that traditional measuring instruments rely on floor slabs, reduces the intersection of steel structure construction and civil construction, and effectively avoids the impact of civil construction on the progress of steel structure construction.

[0020] The present invention also provides a platform for setting detection points dedicated to the above method, and its specific structure is:

[0021] A special platform for measuring the verticality of steel columns in residential buildings, including a measuring instrument platform and an inverted point platform. The measuring instrument platform includes a platform panel, and a fixing piece is arranged at the edge of the platform panel. The platform panel includes a frame welded from channel steel, a square steel tube inner support, and a patterned steel plate; an F-shaped steel plate is fixedly connected to the right side of the platform panel, and the vertical plate of the F-shaped steel plate is fixedly connected to the side surface of the platform panel. The double flat plates of the F-shaped steel plate are clamped on the flange of the right side beam of the elevator shaft, and the double flat plates of the F-shaped steel plate are provided with a tightening bolt; an L-shaped steel plate is fixedly connected to the left edge of the platform panel, and the vertical plate of the L-shaped steel plate is fixedly connected to the side surface of the platform panel. The L-shaped steel plate is fixed face to face, the flat plate is flush with the upper surface of the platform panel, and the flat plate of the L-shaped steel plate is fixed with the bolts of the left crossbeam of the elevator shaft; rectangular steel plates are provided on the front and rear edges of the platform panel, the rectangular steel plates are flush with the upper surface of the platform panel, and the rectangular steel plates are overlapped on the top of the front and rear crossbeams of the elevator shaft; a center hole 1 is provided at the geometric center of the measuring instrument platform; the inverted point platform is a rectangular platform, one end of which is installed on the crossbeam on the elevator shaft elevator entrance side, and the other end is installed on the crossbeam opposite the elevator entrance, and a center hole 2 is provided at the geometric center of the inverted point platform; the center hole 1 is coaxial with the center hole 2.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopting the above structure has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] A total station is set up in the elevator shaft. This point is higher than the steel column to be measured to achieve depression angle measurement. Since the field of view of the total station is unobstructed, the verticality of all steel columns can be observed in one station. The platform does not rely on the progress of the floor civil construction, which effectively reduces the risk of delays in the construction period. The two platforms use the elevator columns around the steel-structured high-rise residential building as the core tube, and then use I-shaped steel beams to erect the two platforms. The entire measuring device is fixed with bolts, which is convenient to install and dismantle, simple to operate, efficient and labor-saving.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, a further technical solution of this dedicated platform is:

[0025] The L-shaped steel plate and the F-shaped steel plate are fixedly connected to the platform panel by bolts, and an adjustment hole for the bolt is arranged next to each bolt.

[0026] The pouring point platform and / or the measuring instrument platform are also equipped with protective guardrails. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front viewing angle structure of the platform of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the platform of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of the measuring instrument platform of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Front view structure diagram;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a top-down structural diagram of the pouring point platform of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a side elevation structural diagram of the pouring point platform of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the protective pull rod of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the total station of the present invention taking points for measurement on a steel column;

[0035] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the measured coordinates and the designed coordinates of the present invention.

[0036] Description of the accompanying drawings of the present invention:

[0037] 1. Measuring instrument platform; 11. Channel steel; 12. Inner support; 13. Patterned steel plate; 14. Center hole 1; 15. L-shaped steel plate; 16. F-shaped steel plate; 17. Rectangular steel plate; 18. Adjustment hole position; 19. Tightening bolt;

[0038] 2. Inverting platform; 21. Channel steel; 22. Square steel pipe; 23. Patterned steel plate; 24. Center hole 2;

[0039] 25. Guardrail; 251. Fence plate; 252. Strip steel plate; 232. Steel plate base; 26. Connecting nut;

[0040] 3. Elevator shaft; 31. Right side beam of the elevator shaft; 32. Left side beam of the elevator shaft; 33. Front side beam of the elevator shaft; 34. Rear side beam.

[0041] 4. Total station; 5. Measuring station; 6. Steel column to be measured; 7. Measuring point; 8. Design coordinates; 9. Measurement coordinates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, the purpose of which is only to provide a better understanding of the content of the present invention. Therefore, the examples given do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] See attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,as well as Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, a method for measuring the verticality of steel columns in residential buildings, the measuring steps are as follows.

[0044] The first step is to fully charge the batteries of the total station 4 and the walkie-talkie in advance, and check the tripod, total station, walkie-talkie and other equipment before use.

[0045] In the second step, the horizontal and vertical axes of a steel column in the elevator shaft 3 are respectively X-axis and Y-axis, and the intersection of the axes is set as the coordinate origin.

[0046] The third step is to set a measuring instrument platform 1 at the highest steel beam position in the elevator shaft 3, and set a pouring point platform 2 below the measuring instrument platform 1.

[0047] The fourth step is to fix a wooden board at the center hole of the pouring point platform 2, draw a cross line on the board, and set the intersection of the cross line as the measuring station 5. Use a ruler to measure the distance between the measuring station 5 and the X-axis and Y-axis. The coordinate height of the measuring station 5 is set to 0. This coordinate is the three-dimensional coordinate of the measuring station 5 in the new coordinate system created in the second step.

[0048] The fifth step is to fix the tripod and the total station 4 on the measuring instrument platform 1 and level them. Within the visible range of the total station 4, select two points, one as the backsight point and the other as the detection point; measure and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the backsight point and the detection point according to the design drawings. When installing the total station 4, tighten the center screw on the tripod to connect the instrument to the tripod; first use a circular level to roughly level the total station, and then use a long level to accurately level the total station. Turn on the laser alignment, loosen the center screw, adjust the total station, aim at the measuring station 5 on the wooden board, tighten the center screw, and the total station 4 is accurately leveled again.

[0049] The sixth step is to calculate the standard three-dimensional coordinates of the four corner points of the top of the steel column 6 to be measured according to the design drawing, and set them as the design coordinates 8. Each steel column in the project needs to be measured for verticality. When performing the calculation work, the design coordinates of the four top corners of all steel columns can be calculated at one time.

[0050] The seventh step is to set the total station 4 according to the obtained coordinate values ​​of the measuring station 5 and the backsight point as the setting values ​​of the point, and input relevant parameters such as temperature, air pressure, prism height, etc.

[0051] In the eighth step, the total station 4 is used to measure the selected detection points to obtain measurement values, and the measurement values ​​are compared with the set values ​​to detect the accuracy of the total station.

[0052] The ninth step is to select a corner point on the steel column 6 to be measured that is close to the total station as measuring point 7, use a prism-free sight to aim at the measuring point 7 on the steel column, press the coordinate measurement key of the total station 4, and the total station 4 will start measuring and calculate and display the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point 7, which will be set as the measurement coordinate 9.

[0053] The tenth step is to compare the measured coordinate 9 with the design coordinate 8, and change the position of the steel column 6 to be measured by pulling the hand chain hoist; repeatedly measure and change the position of the steel column 6 to be measured so that the measured coordinate 9 coincides with the design coordinate 8. After the steel column meets the accuracy requirements of the building specifications, tighten the bolts to fix it.

[0054] In the above method, the total station is set in the elevator shaft, but in fact there is no structure for installing the total station in the elevator shaft. In order to solve this problem, the present invention also provides a platform dedicated to the verticality detection of steel columns, and its specific structure is as follows.

[0055] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a special platform for measuring the verticality of steel columns in residential buildings includes: 1. a measuring instrument platform; 11. a frame; 12. an inner support; 13. a patterned steel plate; 14. a center hole 1; 15. an L-shaped steel plate; 16. an F-shaped steel plate; 17. a rectangular steel plate; 18. adjustment holes; 19. tightening bolts; 2. an inverted point platform; 21. a channel steel; 22. a square steel pipe; 23. a patterned steel plate; 24. an opening; 25. a guardrail; 251. a fence plate; 252. a strip steel plate; 232. a steel plate base; 26. a connecting nut.

[0056] The measuring instrument platform 1 includes a platform panel, and a fixing piece is provided at the edge of the platform panel. The platform panel includes a frame 11 welded by channel steel, a square steel tube inner support 12 and a patterned steel plate 13; an F-shaped steel plate 16 is fixedly connected to the right side of the platform panel, and the vertical plate of the F-shaped steel plate 16 is fixedly connected to the side of the platform panel, and the double flat plates of the F-shaped steel plate 16 are clamped on the flange of the right side beam 31 of the elevator shaft, and the double flat plates of the F-shaped steel plate 16 are provided with a tightening bolt 19; an L-shaped steel plate 15 is fixedly connected to the left edge of the platform panel, and the vertical plate of the L-shaped steel plate 15 is fixedly connected to the side of the platform panel, and the flat plate of the L-shaped steel plate 15 is fixedly connected to the flat plate. The upper surface of the table panel is flush, and the flat plate of the L-shaped steel plate 15 is bolted to the left side beam 32 of the elevator shaft; rectangular steel plates 17 are provided on the front and rear edges of the platform panel, and the rectangular steel plates 17 are flush with the upper surface of the platform panel, and the rectangular steel plates 17 are overlapped on the front side beam 33 and the rear side beam 34 of the elevator shaft; a center hole 14 is provided at the geometric center of the measuring instrument platform 1; the inverted point platform 2 is a rectangular platform, one end of which is installed on the side beam of the elevator shaft elevator entrance, and the other end is installed on the beam opposite to the elevator entrance, and a center hole 24 is provided at the geometric center of the inverted point platform 2; the center hole 14 is coaxial with the center hole 24.

[0057] See also Figure 5 The rectangular inverted platform frame is welded by channel steel, a square steel pipe is welded inside the frame as an internal support, and a patterned steel plate 23 is fixed on the surface.

[0058] See also Figure 6 , Figure 7The pouring point platform 2 and / or the measuring instrument platform 1 are also equipped with a protective guardrail 25, which includes a base 253, on which connecting bolts are arranged, and the two bases 253 are connected by a strip steel plate 252, on which a fence plate 251 assembled from round steel pipes is fixedly connected.

[0059] First use the tower crane to hoist the inverted point platform, and then hoist and set up the measuring instrument platform. When hoisting the inverted point platform, set it on the elevator beam suitable for the floor. Since this platform is long, the platform should be tilted and hoisted along the length direction. First, set up the lower point of the inverted point platform at the elevator entrance, set up the other side of the landing platform, adjust the length of the two ends, and fix the safety guardrails with bolts. The inverted point platform is installed. When setting up the measuring instrument platform, first hoist it to the highest floor of the elevator shaft, insert the F-shaped steel plate on one side of the platform into the upper flange of the steel beam, slowly lower the other side of the platform to 10cm, open the steel plates on both sides perpendicular to the direction of the steel beam, tighten the screws and screws, and lower the tower crane again. If protection is required on all sides, install the guardrails according to the inverted point platform. At this point, the steel column verticality measurement platform is installed.

[0060] The measuring instrument platform uses L-shaped steel plates 15, F-shaped steel plates 16 and rectangular steel plates 17 as the erection support points, and patterned steel plates 13 as the platform panel, which is non-slip and convenient for erecting measuring instruments, and is relatively safer. The L-shaped steel plates 15 and F-shaped steel plates 16 are fixed to the platform panel by bolts, and an adjustment hole 18 for the bolt is provided next to each bolt. The adjustment hole 18 and the bolt-fixed rectangular steel plate are arranged in an adjustable position to avoid the problem that the oblique support between the columns collides with the support point and is not conducive to installation.

[0061] The placement of the pouring point platform should meet the following requirements: the location should be as close as possible to the floor where the slab is poured and within the reasonable range of the aiming point of the measuring instrument. The pouring point platform should be as close as possible to the measuring instrument platform to reduce the number of platform position adjustments.

[0062] The channel steel and square steel pipe used in the present invention form the frame structure of the two platforms to ensure sufficient rigidity of the two platforms. The guardrail 25 is fixed to the measuring instrument platform or the inverted point platform by bolts. The inverted point platform is relatively small in width, and a safety guardrail 25 must be provided, one end of which is the entrance position of the elevator room in the length direction, and the other end has an oblique support. A small amount of installation reserved gap is left between the measuring instrument platform and the steel columns around the elevator room, and there is an oblique support for protection. A guardrail is provided on the side without the oblique support.

[0063] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0064] ① The measuring instrument is set in the elevator shaft to reduce the number of steel columns that are too close to the measuring instrument, thereby avoiding multiple adjustments to the measuring point position. ② The measuring point position is set above the steel house to prevent the height of the steel column from interfering with the total station measurement. This method is suitable for the verticality measurement of steel columns in steel-structured high-rise residential buildings. It does not rely on the progress of floor civil construction, reduces the intersection of steel structure construction and civil construction, and effectively avoids the impact of civil construction on the progress of steel structure construction. The two platforms use the elevator columns around the steel-structured high-rise residential building as the core tube, and then use I-shaped steel beams to erect the two platforms. The entire measuring device is fixed with bolts, which is convenient for installation and removal, simple to operate, efficient, and labor-saving.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred feasible embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of rights of the present invention. All equivalent changes made using the contents of the present specification and its drawings are included in the scope of rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the verticality of steel columns in residential buildings, the measuring steps are as follows: The first step is to fully charge the batteries of the total station and walkie-talkie in advance, and check the tripod, total station, and walkie-talkie before use; The second step is to set the intersection of the horizontal and vertical axes of a steel column in the elevator shaft as the X-axis and the Y-axis respectively, and set the coordinate origin; Features: The third step is to set up a measuring instrument platform at the highest steel beam position in the elevator shaft, and set up a pouring point platform below the measuring instrument platform; The fourth step is to fix a wooden board at the center hole of the pouring point platform, draw a cross line on the wooden board, set the intersection of the cross line as the measuring station, use a ruler to measure the distance between the measuring station and the X-axis and Y-axis, and set the coordinate height of the measuring station to 0. This coordinate is the three-dimensional coordinate of the measuring station in the coordinate system established in the second step; The fifth step is to fix the tripod and the total station on the measuring instrument platform and level them. Within the visual range of the total station, select two points, one as the backsight point and the other as the detection point; measure and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the backsight point and the detection point according to the design drawings, and use the obtained three-dimensional coordinates as the setting values ​​of the backsight point and the detection point respectively; Step 6: Calculate the standard three-dimensional coordinates of the four corner points at the top of the steel column to be tested according to the design drawing and set them as the design coordinates; Step 7: Set up the total station according to the obtained three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring station and the three-dimensional coordinates of the backsight point, and input relevant parameters of temperature, air pressure and prism height; Step 8: Use a total station to measure the selected detection points to obtain measurement values, compare the measurement values ​​with the set values, and detect the accuracy of the total station; The ninth step is to select a corner point on the steel column to be measured that is close to the total station as the measuring point, aim at the measuring point on the steel column using a prism-free sight, press the coordinate measurement key of the total station, and the total station starts to measure the distance and calculate and display the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point, which are set as the measurement coordinates; The tenth step is to compare the measured coordinates with the design coordinates, and change the position of the steel column by pulling the hand winch; repeatedly measure and change the position of the steel column to make the measured coordinates coincide with the design coordinates. After the steel column meets the accuracy requirements of the building specifications, tighten the bolts to fix it.

2. The dedicated platform for the verticality measurement method of residential building steel columns according to claim 1 comprises a measuring instrument platform and a pouring point platform, wherein the measuring instrument platform comprises a platform panel, and a fixing piece is arranged at the edge of the platform panel, and the platform panel comprises a frame welded by channel steel, a square steel tube inner support and a patterned steel plate; characterized in that: The right side of the platform panel is fixed with an F-shaped steel plate, the vertical plate of the F-shaped steel plate is fixedly connected with the side surface of the platform panel, the double flat plates of the F-shaped steel plate are clamped on the flange of the right side beam of the elevator shaft, and the double flat plates of the F-shaped steel plate are provided with jacking bolts; the left edge of the platform panel is fixed with an L-shaped steel plate, the vertical plate of the L-shaped steel plate is fixedly connected with the side surface of the platform panel, the flat plate of the L-shaped steel plate is flush with the upper surface of the platform panel, and the flat plate of the L-shaped steel plate is fixedly bolted with the left side beam of the elevator shaft; the front and rear edges of the platform panel are provided with rectangular steel plates, the rectangular steel plates are flush with the upper surface of the platform panel, and the rectangular steel plates are overlapped on the top of the front and rear beams of the elevator shaft; the geometric center of the measuring instrument platform is provided with a center hole 1; The pouring point platform is a rectangular platform, one end of which is mounted on the crossbeam on the elevator shaft elevator entrance side, and the other end is mounted on the crossbeam opposite the elevator entrance, and a center hole 2 is provided at the geometric center of the pouring point platform; The center hole 1 is coaxial with the center hole 2; The L-shaped steel plate and the F-shaped steel plate are fixedly connected to the platform panel by bolts, and an adjustment hole for the bolt is provided next to each bolt; The pouring point platform and / or the measuring instrument platform are also equipped with protective guardrails.

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