A high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat planted in spring

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of wheat cultivation technology and discloses a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat planted in spring. The method comprises screening, land preparation, winter irrigation in November, seed dressing, timely sowing in early to mid-March, topdressing with seedling fertilizer and irrigation during the tillering stage, pest and disease control in the middle and late stages of growth, and timely harvesting. The present invention solves the problem of winter wheat being unable to be planted in Qinghai's spring wheat region due to its inability to undergo normal vernalization and earing maturity by sowing winter wheat in spring wheat areas. This method allows wheat to be produced normally without undergoing vernalization, ultimately achieving a high-yield, low-pest cultivation method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and in particular relates to a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat sown in spring. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is a staple crop in my country, and its production is crucial to national food security. Strengthening wheat production, increasing yield per unit area, and improving wheat quality are key pathways to developing efficient agriculture. For a long time, spring wheat has been primarily cultivated in my country's spring wheat-producing regions. Because winter wheat cannot undergo normal vernalization, heading, and maturity, winter wheat has not been planted in these regions.

[0003] The current spring wheat has problems such as low population density, few ears per mu, low yield, poor lodging resistance, high yield but not high quality, high quality but not high yield, late maturity, heavy rain in autumn, lodging, ear sprouting, diseases and insect pests, etc., and poor quality.

[0004] In the Qinghai Plateau area, the altitude is as high as 2200-2600 meters. Winter wheat cannot be planted in Qinghai's spring wheat area. The long-term sowing pattern adopted is the autumn sowing of winter wheat and the spring sowing of spring wheat. The advantages of winter wheat varieties cannot be brought into play, and they are easily affected by pests and diseases, hail and waterlogging, and a large number of seedlings are prone to death. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat planted in spring, which achieves the goals of strong lodging resistance, early maturity, high yield, and avoidance of diseases, insects, hail and waterlogging by screening high-quality semi-winter wheat varieties, conducting land preparation, winter irrigation and seed mixing in November, and timely sowing in early to mid-March. After fertilization, irrigation is carried out during the tillering stage, and then pest and disease control and prevention are carried out.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat sown in spring, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, optimization and screening of semi-winter wheat varieties: screening disease-resistant, high-yielding, lodging-resistant, and high-quality varieties for sowing;

[0008] S2, land preparation: In autumn, apply organic farmyard manure 1900-2100 kg / mu and enzyme organic fertilizer 190-210 kg / mu;

[0009] S3, winter irrigation: winter irrigation is carried out in November before freezing to conserve moisture;

[0010] S4, seed dressing: sprinkle the seed dressing agent evenly on the seeds, stir evenly, and set aside;

[0011] The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the seeds is 22:1000;

[0012] S5, sowing: in early to mid-March, after the soil has thawed by 8-10cm, prepare the land and sow in time;

[0013] S6, Fertilization: Apply urea 12-13 kg / mu, apply diammonium phosphate 14-16 kg / mu;

[0014] S7, irrigation during the tillering period, depending on climate and rainfall;

[0015] S8, pest and disease control: carry out the first foliar spray in the late tillering stage and early jointing stage to control weeds in the field;

[0016] Conduct a second foliar spray during the booting stage to control wheat stem bees;

[0017] The third foliar spray is carried out during the heading and grain filling period to prevent and control stripe rust;

[0018] Carry out the fourth foliar spray from the grain filling to the milky stage to prevent and control the wheat armyworm.

[0019] Preferably, in S1, the semi-winter wheat varieties are Xinong 979, Zhoumai 30, Weilong 169, Weilong 136, and Zhongmai 578.

[0020] Preferably, in S4, the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 50% by mass of carbendazim wettable powder, 25% by mass of triadimefon wettable powder, and water.

[0021] Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the 50% carbendazim wettable powder, the 25% triadimefon wettable powder and water is 1:1:20.

[0022] Preferably, in S5, the sowing amount is 15-19 kg / mu.

[0023] Preferably, in S5, the sowing is carried out by mechanical row sowing and suppression or mechanical wide furrow sowing and suppression.

[0024] Preferably, in S8, the first foliar spraying is specifically performed by mixing 15% clodinafop-propargyl, 10g of bensulfuron-methyl, 50-100g of urea, 100g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15kg of water per mu, and then spraying the mixture on the foliage.

[0025] Preferably, in S8, the second foliage spraying is specifically: per mu, use 20-30 ml of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, add 50-100 g of urea, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15 kg of water, mix well, and then spray.

[0026] Preferably, in S8, the third foliar spraying is specifically as follows: per mu, 50 ml of 20% cypermethrin, 50-100 g of urea, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15 kg of water are mixed and sprayed.

[0027] Preferably, in S8, the fourth foliage spraying is specifically performed by mixing 30 ml of 4.5% by mass cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate with 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu and spraying the mixture.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in spring provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The cultivation method of the present invention, by screening currently high-end semi-winter wheat varieties in China and utilizing the excellent characteristics and variety advantages of excellent semi-winter wheat varieties, obtains a winter wheat variety suitable for cultivation in the special geographical location of 2200-2600 meters above sea level in the northwest region such as Xining;

[0030] 2. The present invention enables spring wheat to mature at the same time as spring wheat or even earlier than spring wheat through early spring cultivation in spring wheat areas, giving full play to the advantages of winter wheat varieties, with large population density, many ears, strong resistance to lodging, early maturity, and protection from disasters such as diseases, insects, hail and waterlogging, thereby increasing yield and effectively improving wheat quality;

[0031] 3. The cultivation method of the present invention avoids the problem of winter wheat not being able to survive the winter well and resulting in dead or broken seedlings;

[0032] 4. The cultivation method of the present invention utilizes the special geographical location of Xining and other northwestern regions at an altitude of 2200-2600 meters, with a climate resource where spring and autumn are connected, there is no extreme summer throughout the year, and the winter is long and slow without extreme cold. It breaks the traditional farming method of sowing winter wheat in autumn and planting spring wheat in spring, innovates the cultivation model, and develops high-quality and efficient agriculture.

[0033] 5. Wheat stripe rust, the main disease in Qinghai's spring wheat area, usually occurs in late July and early to mid-August. At this time, the winter wheat is waxy and close to maturity after early sowing, avoiding the peak period of stripe rust. Prevention and control is done once or not at all, which is one less time of prevention or control than spring wheat, thus reducing pesticide use and costs.

[0034] 6. The wheat stem wasp, a major insect pest in Qinghai's spring wheat fields, typically mates and lays eggs during its peak period from late June to early July. At this time, after early sowing, winter wheat enters the heading and flowering stage. The walls of the wheat tubes below the ear thicken and harden, making it difficult for the wheat stem wasp to lay eggs. This avoids the high-incidence period of the wheat stem wasp and allows for one or no prevention. This reduces the need for one or no prevention compared to spring wheat, thus reducing pesticide costs.

[0035] 7. The main insect pest of spring wheat in Qinghai is the wheat ear armyworm, which usually occurs from mid-to-late August to mid-September. At this time, winter wheat is basically mature after early sowing, avoiding the peak period of wheat ear armyworm. Prevention and control are required once or not at all, which is one less time to prevent and control than spring wheat, thus reducing pesticide use and costs.

[0036] 8. Varieties such as Zhoumai 30, Weilong 136, Weilong 169, and Zhongmai 578 have a plant height of 60-80cm, which is 20cm lower than that of spring wheat. They have a large ear density per mu and are resistant to lodging. Because they mature early, they have a greater chance of avoiding disastrous weather such as autumn rain, strong winds, rainstorms, and hail, thus increasing production and ensuring a stable income. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The test methods in the following examples where specific conditions are not specified are usually performed under conventional conditions and are not described in detail because they do not relate to the invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in spring, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1, optimization and screening of semi-winter wheat varieties: screening disease-resistant, high-yielding, lodging-resistant, and high-quality varieties, and obtaining Xinong 979, Zhoumai 30, Weilong 169, Weilong 136, and Zhongmai 578 for sowing;

[0041] S2, land preparation: land preparation in autumn, and application of 2000kg organic farmyard manure per mu and 200kg enzyme organic fertilizer per mu;

[0042] S3, winter irrigation: in November, winter irrigation is carried out in areas with irrigation conditions before freezing, and land is threshed to conserve moisture in areas without irrigation conditions;

[0043] S4, seed dressing: for every 100kg of seeds, add 100g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 100g of 25% triadimefon wettable powder, mix well, add 2kg of water, sprinkle evenly on the seeds, stir well, and prepare for sowing;

[0044] S5, sowing: In early to mid-March, when the soil thaws by 8-10cm, timely land preparation and sowing are carried out. Early sowing in spring is the key to winter wheat planting in spring. By sowing early, the temperature is still low after the seeds germinate. After more than 40 days of low-temperature growth, the germination and emergence of seedlings will pass the vernalization stage smoothly. Seedlings will emerge in late April. Sowing is done by mechanical drilling or wide furrow sowing with suppression, and the sowing rate is 17kg / mu;

[0045] S6, fertilization: 12.5 kg of urea and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu were applied by seed drill in layers;

[0046] S7, timely irrigation should be carried out in areas with irrigation conditions during the tillering period;

[0047] S8, pest and weed control: In the late tillering stage and early jointing stage, spray 30 ml of 15% clodinafop-butyl emulsifiable concentrate, 10 g of 10% bensulfuron-methyl, 75 g of urea, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15 kg of water per mu for foliar spraying. The first foliar spray is used to control weeds in the field.

[0048] At the booting stage, use 25 ml of 4.5% highly effective chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate per mu, add 75 g of urea and 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then add 15 kg of water and mix well, then spray the leaves for the second time to prevent and control wheat stem bees in time;

[0049] During the heading and grain filling period, spray 50 ml of cypermethrin, 75 g of urea, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15 kg of water per mu for the third time to prevent and control stripe rust;

[0050] From the grain filling to the milky stage, use 30 ml of 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate per mu and mix it with 100 ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then spray it on the leaves for the fourth time to control wheat earworm;

[0051] Ensure the protection of pests and nutrition during the growth period, promote tillering, increase ears, grains and weight, improve stress resistance, achieve high yield and high quality, and carry out mechanical harvesting in time to prevent quality decline.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in spring, wherein the specific steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that:

[0054] In S2, 2100 kg of organic farmyard manure and 210 kg of enzyme organic fertilizer were applied per mu;

[0055] In S5, the sowing rate is 19 kg / mu

[0056] In S6, 13 kg of urea and 16 kg of diammonium phosphate were applied per mu;

[0057] In S8, the amount of urea added in the 1st to 3rd foliar sprays was 100 g.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in spring, wherein the specific steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that:

[0060] In S2, 1900 kg of organic farmyard manure and 190 kg of enzyme organic fertilizer were applied per mu;

[0061] In S5, the sowing rate is 15kg / mu

[0062] In S6, 12 kg of urea and 14 kg of diammonium phosphate were applied per mu;

[0063] In S8, the amount of urea added in the 1st to 3rd foliar sprays was 50 g.

[0064] Taking Example 1 as an example, four varieties of winter wheat Zhoumai 30, Weilong 136, Weilong 169, and Zhongmai 578 of the present invention and a control variety of spring wheat Qingmai No. 5 and three self-bred spring wheat lines were tested, and samples were sent to the Analysis and Testing Center of Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences for analysis. The analysis results are shown in Table 1. According to the method in Example 2, four varieties of winter wheat Zhoumai 30, Weilong 136, Weilong 169, and Zhongmai 578 were cultivated respectively, and the yields were recorded respectively, as shown in Table 2:

[0065] Table 1 Wheat quality test analysis table

[0066]

[0067] As shown in Table 1, there was no significant improvement or decrease in quality after early spring sowing of winter wheat in the high-altitude areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (2200-2500 meters above sea level). However, compared with the control spring wheat varieties, the varieties showed significant improvements, with protein increasing by 25.4%, 26.99%, 34.53%, and 25.79%, and wet gluten increasing by 13.51%, 40.03%, 41.02%, and 29.16%.

[0068] Table 2 Comparison of new winter wheat varieties and spring wheat in 2019

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Table 2, in the 2019 regional trial of new wheat varieties in Wangzhuang Village, Tal Town, Datong County, Zhoumai 30 had an equivalent yield of 484 kg per mu, while the control variety Qingmai No. 5 had a yield of 427 kg per mu. Zhoumai 30 increased its yield by 13.35% over the control variety Qingmai No. 5.

[0072] In 2020, in the regional trial of wheat varieties in Yebatai Village, Xiegou Township, Datong County, Zhoumai 30 yielded 527.4 kg per mu, while the control variety Qingmai 5 yielded 498.5 kg per mu, a 5.48% decrease in yield compared to the control variety Qingmai 5. The reason for the yield reduction was that there was no rainfall 45 days after sowing, which led to poor emergence of seedlings. Zhoumai 30 had few seedlings and failed to realize its production potential.

[0073] In 2020, in the early planting trial of new winter wheat varieties at the Liangjiao Experimental Field in Datong County, Zhoumai 30 had an equivalent yield of 568.2 kg per mu, while the control Qingmai No. 5 had a yield of 493.2 kg. Zhoumai 30 increased its yield by 15.21% over the control Qingmai No. 5.

[0074] Weilong 169 yielded 587.1 kg per mu, a 19.04% increase over the control variety Qingmai No. 5.

[0075] Weilong 136 yielded 566.3 kg per mu, a 14.82% increase over the control, Qingmai No. 5; Zhongmai 578 yielded 574.5 kg per mu, a 16.48% increase over the control, Qingmai No. 5.

[0076] In summary, the cultivation method of the present invention can effectively increase the yield and maintain the original excellent quality of winter wheat.

[0077] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in spring wheat areas of Qinghai, characterized in that: Obtained by the following steps: S1, optimization screening of semi-winter wheat varieties: screening disease-resistant, high-yielding, lodging-resistant, and high-quality varieties for sowing; the semi-winter wheat varieties are Zhoumai 30, Weilong 169, Weilong 136, and Zhongmai 578; S2, land preparation: In autumn, apply organic farmyard manure 1900-2100 kg / mu and enzyme organic fertilizer 190-210 kg / mu; S3, winter irrigation: winter irrigation is carried out in November before freezing to conserve moisture; S4, seed dressing: sprinkle the seed dressing agent evenly on the seeds, stir evenly, and set aside; The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the seeds is 22:1000; S5, sowing: in early to mid-March, after the soil has thawed by 8-10 cm, timely land preparation and sowing are carried out; early sowing in spring is the key to winter wheat planting. By sowing early, the temperature is still low after the seeds germinate, and the germination and emergence of seedlings will take more than 40 days of low-temperature growth, successfully pass the vernalization stage, and emerge in late April. Sowing is carried out by mechanical drilling or mechanical wide-width furrow sowing, and the sowing rate is 15-19 kg / mu; S6, Fertilization: Apply urea 12-13 kg / mu, apply diammonium phosphate 14-16 kg / mu; S7, irrigation during the tillering period, depending on climate and rainfall; S8, pest and weed control: Perform the first foliar spray in the late tillering stage and early jointing stage to control weeds in the field. Specifically, per mu, mix 15% clodinafop-propargyl emulsifiable concentrate with 10g of 10% bensulfuron-methyl, 50-100g of urea, 100g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15kg of water, then spray on the leaves. During the booting stage, carry out the second foliar spray to control wheat stem bees. Specifically, use 20-30 ml of 4.5% high-efficiency chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate per mu, add 50-100 g of urea, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15 kg of water, mix well, and spray; During the heading and grain filling period, the third foliar spray is carried out to prevent and control stripe rust. Specifically, per mu, use 50 ml of 20% cypermethrin, 50-100 g of urea, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15 kg of water, mix well and spray; Carry out the fourth foliar spray from the grain filling to the milky stage to prevent and control the wheat ear armyworm. Specifically, use 30 ml of 4.5% highly effective chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate and 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, mix well and spray.

2. The high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in spring wheat area of ​​Qinghai according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 50% by mass of carbendazim wettable powder, 25% by mass of triadimefon wettable powder and water.

3. The high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in spring wheat area of ​​Qinghai according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixing mass ratio of the 50% carbendazim wettable powder, the 25% wettable powder and water is 1:1:20.

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