The invention discloses a measuring instrument and a measuring method for the verticality and the azimuth of a pile hole. The measuring instrument comprises a measuring rod, a hinge, a support rod, asliding base, two first support parts, a second support part, a water level gauge, a compass, a first laser range finder, a second range finder, and a scale. Each support part comprises a support cylinder, a support telescopic rod, a first fixing knob, and a fixing rod. The middle part of the support rod is connected to the measuring rod through the hinge. The sliding base is slidably connected tothe second measuring rod. Two first support parts are arranged at the two ends of the support rod. The second support part is arranged at the bottom of the sliding base. And the water level gauge andthe compass are arranged at the measuring rod. According to the measuring instrument and the measuring method for the verticality and the azimuth of the pile hole, the measuring instrument realizes the fast and accurate measurement of the verticality and the azimuth of the pile hole, by arranging the measuring rod, the hinge, the support rod, the sliding base, the two first support parts, the second support part, the water level gauge, the compass, the first laser range finder, the second laser range finder, and the scale.