One-way device and vehicle

Abstract

The present invention provides a one-way device and a vehicle, belonging to the field of automobile technology. The one-way device comprises an outer ring, a ratchet shaft, a plurality of locking wedges, an elastic locking assembly and a control ring; the ratchet shaft is coaxial with the outer ring, and a one-way ratchet is provided on the end face facing the outer ring; a plurality of locking wedges are arranged along the circumference of the outer ring, and are respectively hinged to the end face of the outer ring facing the ratchet shaft; each locking wedge can rotate radially along the outer ring around the hinge axis; the elastic locking assembly is arranged on the outer ring, and the number corresponds to the locking wedge; the elastic locking assembly can push the locking wedge to rotate in the direction away from the outer ring; the control ring is coaxial with the outer ring, and the control ring is provided with a number of supporting pawls corresponding to the locking wedges, and the control ring can rotate around the axis of the outer ring, and the supporting pawls push the locking wedges to rotate in the direction of the outer ring. The one-way device provided by the present invention can achieve stable disconnection and combination between the locking mechanism and the locked member, reduce the loss of transmission efficiency, and improve transmission efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and in particular relates to a one-way device and a vehicle using the one-way device. Background Art

[0002] The one-way device is an important component to ensure smooth starting and gear shifting of the car. When the car engine speed exceeds the starter speed, the one-way device separates the engine from the starter to prevent the engine from driving the starter in reverse. When shifting gears, when the high gear is changed to the low gear, the output shaft still has a higher speed because the output shaft has just left the high-speed gear. The one-way device can prevent the output shaft from driving the low-speed gear in reverse.

[0003] When the current one-way clutch is in stable disconnection mode, there is usually contact friction between the locking mechanism and the locked part. As the operating speed of the locked part increases, the friction will generate a large amount of heat, affecting the transmission efficiency of the vehicle transmission mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides a one-way clutch, which aims to solve the energy loss caused by friction between the locking mechanism and the locked member of the existing one-way clutch, and improve the transmission efficiency of the vehicle.

[0005] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a one-way device, comprising: an outer ring, a plurality of locking wedges, an elastic locking assembly, a control ring and a ratchet shaft; the ratchet shaft is coaxial with the outer ring, and a one-way ratchet is provided on the end face facing the outer ring; a plurality of locking wedges are arranged along the circumference of the outer ring, and are respectively hinged to the end face of the outer ring facing the ratchet shaft; each of the locking wedges can rotate radially along the outer ring around the hinge axis; elastic locking assemblies are arranged on the outer ring, and the number corresponds to the locking wedges; the elastic locking assemblies can push the locking wedges to rotate in a direction away from the outer ring The control ring is coaxial with the outer ring and is axially located between the outer ring and the ratchet shaft; the control ring is provided with a number of supporting pawls corresponding to the locking wedges; the control ring can rotate around the axis of the outer ring, and the supporting pawls push the locking wedges to squeeze the elastic locking assembly and rotate in the direction of the outer ring; when the one-way device is disconnected, the control ring rotates to push the locking wedges to disengage from the ratchet shaft; when the one-way device is engaged, the control ring rotates to disengage from the locking wedges, and the elastic locking assembly pushes the locking wedges to lock with the ratchet shaft.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a guide step is provided on the end surface of the locking wedge facing the ratchet shaft, and the supporting pawl can abut against the guide step to push the locking wedge to rotate toward the outer ring.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, when the supporting pawl pushes the locking wedge, it can be tangent to the step end surface of the guide step.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the depth of the guide step gradually decreases from the hinged end of the locking wedge to the free end thereof.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the extrusion end surface of the locking wedge that contacts the elastic locking assembly is an arc-shaped surface.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the free end of the locking wedge is provided with a locking inclined surface adapted to lock with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a limiting column and a limiting step are provided on the outer ring, and the control ring is axially limited between a baffle plate at an end of the limiting column and the limiting step.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a limit pin for radially limiting the locking wedge is further provided on the outer ring, and the limit pin is located on the outer side of the locking wedge.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the elastic locking assembly includes an elastic member and a plunger connected to the elastic member; the outer ring is axially provided with a guide hole for installing the elastic member, and the plunger is slidably engaged with the guide hole.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle, comprising the one-way device described above.

[0015] The one-way device provided by the present invention, when disconnected, an external actuator drives the control ring to rotate, and the control ring can push the locking wedge to overcome the elastic force of the elastic locking assembly and disengage from the ratchet shaft. The locking wedge relies on the support of the control ring and maintains a certain gap with the ratchet shaft. When the ratchet shaft rotates, no contact friction with the locking wedge is generated, thereby avoiding the loss of transmission efficiency of the mechanism and achieving stable disconnection of the one-way device; when engaged, the control ring rotates in the opposite direction to disengage from the locking wedge, and the locking wedge is no longer restricted by the control ring. At this time, the elastic locking assembly relies on the stored elastic force to push the locking wedge and the ratchet shaft to achieve stable locking engagement.

[0016] The vehicle provided by the present invention, due to the adoption of the above-mentioned one-way device, can achieve stable disconnection and connection between the locking mechanism and the locked member, reduce the loss of transmission efficiency, and improve transmission efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the main structure of a disconnected state of a one-way device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the disconnected state of the empty isolator is provided;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The internal structure diagram of the isolator in disconnected state is provided;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the top view of the isolator in the disconnected state shown;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The three-dimensional structural diagram of the control ring and the locking wedge block when the one-way device is disconnected is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a one-way device in a combined state provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a one-way device in a combined state provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a control loop provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the locking wedge provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0026] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the locking wedge provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0027] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a one-way device provided in an embodiment of the present invention from a bottom view;

[0028] Fig.12 For along Fig.11 The cross-sectional structure diagram along the AA line;

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Outer ring; 11. Rectangular teeth; 12. Limiting step; 2. Control ring; 21. Support pawl; 22. U-shaped groove; 23. Avoidance groove; 3. Ratchet shaft; 4. Limiting pin; 5. Locking wedge; 51. Guide step; 52. Extrusion end face; 53. Locking slope; 54. Articulated end; 6. Limiting column; 7. Elastic locking assembly; 71. Plunger base; 72. Elastic member; 73. Plunger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Please also read Figures 1 to 12 The one-way device provided by the present invention is now described. The one-way device comprises: an outer ring 1, a plurality of locking wedges 5, an elastic locking assembly 7, a control ring 2 and a ratchet shaft 3; the ratchet shaft 3 is coaxial with the outer ring 1, and a one-way ratchet is provided on the end face facing the outer ring 1; a plurality of locking wedges 5 are arranged along the circumference of the outer ring, and are respectively hinged to the end face of the outer ring 1 facing the ratchet shaft; each locking wedge 5 can rotate radially along the outer ring 1 around the hinge axis; the elastic locking assembly 7 is arranged on the outer ring 1, and the number corresponds to the locking wedge 5; the elastic locking assembly 7 can push the locking wedge 5 to rotate in the direction away from the outer ring 1; the control ring 2 It is coaxial with the outer ring 1 and axially located between the outer ring 1 and the ratchet shaft 3; the control ring 2 is provided with supporting pawls 21 corresponding in number to the locking wedge 5; the control ring 2 can rotate around the axis of the outer ring 1, and the supporting pawls 21 push the locking wedge 5 to squeeze the elastic locking component 7 and rotate in the direction of the outer ring 1; when the one-way device is disconnected, the control ring 2 rotates, and the supporting pawls 21 push the locking wedge 5 to disengage from the ratchet shaft 3; when the one-way device is engaged, the control ring 2 rotates to disengage from the locking wedge 5, and the elastic locking component 7 pushes the locking wedge 5 to lock with the ratchet shaft 3.

[0033] In the one-way clutch provided in this embodiment, the outer ring 1 is the base of the one-way clutch and is a fixed element; the control ring 2 is an actuator and has a clearance with the outer ring 1 in both radial and axial directions. Under the drive of the actuator head, the control ring 2 can rotate clockwise and counterclockwise around the axis of the outer ring 1. Figures 1 to 5 When the one-way device is disconnected, the external actuator drives the control ring 2 to rotate, and the supporting pawl 21 of the control ring 2 can push the locking wedge 5 to overcome the elastic force of the elastic locking component 7 and disengage from the ratchet shaft 3. The locking wedge 5 relies on the support of the control ring 2 to maintain a certain gap with the ratchet shaft 3. When the ratchet shaft 3 rotates, it will not generate contact friction with the locking wedge 5, thereby avoiding the loss of transmission efficiency of the mechanism and achieving stable disconnection of the one-way device; see Figure 6 and Figure 7 When engaged, the control ring 2 rotates in the opposite direction to disengage the locking wedge 5, and the locking wedge 5 is no longer restricted by the control ring 2. At this time, the elastic locking component 7 relies on the stored elastic force to push the locking wedge 5 to contact the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft 3, limiting the rotational movement of the ratchet shaft 3 in one direction, thereby achieving stable and reliable locking of the one-way device.

[0034] In order to ensure that the locking wedge 5 is completely disengaged or reliably engaged with the ratchet shaft 3, the locking wedge 5 is evenly arranged circumferentially on the end surface of the outer ring 1 so that the locking wedge 5 applies a load evenly to the ratchet shaft 3 to avoid uneven load or force, thereby ensuring the stable engagement and disconnection of the locking wedge 5 and the ratchet shaft 3.

[0035] In this embodiment, see Figures 3 to 5 Three locking wedges 5 are evenly arranged on the end face of the outer ring 1. The three points form a force circle with uniform load distribution, which is applied to the end face of the ratchet shaft 3 or disengaged from the end face of the ratchet shaft 3 at the same time to ensure the reliability of disconnection or connection.

[0036] For example, Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the figure as an example, when the control ring 2 rotates clockwise, the support pawl 21 of the control ring 2 rotates along with it, and the support pawl 21 extends into the end face of the locking wedge 5 away from the outer ring 1, pushing the locking wedge 5 to rotate in the direction of the outer ring 1, and the free end of the locking wedge 5 gradually disengages from the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft 3. Since the control ring 2 and the ratchet shaft 3 are coaxial with the outer ring 1, the radial plane of the control ring 2 is parallel to the radial plane of the ratchet shaft 3. Due to the support of the control ring 2, the locking wedge 5 can be completely disengaged from the ratchet shaft 3, thereby avoiding contact interference between the ratchet shaft 3 and the locking wedge 5.

[0037] The process in which the control ring 2 pushes the locking wedge 5 to disengage from the ratchet shaft 3 is also the process in which the elastic locking assembly 7 stores energy, storing elastic energy for the combination of the locking wedge 5 and the ratchet shaft 3 .

[0038] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7 When the control ring 2 rotates counterclockwise, the supporting pawl 21 of the control ring 2 disengages from the locking wedge 5 until the control ring 2 and the locking wedge 5 are completely out of contact. The elastic locking assembly 7 can push the locking wedge 5 to rotate in the direction away from the outer ring 1 until the free end of the locking wedge 5 and the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft 3 fit together and lock.

[0039] Based on the control ring 2 provided with the supporting pawl 21 as described above, as an embodiment of the locking wedge 5, see Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The end surface of the locking wedge 5 facing the ratchet shaft is provided with a guide step 51, and the supporting pawl 21 of the control ring 2 can abut against the guide step 51, pushing the locking wedge 5 to rotate toward the outer ring 1. When the control ring 2 rotates clockwise, the supporting pawl 21 of the control ring 2 keeps tangent or in contact with the bottom of the guide step 51, so that the locking wedge 5 rotates toward the outer ring 1. The guide step 51 provides guidance and positioning for the supporting pawl 21.

[0040] Based on the control ring 2 provided with the supporting pawl 21 as described above, as an embodiment, see Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 When the supporting pawl pushes the locking wedge, it can be tangent to the step end face of the guide step to achieve smoothness in the process of the supporting pawl pushing the locking wedge.

[0041] like Fig. 9 As shown, based on the locking wedge 5 provided with the guide step 51, as an improved implementation of the locking wedge 5, the depth of the guide step 51 gradually decreases from the hinge end 54 of the locking wedge 5 to the free end thereof. Since the hinge end 54 of the locking wedge 5 is hinged to the end face of the outer ring 1, when the locking wedge 5 is combined with the ratchet shaft 3, the locking wedge 5 is in an inclined state after rotating around the hinge axis, and the axial displacement between the bottom of the guide step 51 and the outer ring 1 needs to be gradually increased to disengage the free end of the locking wedge 5 from the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft 3.

[0042] For the bottom shape of the guide step 51, see Fig. 9 In this embodiment, an arcuate curved surface or a straight inclined surface can be selected. When the locking wedge 5 is combined with the ratchet shaft 3, the angle between the straight inclined surface and the radial end surface of the ratchet shaft 3 is an acute angle.

[0043] like Figures 3 to 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the support pawl 21 of the control ring 2 corresponds to the locking wedge 5 one by one, and the contact line between the support pawl 21 and the inner wall of the guide step 51 is defined as the guide contact line. When rotating clockwise, the line in front of the control ring 2 is the auxiliary line. The length of the auxiliary line is smaller than the length of the guide contact line, so that the tip of the support pawl 21 is biased toward the front of the clockwise movement. When the control ring 2 rotates clockwise, the tip of the support pawl 21 first contacts the locking wedge 5. When the control ring 2 rotates counterclockwise, the tip of the support pawl 21 finally disengages from the locking wedge 5.

[0044] The control loop 2 provided in this embodiment, see Figures 3 to 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, avoidance grooves 23 are provided on both sides of the supporting pawl 21 to avoid interference between the control ring 2 and the locking wedge 5 when disconnecting.

[0045] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Fig.10As shown, based on the locking wedge 5 provided with a guide step 51, as another improved implementation of the locking wedge 5, the extrusion end face 52 on the locking wedge 5 that contacts the elastic locking assembly 7 is an arc-shaped surface, so that the elastic locking assembly 7 is always in smooth contact with the locking wedge 5 as the locking wedge 5 rotates.

[0046] In this embodiment, see Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The locking wedge 5 is hinged to the end face of the outer ring 1 by means of a hinge shaft. In order to enable the locking wedge 5 to rotate, the hinge end 54 of the locking wedge 5 is set to a cylindrical structure, and the outer surface of the hinge end 54 is an arc-shaped curved surface. The arc-shaped curved surface and the flat end face of the outer ring 1 form an escape space for facilitating the rotation of the locking wedge 5. The axis of the hinge shaft is set along the radial direction of the outer ring 1.

[0047] In order to facilitate the separation of the control ring 2 and the locking wedge 5, see Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The radial length of the articulated shaft is shorter than the radial length of the portion of the locking wedge 5 where the guide step 51 is provided, so as to prevent the articulated shaft or the articulated end 54 from interfering with the control ring 2 when the control ring 2 is disengaged or pushed.

[0048] See also Fig. 9 and Fig.10 In order to improve the stability and reliability of the combination, as an improved implementation, the free end of the locking wedge 5 is provided with a locking inclined surface 53 adapted to lock with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft 3.

[0049] Due to the rotation of the control ring 2, there is not only a radial clearance but also an axial clearance with the outer ring 1 to avoid interference. Therefore, the control ring 2 needs to be limited in both directions in the axial direction to avoid interference between the control ring 2 and the outer ring 1 and the ratchet shaft 3. Therefore, as an improved implementation, see Fig.12 A limiting column 6 and a limiting step 12 are provided on the outer ring 1 , and the control ring 2 is axially limited between the baffle plate at the end of the limiting column 6 and the limiting step 12 .

[0050] The above embodiment is an improvement on the structure of the outer ring 1, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig.12 Specifically, the outer periphery of the outer ring 1 is provided with a plurality of rectangular teeth 11 which are radially protruding and adapted for fixed installation. The locking wedge blocks 5 and the limiting columns 6 in this embodiment are arranged at intervals and correspond to the rectangular teeth 11 respectively. Of course, it should be noted that the locking wedge blocks 5 and the limiting columns 6 are both on the outer ring 1 body, rather than being arranged on the protruding rectangular teeth 11.

[0051] It also needs to be explained that the control ring 2 and the outer ring 1 have a radial clearance fit, that is, the inner ring of the control ring 2 and the outer circumferential surface of the outer ring 1 have a radial clearance fit, and the rectangular teeth 11 arranged on the outer ring 1 have an axial overlap with the control ring 2, the axial length of the rectangular teeth 11 is shorter than the axial length of the outer ring 1, and the end face of the rectangular teeth 11 close to the control ring 2 constitutes an axial limit for the control ring 2, or a limit step 12 is arranged on the rectangular teeth 11.

[0052] As another improved embodiment of the outer ring 1, see Figure 1 to Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, the outer ring 1 is also provided with a limit pin 4 for radially limiting the locking wedge 5, and the limit pin 4 is located outside the locking wedge 5. The limit pin 4 is interference fit in the axial hole of the outer ring 1, or is threadedly connected to the outer ring 1.

[0053] Based on the above control ring 2 and locking wedge 5, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As an embodiment of the elastic locking assembly 7, the elastic locking assembly 7 includes an elastic member 72 and a plunger 73 connected to the elastic member 72; the outer ring 1 is axially provided with a guide hole for installing the elastic member 72, and the plunger 73 is slidably matched with the guide hole. Exemplarily, the elastic member 72 is a spring, and its two ends are respectively connected to the bottom of the guide hole and the plunger 73, wherein the end of the plunger 73 that is pressed against the locking wedge 5 is a ball head curved surface, and realizes smooth contact with the arc surface of the locking wedge 5.

[0054] As another embodiment of the elastic locking assembly 7, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 In addition to the elastic member 72 and the plunger 73, the elastic locking assembly 7 also includes a plunger base 71 fixedly connected to the outer ring 1. Specifically, the guide hole is axially penetrated by the outer ring 1, the plunger base 71 is interference-fitted in the guide hole, the elastic member 72 is connected between the plunger base 71 and the plunger 73, and the plunger 73 can be fully or partially slid into the guide hole under compression.

[0055] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle, including the one-way device. Due to the use of the one-way device, the locking mechanism and the locked member can be stably disconnected and connected, reducing the loss of transmission efficiency and improving transmission efficiency.

[0056] A U-shaped groove 22 for connecting an external actuator is provided on the control ring 2. The external actuator provides power for the rotation of the control ring 2.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-way device, characterized in that: include: Outer ring (1); A ratchet shaft (3) is coaxial with the outer ring (1) and is provided with a one-way ratchet tooth on the end surface facing the outer ring (1); A plurality of locking wedges (5) are arranged along the circumference of the outer ring (1) and are respectively hinged to the end surface of the outer ring (1) facing the ratchet shaft (3); each locking wedge (5) is capable of rotating radially along the outer ring (1) around the hinge axis; Elastic locking components (7) are arranged on the outer ring (1), and the number of the components corresponds to the locking wedges (5); the elastic locking components (7) are capable of pushing the locking wedges (5) to rotate in a direction away from the outer ring (1); a control ring (2) coaxial with the outer ring (1) and axially located between the outer ring (1) and the ratchet shaft (3); the control ring (2) is provided with supporting pawls (21) corresponding in number to the locking wedges (5); the control ring (2) is rotatable around the axis of the outer ring (1); the supporting pawls (21) push the locking wedges (5) to squeeze the elastic locking assembly (7) and rotate in the direction of the outer ring (1); and When the one-way device is disconnected, the control ring (2) rotates, and the supporting pawl (21) pushes the locking wedge (5) to disengage from the ratchet shaft (3); When the one-way device is engaged, the control ring (2) rotates to disengage from the locking wedge (5), and the elastic locking assembly (7) pushes the locking wedge (5) to lock with the ratchet shaft (3); The extrusion end surface (52) on the locking wedge (5) that contacts the elastic locking component (7) is an arc-shaped curved surface; The free end of the locking wedge (5) is provided with a locking inclined surface (53) adapted to lock with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft (3).

2. The isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking wedge (5) is provided with a guide step (51) on the end surface facing the ratchet shaft, and the supporting pawl (21) can abut against the guide step (51) to push the locking wedge (5) to rotate toward the outer ring (1).

3. The isolator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the supporting pawl (21) pushes the locking wedge (5), it can be tangent to the step end surface of the guide step (51).

4. The isolator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The depth of the guide step (51) gradually decreases from the hinged end of the locking wedge (5) to its free end.

5. The isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring (1) is provided with a limiting column (6) and a limiting step (12), and the control ring (2) is axially limited between a baffle at the end of the limiting column (6) and the limiting step (12).

6. The isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring (1) is also provided with a limit pin (4) for radially limiting the locking wedge (5), and the limit pin (4) is located outside the locking wedge (5).

7. The isolator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The elastic locking assembly (7) comprises an elastic member (72) and a plunger (73) connected to the elastic member, the outer ring (1) is axially provided with a guide hole for installing the elastic member (72), and the plunger (73) is slidably matched with the guide hole.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises the isolator as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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