Transformer protection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer protection device and method, which relate to the technical field of power transformer protection. The outer surface of the coil winding in the transformer box is monitored by a camera; the inner surface of the coil winding in the transformer box is monitored by a photosensitive array probe board; an image recognition processing module is used to process pictures taken by the camera; a control module is electrically connected to the photosensitive array probe board and the image and video processing module, respectively, and is used to process data monitored by the photosensitive array probe board and the image and video processing module, monitor the winding of the transformer by the camera and the photosensitive array probe board, monitor the winding state of the transformer by setting an image processing module and a control module, and send an alarm signal and an action signal to the transformer winding state through the control module to isolate the transformer from the power system, thereby ensuring safe and reliable operation of the power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of power transformer protection, and in particular relates to a transformer protection device and method. Background Art

[0002] Transformers are an important electrical equipment in the power system, which is responsible for the transformation of voltage and current in the transmission of AC power. With the development of the power industry, the transmission capacity is getting larger and larger, and the short-circuit current generated when the power system fails is also getting larger and larger. The external short-circuit current flowing through the transformer has an impact on the transformer winding, causing inter-turn short circuit and intermittent discharge faults between turns of the transformer winding. If the faulty transformer cannot be isolated from the power system in time, it will affect the stability and safety of the power system. In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system, it is necessary to configure corresponding protection to detect the fault in the initial stage of the transformer and make corresponding judgments and actions to isolate the faulty transformer.

[0003] Currently, there are two major types of transformer protection. One is electrical protection, such as differential protection, overcurrent protection, etc.; the other is non-electrical protection, such as gas protection, temperature protection, and pressure protection.

[0004] When the transformer adopts the above two types of protection, there are the following defects:

[0005] 1. Differential protection, overcurrent and other electrical protections have a relatively large action threshold current to ensure action selectivity and avoid faults outside the transformer protection zone. In the initial stage of a turn-to-turn short circuit in the transformer winding, the short-circuit current is relatively small, so it does not reach the action threshold of differential protection and overcurrent protection. When the turn-to-turn short circuit of the transformer winding develops into a serious turn-to-turn short circuit or a phase-to-phase short circuit, the short-circuit current can exceed the action threshold of differential protection and overcurrent protection, and the corresponding protection can act to isolate the faulty transformer. Therefore, the transformer's differential protection and overcurrent protection have a certain protection dead zone for transformer winding protection, and can only react when the fault is serious, causing great harm to the power system and the safe operation of the transformer.

[0006] 2. Transformer gas protection is divided into heavy gas protection and light gas protection. Heavy gas protection uses oil flow and air flow to impulsively push the baffle when a serious fault occurs inside the transformer. The oil flow and air flow generated in the initial stage of inter-turn short circuit of the winding are not enough to push the baffle, so there is a dead zone for heavy gas. Light gas collects the arc generated when the transformer fails and decomposes the transformer oil to produce gas, and the gas generated in the initial stage of inter-turn fault of the transformer is small, and it takes a long time to collect the gas. Therefore, the light gas action time limit becomes longer, causing the transformer to evolve from a minor fault to a serious fault, which causes great harm to the power system and the safe operation of the transformer.

[0007] 3. Transformer temperature rise and oil pressure transformer protection is a kind of protection formed when the transformer fails, arc burning and short-circuit current generate a lot of heat, causing the transformer oil temperature and oil pressure to rise. In the initial stage of the transformer turn-to-turn fault, the short-circuit current and arc are small, the transformer temperature and pressure change slowly, and the action time is long, causing the transformer to evolve from a minor fault to a serious fault, causing great harm to the power system and the safe operation of the transformer.

[0008] 4. The gas protection, temperature and pressure protection of the transformer can only reflect the fault in the oil tank, but cannot identify which phase winding and where the fault occurs, which has an adverse effect on the fault finding and maintenance of the transformer. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a transformer protection device and method, thereby solving the disadvantage that the short circuit between turns, between layers and between phases of the existing transformer winding cannot be detected in the initial stage.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transformer protection device, comprising:

[0011] A camera, at least one of which is an oil-proof camera and is used to monitor the outer surface of the coil winding in the transformer box;

[0012] A photosensitive array probe plate, wherein the transformer protection device uses at least one photosensitive array probe plate, and the photosensitive array probe plate is used to monitor the inner surface of the coil winding in the transformer box;

[0013] an image recognition processing module, which is electrically connected to the camera, and is used to process the image data taken by the camera; and

[0014] A control module is electrically connected to the photosensitive array probe board, the image and video processing module and the circuit breaker actuator for the transformer, and is used to process the data monitored by the photosensitive array probe board and the image and video processing module and to control the circuit breaker actuator for the transformer.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes an alarm module, which is electrically connected to the control module.

[0016] Furthermore, the camera is installed in the transformer box so that the camera can monitor the outer surface of the coil winding of the transformer.

[0017] Furthermore, the photosensitive array probe card is installed in a gap space formed by the iron core and the coil winding of the transformer, and the photosensitive array of the photosensitive array probe card faces the coil winding.

[0018] Furthermore, the bottom of the photosensitive array probe card is arranged between the long strip gap between the iron core of the transformer and the coil winding.

[0019] Furthermore, the photosensitive array probe card comprises:

[0020] Probe card;

[0021] A circuit board, which is arranged above the probe board;

[0022] A photosensitive module, wherein a plurality of the photosensitive modules are combined in an array to form a photosensitive array, and the photosensitive array is arranged on top of the circuit board;

[0023] A signal processing module, which is disposed on the top of the circuit board, the signal processing module is electrically connected to all the photosensitive modules, and is used for processing and signal transmission of the light-sensitive states detected by the photosensitive modules; and

[0024] The central processing module is arranged on the top of the circuit board. The central processing module is electrically connected to the signal processing module and the control module respectively, and is used for processing the data transmitted by the signal processing module and transmitting the signal.

[0025] A transformer protection method, the transformer protection method using the transformer protection device, comprises the following steps:

[0026] The outer surface of the coil winding in the transformer box is monitored by a camera;

[0027] The image recognition processing module processes the image data monitored by the camera to obtain the outer surface state result of the winding;

[0028] The inner surface of the coil winding in the transformer box is monitored by a photosensitive array probe board;

[0029] The photosensitive array probe board collects the electrical signals of each photosensitive module and processes them through the signal processing module of the photosensitive array probe board to obtain the inner surface state result of the winding;

[0030] The control module determines whether the winding is faulty according to the outer surface state result and the inner surface state result of the winding, and if a fault occurs, an alarm signal and a circuit breaker execution signal are issued, otherwise no processing is required;

[0031] S6. The alarm module sounds an alarm according to the alarm signal, and the circuit breaker actuator for the transformer controls the transformer to stop working according to the circuit breaker execution signal.

[0032] Furthermore, the image recognition processing module processes the outer surface state result of the winding, including the following steps: determining whether there are light spot pixels in all the received image data; if there are light spot pixels, the inner surface of the winding is faulty, and transmitting the light spot pixels, the number of light spot pixels, and the position of the light spot pixels to the control module; if there are no light spot pixels, sending a signal indicating that the outer surface state of the winding is fault-free.

[0033] Furthermore, the signal processing module processes to obtain the result of the inner surface state of the winding, including the following steps: determining whether the photosensitive module senses arc light; if arc light is sensed, then using the intensity and number of adjacent photosensitive modules that detect the arc light and the corresponding arc light as sensing signals, and then transmitting the sensing signal to the control module; if no arc light is sensed, sending a fault-free signal for the inner surface state of the winding.

[0034] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The transformer protection device and method provided by the present invention include: a camera, a photosensitive array probe board, an image recognition processing module and a control module. The camera is an oil-proof camera, and the camera is used to monitor the outer surface of the coil winding in the transformer box; the photosensitive array probe board is used to monitor the inner surface of the coil winding in the transformer box; the image recognition processing module is electrically connected to the camera, and the image recognition processing module is used to process the pictures taken by the camera; the control module is electrically connected to the photosensitive array probe board and the image video processing module respectively, and is used to process the data monitored by the photosensitive array probe board and the image video processing module, monitor the winding of the transformer through the camera and the photosensitive array probe board, and monitor the winding state of the transformer by setting the image processing module and the control module, and send an alarm signal and an action signal to the transformer winding state through the control module to isolate the transformer from the power system, thereby solving the problem that the short circuit between turns, between layers and between phases of the existing transformer winding cannot be detected in the initial stage, thereby ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one embodiment of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a transformer protection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the optimal structure of the photosensitive array probe card provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a photosensitive array probe card provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a transformer protection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a transformer protection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Among them: 1. Probe board; 2. Multi-layer circuit board; 3. Signal processing module; 4. Central processing module; 5. Photosensitive module; 6. RS485 bus interface; 7. Camera; 8. Photosensitive array probe board; 9. Image recognition processing module; 10. Control module; 11. Transformer box; 12. Iron core; 13. Coil winding; 14. Radiator; 15. Alarm module; 16. Circuit breaker actuator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 The circuit structure diagram of the transformer protection device provided by the present invention is shown. The transformer protection device comprises: a camera 7, a photosensitive array probe board 8, an image recognition processing module 9 and a control module 10.

[0045] At least one camera 7 is used, and the camera 7 is an oil-proof camera 7, and the camera 7 is used to monitor the outer surface of the coil winding 13 in the transformer box 11;

[0046] At least one photosensitive array probe board 8 is used, and the photosensitive array probe board 8 is used to monitor the inner surface of the coil winding 13 in the transformer box 11;

[0047] The image recognition processing module 9 is connected to the camera 7, and is used to process the image data taken by the camera 7 (for example, whether an arc is detected, the light intensity of the arc, the size of the spot area, the coordinates of the spot position, etc., which can be set as needed);

[0048] The control module 10 is respectively connected to the photosensitive array probe board 8 and the image and video processing module. The control module 10 is used to process the data monitored by the photosensitive array probe board 8 and the image and video processing module.

[0049] In addition, the control module 10 is also connected to a circuit breaker actuator 16 , and the circuit breaker actuator 16 is controlled by the control module 10 .

[0050] In one embodiment, the oil-proof camera 7 adopts the model of Hikvision industrial camera 7MV-CE200-11UM, the image recognition processing module 9 adopts the model of Intel micro host NUC10i7FNH, and the control module 10 adopts the model of Siemens S7-200SMART series 6ES72881SR200AA0.

[0051] In one embodiment, the transformer protection device further comprises an alarm module 15, which is connected to the control module 10 and is used to give an alarm according to a signal sent by the control module 10. The alarm module 15 adopts an industrial sound and light alarm QTXF-01KT.

[0052] The number of cameras 7 and photosensitive array probe plates 8 is determined by the actual internal structure of the transformer box 11 , and the installation principle is to monitor the outer and inner surfaces of the coil winding 13 as comprehensively and at as many angles as possible.

[0053] Preferably, the camera 7 is installed in the transformer box 11 so that the camera 7 can monitor the outer surface of the transformer coil winding 13. For example, the camera 7 is installed at the top of the transformer box 11, the bottom of the transformer box 11, the top and bottom of the transformer box 11, or inside the transformer box 11 around the winding.

[0054] Preferably, the photosensitive array probe card 8 is installed in a gap space formed by the iron core 12 of the transformer and the coil winding 13 , and the photosensitive array of the photosensitive array probe card 8 faces the coil winding 13 .

[0055] Figure 2 The optimal structural schematic diagram of the photosensitive array probe card 8 is shown. The photosensitive array probe card 8 includes: a probe card 1, a circuit board, a signal processing module 3, a central processing module 4 and a photosensitive module 5.

[0056] The probe plate 1 is made of a high-strength steel plate. The probe plate 1 serves as a substrate, and the substrate is used to support and fix the circuit board.

[0057] The circuit board is arranged above the probe board 1, and the circuit board is used to provide an installation position for the photosensitive module 5, the signal processing module 3, the central processing module 4 and the corresponding electrical connections; specifically, Figure 1In the embodiment, the circuit board adopts a multi-layer circuit board 2, and the multi-layer circuit board 2 is arranged on the probe card 1 substrate. The bottom layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2 has no circuits and the bottom layer is completely insulated. The bottom layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2 is connected to the probe card 1 substrate by screws or glue; the multi-layer circuit board 2 is used to provide electrical connection for installing the signal processing module 3, the photosensitive module 5 and the control system.

[0058] A plurality of photosensitive modules 5 are arranged on the top layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2, and all the photosensitive modules 5 are electrically connected to the signal processing module 3 through the multi-layer circuit board 2. The photosensitive modules 5 are photoresistors or photosensitive sensors.

[0059] The signal processing module 3 is arranged on the top layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2, and the signal processing module 3 is electrically connected to the photosensitive module 5 and the central processing module 4 of the multi-layer circuit board 2 respectively. The signal processing module 3 is used to process the photosensitivity state detected by the photosensitive device and communicate with the central processing module 4 through the CAN bus.

[0060] The central processing module 4 is arranged on the top layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2, and the central processing module 4 is connected to the signal processing module 3 via a CAN bus, and the central processing module 4 is connected to the control system via an RS485 bus;

[0061] In one embodiment, the probe card 1 is a flat rectangular parallelepiped structure; the probe card 1 is the same size as the multilayer circuit board 2. The length of the probe card 1 is set according to the height of the transformer core 12, for example: the length of the probe card 1 is the same as the height of the transformer core 12, and the length of the probe card 1 is 2 / 3 of the height of the transformer core 12.

[0062] The photosensitive modules 5 are arranged in an array on the multilayer circuit board 2. The array includes: a single array, a double array, a triple array or a quad array.

[0063] When multiple signal processing modules 3 are used, the multiple signal processing modules 3 are arranged in the middle of the photosensitive module 5 to form a row.

[0064] Figure 2An optimal embodiment of a photosensitive array probe board 8 is shown, wherein the probe board 1 is a flat rectangular structure, and the probe board 1 and the multi-layer circuit board 2 are of the same size, so that the entire photosensitive array probe board 8 is strip-shaped, and the flat rectangular structure makes the overall structure of the entire photosensitive probe board 1 small and convenient to install; the bottom layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2 is fixed on the top of the probe board 1 substrate by screws or glue, the signal processing module 3 is fixed on the top layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2, the central processing module 4 is fixed on the top layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2, and the photosensitive module 5 forms a photosensitive matrix in the form of an array and is fixed on the top layer of the multi-layer circuit board 2. For the sake of aesthetics and convenient installation, the signal processing module 3 is installed in the gap of the photosensitive matrix. If multiple signal processing modules 3 are used, the multiple signal processing modules 3 form a row and are arranged in the gap of the photosensitive matrix. The number of signal processing modules 3 is determined according to the number of photosensitive modules 5.

[0065] Figure 3 The circuit diagram of the photosensitive array probe board 8 is shown as an optimal embodiment. The photosensitive module 5 adopts a photoresistor, and each photoresistor is connected in series with a standard resistor for voltage division. Specifically, one end of the photoresistor is grounded, and the other end of the photoresistor is connected to one end of the standard resistor. The other end of the standard resistor is connected to the power supply, and the other end of the photoresistor is connected to the A / D interface of the single-chip microcomputer adopted by the signal processing module 3. The communication between the signal processing module 3 and the central processing module 4 adopts the CAN bus communication mode, that is, the single-chip microcomputer adopted by the signal processing module 3 is STM32F042F6P6, and the STM32F042F6P6 adopts the TSSOP20 packaging form, which occupies a volume Small, easy to install on the top layer of the long strip of small area multilayer circuit board 2; STM32F042F6P6 has 9 12-bit ADC channels, which can connect 9 photosensitive modules 5. Therefore, every 9 photosensitive modules 5 are connected to 1 signal processing module 3, and multiple signal processing modules 3 are connected to a central processing module 4 to realize the electrical connection of the entire photosensitive array probe board 8; STM32F042F6P6 has a CAN bus interface, and CAN bus communication is carried out with the central processing module 4 through STM32F042F6P6. There is no limit to the communication units that can be connected to the CAN bus communication, and the quantity requirements are fully met when the communication rate of this system is low. The central processing module 4 adopts a high-performance single-chip microcomputer STM32F103RBT6. The central processing module 4 is connected to each signal processing module 3 through the CAN bus communication mode, obtains the photosensitivity status of all photosensitive modules 5, identifies the working status of the transformer, and communicates with the control system, background, etc. through the RS485 bus, wherein the RS485 bus interface 6 is set at one end of the top of the probe board 1.

[0066] When the photosensitive array probe board 8 is used, the photosensitive array probe board 8 is installed in the long strip gap between the iron core 12 and the coil winding 13 of the transformer. The photosensitive module 5 of the photosensitive array probe board 8 monitors the inner surface of the transformer coil winding 13. The working principle of the photosensitive array probe board 8 is: the photoresistor and the standard resistor are connected in series to divide the voltage to obtain the sampling voltage, and the sampling voltage is sent to the signal processing module 3 for A / D conversion. The signal processing module 3 monitors the photosensitivity state of each photoresistor in real time and transmits it to the central processing module 4. The central processing module 4 performs subsequent processing according to the photosensitivity state of the photoresistor. For example, according to the photosensitivity state of a single photosensitive device and the photosensitivity state of nearby adjacent photosensitive devices, it is judged and analyzed whether the transformer coil winding 13 has a short circuit fault, and the location of the short circuit fault in the transformer coil winding 13 and whether it is a turn-to-turn short circuit, a layer-to-layer short circuit, or a phase-to-phase short circuit, etc. are obtained according to the number of the photosensitive device. Finally, the single chip transmits the recognition result to the control system, which is uniformly controlled by the control system. In this way, the transformer fault can be discovered at the early stage of failure, and an alarm signal and an action signal can be sent to isolate the transformer from the power system, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power system.

[0067] The working principle of the transformer protection device of the present invention is described in detail so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention:

[0068] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the transformer protection device is shown. A heat sink 14 is provided on the periphery of the transformer box 11. The cameras 7 are installed around the top of the transformer box 11. There are 12 cameras 7 installed to monitor the outer surface of the coil winding 13 from multiple angles and in all directions. The photosensitive array probe board 8 is installed on the six cylinders of the regular hexagonal columnar core 12, and a photosensitive array probe board 8 is installed on each cylinder. The image recognition processing module 9 and the control module 10 are installed in the external electrical box of the transformer housing.

[0069] A transformer protection method is applied to the above transformer protection device, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1. Monitor the outer surface of the coil winding 13 in the transformer box 11 through the camera 7.

[0071] S2, the image recognition processing module 9 processes the image data monitored by the camera 7 to obtain the outer surface state result of the winding;

[0072] Among them, the processing of the image recognition processing module 9 to obtain the outer surface state result of the winding includes: judging whether there are light spot pixels in all the received image data, if there are light spot pixels, the inner surface of the winding is faulty, and the light spot pixels, the number of light spot pixels and the position of the light spot pixels are transmitted to the control module 10; if there are no light spot pixels, a signal indicating that there is no fault in the inner surface state of the winding is sent.

[0073] S3 . The inner surface of the coil winding 13 in the transformer box 11 is monitored by the photosensitive array probe board 8 .

[0074] S4, the photosensitive array probe board 8 collects the electrical signals of each photosensitive module 5, and processes them through the signal processing module 3 of the photosensitive array probe board 8 to obtain the inner surface state result of the winding;

[0075] Among them, the signal processing module 3 processes and obtains the inner surface state result of the winding, including: judging whether the photosensitive module 5 senses arc light, if arc light is sensed, then the intensity and number of adjacent photosensitive modules 5 that detect the arc light and the corresponding arc light are used as sensing signals, and the sensing signal is then transmitted to the control module 10; if no arc light is sensed, a fault-free signal of the outer surface state of the winding is sent.

[0076] S5. The control module 10 determines whether the winding is faulty according to the outer surface state result and the inner surface state result of the winding. If a fault occurs, an alarm signal and a circuit breaker execution signal are issued. Otherwise, no processing is required.

[0077] S6. The alarm module 15 gives an alarm according to the alarm signal, and the circuit breaker actuator 16 for the transformer controls the transformer to stop working according to the circuit breaker execution signal, thereby stopping the transformer from working in the early stage of a transformer failure, preventing the transformer from being more seriously damaged, and reducing economic losses and safety accidents.

[0078] What is disclosed above is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or modifications within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer protection device, characterized in that: include: A camera, at least one of which is an oil-proof camera and is used to monitor the outer surface of the coil winding in the transformer box; A photosensitive array probe plate, wherein the transformer protection device uses at least one photosensitive array probe plate, and the photosensitive array probe plate is used to monitor the inner surface of the coil winding in the transformer box; An image recognition processing module, which is electrically connected to the camera, and is used to process the image data taken by the camera; as well as A control module, which is electrically connected to the photosensitive array probe board, the image and video processing module, and the circuit breaker actuator for the transformer, and is used to process the data monitored by the photosensitive array probe board and the image and video processing module and to control the circuit breaker actuator for the transformer; The photosensitive array probe card is installed in the gap space formed by the iron core and the coil winding of the transformer, and the photosensitive array of the photosensitive array probe card faces the coil winding; The bottom of the photosensitive array probe card is arranged between the iron core of the transformer and the long strip gap between the coil windings; The photosensitive array probe card comprises: Probe card; A circuit board, which is arranged above the probe board; A photosensitive module, wherein a plurality of the photosensitive modules are combined in an array to form a photosensitive array, and the photosensitive array is arranged on top of the circuit board; A signal processing module, which is disposed on the top of the circuit board, the signal processing module is electrically connected to all the photosensitive modules, and is used for processing and signal transmission of the light-sensitive states detected by the photosensitive modules; and A central processing module, which is arranged on the top of the circuit board, and is electrically connected to the signal processing module and the control module, respectively, and is used for processing the data transmitted by the signal processing module and transmitting the signal; The photosensitive module of the photosensitive array probe board monitors the inner surface of the transformer coil winding, and sends the obtained sampling voltage to the signal processing module for A / D conversion. The signal processing module monitors the photosensitivity state of each photoresistor in real time and transmits it to the central processing module; the central processing module processes according to the photosensitivity state of the photoresistor, and judges and analyzes whether a short circuit fault occurs in the transformer coil winding based on the photosensitivity state of a single photosensitive device and the photosensitivity state of nearby adjacent photosensitive devices, and derives the location of the short circuit fault in the transformer coil winding and whether it is a turn-to-turn short circuit, a layer-to-layer short circuit, or a phase-to-phase short circuit based on the number of the photosensitive device.

2. The transformer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an alarm module, which is electrically connected to the control module.

3. The transformer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camera is installed in the transformer box so that the camera can monitor the outer surface of the coil winding of the transformer.

4. A transformer protection method, the transformer protection method using the transformer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The outer surface of the coil winding in the transformer box is monitored by a camera; The image recognition processing module processes the image data monitored by the camera to obtain the outer surface state result of the winding; The inner surface of the coil winding in the transformer box is monitored by a photosensitive array probe board; The photosensitive array probe card collects the electrical signals of each photosensitive module and processes them through the signal processing module of the photosensitive array probe card to obtain the inner surface state result of the winding, which specifically includes: The photosensitive module of the photosensitive array probe board monitors the inner surface of the transformer coil winding, and sends the obtained sampled voltage to the signal processing module for A / D conversion. The signal processing module monitors the photosensitivity state of each photoresistor in real time and transmits it to the central processing module; the central processing module processes according to the photosensitivity state of the photoresistor, and judges and analyzes whether a short circuit fault occurs in the transformer coil winding according to the photosensitivity state of a single photosensitive device and the photosensitivity state of nearby adjacent photosensitive devices, and obtains the location of the short circuit fault in the transformer coil winding and whether it is a turn-to-turn short circuit, a layer-to-layer short circuit, or a phase-to-phase short circuit according to the number of the photosensitive device; The control module determines whether the winding is faulty according to the outer surface state result and the inner surface state result of the winding, and if a fault occurs, an alarm signal and a circuit breaker execution signal are issued, otherwise no processing is required; The alarm module gives an alarm according to the alarm signal, and the circuit breaker actuator for the transformer controls the transformer to stop working according to the circuit breaker execution signal.

5. The transformer protection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The image recognition processing module processes and obtains the outer surface state result of the winding, including the following steps: determining whether there are light spot pixels in all the received image data; if there are light spot pixels, the inner surface of the winding is faulty, and the light spot pixels, the number of light spot pixels and the position of the light spot pixels are transmitted to the control module; if there are no light spot pixels, a signal indicating that there is no fault in the outer surface state of the winding is sent.

6. The transformer protection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The signal processing module processes and obtains the result of the inner surface state of the winding, including the following steps: determining whether the photosensitive module senses arc light; if arc light is sensed, the intensity and number of adjacent photosensitive modules that detect the arc light and the corresponding arc light are used as sensing signals, and the sensing signals are then transmitted to the control module; if no arc light is sensed, a fault-free signal of the inner surface state of the winding is sent.

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