Fuel cell immersion cooling system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fuel cell immersion cooling system and method, including an auxiliary water pump sucking liquid cooling medium and pumping it into the cooling flow channel of the fuel cell stack; the liquid cooling medium absorbs a large amount of heat in the cooling flow channel and the surface of the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell stack, vaporizes and undergoes phase change, the gas floats up and atomizes when it encounters cold to form steam, condenses into water droplets on the heat conduction plate and falls back into the liquid cooling medium to form a cycle, and releases a large amount of heat from the gas phase change to the liquid phase and transfers it to the condensation chamber through the heat conduction plate; the immersion chamber transfers heat to the coolant in the condensation chamber through the heat conduction plate, and dissipates heat through the radiator in the cooling circuit. The present invention has high thermal conductivity, high efficiency, and strong capacity, can stably maintain the working temperature of the stack, and can adapt to various working conditions and environments of the stack; can greatly reduce the use of high-insulation performance cooling medium and extend the service life, thereby effectively reducing the use and maintenance costs of high-insulation performance cooling medium and deionizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to an immersion cooling system and method for a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Existing fuel cell cooling systems mostly use single-phase liquid cooling, that is, no phase change occurs, and heat transfer is achieved only through temperature changes in the cooling medium. The single-phase liquid cooling method used in existing fuel cell cooling systems has a low heat transfer coefficient, low thermal conductivity, low efficiency, and weak capacity. In addition, if heat exchange is not timely, the local temperature rise of the cooling medium will also cause the temperature of the stack to rise, making it difficult to stably maintain the operating temperature of the stack. In particular, when the heat generation of the stack suddenly increases significantly, it has a great impact on the working state, failure rate, and life of the stack, and cannot fully adapt to various working conditions and environments of the stack.

[0003] The characteristic of the existing fuel cell cooling system is that the fuel cell stack and the heat-generating auxiliary components are in the same cycle. Specifically, the fuel cell stack and other heat-generating components share the cooling medium, and the fuel cell stack has higher requirements on the insulation performance of the cooling medium than other heat-generating components, which leads to the cooling system's overall higher requirements on the insulation performance of the cooling medium and higher costs for the use and maintenance of the cooling medium. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a fuel cell immersion cooling system and method, which has high thermal conductivity, high efficiency, and strong capacity. It can stably maintain the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack and can adapt to various working conditions and environments of the fuel cell stack. It can greatly reduce the use of high-insulation performance cooling medium and extend the service life, thereby effectively reducing the use and maintenance cost of high-insulation performance cooling medium.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fuel cell immersion cooling method, based on the fuel cell immersion cooling system, including a cooling box, an auxiliary water pump, a radiator and a main water pump; the cooling box includes an immersion chamber and a condensation chamber; the immersion chamber is a closed structure, and the immersion chamber is filled with a liquid cooling medium; a fuel cell stack and an auxiliary water pump are installed in the immersion chamber, and the fuel cell stack and the auxiliary water pump are immersed in the liquid cooling medium, and the auxiliary water pump outlet is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack; a heat conduction plate is arranged between the immersion chamber and the condensation chamber, and the immersion chamber and the condensation chamber are connected through the heat conduction plate; a coolant outlet and a coolant inlet are arranged on the condensation chamber; the coolant outlet of the condensation chamber is connected to the radiator inlet, the radiator outlet is connected to the main water pump inlet, and the main water pump outlet is connected to the coolant inlet of the condensation chamber;

[0006] The fuel cell immersion cooling method comprises the steps of:

[0007] The fuel cell stack generates heat and its temperature rises. The auxiliary water pump sucks in liquid cooling medium and pumps it into the cooling channel of the fuel cell stack. The liquid cooling medium absorbs a large amount of heat in the cooling channel of the fuel cell stack and on the surface of the fuel cell stack, vaporizes and undergoes phase change. The discharge from the stack coolant outlet is mixed with gaseous and liquid cooling medium, and the stack surface also boils and generates bubbles. The gas floats up and atomizes to form steam when it encounters cold, condenses into water droplets on the heat conduction plate and falls back into the liquid medium to form a cycle, changing from gas to liquid and releasing a large amount of heat, which is transferred to the condensation chamber through the heat conduction plate.

[0008] The main water pump sucks in low-temperature coolant and pumps it into the condensing chamber. The condensing chamber is filled with flowing coolant, which absorbs the heat transferred by the heat transfer plate and turns into high-temperature coolant. The high-temperature cooling water discharges the heat outside the system at the radiator and turns into low-temperature cooling water, which is then re-sucked in by the water pump to form a cycle.

[0009] Furthermore, a heat-generating auxiliary component in the fuel cell system is arranged on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber and the radiator;

[0010] The main water pump sucks in low-temperature coolant and pumps it into the condensing chamber. The condensing chamber and the cooling channels of the heat-generating auxiliary components in the fuel cell system are filled with flowing coolant, which absorbs the heat transferred by the heat transfer plate and the heat of the heat-generating auxiliary components and turns into high-temperature coolant; finally, the heat is discharged to the outside of the system at the radiator and turned into low-temperature coolant, which is then re-sucked in by the water pump to form a cycle.

[0011] Furthermore, a main water pump outlet temperature sensor, a radiator inlet temperature sensor and a radiator outlet temperature sensor are provided in the fuel cell immersion cooling system;

[0012] The main water pump outlet temperature T1, the radiator inlet temperature T2, and the radiator outlet temperature T3 are measured respectively by the main water pump outlet temperature sensor, the radiator inlet temperature sensor, and the radiator outlet temperature sensor;

[0013] The main controller receives the temperature data measured by each temperature sensor and calculates the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the heat generating component ΔT=T2-T1;

[0014] The main controller queries T3-r f Correspondence table, ΔT-r p The corresponding relationship table is interpolated to obtain the target speed r of the radiator fan f , Main water pump target speed r p ,These tables can be obtained by test calibration, and represent the actuator target speed corresponding to multiple temperatures / temperature differences;

[0015] The main controller calculates the target speed r of the radiator fan f , Main water pump target speed r pThe signals are sent to the radiator control end and the main water pump control end respectively, and finally the radiator fan speed and the main water pump speed are adjusted to realize real-time adjustment and control of the cooling system and ensure that the fuel cell system works within a good temperature range.

[0016] Furthermore, a box pressure sensor is provided in the immersion chamber, and the box pressure sensor is located in the gas above the immersion chamber; an emergency pressure relief valve is provided on the immersion chamber;

[0017] The box gas pressure P is monitored in real time through the box pressure sensor. If the box gas pressure P does not exceed the preset threshold value P1, the emergency pressure relief valve will not respond; if it exceeds the preset pressure relief threshold value P1, in order to prevent the box from exploding, the emergency pressure relief valve will open, and the gas in the immersion chamber will leak to the outside, and the gas pressure will decrease until the box gas pressure P reaches the preset normal threshold value P2, the emergency pressure relief valve will close, and the immersion chamber will return to a closed state.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a fuel cell immersion cooling system, including a cooling box, an auxiliary water pump, a radiator and a main water pump;

[0019] The cooling box includes an immersion chamber and a condensation chamber; the immersion chamber is a closed structure, and is filled with a liquid cooling medium; a fuel cell stack and an auxiliary water pump are installed in the immersion chamber, and the fuel cell stack and the auxiliary water pump are immersed in the liquid cooling medium, and the auxiliary water pump outlet is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack; a heat conduction plate is arranged between the immersion chamber and the condensation chamber, and the immersion chamber and the condensation chamber are connected through the heat conduction plate; a coolant outlet and a coolant inlet are arranged on the condensation chamber;

[0020] The coolant outlet of the condensing chamber is connected to the radiator inlet, the radiator outlet is connected to the main water pump inlet, and the main water pump outlet is connected to the coolant inlet of the condensing chamber.

[0021] Furthermore, a deionizer is included, which is installed in the immersion chamber and immersed in the liquid cooling medium, and the deionizer is connected in parallel with the auxiliary water pump. The deionizer is used to absorb ions in the coolant, increase the insulation performance of the coolant, and extend the service life of the coolant. The deionizer is connected in parallel with the water pump to drive the coolant through the deionizer, while minimizing the flow resistance of the coolant in the auxiliary water pump circuit.

[0022] Furthermore, a box pressure sensor is provided in the immersion chamber, and the box pressure sensor is located in the upper gas in the immersion chamber.

[0023] Furthermore, an emergency pressure relief valve is provided on the immersion chamber, which is opened to relieve pressure when the gas pressure in the box is too high, so as to prevent the condensation cycle from being interrupted and causing the box to explode.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes a main water pump outlet temperature sensor, a radiator inlet temperature sensor and a radiator outlet temperature sensor, and the main water pump outlet temperature sensor, the radiator inlet temperature sensor and the radiator outlet temperature sensor are respectively located at the main water pump outlet, the radiator inlet and the radiator outlet.

[0025] Furthermore, a heat-generating auxiliary component in the fuel cell system is arranged in series on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber and the radiator, the coolant outlet of the condensing chamber is connected to the coolant inlet of the heat-generating auxiliary component in the fuel cell system, and the coolant outlet of the heat-generating auxiliary component is connected to the radiator inlet.

[0026] Alternatively, a heat generating auxiliary component in the fuel cell system is arranged in parallel on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber and the radiator, and both ends of the heat generating auxiliary component in the fuel cell system are connected in parallel to both ends of the condensing chamber.

[0027] While performing two-phase cooling on the fuel cell stack, which is the main heat-generating component in the fuel cell system, external heat dissipation can also be used to cool other heat-generating auxiliary components in the fuel cell system to achieve unified heat dissipation of the entire fuel cell system.

[0028] The beneficial effects of adopting this technical solution are:

[0029] In the present invention, since a two-phase liquid cooling method is adopted for the fuel cell stack, which is the main heat source, compared with the existing single-phase liquid-cooled fuel cell cooling system, the liquid cooling medium absorbs much more heat than the temperature rise during the vaporization process, and the immersion of the liquid cooling medium also enhances the heat dissipation capacity of the surface of the fuel cell. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficient of the fuel cell immersion cooling system is much higher, the thermal conductivity is high, the efficiency is high, and the capacity is strong. After the cooling medium absorbs heat and vaporizes, the gaseous cooling medium floats, and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium is always maintained at the boiling point, which can maintain the fuel cell immersed in the liquid cooling medium at a stable operating temperature. In particular, it can play a key buffering role when dealing with a sudden and substantial increase in the heat generation of the fuel cell stack. It has significant advantages and can adapt to various working conditions and environments of the fuel cell stack.

[0030] In the present invention, the battery stack is separated from the main cycle and does not share or exchange cooling medium with the main cycle, which can greatly reduce the usage of high-insulation cooling medium and extend the service life, thereby effectively reducing the use and maintenance costs of high-insulation cooling medium.

[0031] In the present invention, since the condensation chamber and the sealed immersion chamber are independent of each other, the coolant used in the main circulation does not need to consider the insulation performance, and only ordinary coolant can be used as the cooling medium during heat exchange. Therefore, the heat dissipation method of the fuel cell immersion cooling system can greatly reduce the use of high-insulation cooling medium. At the same time, since the high-insulation cooling medium in the immersion chamber does not participate in the main circulation, the service life of the high-insulation cooling medium and the deionizer in the immersion chamber can be extended, thereby effectively reducing the use and maintenance costs of the high-insulation cooling medium and the deionizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic flow chart of a fuel cell immersion cooling method according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fuel cell immersion cooling system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell immersion cooling system in an optimized implementation manner of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell immersion cooling system in another optimized embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] 1—Fuel cell stack; 2—Auxiliary water pump; 3—Deionizer; 4—Box pressure sensor; 5—Immersion chamber; 6—Heat conduction plate; 7—Condensation chamber; 8—Heat-generating auxiliary components; 9—Radiator inlet temperature sensor; 10—Radiator; 11—Radiator outlet temperature sensor; 12—Main water pump; 13—Main water pump outlet temperature sensor; 14—Emergency pressure relief valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] In this embodiment, see Figure 1As shown, the present invention proposes a fuel cell immersion cooling method, based on a fuel cell immersion cooling system, including a cooling box, an auxiliary water pump 2, a radiator 10 and a main water pump 12; the cooling box includes an immersion chamber 5 and a condensation chamber 7; the immersion chamber 5 is a closed structure, and the immersion chamber 5 is filled with a liquid cooling medium; a fuel cell stack 1 and an auxiliary water pump 2 are installed in the immersion chamber 5, and the fuel cell stack 1 and the auxiliary water pump 2 are immersed in the liquid cooling medium, and the outlet of the auxiliary water pump 2 is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1; a heat conduction plate 6 is arranged between the immersion chamber 5 and the condensation chamber 7, and the immersion chamber 5 and the condensation chamber 7 are connected through the heat conduction plate 6; a coolant outlet and a coolant inlet are arranged on the condensation chamber 7; the coolant outlet of the condensation chamber 7 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 10, the outlet of the radiator 10 is connected to the inlet of the main water pump 12, and the outlet of the main water pump 12 is connected to the coolant inlet of the condensation chamber 7;

[0039] The fuel cell immersion cooling method comprises the steps of:

[0040] The fuel cell stack 1 generates heat and its temperature rises. The auxiliary water pump 2 sucks liquid cooling medium and pumps it into the cooling channel of the fuel cell stack 1. The liquid cooling medium absorbs a large amount of heat in the cooling channel of the fuel cell stack 1 and on the surface of the fuel cell stack 1, and vaporizes to undergo a phase change. The discharge from the stack coolant outlet is a mixture of gaseous and liquid cooling mediums, and boiling and bubbles are generated on the stack surface. The gas floats up and atomizes to form steam when it encounters cold, condenses into water droplets on the heat conducting plate 6, and then falls back into the liquid medium to form a cycle, and changes from a gas phase to a liquid phase, releasing a large amount of heat, which is transferred to the condensation chamber 7 through the heat conducting plate 6.

[0041] The main water pump 12 sucks in the low-temperature coolant and pumps it into the condensing chamber 7. The condensing chamber 7 is filled with flowing coolant, which absorbs the heat transferred by the heat conducting plate 6 and turns into high-temperature coolant. The high-temperature cooling water discharges the heat to the outside of the system at the radiator 10 and turns into low-temperature cooling water, which is then re-sucked by the water pump to form a cycle.

[0042] As an optimized solution 1 of the above-mentioned fuel cell immersion cooling method embodiment, a heat-generating auxiliary component 8 in the fuel cell system is arranged on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber 7 and the radiator 10;

[0043] The main water pump 12 sucks in the low-temperature coolant and pumps it into the condensing chamber 7. The condensing chamber 7 and the cooling channel of the heat-generating auxiliary component 8 in the fuel cell system are filled with flowing coolant, which absorbs the heat transferred by the heat conducting plate 6 and the heat of the heat-generating auxiliary component 8 and turns into high-temperature coolant; finally, the heat is discharged to the outside of the system at the radiator 10 and turned into low-temperature coolant, which is then re-sucked in by the water pump to form a cycle.

[0044] As an optimization scheme 2 of the above-mentioned fuel cell immersion cooling method embodiment, a main water pump outlet temperature sensor 13, a radiator inlet temperature sensor 9 and a radiator outlet temperature sensor 11 are set in the fuel cell immersion cooling system;

[0045] The outlet temperature T1 of the main water pump 12, the inlet temperature T2 of the radiator 10, and the outlet temperature T3 of the radiator 10 are measured respectively by the outlet temperature sensor 13 of the main water pump, the inlet temperature sensor 9 of the radiator, and the outlet temperature T3 of the radiator 10;

[0046] The main controller receives the temperature data measured by each temperature sensor and calculates the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the heat generating component ΔT=T2-T1;

[0047] The main controller queries T3-r f Correspondence table, ΔT-r p The corresponding relationship table interpolates the target speed r of the radiator 10 fan f , Main water pump 12 target speed r p ,These tables can be obtained by test calibration, and represent the actuator target speed corresponding to multiple temperatures / temperature differences;

[0048] The main controller calculates the target speed r of the fan of the radiator 10 f , main water pump 12 target speed r p The signals are sent to the control end of the radiator 10 and the control end of the main water pump 12 respectively, and finally the fan speed of the radiator 10 and the main water pump 12 are adjusted to realize real-time adjustment and control of the cooling system and ensure that the fuel cell system works within a good temperature range.

[0049] As an optimization scheme 3 of the above-mentioned fuel cell immersion cooling method embodiment, a box pressure sensor 4 is provided in the immersion chamber 5, and the box pressure sensor 4 is located in the upper gas in the immersion chamber 5; an emergency pressure relief valve 14 is provided on the immersion chamber 5;

[0050] The box gas pressure P is monitored in real time by the box pressure sensor 4. If the box gas pressure P does not exceed the preset threshold value P1, the emergency pressure relief valve 14 does not respond; if it exceeds the preset pressure relief threshold value P1, in order to prevent a box explosion, the emergency pressure relief valve 14 opens, and the gas in the immersion chamber 5 leaks to the outside, and the gas pressure decreases until the box gas pressure P reaches the preset normal threshold value P2, and the emergency pressure relief valve 14 closes, and the immersion chamber 5 returns to a closed state.

[0051] To cooperate with the implementation of the present invention, based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a fuel cell immersion cooling system, including a cooling box, an auxiliary water pump 2, a radiator 10 and a main water pump 12;

[0052] The cooling box includes an immersion chamber 5 and a condensation chamber 7; the immersion chamber 5 is a closed structure, and is filled with a liquid cooling medium; a fuel cell stack 1 and an auxiliary water pump 2 are installed in the immersion chamber 5, and the fuel cell stack 1 and the auxiliary water pump 2 are immersed in the liquid cooling medium, and the outlet of the auxiliary water pump 2 is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1; a heat conduction plate 6 is arranged between the immersion chamber 5 and the condensation chamber 7, and the immersion chamber 5 and the condensation chamber 7 are connected through the heat conduction plate 6; a coolant outlet and a coolant inlet are arranged on the condensation chamber 7;

[0053] The coolant outlet of the condensation chamber 7 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 10 , the outlet of the radiator 10 is connected to the inlet of the main water pump 12 , and the outlet of the main water pump 12 is connected to the coolant inlet of the condensation chamber 7 .

[0054] As an optimization scheme 1 of the above system embodiment, a deionizer 3 is also included. The deionizer 3 is installed in the immersion chamber 5 and immersed in the liquid cooling medium. The deionizer 3 is connected in parallel with the auxiliary water pump 2. The deionizer 3 is used to adsorb ions in the coolant, increase the insulation performance of the coolant, and extend the service life of the coolant. The deionizer 3 is connected in parallel with the water pump to drive the coolant through the deionizer 3, while minimizing the flow resistance of the coolant in the auxiliary water pump 2 circuit.

[0055] As an optimization solution 2 of the above system embodiment, a box pressure sensor 4 is provided in the immersion chamber 5 , and the box pressure sensor 4 is located in the upper gas in the immersion chamber 5 .

[0056] As an optimization solution 3 of the above system embodiment, an emergency pressure relief valve 14 is provided on the immersion chamber 5, which is opened to relieve pressure when the gas pressure in the box is too high to prevent the condensation cycle from being interrupted and causing a box explosion.

[0057] As an optimization scheme 4 of the above system embodiment, it also includes a main water pump outlet temperature sensor 13, a radiator inlet temperature sensor 9 and a radiator outlet temperature sensor 11. The main water pump outlet temperature sensor 13, the radiator inlet temperature sensor 9 and the radiator outlet temperature sensor 11 are respectively located at the outlet of the main water pump 12, the inlet of the radiator 10 and the outlet of the radiator 10. Real-time monitoring of the medium temperature is achieved, which facilitates full automatic adjustment of the cooling system.

[0058] As an optimization solution 5 of the above system embodiment, Figure 3As shown, a heat-generating auxiliary component 8 in the fuel cell system is arranged in series on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber 7 and the radiator 10, the coolant outlet of the condensing chamber 7 is connected to the coolant inlet of the heat-generating auxiliary component 8 in the fuel cell system, and the coolant outlet of the heat-generating auxiliary component 8 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 10. The heat-generating auxiliary component 8 is a general term for auxiliary system components in the fuel cell system that generate heat and require a cooling system for cooling, including an intercooler, a DC / DC converter, an air compressor and its controller, etc.

[0059] As an optimization solution 6 of the above system embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, a heat generating auxiliary component 8 in the fuel cell system is arranged in parallel on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber 7 and the radiator 10 , and both ends of the heat generating auxiliary component 8 in the fuel cell system are connected in parallel to both ends of the condensing chamber 7 .

[0060] While performing two-phase cooling on the fuel cell stack, which is the main heat-generating component in the fuel cell system, an external radiator can also be used to cool other heat-generating auxiliary components 8 in the fuel cell system, thereby achieving unified heat dissipation of the entire fuel cell system.

[0061] In order to better understand the present invention, the working principle of the present invention is described in detail below:

[0062] The cooling medium in the immersion chamber 5 has two characteristics. One is that the cooling medium has good insulation performance, and a deionizer 3 is provided to adsorb ions in the cooling medium to ensure the insulation performance of the cooling medium during the maintenance cycle. The other is that the boiling point temperature of the cooling medium can maintain the appropriate temperature for the operation of the battery stack. When the battery stack generates heat and the temperature rises during operation, the auxiliary water pump 2 sucks the cooling medium into the battery stack to accelerate the heat exchange rate. The liquid cooling medium absorbs a large amount of heat in the cooling channel and the surface of the battery stack in the battery stack and vaporizes to undergo a phase change. Therefore, the discharge from the battery stack outlet is mixed with gaseous and liquid cooling media, and the surface of the battery stack also boils and bubbles are generated. These bubbles float up and atomize to form steam when they are cooled, and finally condense into water droplets on the heat conducting plate 6 and fall back into the liquid cooling to form a cycle. The gas phase changes to liquid, releasing a large amount of heat, which is transferred to the condensation chamber 7 through the heat conducting plate 6. The main cycle adopts a single-phase liquid cooling method, and heat transfer is achieved by changing the temperature of the coolant. There are no special requirements for the main cycle coolant, and ordinary water can be used. The main water pump 12 draws in low-temperature coolant and pumps it into the condensing chamber 7 and auxiliary components to speed up the heat exchange rate. The condensing chamber 7 and the cooling channels of the auxiliary components are filled with flowing coolant, which absorbs the heat generated by the battery stack and auxiliary components and turns into high-temperature coolant. Finally, the heat is discharged to the outside of the system through the fan at the radiator 10 and turned into low-temperature coolant, which is then re-sucked in by the water pump to form a circulation.

[0063] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fuel cell immersion cooling method, characterized in that: The invention relates to a fuel cell immersion cooling system, comprising a cooling box, an auxiliary water pump (2), a radiator (10) and a main water pump (12); the cooling box comprises an immersion chamber (5) and a condensation chamber (7); the immersion chamber (5) is a closed structure, and is filled with a liquid cooling medium; a fuel cell stack (1) and an auxiliary water pump (2) are installed in the immersion chamber (5), and the fuel cell stack (1) and the auxiliary water pump (2) are immersed in the liquid cooling medium, and the outlet of the auxiliary water pump (2) is connected to the fuel cell stack. The condensing chamber (7) is connected to the cooling liquid inlet of the battery stack (1); a heat conducting plate (6) is arranged between the immersion chamber (5) and the condensing chamber (7), and the immersion chamber (5) and the condensing chamber (7) are connected via the heat conducting plate (6); a cooling liquid outlet and a cooling liquid inlet are arranged on the condensing chamber (7); the cooling liquid outlet of the condensing chamber (7) is connected to the inlet of the radiator (10), the outlet of the radiator (10) is connected to the inlet of the main water pump (12), and the outlet of the main water pump (12) is connected to the cooling liquid inlet of the condensing chamber (7); The fuel cell immersion cooling method comprises the steps of: The fuel cell stack (1) generates heat and its temperature rises. The auxiliary water pump (2) sucks in liquid cooling medium and pumps it into the cooling flow channel of the fuel cell stack (1); the liquid cooling medium absorbs a large amount of heat in the cooling flow channel of the fuel cell stack (1) and on the surface of the fuel cell stack (1), vaporizes, and undergoes phase change; the gas floats up and atomizes into steam when it encounters cold, condenses into water droplets on the heat conduction plate (6), and then falls back into the liquid medium to form a cycle, and a large amount of heat is released from the gas phase change to the liquid phase, which is transferred to the condensation chamber (7) through the heat conduction plate (6); The main water pump (12) sucks low-temperature coolant and pumps it into the condensation chamber (7). The condensation chamber (7) is filled with flowing coolant, which absorbs the heat transferred by the heat conduction plate (6) and turns into high-temperature coolant. The high-temperature cooling water discharges heat to the outside of the system at the radiator (10) and becomes low-temperature cooling water, which is then sucked back into circulation by the water pump.

2. A fuel cell immersion cooling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat-generating auxiliary component (8) in a fuel cell system is arranged on a cooling circuit between the condensing chamber (7) and the radiator (10); The main water pump (12) sucks in low-temperature coolant and pumps it into the condensing chamber (7). The condensing chamber (7) and the cooling channel of the heat-generating auxiliary component (8) in the fuel cell system are filled with flowing coolant, which absorbs the heat transferred by the heat conducting plate (6) and the heat of the heat-generating auxiliary component (8) and turns into high-temperature coolant. Finally, the heat is discharged to the outside of the system at the radiator (10) and turned into low-temperature coolant, which is then re-sucked in by the water pump to form a cycle.

3. A fuel cell immersion cooling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A main water pump outlet temperature sensor (13), a radiator inlet temperature sensor (9) and a radiator outlet temperature sensor (11) are provided in a fuel cell immersion cooling system; The outlet temperature T1 of the main water pump (12), the inlet temperature T2 of the radiator (10), and the outlet temperature T3 of the radiator (10) are respectively measured by the outlet temperature sensor (13) of the main water pump, the inlet temperature sensor (9) of the radiator, and the outlet temperature T3 of the radiator (10); The main controller receives the temperature data measured by each temperature sensor and calculates the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the heat generating component ΔT=T2-T1; The main controller queries T3-r f Correspondence table, ΔT-r p The corresponding relationship table is interpolated to obtain the target speed r of the fan of the radiator (10) f , Main water pump (12) target speed r p ; The main controller calculates the fan target speed r of the radiator (10) f , Main water pump (12) target speed r p The signals are sent to the control end of the radiator (10) and the control end of the main water pump (12) respectively, and finally the fan speed of the radiator (10) and the main water pump (12) are adjusted to realize real-time adjustment and control of the cooling system.

4. A fuel cell immersion cooling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A box pressure sensor (4) is arranged in the immersion chamber (5), and the box pressure sensor (4) is located in the upper gas in the immersion chamber (5); an emergency pressure relief valve (14) is arranged on the immersion chamber (5); The box gas pressure P is monitored in real time by the box pressure sensor (4). If the box gas pressure P does not exceed the preset threshold value P1, the emergency pressure relief valve (14) does not respond; If the preset pressure relief threshold value P1 is exceeded, the emergency pressure relief valve (14) opens, the gas in the immersion chamber (5) leaks to the outside, and the gas pressure decreases until the box gas pressure P reaches the preset normal threshold value P2, the emergency pressure relief valve (14) closes, and the immersion chamber (5) returns to the closed state.

5. A fuel cell immersion cooling system, characterized in that: It comprises a cooling box, an auxiliary water pump (2), a radiator (10) and a main water pump (12); The cooling box comprises an immersion chamber (5) and a condensation chamber (7); the immersion chamber (5) is a closed structure, and is filled with a liquid cooling medium; a fuel cell stack (1) and an auxiliary water pump (2) are installed in the immersion chamber (5), and the fuel cell stack (1) and the auxiliary water pump (2) are immersed in the liquid cooling medium, and the outlet of the auxiliary water pump (2) is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack (1); a heat conduction plate (6) is arranged between the immersion chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (7), and the immersion chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (7) are connected via the heat conduction plate (6); a coolant outlet and a coolant inlet are arranged on the condensation chamber (7); The coolant outlet of the condensation chamber (7) is connected to the inlet of the radiator (10), the outlet of the radiator (10) is connected to the inlet of the main water pump (12), and the outlet of the main water pump (12) is connected to the coolant inlet of the condensation chamber (7).

6. A fuel cell immersion cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a deionizer (3), which is installed in the immersion chamber (5) and immersed in the liquid cooling medium. The deionizer (3) is connected in parallel with the auxiliary water pump (2).

7. A fuel cell immersion cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A box pressure sensor (4) is arranged in the immersion chamber (5), and the box pressure sensor (4) is located in the upper gas in the immersion chamber (5).

8. A fuel cell immersion cooling system according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that: An emergency pressure relief valve (14) is provided on the immersion chamber (5).

9. A fuel cell immersion cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system also includes a main water pump outlet temperature sensor (13), a radiator inlet temperature sensor (9) and a radiator outlet temperature sensor (11), wherein the main water pump outlet temperature sensor (13), the radiator inlet temperature sensor (9) and the radiator outlet temperature sensor (11) are respectively located at the main water pump (12) outlet, the radiator (10) inlet and the radiator (10) outlet.

10. The fuel cell immersion cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A heat-generating auxiliary component (8) in the fuel cell system is arranged in series on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber (7) and the radiator (10), the coolant outlet of the condensing chamber (7) is connected to the coolant inlet of the heat-generating auxiliary component (8) in the fuel cell system, and the coolant outlet of the heat-generating auxiliary component (8) is connected to the inlet of the radiator (10); or, a heat-generating auxiliary component (8) in the fuel cell system is arranged in parallel on the cooling circuit of the condensing chamber (7) and the radiator (10), and two ends of the heat-generating auxiliary component (8) in the fuel cell system are connected in parallel to two ends of the condensing chamber (7).

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