A method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects

Abstract

A method for arranging an intertidal zone ecological restoration project in the coastal area is provided. The arrangement and combination design is carried out according to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the intertidal zone in the coastal area and the living environment requirements of aquatic organisms. The method includes arc-shaped offshore dams, artificial tidal pools and aquatic vegetation planting areas from the sea side to the inland. The method includes the following steps: conducting ecological investigation and analysis on the hydrological, physical, chemical and biological factors of the restoration sea area, and selecting a suitable intertidal zone ecological restoration section range; the convex arc-shaped offshore dam is arranged between the average tide line and the average low tide line; a number of tidal pool groups are arranged in the opening range inside the arc-shaped offshore dam; and the aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged in the shelter area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam and on the beach between the average tide line and the average high tide line. The method of the present invention determines reasonable design parameter indicators, gives full play to the functions of each part, and can be widely used in coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine ecological restoration and relates to an engineering arrangement method for improving the biological habitat of coastal intertidal zones. Background Art

[0002] The intertidal zone is the area between the sea and land on Earth, the area between high and low tides. The intertidal zone is the first place where humans come into contact with the ocean, and it is also the most vulnerable to human destruction and occupation. In recent years, human activities have caused a sharp decrease in the species and number of organisms in the intertidal zone, causing serious impacts on coastal ecology.

[0003] On the other hand, the intertidal zone has a high light level, which provides basic conditions for photosynthesis of algae and vegetation; at the same time, high tide can bring plankton and marine biological debris, and nutrients brought by terrestrial rainwater and rivers are also deposited here, making the coastal mudflats rich in nutrients, which can provide sufficient food for intertidal organisms and attract aquatic organisms including benthic organisms, fish, shrimp, crabs, etc. to live here. These aquatic organisms like to live in tide pools, tidal channels or under stones left at low tide. Therefore, in intertidal zone restoration projects, people often use stone piles, artificial reefs, artificial tidal pools or structures with ecological value to improve the habitat of aquatic organisms. However, most of these methods are for micro-environment construction, and the ecological effect is not obvious. Objectively, there is a need for a better arrangement method for coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for arranging a coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration project to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects, which carries out a layout combination design according to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the coastal intertidal zone and the living environment requirements of aquatic organisms, and includes, from the sea side to the inland, an arc-shaped offshore dam, an artificial tidal pool and an aquatic vegetation planting area.

[0006] Further, the following steps are included:

[0007] (1) Conduct ecological surveys and analyses on the hydrological, physical, chemical and biological factors of the restoration area and select appropriate intertidal zone ecological restoration areas;

[0008] (2) The convex arc offshore dam is arranged between the mean tide line and the mean low tide line;

[0009] (3) Arrange a number of tidal pools within the opening of the arc-shaped offshore dam;

[0010] (4) The aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged in the sheltered area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam and on the beach between the mean tide line and the mean high tide line.

[0011] Optionally, in step (1), the intertidal zone ecological restoration section is selected from a section that has been damaged or occupied by humans, or a section that has been affected by natural erosion and has a poor ecological environment.

[0012] Optionally, in step (2), the convex arc shape is a circular arc or an elliptical arc with an angle of 120 to 180 degrees.

[0013] Both ends of the outwardly convex arc-shaped offshore dam are arranged at the average tide level.

[0014] The width of the inner opening of the convex arc is 0.8 to 1.5 times the width of the intertidal zone.

[0015] A gate is provided between the two arc-shaped offshore dams so that the rising and falling tides can converge here to form a tidal channel, facilitating the entry and exit of aquatic organisms; preferably, the width of the gate is 0.2 to 0.5 times the width of the intertidal zone.

[0016] The arc-shaped offshore dam is set up so that the inner side of the offshore dam is protected, the water dynamics are weakened, and silt deposition and vegetation growth are promoted; when the tide is low, the offshore dam can also intercept a part of the tide, plankton and marine biological debris, so that a large shallow tidal pool is formed inside the offshore dam, improving the living conditions of intertidal organisms; preferably, the dam top elevation is taken as the average tide level plus 0 to 0.5m.

[0017] In step (2), the arc-shaped offshore dam is provided with gaps in the dam body to attract attached aquatic organisms to live therein; preferably, the arc-shaped offshore dam is constructed using sand bags, boulders or artificial blocks.

[0018] Optionally, in step (3), the spacing between each tidal pool group is 0.1 to 0.3 times the width of the intertidal zone; and / or, each tidal pool group is composed of a plurality of artificial tidal pools of 2 to 20 m in size closely arranged in a plum blossom shape or a honeycomb shape.

[0019] The tidal pool can store water and retain silt, and form puddles after the tide recedes, providing a living environment for intertidal organisms; preferably, the height of the tidal pool cofferdam is 0.5 to 1.0 m.

[0020] Each tidal pool is surrounded by sand bags, blocks of stone or concrete structures to form a circular, elliptical or polygonal shape.

[0021] Optionally, in step (4), the aquatic vegetation planting area is set up on the beach between the protective area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam and the average tide line and the average high tide line.

[0022] The scope of the aquatic vegetation planting area is selected in an area with better siltation effect according to the shielding effect of the arc-shaped offshore dam. It should be arranged directly behind the offshore dam when there are normal waves, and should be arranged obliquely behind the offshore dam when there are oblique waves. Preferably, the aquatic vegetation planting area is a semicircular area.

[0023] The aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged in a semicircular area; and / or the vegetation in the aquatic vegetation is a salt-alkali tolerant variety, preferably, mangroves, reeds, tamarisks, salsa or seaweed beds.

[0024] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention include at least: the arrangement of the arc-shaped offshore dam not only plays the role of reducing coastal hydrodynamics, promoting siltation, and increasing coastal protection capabilities like conventional offshore dams. Compared with conventional offshore dams, the arc-shaped offshore dam can also intercept a part of the tide, plankton and marine biological debris at low tide, so that a large shallow tidal pool is formed inside the offshore dam, improving the living conditions of aquatic organisms. At the same time, the small tidal pool group and aquatic vegetation planting area set inside can also provide more living space for intertidal organisms such as algae, shellfish, crustaceans, echinoderms, fish, etc.

[0025] The method of the invention determines reasonable design parameter indicators, fully exerts the functions of various parts, and can be widely used in coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA' cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention aims to solve the problem in traditional technologies that artificial reefs or structures are mostly constructed as microenvironments, cannot adapt to the hydrodynamic characteristics of coastal intertidal zones and the living environment requirements of aquatic organisms, and have no obvious improvement in ecological effects.

[0029] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] 1. The present invention proposes a method for arranging a coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration project, wherein the project mainly includes an arc-shaped offshore dam 100, a gate 200, a tidal pool group 300, an artificial tidal pool 310, and an aquatic vegetation planting area 400.

[0031] 2. Implementation steps

[0032] Step 1: Conduct ecological surveys and analyses on the hydrological, physical, chemical and biological factors of the restoration sea area, and select appropriate intertidal zone ecological restoration areas.

[0033] Step 2: Arrange the outwardly convex arc-shaped offshore dam 100 at a certain interval between the mean tide line and the mean low tide line.

[0034] (1) The arc-shaped offshore dam 100 is preferably an arc or ellipse of 120 to 180 degrees, with both ends of the arc or ellipse located at the mean tide line, and the top of the arc located outside the mean low tide line and above the low tide line of spring tide. The inner opening width of the arc-shaped offshore dam is about 0.8 to 1.5 times the width of the intertidal zone.

[0035] (2) A gate 200 of 0.2 to 0.5 times the width of the intertidal zone is left between the two arc-shaped offshore dams 100, so that the rising and falling tides can converge here to form a tidal channel, which is convenient for aquatic organisms to enter and exit.

[0036] (3) The top elevation of the arc-shaped offshore dam is the average tide level plus 0 to 0.5 m, which can protect the inner side of the offshore dam, reduce water dynamics, and promote siltation and vegetation growth. During low tide, the offshore dam can also intercept a part of the tide, plankton and marine biological debris, forming a large shallow tidal pool inside the offshore dam, improving the living conditions of intertidal organisms.

[0037] (4) The arc-shaped offshore dam 100 can be constructed using materials such as sandbags, boulders and artificial blocks, and the gaps in the dam body can attract attached organisms and aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimps and crabs to live there.

[0038] Step 3: Arrange a number of small tidal pool groups 300 at a certain interval within the inner opening range of the arc-shaped offshore dam 100.

[0039] (1) The small tidal pool group 300 is composed of a plurality of artificial tidal pools 310 of 2 to 20 m in size, which are closely arranged in a plum blossom or honeycomb shape. The spacing between the small tidal pool group 300 can be 0.1 to 0.3 times the width of the intertidal zone.

[0040] (2) The artificial tidal pool 310 can be formed into a circular, elliptical or polygonal shape by using sand bags, blocks or concrete structures. The height of the artificial tidal pool cofferdam is about 0.5 to 1.0 m, which can store water and retain silt. After the tide recedes, puddles are formed, providing a better living environment for intertidal organisms.

[0041] Step 4: Set up a 400 square meter salt-alkali tolerant aquatic vegetation planting area in the sheltered area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam and on the beach between the mean tide line and the mean high tide line.

[0042] (1) The scope of the vegetation planting area 400 is selected in an area with good siltation effect according to the shielding effect of the arc-shaped offshore dam 100, and can be determined by analyzing the tidal sediment model. Generally, it is suitable to be arranged directly behind the offshore dam when the waves are coming in the normal direction, and it is suitable to be arranged obliquely behind the offshore dam when the waves are coming in the oblique direction. The aquatic vegetation planting area 400 is a semicircular area.

[0043] (2) Aquatic vegetation can be selected according to the geographical environment, such as mangroves, reeds, tamarisks, saltwort or seagrass beds.

[0044] The above related explanations and descriptions of the embodiments are for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those familiar with the art can easily make various modifications to these contents and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above related explanations and descriptions of the embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging a coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration project, characterized in that: According to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the coastal intertidal zone and the living environment requirements of aquatic organisms, a layout combination design is carried out, which includes offshore dams, tidal pools and aquatic vegetation planting areas from the sea side to the inland; The following steps are involved: (1) Conduct ecological surveys and analyses on the hydrological, physical, chemical and biological factors of the restoration area and select appropriate intertidal zone ecological restoration areas; (2) The offshore dam is arranged between the mean tide line and the mean low tide line; (3) arranging a tidal pool within the opening of the inner side of the offshore dam; (4) The aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged in the sheltered area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam and on the beach between the mean tide line and the mean high tide line; In step (1), the intertidal zone ecological restoration section is selected from a section that has been damaged or occupied by humans, or a section that has been eroded by nature and has a poor ecological environment; In step (2), the offshore dam is an outwardly convex arc; a gate is provided between two sections of the arc-shaped offshore dam so that the rising and falling tides converge here to form a tidal channel, which is convenient for aquatic organisms to enter and exit; the arc-shaped offshore dam is arranged so that the inner side of the offshore dam is protected, the water dynamics are weakened, and silt deposition and vegetation growth are promoted; when the tide is low, the offshore dam can also intercept a part of the tide, plankton and marine biological debris, so that a large shallow tidal pool is formed inside the offshore dam, improving the living conditions of intertidal organisms; the dam body of the arc-shaped offshore dam is provided with gaps to attract attached aquatic organisms to live therein; In step (3), the tidal pool can store water and retain silt, and form puddles after the tide recedes, providing a living environment for intertidal organisms.

2. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), the offshore dam is in the shape of a circular arc or an elliptical arc of 120 to 180 degrees.

3. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), both ends of the outwardly convex arc-shaped offshore dam are located at the mean tide line.

4. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step (2), the width of the inner opening of the convex arc is 0.8 to 1.5 times the width of the intertidal zone.

5. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), the width of the mouth is 0.2 to 0.5 times the width of the intertidal zone.

6. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the dam crest elevation is the average tide level plus 0~0.5m.

7. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the arc-shaped offshore dam is constructed using sand bags, boulders or artificial blocks.

8. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (3), the spacing between each tidal pool group is 0.1 to 0.3 times the width of the intertidal zone; and / or, each tidal pool group is composed of a plurality of artificial tidal pools of 2 to 20 m in size closely arranged in a plum blossom shape or a honeycomb shape.

9. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the height of the tidal pool cofferdam is 0.5~1.0m.

10. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), each tidal pool is enclosed by sand bags, blocks of stone or concrete structures to form a circular, elliptical or polygonal shape.

11. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the scope of the aquatic vegetation planting area is selected in an area with better siltation effect according to the shielding effect of the arc-shaped offshore dam. When the waves are coming from the positive direction, it is suitable to be arranged directly behind the offshore dam, and when the waves are coming from the oblique direction, it is suitable to be arranged obliquely behind the offshore dam; the aquatic vegetation planting area is a semicircular area.

12. The method for arranging coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged in a semicircular area; and / or the vegetation in the aquatic vegetation is a salt-alkali tolerant species, such as mangroves, reeds, tamarisks, salsa or seaweed beds.

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