Quantum rods, light-emitting elements including the same, optical components, and optical devices

Abstract

Disclosed is a quantum rod, a light-emitting element including the same, an optical member, and an optical device, in which the quantum rod includes a nanoparticle, and one or more liquid crystal ligands bound to a surface of the nanoparticle and represented by a predetermined chemical formula.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] A quantum rod, a light emitting element including the same, an optical member, and a device. BACKGROUND

[0002] A quantum dot, which is a nanocrystal of a semiconductor material, is a material exhibiting a quantum confinement effect. If the quantum dot receives light from an excitation source to reach an energy excited state, it emits light according to an energy corresponding to its own band gap. At this time, even the same material exhibits a characteristic in which a wavelength becomes different according to a particle size, and thus a size of the quantum dot can be adjusted to obtain light in a desired wavelength region, and since excellent color purity, high light emission efficiency, and the like can be exhibited, it can be applied to various elements.

[0003] Also, the quantum dot can be used as a material performing various optical functions (for example, a light conversion function) in an optical member. The quantum dot, which is a semiconductor nanocrystal of a nanometer size, can have a different band gap by controlling a size and a composition of the nanocrystal, and can emit light of various emission wavelengths according to this.

[0004] An optical member including such a quantum dot can have a thin film form (for example, a thin film form patterned according to a sub-pixel). Such an optical member can also be used as a color conversion member of a device including various light sources.

[0005] However, the quantum dot (nanoparticle) is mainly in a dot form, and in order to improve an out-coupling phenomenon to improve element efficiency, a nanocrystal in a rod form or a plate form (for example, a quantum rod) needs to be developed and aligned.

[0006] In order to uniformly align the quantum rod, a method of applying a magnetic field (Method A), a method of manufacturing a micro groove in a substrate (Method B), or a method of using self-assembly (Method C), or the like is used, but Method A has a problem in that an electrode needs to be additionally inserted for in-plane orientation, and a very large magnetic field is required, Method B has a problem in that orientation alignment is not sufficiently high, and a substrate is physically damaged to degrade element characteristics, and Method C has a problem in that alignment time is excessively long, and it is difficult to be applied to a practical element substrate in a large area. SUMMARY

[0007] Provided is an element and a device in which stability is improved by aligning quantum rods in a planar in-plane orientation at a high degree of orientation by introducing liquid crystal ligands into the quantum rods when the quantum rods are applied to a light-emitting element.

[0008] According to one aspect, there is provided a quantum rod including: a nanoparticle; and one or more liquid crystal ligands bound to a surface of the nanoparticle and represented by Chemical Formula 1 below,

[0009] <Chemical Formula 1>

[0010] R1-(L1) b1 -(A1) a1 -(L2) b2 -(A2) a2 -(L3) b3 -T1

[0011] In Chemical Formula 1,

[0012] A1 and A2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0013] a1 and a2 are each independently selected from an integer of 1 to 6,

[0014] L1 to L3 are each independently selected from *-O-*, *-S-*, *-C(=O)-*, *-C(=O)O-*, *-OC(=O)-*, *-O-C(=O)-O-*, *-OCH2-*, *-SCH2-*, *-CH2S-*, *-CF2O-*, *-OCF2-*, *-CF2S-*, *-SCF2-*, *-(CH2) n1 -*, *-CF2CH2-*, *-CH2CF2-*, *-(CF2) n1 -*, *-CH=CH-*, *-CF=CF-*, *-C≡C-*, *-CH=CH-C(=O)O-*, *-OC(=O)-CH=CH-*, *-C(Q1)(Q2)-*, *-CH(-(S p ) c1 -P3)-*, *-CH2CH(-(S p ) c1 -P3)-*, *-(CH(-(S p ) c1 -P3)CH(-(S p ) c2*-O-(CH2)-O(C=O)-(CH2) n2 *-S(=O)(Q1)-*, *-S(=O)2-*, *-P(=O)(Q1)-*, *-P(=O)2-*, *-P(=S)(Q1)-* and *-P(=S)2-*, wherein

[0015] b1 to b3 are independently from each other selected from an integer from 0 to 6,

[0016] n1 is selected from an integer from 1 to 4 and n2 is selected from an integer from 0 to 2,

[0017] S p is a spacer group or a single bond,

[0018] c1 and c2 are independently from each other selected from an integer from 1 to 4,

[0019] R1 is selected from the group consisting of *-(O-Si(R a )(R b )) d1 -O-Si(R c )(R d )(R e ), *-P(=O)(OR a )2, *-O(R a ), *-C(=O)(OR a ), *-S(R a ) and *-N(R a )(R b ),

[0020] R a to R e are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy,

[0021] d1 is an integer selected from 0 to 6,

[0022] T1 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 In the alkoxy group,

[0023] The replaced C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkyne group and substituted C1-C 60 One or more of the substituents in the alkoxy group are selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic groups, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(Q) 11 )2、-Si(Q 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 (Q) 12 )middle,

[0024] The Q1 to Q2 and Q 11 To Q 13 Each group is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, biphenyl, and terphenyl,

[0025] * and * are bonding sites to adjacent atoms.

[0026] According to another aspect, there is provided a light-emitting element including:

[0027] a first electrode;

[0028] a second electrode facing the first electrode;

[0029] a light-emitting layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,

[0030] wherein the light-emitting layer includes the quantum rod.

[0031] According to still another aspect, there is provided an optical member including the quantum rod.

[0032] According to still another aspect, there is provided an optical device including the quantum rod.

[0033] The quantum rod, by binding a liquid crystalline ligand to the surface of a nanoparticle, uniformly aligns the in-plane quantum rod, thereby improving the out-coupling efficiency by more than about two times, and improving the element stability to exhibit high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a model diagram schematically showing the structure of a quantum rod according to an implementation example.

[0035] Figure 2 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a light-emitting element according to an implementation example.

[0036] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing, in a model manner, a light-emitting layer including quantum rods aligned in an array by a liquid crystalline ligand in a light-emitting element according to an implementation example.

[0037] Figure 4 is a graph for showing the hole injection characteristics of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0038] Figure 5 is a graph for showing the electron injection characteristics of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0039]

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

[0040] 1: quantum rod 2: substrate

[0041] 10: nanoparticle 20: ligand

[0042] 100: light emitting element 110: first electrode

[0043] 190: second electrode 130: hole transport region

[0044] 150: light emitting layer 170: electron transport region DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present application can be modified in various ways, and can have various embodiments, but specific embodiments will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings and explained in detail in the specific description. The effects and features of the present application and methods of achieving them will become apparent by referring to the embodiments explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but can be implemented in various forms. Figure 1

[0046] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in explaining with reference to the drawings, the same or corresponding constituent elements will be given the same reference numerals and repeated explanation thereof will be omitted.

[0047] In the following embodiments, the terms first, second, and the like are used for the purpose of distinguishing one constituent element from other constituent elements, and are not used for the purpose of limitation.

[0048] In the following embodiments, the singular expression includes the plural expression unless it is explicitly indicated otherwise in the context.

[0049] In the following embodiments, the terms including or having indicate the presence of the features or constituent elements described in the specification, and do not exclude the possibility of addition of one or more other features or constituent elements in advance.

[0050] In the following embodiments, when referring to various constituent elements such as layers, films, regions, plates, and the like being located "on" another constituent element, not only the case where it is "immediately above" the other constituent element, but also the case where other constituent elements are interposed therebetween is included. Also, the size of the constituent elements in the drawings can be exaggerated or reduced for the convenience of explanation. For example, the size and thickness of each constituent element shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown for the convenience of explanation, and thus the present application is not necessarily limited to the illustrated content.

[0051] [Quantum rod]

[0052] Figure 1 ​is a model diagram schematically showing a structure of a quantum rod according to an implementation example of the present application.

[0053] Referring to Figure 1 , the quantum rod 1 includes: a nanoparticle 10; and one or more liquid-crystalline ligands 20 bound to a surface of the nanoparticle 10, and represented by the following Chemical Formula 1,

[0054] <Chemical Formula 1>

[0055] R1-(L1) b1 -(A1) a1 -(L2) b2 -(A2) a2 -(L3) b3 -T1

[0056] In the Chemical Formula 1,

[0057] A1and A2are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0058] For example, the A1and A2are each independently selected from a phenyl group, a pentacene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptacene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a spiro-benzofluorene-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a pyrene group, a tetracene group, a chrysene group, a perylene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a silole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzimidazole group, an imidazopyridine group, and an imidazopyrimidine group;

[0059] selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a cyclopenta-2,4- dienyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulene group, a heptacene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a pyrene group, alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, benzoyl, leucophenyl, pyrroleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(Q 11 )2、-Si(Q 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 (Q) 12 At least one substituted phenyl group, pentanene group, indene group, naphthyl group, chamomile ring group, heptane group, indole group, acenaphthene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, spiro-benzo[a]fluorene-fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenatene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, pyrene group, The following groups are included: tetraphenyl group, styrene group, perylene group, pyrrole group, thiophene group, furan group, thiophene group, imidazole group, pyrazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, pyridine group, pyrazine group, pyrimidine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, benzofuran group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuran group, dibenzothiophene group, carbazole group, benzothiophene group, dibenzothiophene group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzimidazole group, imidazopyridine group, and imidazopyrimidine group.

[0060] Q 11 To Q 13 They can be independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Among alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, and pyridyl.

[0061] In the chemical formula 1, a1 and a2 are independently selected from integers from 1 to 6.

[0062] a1 and a2 are the quantities of A1 and A2, respectively. When a1 is 2 or more, two or more A1s can be the same or different. When a2 is 2 or more, two or more A2s can be the same or different.

[0063] For example, the *-(A1) a1 -*' and *-(A2) a2*and *'are binding sites to adjacent atoms.

[0064]

[0065] In the chemical formulae A-1 to A-21,

[0066] *and *'are binding sites to adjacent atoms.

[0067] In the chemical formula 1, L1to L3are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-C(=O)O-*, *-OC(=O)-', *-O-C(=O)-O-*, *-OCH2-*, *-SCH2-*, *-CH2S-*, *-CF2O-*, *-OCF2-*, *-CF2S-*, *-SCF2-*, *-(CH2) n1 -CH2)-*, *-CF2CH2-*, *-CH2CF2-*, *-(CF2) n1 -CH2)-*, *-CH=CH-*, *-CF=CF-*, *-C≡C-*, *-CH=CH-C(=O)O-*, *-OC(=O)-CH=CH-*, *-C(Q1)(Q2)-', *-CH(-(S p ) c1 -P3)-', *-CH2CH(-(S p ) c1 -P3)-', *-(CH(-(S p ) c1 -P3)CH(-(S p ) c2 -P3)-', *-O-(CH2)-O(C=O)-(CH2) n2 -CH2)-*, *-S(=O)(Q1)-', *-S(=O)2-*, *-P(=O)(Q1)-', *-P(=O)2-*, *-P(=S)(Q1)-', and *-P(=S)2-',

[0068] b1to b3are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of an integer from 0 to 6,

[0069] n1is selected from the group consisting of an integer from 1 to 4, and n2is selected from the group consisting of an integer from 0 to 2.

[0070] b1 to b3 are the number of L1 to L3, respectively, in the case where b1 is 2 or more, two or more L1 can be the same or different, in the case where b2 is 2 or more, two or more L2 can be the same or different, in the case where b3 is 2 or more, two or more L3 can be the same or different, in the case where b1 is 0, -(L1) b1 - is a single bond, in the case where b2 is 0, -(L2) b2 - is a single bond, in the case where b3 is 0, -(L3) b3 - is a single bond.

[0071] In the Chemical Formula 1, S p is a spacer group or a single bond.

[0072] wherein the spacer group can connect A1 as a core group and R1 as an anchoring group or connect A2 as a core group and T1 as a terminal group.

[0073] For example, the spacer group can be selected from the group consisting of *-N(Q1)-*', *-O-*', *-S-*', *-Si(Q1)(Q2)-*', divalent C1-C 20 alkyl group and divalent C1-C 20 alkoxy group; and divalent C1-C 10 alkyl group, C1-C 10 alkoxy group, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN and -SCN, 20 alkyl group and divalent C1-C 20 alkoxy group,

[0074] Q1 to Q2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C 20 alkyl group, C1-C 20 alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group and pyridyl group,

[0075] * and *' are bonding sites to adjacent atoms.

[0076] In the Chemical Formula 1, c1 and c2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of an integer of 1 to 4.

[0077] c1 and c2 are each the number of S p , in the case where c1 or c2 is 2 or more, two or more S p may be the same as or different from each other.

[0078] For example, the *-(L1)b1 -(L2) b2 -(L3) b3 -(L1) can be independently selected from the group consisting of the chemical formulae L-1 to L-64:

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] In the chemical formulae L-1 to L-64,

[0082] *and *are bonding sites to adjacent atoms.

[0083] In the chemical formula 1, R1is an anchoring group.

[0084] wherein the anchoring group is a binding group of the liquid crystalline ligand 20 to the nanoparticle 10 when the liquid crystalline ligand 20 is coordinated to the nanoparticle 10.

[0085] In the chemical formula 1, R1is selected from the group consisting of a (R b ) d1 (R c )(R d )(R e ), *-P(=O)(OR a )2, *-O(R a ), *-C(=O)(OR a ), *-S(R a ), and *-N(R a )(R b ),

[0086] R a to R e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy,

[0087] d1is an integer selected from the group consisting of 0 to 6.

[0088] For example, the R1may be *-S(R a ),

[0089] The R a may be selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkynyl, and C1-C 20 alkoxy; and

[0090] may be selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkynyl, and C1-C 20 alkoxy; and 20 alkyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkynyl, and C1-C 20 alkoxy; and

[0091] *may be a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

[0092] For example, the R1may be an alkylsiloxane group, an alkylphosphonic acid group, a catechol group, a carboxylic acid group, a thiol group, or an amine group.

[0093] In the Chemical Formula 1, T1is selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group.

[0094] In the Chemical Formula 1, T1is a photoreactive group. The photoreactive group refers to a photoreactive group that undergoes a polymerization reaction upon irradiation of light. The photoreactive group can change the alignment arrangement by polarized light.

[0095] the substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted C2-C 60alkynyl and substituted C1-C 60 one or more of the substituents of the alkoxy group is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 aralkyl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(Q 11 )2, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), and -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) groups,

[0096] said Q1to Q2and Q 11 to Q 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, biphenyl, and terphenyl,

[0097] * and * are bonding sites to adjacent atoms.

[0098] For example, the liquid crystalline ligand 20 can be one or more selected from the following ligand 1 to ligand 4:

[0099]

[0100] As described above, the quantum rod 1 includes the nanoparticle 10 and the liquid crystalline ligand 20 bonded to the surface of the nanoparticle 10.

[0101] The liquid crystalline ligand 20 can adjust the alignment arrangement by including a photo-reactive group capable of changing the alignment arrangement by polarized light.

[0102] Further, in the liquid crystalline ligand 20, the connection between Al and A2 as the core group and the connection between the core group and the anchoring group (R1) can be achieved by a linker group (L1, L2, L3), which can have a conjugated structure.

[0103] Further, the quantum rod 1 has a core group (Al and A2) for a liquid crystalline structure in the liquid crystalline ligand 20, so that the quantum rod can be aligned in a direction compared to the case where the core group (Al and A2) is not present.

[0104] Further, the quantum rod 1 has a liquid crystalline compound directly bonded to the nanoparticle in the form of a ligand, so that the alignment of the quantum rod 1 in a lateral direction can be made easier by the ligand compared to the case where the liquid crystalline compound is simply mixed with the nanoparticle. That is, the liquid crystalline ligand 20 is directly attached to the nanoparticle 10, so that the orientation can be made more excellent.

[0105] Further, as described below, the present application forms an alignment by including the quantum rod 1 in a light-emitting layer, so that the efficiency of a light-emitting element can be improved.

[0106] The nanoparticle 10, which is a spherical semiconductor nano-material having a size of several nm to several hundred nm, can include a core composed of a material having a small band gap and a shell disposed to surround the core.

[0107] In an embodiment, the nanoparticle 10 can have a core-shell structure including a core including a first semiconductor crystal and a shell including a second semiconductor crystal, or the nanoparticle 10 can be a perovskite compound.

[0108] For example, the first semiconductor and the second semiconductor can independently of each other include a 12-16 group compound, a 13-15 group compound, a 14-16 group compound, a 14 group compound, an 11-13-16 group compound, an 11-12-13-16 group compound, or any combination thereof.

[0109] For example, the first semiconductor and the second semiconductor can independently of each other include: CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgS, MgSe, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnS, MgZnSe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe;

[0110] GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, InZnP;

[0111] SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe;

[0112] Si, Ge, SiC, SiGe;

[0113] AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2; or any combination thereof.

[0114] For example, the first semiconductor can include GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or any combination thereof, the second semiconductor can include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgS, MgSe, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnS, MgZnSe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe, or any combination thereof.

[0115] Further, the perovskite compound is a substance having a three-dimensional crystal structure related to the crystal structure of CaTiO3.

[0116] For example, the perovskite compound can be represented by the following Chemical Formula 4:

[0117] <Chemical Formula 4>

[0118] [A][B m ][X]3

[0119] In the Chemical Formula 4,

[0120] A is at least one monovalent organic-cation, monovalent inorganic-cation, or any combination thereof,

[0121] B is at least one divalent inorganic-cation,

[0122] m is a real number satisfying 0 < m ≤ 1,

[0123] X is at least one monovalent anion.

[0124] The average diameter (D50) of the nanoparticles 10 is 5 nm to 100 nm, and the aspect ratio can be from 1.1:1 to 20:1.

[0125] The nanoparticles 10 can be one-dimensional particles having a length or two-dimensional particles having a plate morphology.

[0126] The average diameter (D50) of the quantum rods 1 can be 5 nm to 1000 nm, for example, 50 nm to 1000 nm or 100 nm to 500 nm, and as another example, it can be 100 nm to 200 nm. When the average particle size of the quantum rods 1 satisfies the above range, the quantum rods 1 can have excellent dispersibility while including a relatively large amount of nanoparticles 10.

[0127] For example, the aspect ratio of the quantum rods 1 can be from 1.1:1 to 20:1.

[0128] The quantum rods 1 can be one-dimensional particles having a length or two-dimensional particles in the form of a plate.

[0129] [Light emitting element]

[0130] <000085​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The first electrode 110 can be formed, for example, by providing a first electrode material on the upper portion of the substrate using a deposition method or a sputtering method, or the like. In the case where the first electrode 110 is an anode, in order to facilitate the injection of holes, the first electrode material can be selected from among materials having a high work function.

[0137] In Figure 2 A substrate can be additionally disposed on the lower portion of the first electrode 110 or the upper portion of the second electrode 190. A glass substrate or a plastic substrate having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, handleability, and water resistance can be used as the substrate.

[0138] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transparent electrode. In order to form the first electrode 110 as a transparent electrode, the first electrode material can be selected from among indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. Alternatively, in order to form the first electrode 110 as a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode material can be selected from among magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0139] The first electrode 110 can have a single layer structure having a single layer or a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 110 can have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but is not limited thereto.

[0140] [Hole transport region 130]

[0141] The hole transport region 130 can have i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a plurality of materials different from each other, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers composed of a plurality of materials different from each other.

[0142] The hole transport region 130 can include at least one layer selected from among a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a light-emitting auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer (EBL).

[0143] For example, the hole transport region 130 can have a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a plurality of different substances from each other, or can have a multi-layer structure of a hole injection layer / hole transport layer, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting auxiliary layer, a hole injection layer / light emitting auxiliary layer, a hole transport layer / light emitting auxiliary layer, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer, sequentially stacked from the first electrode 110, but is not limited thereto.

[0144] The hole transport region 130 can include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD (Spiro-TPD), Spiro-NPB (Spiro-NPB), methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (Pani / CSA), and polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (Pani / PSS), a compound represented by Chemical Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Chemical Formula 202 below:

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] <Chemical Formula 201>

[0148]

[0149] <Chemical Formula 202>

[0150]

[0151] In the Chemical Formula 201 and the Chemical Formula 202,

[0152] L 201 to L 204independently of one another selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0153] L 205 selected from *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0154] xa1to xa4are independently of one another selected from an integer from 0 to 3,

[0155] xa5is selected from an integer from 1 to 10,

[0156] R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 may be independently of one another selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60thioaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0157] For example, in the chemical formula 202, R 201 and R 202 may be optionally connected to each other by a single bond, dimethyl-methylene, or diphenyl-methylene, R 203 and R 204 may be optionally connected to each other by a single bond, dimethyl-methylene, or diphenyl-methylene.

[0158] According to an implementation example, in the chemical formula 201 and the chemical formula 202,

[0159] L 201 to L 205 are independently selected from:

[0160] phenylene, indenylene, indenyl, heptacene, indacene, acenaphthylene, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, phenylene, indenylene, indenyl, heptacene, indacene, acenaphthylene, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene,

[0161] selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl substituted with C1-C 10 alkyl, phenyl substituted with -F, indenylene, indenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, heptacene, indacene, acenaphthylene, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, alkyl, tetraphenyl, furanyl, perylene, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rutinyl, benzoyl, ovophenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazoleyl, dibenzocarbazoleyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ) and -N(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenylene, cyclopentadienylene, indene, naphthylene, chamomilecycloylene, heptadienylene, adaninylene, acenaphthel, fluorene, spiro-difluorene, benzo[9,10]fluorene, dibenzo[9,10]fluorene, phenenylene, anthracene, fluorenylene, benzo[9,10]phenenylene, pyrene, etc. Among the following groups: alkyl, tetraphenyl, terephthalyl, perylene, pentaphenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, rubidylene, benzoylene, oleophylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridylene,

[0162] The Q 31 To Q 33 They can be selected independently from C1-C. 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Among alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl groups.

[0163] According to another implementation example, xa1 to xa4 can be 0, 1 or 2 independently of each other.

[0164] According to another implementation example, xa5 can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0165] According to yet another implementation example, R 201 To R 204 And Q 201 They can be selected independently from:

[0166] Phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, cyclopentadienyl, indene, naphthyl, chamomilecycloyl, heptalenyl, indaneyl, acenaphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrene, at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R

[0167] at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 20 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 20 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 10 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 31 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 32 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 33 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 31 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 32 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R

[0168] at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 31 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 33 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R

[0169] at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 201 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R 203 at least one of the following groups: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R

[0170] fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, carbazolyl, diph- enofuranyl, and diph- enothiophenyl; and

[0171] at least one substituent selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl substituted with C1-C 10 alkyl, phenyl substituted with -F, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, carbazolyl, diph- enofuranyl, and diph- enothiophenyl, but not limited thereto.

[0172] According to yet another implementation example, in the chemical formula 202, i) R 201 and R 202 may be connected to each other by a single bond, and / or ii) R 203 and R 204 may be connected to each other by a single bond.

[0173] According to yet another implementation example, in the chemical formula 202, at least one of R 201 to R 204 may be selected from:

[0174] carbazolyl; and

[0175] at least one substituent selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl substituted with C1-C 10 alkyl, phenyl substituted with -F, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, carbazolyl, diph- enofuranyl, and diph- enothiophenyl, but not limited thereto.

[0176] The compound represented by the chemical formula 201 can be represented by the following chemical formula 201A:

[0177] <Chemical Formula 201A>

[0178]

[0179] For example, the compound represented by the chemical formula 201 can be represented by the following chemical formula 201A(1), but not limited thereto:

[0180] <Chemical Formula 201A(1)>

[0181]

[0182] As still another example, the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 201 can be represented by the following Chemical Formula 201A-1, but is not limited thereto:

[0183] <Chemical Formula 201A-1>

[0184]

[0185] Further, the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 202 can be represented by the following Chemical Formula 202A:

[0186] <Chemical Formula 202A>

[0187]

[0188] According to still another example, the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 202 can be represented by the following Chemical Formula 202A-1:

[0189] <Chemical Formula 202A-1>

[0190]

[0191] In the Chemical Formulas 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

[0192] Regarding L 201 to L 203 , xa1to xa3, xa5, and R 202 to R 204 The descriptions regarding R

[0193] Regarding R 211 and R 212 , the descriptions regarding R 203 in the present specification,

[0194] R 213 to R 217 may be independently selected from each other from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a C1-C 10alkyl-substituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with -F, pentalenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, heptaphenyl, indacenyl, acenaphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro- dibluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzophenanthryl, pyrenyl, chrysenyl, picenyl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, hexacenyl, pentacenyl, pyromethenyl, coronenyl, ovalenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothianthryl, and pyridyl.

[0195] The hole transport region 130 can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Compound HT1 to Compound HT39, but is not limited thereto.

[0196]

[0197]

[0198]

[0199] For example, the hole transport region 130 can include a metal oxide.

[0200] The thickness of the hole transport region 130 can be about 1 nm to about 100 nm. For example, the thickness of the hole transport region 130 can be about 1 nm to about 50 nm. For example, the thickness of the hole transport region 130 can be about 1 nm to about 10 nm. For example, the thickness of the hole transport region 130 can be about 1 nm to about 5 nm. If the thickness of the hole transport region 130 satisfies the range as described above, a satisfactory degree of hole transport characteristics can be obtained without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0201] The light emission auxiliary layer is a layer that functions to compensate for an optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the light emission layer, thereby increasing the light emission efficiency, and the electron blocking layer is a layer that functions to prevent the injection of electrons from the electron transport region. The light emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer can include the substances as described above.

[0202] [Light emission layer 150]

[0203] The light emission layer 150 can be a single layer structure or a structure in which two or more layers are stacked. For example, the light emission layer 150 can be a single layer structure or a structure in which two to ten layers are stacked.

[0204] The light emission layer 150 includes one or more quantum rods 1 as described above.

[0205] ​The quantum rods are dispersed in a state of being naturally aligned to a dispersion medium such as an organic solvent or a polymer resin, and any medium can be used as the dispersion medium as long as it is a transparent medium that does not affect the wavelength conversion performance of the quantum rods and does not deteriorate or reflect light, and does not absorb light. For example, the organic solvent can include at least one of toluene, chloroform, and ethanol, and the polymer resin can include at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxy, silicone, polysthylene, and acrylate.

[0206] Unlike a bulk substance, the quantum rods have a discontinuous band gap energy due to a quantum confinement effect. Also, the quantum rods have a characteristic in which the interval between energy bands becomes different depending on the size of the quantum rods, and even if the same quantum rods are used, changing the size can emit light of different wavelengths from each other. The smaller the size of the quantum rods, the greater the band gap energy, and thus the wavelength of the emitted light becomes shorter. By appropriately changing the growth conditions of the nanocrystals to adjust the size of the quantum rods, light in a desired wavelength region can be obtained accordingly. Therefore, by introducing such quantum rods into a light emitting element, a light emitting element with high light efficiency and color purity can be realized.

[0207] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting layer including quantum rods aligned by a liquid crystalline ligand in a light emitting element according to an embodiment.

[0208] Referring to Figure 3 The light emitting layer 150 further includes a substrate 2, and can have a structure in which a plurality of quantum rods 1 are aligned in the same orientation on the substrate 2.

[0209] That is, by the property of the liquid crystalline ligand included in the quantum rods 1 to be aligned, the quantum rods 1 themselves can be uniformly aligned.

[0210] According to an embodiment, the substrate 2 can have a structure having a groove or include an alignment layer.

[0211] Accordingly, the quantum rods 1 can be aligned by interacting with the substrate 2.

[0212] Here, as long as it is an alignment layer used in the field of liquid crystal display devices in the past, it can be used as the "alignment layer" without particular limitation.

[0213] [Electron transport region 170]

[0214] The electron transport region 170 can have: i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer formed using a single substance; ii) a single layer structure composed of single layers formed using a plurality of substances different from each other; or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers formed using a plurality of substances different from each other.

[0215] The electron transport region 170, although it can include at least one layer selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron regulating layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer, is not limited thereto.

[0216] For example, the electron transport region 170 can have a structure in which an electron transport layer / electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, an electron regulating layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, and the like are sequentially stacked from the light-emitting layer, but is not limited thereto.

[0217] The electron transport region 170 (for example, a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron regulating layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can include a metal-free compound including at least one nitrogen-containing ring having a π-electron deficient.

[0218] The "nitrogen-containing ring having a π-electron deficient" as a ring-forming moiety means a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0219] For example, the "nitrogen-containing ring having a π-electon deficient" can be i) a 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *-N=* moiety, or ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more of the 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups having at least one *-N=* moiety are condensed with each other, or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one of the 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups having at least one *-N=* moiety is condensed with at least one C5-C 60 carbon ring group with each other.

[0220] Specific examples of the "nitrogen-containing ring having a π-electron deficient" can be imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthylidine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenoxazine, benzimidazole, isobenzothiazole, benzoxazole, isobenzoxazole, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, triazine, thiazole, imidazopyridine, imidazopyrimidine, and azacarbazole, but is not limited thereto.

[0221] For example, the electron transport region 170 can include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 601.

[0222] <Chemical Formula 601>

[0223] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21

[0224] In the Chemical Formula 601,

[0225] Ar 601 is a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0226] xe11 is 1, 2, or 3,

[0227] L 601 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0228] xe1 is selected from an integer of 0 to 5,

[0229] R 601 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q603 ), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0230] Q 601 to Q 603 are independently of each other C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl,

[0231] xe21 is selected from an integer from 1 to 5.

[0232] According to an implementation example, at least one of the xe11 Ar 601 and the xe21 R 601 may include a π-electron poor nitrogen-containing ring as described above.

[0233] According to an implementation example, in the chemical formula 601, Ar 601 is selected from:

[0234] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzo-fluorene group, a dibenzo-fluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthen group, a benzo[9,10]phenanthrene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a triphenylene group, a pyranthrene group, a periflanthene group, a pentaphene group, an indanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indolizine group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthylidine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenoxazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, a oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

[0235] is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q31 32 ) in which at least one of the phenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, benzoquinolyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthpyridinyl group, quinoxalyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, phenoxazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, triazinyl group, thiadiazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and azacarbazolyl group,

[0236] Q 31 to Q 33 may be independently of each other selected from among C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0237] In the chemical formula 601, in the case where xe11 is 2 or more, two or more Ar 601 may be connected to each other by a single bond.

[0238] According to another implementation example, in the chemical formula 601, Ar 601 may be an anthracene group.

[0239] According to still another implementation example, the compound represented by the chemical formula 601 can be represented by the following chemical formula 601-1.

[0240] <Chemical Formula 601-1>

[0241]

[0242] In the chemical formula 601-1,

[0243] X 614 is N or C(R 614 ), X 615 is N or C(R 615 ), X 616 is N or C(R 616 ), and X 614 to X 616 is N,​

[0244] L 611 To L 613 Referencing each other independently regarding the L 601 The explanation,

[0245] xe611 to xe613 refer independently to the description of xe1.

[0246] R 611 To R 613 Referencing each other independently with respect to the R mentioned 601 The explanation,

[0247] R 614 To R 616 They can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Among alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl groups.

[0248] According to one implementation example, in chemical formula 601 and chemical formula 601-1, L 601 and L 611 To L 613 They can be selected independently from:

[0249] Phenylidene, naphthylene, fluorene, spiro-difluorene, benzo[2-fluorene], dibenzo[2-fluorene], phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthracene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, phenanthrene Perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenanthrenediyl, acridineyl, phenanthrene-pyridinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazoleyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and zazacarbazolyl; and

[0250] Selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzo-fluorenyl, dibenzo-fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzo-fluorenyl, dibenzo-fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzo-fluorenyl, dibenzo-fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl,

[0251] According to another implementation example, in the Chemical Formula 601 and Chemical Formula 601-1, xe1and xe611to xe613may be independently of each other 0, 1 or 2.

[0252] According to yet another implementation example, in the Chemical Formula 601 and Chemical Formula 601-1, R 601 and R 611 to R 613 are independently of each other selected from:

[0253] phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzo-fluorenyl, dibenzo-fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, Peryl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cyclophosphinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl;

[0254] Selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrene Peryl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazine At least one substituted phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, terazolinyl, phenanthrynyl, acridineyl, phenanthrynyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl, or azacarbazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrynyl, pyrene, phenanthrynyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrynyl, pyreneyl, phenanthryn ... phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, benzophenyl, triphenylene, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoquinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthylidinyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenoxazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl; and

[0255] -S(=O)2(Q 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0256] The descriptions of the Q 601 and Q 602 are referred to the descriptions in the specification.

[0257] The electron transport region 170 can include at least one compound selected from the following compounds ET1 to ET36, but is not limited thereto:

[0258]

[0259]

[0260]

[0261]

[0262] Alternatively, the electron transport region 170 can include at least one compound selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and NTAZ.

[0263]

[0264] The thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron regulating layer can independently be about to about For example, it can be about to about In the case where the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron regulating layer satisfies the above range, excellent hole blocking characteristics or electron regulating characteristics can be obtained without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0265] The thickness of the electron transport layer can be about to about For example, it can be about to about In the case where the thickness of the electron transport layer satisfies the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0266] The electron transport region 170 (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can include a metal-containing substance in addition to the above-described substance.

[0267] The metal-containing substance can include at least one selected from an alkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex can be selected from Li ion, Na ion, K ion, Rb ion, and Cs ion, and the metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex can be selected from Be ion, Mg ion, Ca ion, Sr ion, and Ba ion. The ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex and the alkaline earth metal complex can be independently selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl-oxazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiazole, hydroxyphenyl-oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-pyridine, hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but is not limited thereto.

[0268] For example, the metal-containing substance can include a Li complex. The Li complex can include, for example, the following compounds ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.

[0269]

[0270] The electron transport region 170 can include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer can be in direct contact with the second electrode 190.

[0271] The electron injection layer can have i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single substance, ii) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a plurality of substances different from each other, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers composed of a plurality of substances different from each other.

[0272] The electron injection layer can include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination of these.

[0273] The alkali metal can be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. According to an embodiment, the alkali metal can be Li, Na, or Cs. According to another embodiment, the alkali metal can be Li or Cs, but is not limited thereto.

[0274] The alkaline earth metal can be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

[0275] The rare earth metal can be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

[0276] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound can be selected from oxides and halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides, etc.) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal.

[0277] The alkali metal compound can be selected from alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Cs2O3, K2O, etc., and alkali metal halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, RbI, etc. According to an embodiment, the alkali metal compound can be selected from LiF, Li2O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, but is not limited thereto.

[0278] The alkaline earth metal compound can be selected from alkaline earth metal compounds such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (0 < x < 1), Ba x Ca 1-x O (0 < x < 1), etc. According to an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal compound can be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but is not limited thereto.

[0279] The rare earth metal compound can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, and TbF3. According to an embodiment, the rare earth metal compound can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, and TbI3, but is not limited thereto.

[0280] The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex can include ions of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal as described above, and a ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex can be independently selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl-oxazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiazole, hydroxyphenyl-oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-pyridine, hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but is not limited thereto.

[0281] The electron injection layer can include only the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination of these, or can further include the organic material described above. In the case where the electron injection layer further includes the organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination of these can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in a matrix formed of the organic material.

[0282] For example, the electron injection layer can include a co-deposited substance of KI:Yb or a co-deposited substance of RbI:Yb. For example, in the co-deposited substance of KI:Yb, the weight ratio of KI and Yb can be 1:9 to 9:1. For example, in the co-deposited substance of RbI:Yb, the weight ratio of RbI and Yb can be 1:9 to 9:1.

[0283] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be about to about For example, it can be about to about In the case where the thickness of the electron injection layer satisfies the aforementioned range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0284] [Second electrode 190]

[0285] As described above, the light emitting element 100 includes a second electrode 190 facing the first electrode 110. The above description is referred to regarding the second electrode 190. For example, the second electrode 190 can be a cathode as an electron injection electrode, in which case a metal, an alloy, a conductive compound, and a combination thereof having a low work function can be used as a second electrode material.

[0286] The second electrode 190 can include at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), silver-magnesium (Ag-Mg), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), ITO, and IZO, but is not limited thereto.

[0287] The second electrode 190 can be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0288] The second electrode 190 can have a single layer structure as a single layer or a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers. For example, the second electrode 190 can have a structure in which a layer including Ag-Mg and a layer including Yb are stacked.

[0289] The above, with reference to Figure 2 The light emitting element is described, but is not limited thereto.

[0290] Each layer included in the light emitting element can be formed in a predetermined region using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, a laser-induced thermal imaging method (LITI), and the like.

[0291] In a case where each layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method, a deposition condition can be selected in a range of a deposition temperature of about 100°C to about 500°C, a vacuum degree of about 10 -8 tor to about 10 -3 tor, and a deposition speed of about to about , in consideration of a material to be included in a layer to be formed and a structure of the layer to be formed.

[0292] In a case where each layer is formed by a spin coating method, a coating condition can be selected in a range of a coating speed of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm and a heat treatment temperature of about 80°C to about 200°C, in consideration of a material to be included in a layer to be formed and a structure of the layer to be formed.

[0293] [Display device]

[0294] The light emitting element can be included in a display device including a thin film transistor. The thin film transistor can include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, and any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode can be electrically connected to the first electrode of the light emitting element.

[0295] The thin film transistor can further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, and the like.

[0296] The active layer can include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, and the like, but is not limited thereto.

[0297] The display device can further include a sealing portion that seals the light emitting element. The sealing portion allows an image to be presented from the light emitting element and blocks external gases and moisture from permeating into the light emitting element. The sealing portion can be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass or plastic substrate. The sealing portion can be a thin film encapsulation layer including a plurality of organic layers and / or a plurality of inorganic layers. If the sealing portion is a thin film encapsulation layer, the entire flat panel display device is manufactured to be flexible.

[0298] [Optical component and device]

[0299] According to another aspect, there is provided an optical member including the above-described quantum rod.

[0300] The optical member can be a color conversion member.

[0301] The color conversion member can include a substrate and a pattern layer formed on the substrate.

[0302] The substrate can be a substrate constituting the color conversion member, or can be a region in which the color conversion member is disposed in various devices (e.g., a display device). The substrate can be a glass substrate, a silicon (Si) substrate, a silicon oxide (SiO x ) substrate, or a polymer substrate, and the polymer substrate can be polyethersulfone (PES) or polycarbonate (PC), or the like.

[0303] The pattern layer can include quantum rods in a thin film form. For example, the pattern layer can be quantum rods in a thin film form.

[0304] The color conversion member including the substrate and the pattern layer can further include a partition wall or a black matrix formed between the pattern layers. In addition, the color conversion member can further include a color filter in order to additionally improve light conversion efficiency.

[0305] The color conversion component may include: a red pattern layer that emits red light; a green pattern layer that emits green light; a blue pattern layer that emits blue light; or any combination thereof. The red, green, and / or blue pattern layers can be implemented by controlling the composition, structure, and / or composition of the nanoparticles in the quantum rod.

[0306] According to another aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes the quantum rod (or, an optical component including the quantum rod).

[0307] The device may also include a light source, and the quantum rod (or, optical components including the quantum rod) may be arranged in the path of light emitted from the light source.

[0308] The light source can emit blue, red, green, or white light. For example, the light source can emit blue light.

[0309] The light source can be an organic light-emitting element (OLED) or a light-emitting diode (LED).

[0310] Light emitted from the light source as described above can be converted into light by nanoparticles in the quantum rod while passing through the quantum rod, wherein light with a wavelength different from that emitted from the light source can be emitted by the quantum rod.

[0311] The device can be various display devices, lighting devices, etc.

[0312] [General definition of substituents]

[0313] In this specification, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups represent straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, and hexyl. In this specification, C1-C... 60 Alkylene represents the C1-C 60 Alkyl groups have the same structure as divalent groups.

[0314] In this instruction manual, C2-C 60 Alkenyl groups are indicated at the C2-C... 60 Alkyl groups, either intermediately or terminally, comprise hydrocarbon groups with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; specific examples include vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl groups. In this specification, C2-C... 60 The sub-alkenyl group represents the C2-C 60 Alkenes have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0315] In this instruction manual, C2-C 60The alkynyl group is indicated in the C2-C 60 Alkyl groups, either in the middle or at the end, include hydrocarbon groups comprising one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds; specific examples include ethynyl and propynyl groups. In this specification, C2-C... 60 The alkynyl group indicates that it is related to the C2-C 60 The alkynyl group is a divalent group with the same structure.

[0316] In this specification, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups indicate the presence of -OA 101 (Here, A) 101 For the C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups in the chemical formula of alkyl groups, and specific examples include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy groups.

[0317] In this instruction manual, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. In this specification, C3-C... 10 Cycloalkylene indicates that it is related to the C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have the same divalent structure.

[0318] In this specification, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups refer to monovalent monocyclic groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in which at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S is included as a cyclic atom. Specific examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiopheneyl. In this specification, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups represent those with C1-C... 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0319] In this instruction manual, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are monovalent monocyclic groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, representing groups having at least one double bond within the ring but lacking aromaticity. Specific examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. In this specification, C3-C... 10 Cycloalkylene groups represent the C3-C group. 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0320] In this specification, C1-C 10Heterocycloalkenyl represents a monovalent monocyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which contains at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and has at least one double bond in the ring. The C1-C 10 Specific examples of heterocycloalkenyl group include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothienyl, and the like. In the present specification, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group has the same structure as the divalent group. 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group has the same structure as the divalent group.

[0321] In the present specification, C6-C 60 Aryl represents a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, C6-C 60 Aryl represents a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, C6-C 60 Specific examples of aryl group include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, Aryl represents a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, C6-C 60 Aryl represents a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, C6-C 60 In the case where aryl group includes two or more rings, the two or more rings can be condensed with each other.

[0322] In the present specification, C6-C 60 Heteroaryl represents a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic ring system which contains at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and has 1 to 60 carbon atoms, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl represents a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic ring system which contains at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and has 1 to 60 carbon atoms, C1-C 60 Specific examples of heteroaryl group include pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, and the like. In the C1-C 60 Heteroaryl represents a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic ring system which contains at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and has 1 to 60 carbon atoms, C1-C 60 In the case where heteroaryl group includes two or more rings, the two or more rings can be condensed with each other.

[0323] In the present specification, C6-C 60 Aryloxy represents -OA 102 (wherein, A 102 is the C6-C 60 Aryl), the C6-C 60 Arylthio represents -SA 103 (wherein, A 103 is the C6-C60 aryl).

[0324] In the present specification, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group means a monovalent group (for example, having a carbon atom number of 8 to 60) in which two or more rings are condensed to each other, and which includes only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms and has non-aromaticity in the whole molecule. Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorene group and the like. In the present specification, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group means a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0325] In the present specification, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group means a monovalent group (for example, having a carbon atom number of 1 to 60) in which two or more rings are condensed to each other, and which includes at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, Si, P and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon, and has non-aromaticity in the whole molecule. Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazole group and the like. In the present specification, a divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group means a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0326] In the present specification, a C4-C 60 A carbocyclic group means a monocyclic or polycyclic group having a carbon atom number of 4 to 60, which includes only carbon as a ring-forming atom. The C4-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The C4-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be a ring such as benzene, a monovalent group such as a phenyl group or a divalent group such as a phenylene group. Alternatively, depending on the number of substituents of the C4-C 60 The carbocyclic group can have the C4-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group, and the like.

[0327] In the present specification, a C2-C 60 A heterocyclic group means a group having the same structure as the C4-C 60 The carbocyclic group, and which includes at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, Si, P and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon (which can have a carbon atom number of 2 to 60).

[0328] In the present specification, the substituted C4-C 60 carbocyclic group, the substituted C2-C 60 heterocyclic group, the substituted C3-C​10 Cycloalkylene, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted divalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic groups, substituted divalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkyne group, substituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, substituted C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, substituted C1-C 60 At least one of the substituents of the heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic group is selected from:

[0329] Deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group and C1-C 60 Alkoxy;

[0330] Selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q)11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), and -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) are substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0331] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 aralkyl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

[0332] substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 aralkyl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), and -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q22 At least one substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic groups; and

[0333] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 )middle,

[0334] In this specification, Q is described as follows. 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 They can be independently selected from: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic group; C1-C substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F and cyano. 60 Alkyl group; C6-C substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F, and cyano groups. 60 Among aryl, biphenyl, and terphenyl groups.

[0335] In the present specification, "Ph" represents phenyl, "Me" represents methyl, "Et" represents ethyl, "ter-Bu" or "Bu" represents tert-butyl, and "OMe" represents methoxy. t

[0336] In the present specification, "biphenyl" represents "phenyl substituted with phenyl". The "biphenyl" belongs to "substituted phenyl" in which the substituent is "C6-C 60 aryl".

[0337] In the present specification, "terphenyl" represents "phenyl substituted with biphenyl". The "terphenyl" belongs to "substituted phenyl" in which the substituent is "C6-C 60 aryl" substituted with C6-C 60 aryl".

[0338] In the present specification, unless otherwise defined, and represent the bonding site to the adjacent atom in the corresponding chemical formula.

[0339] Hereinafter, the compound and the light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present application will be described more specifically with examples.

[0340] [Examples]

[0341] Evaluation example

[0342] The results of evaluation of the HOMO level, the LUMO level, and the bond dissociation energy (B.D.E) of ligands 1 to 4 and liquid crystalline molecules A to C (i.e., Comparative Examples A to C) with the Gaussian 09 program with molecular structure optimization by density functional theory (DFT) based on B3LYP are as follows in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0343] [Ligands 1 to 4]

[0344]

[0345] [Comparative Example A]

[0346]

[0347] [Comparative Example B]

[0348]

[0349] [Comparative Example C]

[0350]

[0351] ​Table 1

[0352]

[0353] Table 2

[0354]

[0355] And, the hole / electron injection characteristics of a light emitting layer including quantum rods using Ligand 1 (Example 1) and a light emitting layer including quantum rods using Comparative Example A (Comparative Example 1) were measured, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. Figure 4 And Figure 5 .

[0356] Referring to Table 1, for Ligands 1 to 3 according to the present application, since the band gap is less than Comparative Examples A to C, referring to Figure 4 And Figure 5 In the case of manufacturing an element using quantum rods, Ligands 1 to 3 are more easily injected with charges than Comparative Examples A to C, and the Bond Dissociation Energy value is higher in the anion structure and the cation structure when charges are injected, thus having structural stability.

[0357] And, for Ligand 4, although the band gap is at a similar level to Comparative Example B, this is because the basic structure of the molecule is similar, and in comparison to Comparative Example B, -HS is included in the anchoring group portion, thus better attachment to nanoparticles is possible. Thus, in the case of manufacturing an element including quantum rods using Ligand 4, excellent electron injection characteristics and structural stability can be exhibited.

Claims

1. A quantum rod comprising: a nanoparticle having a core-shell structure including a core including a first semiconductor crystal and a shell including a second semiconductor crystal, or a perovskite compound, and one or more liquid crystalline ligands bound to a surface of the nanoparticle and represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, <Chemical Formula 1> R1-(L1) b1 -(A1) a1 -(L2) b2 -(A2) a2 -(L3) b3 -T1 in the Chemical Formula 1, A1and A2are each independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, and an anthryl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, a1and a2are 1, L1to L3are each independently selected from a group represented by the following Chemical Formulae L-1 to L-56, L-58 to L-60, and L-63: b1is selected from an integer of 0 to 3, and b2and b3are 0, R1is *-S(R a ), R a selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and t-butyl, T1is a cyano group, * and * are bonding sites to adjacent atoms.

2. The quantum rod according to claim 1, wherein A1and A2are each independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, and an anthryl group; a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, and an anthryl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, and -I.

3. The quantum rod according to claim 1, wherein the *-(A1) a1 the *-(A2) a2 each of the *' is independently selected from the group consisting of the following formulae A-1, A-2, A-7, A-20 and A-21: in the Chemical Formulae A-1, A-2, A-7, A-20, and A-21, * and * are bonding sites to adjacent atoms.

4. The quantum rod according to claim 1, wherein The R a selected from: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, and -I.

5. The quantum rod according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline ligand is one or more selected from the following Ligand 1 to Ligand 4:

6. The quantum rod according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor crystal and the second semiconductor crystal are each independently a 12-16 group compound, a 13-15 group compound, a 14-16 group compound, a 14 group compound, an 11-13-16 group compound, an 11-12-13-16 group compound, or any combination thereof.

7. The quantum rod according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor and the second semiconductor are each independently CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgS, MgSe, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnS, MgZnSe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe; GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, InZnP; SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe; Si, Ge, SiC, SiGe; AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2; or any combination thereof.

8. The quantum rod of claim 1, wherein, The first semiconductor is GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or any combination thereof, and the second semiconductor is CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgS, MgSe, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnS, MgZnSe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe, or any combination thereof.

9. The quantum rod of claim 1, wherein the average diameter of the nanoparticle is 5 nm to 100 nm, and the aspect ratio is 1.1:1 to 20:

1.

10. The quantum rod of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle is a one-dimensional particle having a length or a two-dimensional particle having a plate shape.

11. A light-emitting element comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a light-emitting layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light-emitting layer includes the quantum rod according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The light-emitting element according to claim 11, wherein the light-emitting layer further includes a substrate, and has a structure in which a plurality of quantum rods are aligned on the substrate in the same orientation.

13. The light-emitting element according to claim 12, wherein the substrate is a structure having a groove, or the substrate includes an alignment layer.

14. An optical member comprising the quantum rod according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

15. The optical member according to claim 14, wherein the optical member is a color conversion member.

16. An optical device comprising the quantum rod according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

17. The optical device of claim 16, wherein, Further comprising: a light source, wherein the quantum rod is arranged on a path of light emitted from the light source.

18. The optical device of claim 17, wherein, the light source is an organic light emitting element or a light emitting diode.

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