System and method for wireless power control

Abstract

A method for operating a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving at least one of: a configuration of a first group of one or more downlink (DL) signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop power control (PC) parameters, a configuration of a third group of one or more closed-loop PC parameters, or a configuration of a fourth group of one or more cyclic states; receiving a configuration of a PC setting, wherein the PC setting is associated with at least one of: a subset of the first group, a subset of the second group, a subset of the third group, or a subset of the fourth group; selecting a transmission power level based on the PC setting and a path loss, wherein the path loss is determined based on a DL reference signal (SS) and a synchronization signal (SS).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of 201880032664.2, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 506,435, filed on May 15, 2017, entitled “System and Method for Wireless Power Control”, and application number 62 / 558,190, filed on September 13, 2017, and also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 15 / 977,872, filed on May 11, 2018, entitled “System and Method for Wireless Power Control”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to a system and method for digital communications and, in particular embodiments, to a system and method for wireless power control. Background Art

[0003] The transmission power level of a communication device may have an impact on the data rate of a communication. If the transmission power level of a transmission from a communication device is too low, the data rate of the communication device may be reduced due to insufficient signal strength and may be susceptible to interference from other communication devices. If the transmission power level of a transmission from a communication device is too high, the data rates of other communication devices may be negatively affected due to increased interference caused by the transmission from the communication device.

[0004] The next generation of wireless communication systems will have higher flexibility in power control parameters and settings. Therefore, the signaling of power control parameters and settings may be more complex and may increase communication overhead, which will have a negative impact on the performance of the entire communication system.

[0005]

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for systems and methods for wireless power control that can scale efficiently as the number of power control parameters and settings increases. Summary of the invention

[0006] Example embodiments provide a system and method for wireless power control.

[0007] According to an example embodiment, a computer-implemented method for operating a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes: the UE receiving at least one of: a configuration of a first group of one or more downlink (DL) signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop power control (PC) parameters, or a configuration of a third group of one or more closed-loop PC parameters; the UE receiving a PC configuration, the PC configuration being associated with at least one of a subset of the first group, a subset of the second group, or a subset of the third group; the UE determining a transmission power level based on the PC configuration and a path loss, the path loss being calculated based on the DL signals in the subset of the first group; and the UE transmitting a signal on an uplink (UL) resource set at the transmission power level.

[0008] Optionally, in one of any preceding embodiments, each DL signal in the first set of one or more DL signals is associated with a first index.

[0009] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the aforementioned embodiments, the DL signal is a DL reference signal (RS), or a synchronization signal (SS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) demodulation reference signal (DMRS) associated with the SS.

[0010] Optionally, in one of any of the aforementioned embodiments, the DL reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0011] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the aforementioned embodiments, the third set of one or more closed-loop PC parameters includes a set of one or more transmit PC (TPC) command configurations.

[0012] Optionally, in one of any of the aforementioned embodiments, the third set of one or more closed-loop PC parameters includes a set of one or more PC adjustment state configurations.

[0013] Optionally, in one of any of the aforementioned embodiments, each PC adjustment state configuration in the set of one or more PC adjustment state configurations is associated with a third index.

[0014] Optionally, in one of any of the aforementioned embodiments, wherein each open-loop PC parameter of the second set of one or more open-loop PC parameters comprises a Po and alpha (α) parameter pair, each Po and α parameter pair is associated with a second index.

[0015] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the aforementioned embodiments, it also includes: the UE receives the configuration of one or more UL resource sets, and the one or more UL resource sets include at least one of sounding reference signal (SRS) resources, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources or resources for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0016] Optionally, in one of any preceding embodiments, the PC configuration is associated with a signal transmitted on a UL resource set.

[0017] Optionally, in one of any preceding embodiments, the transmission power level is further selected based on a power limit value associated with the UE.

[0018] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the aforementioned embodiments, it further includes a DL transmission power level of a port on which the UE receives DL signals in the subset of the first group.

[0019] Optionally, in one of any of the aforementioned embodiments, the DL transmission power level is received in a system information block (SIB).

[0020] Optionally, in one of any of the aforementioned embodiments, the transmission power level is further selected based on a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the port and a DL transmission power level of the port.

[0021] Optionally, in one of any preceding embodiments, wherein the PC configuration is associated with a unique identifier.

[0022] Optionally, in one of any preceding embodiments, the PC configuration is associated with a first index, a second index, and a third index.

[0023] According to an example embodiment, a computer-implemented method for operating an access point is provided. The method includes: the access point sending at least one of: a configuration of a first group of one or more DL signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop PC parameters, or a configuration of a third group of one or more closed-loop PC parameters; the access point sending a PC configuration, the PC configuration being associated with at least one of a subset of the first group, a subset of the second group, or a subset of the third group; and the access point receiving a signal on a UL resource set transmitted from a UE at a transmission power level selected based on the PC configuration and a path loss calculated based on the DL signals in the subset of the first group.

[0024] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the aforementioned embodiments, it also includes a configuration in which the access point sends one or more UL resource sets, and the one or more UL resource sets include at least one of SRS resources, PUCCH resources, or resources for PUSCH.

[0025] Optionally, in one of any preceding embodiments, the transmission power level is further selected based on a power limit value associated with the UE.

[0026] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the aforementioned embodiments, it further includes a DL transmission power level of a port through which the access point sends a DL signal in a subset of the first group.

[0027] According to an example embodiment, a UE is provided. The UE includes: a memory including instructions and one or more processors in communication with the memory. The one or more processors execute instructions to: receive at least one of: a configuration of a first group of one or more DL signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop PC parameters, or a configuration of a third group of one or more closed-loop PC parameters; receive a PC configuration, the PC configuration being associated with at least one of a subset of the first group, a subset of the second group, or a subset of the third group; determine a transmission power level based on the PC configuration and a path loss, the path loss being calculated based on the DL signals in the subset of the first group; and transmit a signal on a UL resource set at the transmission power level.

[0028] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more processors further execute instructions to: receive a configuration of one or more UL resource sets, the one or more UL resource sets comprising at least one of SRS resources, PUCCH resources, or resources for PUSCH.

[0029] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the aforementioned embodiments, the one or more processors further execute instructions to: select the transmission power level also based on a power limit value associated with the UE.

[0030] Optionally, in one of any of the preceding embodiments, the one or more processors further execute instructions to: receive DL transmission power levels of ports for DL ​​signals in a subset of the first group.

[0031] According to an example embodiment, an access point is provided. The access point includes a memory storing instructions and one or more processors in communication with the memory. The one or more processors execute instructions to: send at least one of: a configuration of a first group of one or more DL signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop PC parameters, or a configuration of a third group of one or more closed-loop PC parameters; send a PC configuration associated with at least one of a subset of the first group, a subset of the second group, or a subset of the third group; and receive a signal from a UE on a UL resource set transmitted at a transmission power level selected based on the PC configuration and a path loss, the path loss being calculated based on the DL signals in the subset of the first group.

[0032] Optionally, in one embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more processors further execute instructions to: send a configuration of one or more UL resource sets, the one or more UL resource sets comprising at least one of SRS resources, PUCCH resources, or resources for PUSCH.

[0033] Optionally, in one of any of the preceding embodiments, the one or more processors further execute instructions to: send DL transmission power levels of ports for DL ​​signals in a subset of the first group.

[0034] Optionally, in one of any of the preceding embodiments, the transmission power level is further selected based on a power limit value associated with the UE.

[0035] When the number of power control parameters and settings of the communication system increases, the practice of the above embodiments can achieve effective signaling of power control parameters and settings. Therefore, the signaling of power control parameters and settings will not negatively affect the overall communication performance of the communication system by significantly increasing the communication overhead. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0037] Figure 1An example wireless communication system is shown according to example embodiments described herein;

[0038] Figure 2A A wireless network for supporting carrier aggregation (CA) or carrier switching (CS) is shown;

[0039] Figure 2B A wireless heterogeneous network (HetNet) for supporting carrier aggregation or carrier selection is shown;

[0040] Figure 2C Another wireless heterogeneous network (HetNet) for supporting carrier aggregation, carrier selection or bidirectional connectivity is shown;

[0041] Figure 3 An embodiment method for processing a 3GPP LTE signal that may be performed by a UE is shown;

[0042] Figure 4 shows the power control parameters in 3GPP LTE;

[0043] Figure 5 shows a first example power control parameter for an NR communication system according to example embodiments described herein;

[0044] Figure 6 shows a second example power control parameter for an NR communication system according to example embodiments described herein;

[0045] Figure 7 shows a third example power control parameter for an NR communication system according to example embodiments described herein;

[0046] Figure 8 shows the relationship between downlink and uplink beams for power control;

[0047] Fig. 9 a graph showing radiated power of an example directional antenna according to example embodiments described herein;

[0048] Fig. 10A A flow chart illustrating example operations occurring in an access point communicating with a UE utilizing power control settings specified using a power control parameter set in accordance with example embodiments described herein;

[0049] Figures 10B-10D An example technique for an access point to transmit a power control parameter value according to example embodiments described herein is shown;

[0050] Fig.11A flow chart illustrating example operations occurring in an access point configuring a set of power control parameters according to example embodiments described herein;

[0051] Fig.12 A flow chart illustrating example operations occurring in a UE communicating with an access point having power control settings specified by a power control parameter set in accordance with example embodiments described herein;

[0052] Fig.13 A flow chart illustrating example operations occurring in an access point using power control specified by a power control parameter set in communication with a UE according to example embodiments described herein;

[0053] Fig.14 A flow chart illustrating example operations occurring in a UE communicating with an access point using power control specified by a power control parameter set in accordance with example embodiments described herein;

[0054] Fig.15 A block diagram of an embodiment processing system for performing the methods described herein, which system may be installed in a host device, is shown;

[0055] Fig.16 A block diagram of a transceiver suitable for transmitting and receiving signaling over a telecommunications network is shown;

[0056] Fig.17 An example communication system is shown;

[0057] Fig.18A and 18B An example device is shown in which the methods and teachings according to the present disclosure may be implemented; and

[0058] Fig.19 is a block diagram of a computing system that can be used to implement the apparatus and methods disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following detailed discussion of the making and use of the disclosed embodiments. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be implemented in a variety of specific environments. The specific embodiments discussed only illustrate specific ways to make and use the embodiments and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0060] Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 is shown. The communication system 100 includes an access point 110 having a coverage area 101. The access point 110 serves a plurality of user equipments (UEs) 120. The communication system 100 also includes a backhaul network 130. As shown, the access point 110 establishes an uplink channel (shown as a dotted line) or a downlink channel (shown as a solid line) with the UE 120 for carrying data from the UE 120 to the access point 110, and vice versa. The data carried through the uplink or downlink channel may include data transmitted between the UEs 120, and data transmitted to or from a remote end (not shown) through the backhaul network 130.

[0061] In the cellular operation mode, communication to and from multiple UEs is performed through the access point 105, while in a device to device communication mode, such as a proximity service (ProSe) operation mode, for example, direct communication between UEs is possible. The access point may also be generally referred to as a node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation (NG) Node B (gNB), a master eNB (MeNB), a secondary eNB (SeNB), a master next generation Node B (MgNB), a secondary next generation Node B (SgNB), a network controller, a control node, a base station, an access point, a transmission point (TP), a transmission-reception point (TRP), a cell, a carrier, a macro cell, a femto cell, a pico cell, etc., and a UE may also be generally referred to as a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a terminal, a user, a subscriber, a station, etc. The access point may provide wireless access according to one or more wireless communication protocols, such as Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution Advanced (3GPP LTE advanced, LTE-A), Fifth Generation (5G), 5G LTE, 5G New Radio (NR), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a, Wi-Fi 802.11b, Wi-Fi 802.11g, Wi-Fi 802.11n or Wi-Fi 802.11ac, etc. Although it is understood that the communication system may deploy multiple access points capable of communicating with several UEs, for simplicity, only one access point and two UEs are shown.

[0062] Figure 2AA wireless network 210 for supporting carrier aggregation (CA) or carrier switching (CS) is shown. As shown, an access point 211 communicates with a UE 215 via different component carriers 216 and 217. In some embodiments, component carrier 216 is a primary component carrier (PCC) and component carrier 217 is a secondary component carrier (SCC). In one embodiment, the PCC carries control information (e.g., feedback from UE 215 to access point 211) and the SCC carries data traffic. In the 3GPP Rel-10 specification, component carriers are referred to as cells. When multiple cells are controlled by the same eNB, a single scheduler can perform cross-scheduling of multiple cells. In the context of carrier aggregation, a high-power node can operate and control several component carriers to form a primary cell (Pcell) and a secondary cell (Scell). The primary carrier transmitted from the access point to the UE may be referred to as a downlink primary component carrier (DL PCC), and the primary carrier transmitted from the UE to the access point may be referred to as an uplink primary component carrier (UL PCC). The secondary carrier transmitted from the access point to the UE may be referred to as a downlink secondary component carrier (DL SCC), and the secondary carrier transmitted from the UE to the access point may be referred to as an uplink secondary component carrier (UL SCC). In the 3GPP Rel-11 design, the eNB may control macro cells and pico cells. In this case, the backhaul between the macro cell and the pico cell is a fast backhaul. The eNB may dynamically control the transmission or reception of the macro cell and the pico cell. It is worth noting that when referring to a basically continuous set of frequency resources configured or used for a UE, the terms such as carrier, channel, frequency band, sub-band, bandwidth part, frequency unit, virtual carrier, cell, virtual cell, etc. refer to a unit for the scheduler to operate.

[0063] In modern wireless networks, access points can be grouped together to form a cluster of access points. Each access point in the cluster can have multiple antennas and can provide wireless access to multiple UEs in the wireless coverage area of ​​the corresponding access point. Resources can be allocated to UEs based on a scheduling algorithm (e.g., proportional fairness, round robin, etc.). Figure 2B A wireless heterogeneous network (HetNet) 220 for supporting carrier aggregation or carrier selection is shown. As shown, access points 221, 222 communicate with UE 225 through different component carriers 226, 227. Access point 221 can be a high-power node (e.g., a macro cell), and access point 222 can be a low-power node, such as a pico cell, a femto cell, a micro cell, a relay, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit, a distributed antenna, etc. Therefore, the coverage area of ​​access point 222 can be smaller than the coverage area of ​​access point 221. Low-power nodes can provide improved cellular coverage, capacity, and applications for homes and businesses, as well as urban and rural public spaces.

[0064] Figure 2C Another wireless heterogeneous network (HetNet) 230 for supporting carrier aggregation, carrier selection or bidirectional connection is shown. As shown, access points (or transmit or receive points (TRPs)) 232, 233, 234 communicate with UE 235 through different component carriers 236, 237, 238. Access point 234 can be a high-power node (e.g., a macro cell), and access points 232, 233 can be low-power nodes, such as a pico cell, a femto cell, a micro cell, a relay, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit, a distributed antenna, etc. Access points or TRPs at different locations can be connected by a fast backhaul (sometimes referred to as an ideal backhaul) so that the access point or TRP acts as an access point or is controlled as an access point. Access points or TRPs at different locations can also be connected by a non-ideal backhaul, which requires a certain degree of autonomous management of wireless resources at each location (especially for fast time-scale resources at the physical (PHY) layer or the medium access control (MAC) layer). However, for some radio resource control (RRC) layers and higher (or upper) layers, coordination between various locations is performed on a slow time scale through a non-ideal backhaul. This is called a bidirectional connection. Regarding antenna ports at the same TRP position, they can share certain commonalities, such as the same Doppler spread, delay spread, etc. Usually, the network does not generally display antenna port location information to the UE, but in some cases, the network can help signal the commonality of the antenna port to the UE. The attributes of the signal notification involve a quasi-collocation (QCL) relationship. A QCL relationship can define a relationship between two reference signals or data signals so that the two signals can be regarded as having similar characteristics. Example features include carrier frequency, time offset, frequency offset, spatial precoding vector, etc.

[0065] although Figure 2B to Figure 2CAccess points are depicted communicating with UEs over different component carriers, but it should be understood that in some embodiments, access points in a Het-Net may communicate with UEs over the same component carrier.

[0066] Some Het-Nets may have multiple high-power access points or multiple low-power access points operating through multiple component carriers. Access points in the same Het-Net may be interconnected through fast backhaul connections or slow backhaul connections, depending on the deployment. Fast backhaul connections may be used to improve coordination between access points, for example, to achieve joint transmission or reception. Multiple radio remote units may be connected to the same baseband unit of an eNB via an optical cable to support relatively low latency communication between the baseband unit and the radio remote unit. In some embodiments, the same baseband unit handles coordinated transmission or reception of multiple cells. For example, the baseband unit may coordinate joint transmissions from multiple access points to a UE (e.g., coordinated multiple point (CoMP) transmissions) or coordinate transmissions from multiple cells to a terminal to achieve CoMP transmissions. For another example, the baseband unit may coordinate joint reception of signals transmitted from a UE to multiple access points to achieve CoMP reception. Fast backhaul connections may also be used to coordinate joint scheduling between different access points. A densely deployed network is an extension of a HetNet that includes a relatively large number of densely deployed low-power access points to provide improved coverage and throughput. Dense deployment networks may be particularly suitable for indoor or outdoor hotspot deployments.

[0067] In wireless networks, reference signals, data signals, and control signals can be transmitted via orthogonal time-frequency resources. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is commonly used, of which cyclic shift (CP) OFDM is a commonly used variant. For example, each signal can be mapped to a different resource element (RE) in a resource block (RB) of a radio frame. In some cases, variants or related ones such as Discrete Fourier Transform-spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM), interleaved frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. can be used.

[0068] Figure 3An embodiment method 300 for processing signals for 3GPP LTE that may be performed by a UE is shown. In steps 305 and 310, the UE processes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), respectively, to determine a cell identity and frame timing of a physical broadcast channel. In step 315, the UE processes a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) of the physical broadcast channel to obtain channel information such as in 3GPP LTE; in 3GPP NR or other systems, the CRS may not exist, and the channel information may be obtained from the SSS, demodulation reference signal (DMRS), discovery reference signal (DRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), etc. In step 320, the UE processes a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) to obtain system information block (SIB) messages for one or more carriers, such as SIB1, SIB2, etc. In step 325, the UE processes the SIB message to obtain system information associated with the corresponding component carrier—such as downlink control information (DCI). The DCI may provide information about transmission parameters (eg, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameters, etc.) used to transmit the corresponding candidate carriers. At step 330, the UE processes the CRS in the candidate carriers to estimate the channel quality associated with each corresponding candidate carrier.

[0069] In step 335, the UE performs cell selection based on the channel quality (e.g., channel quality information) estimated in step 330. In steps 340 and 345, the UE starts monitoring the selected carrier and performs a random access transmission (RACH) uplink transmission to request resources of the selected carrier scheduled to the UE. In step 350, the UE transitions from RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) mode to RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) mode. For example, this can be achieved by exchanging messages with an access point associated with the corresponding carrier. For 3GPP NR, similar steps can be considered, which may be expressed in different terms or symbols.

[0070] At the 3GPP Radio Access Network (RAN) 71st meeting (RAN#71 meeting), the 5G study project on new radio access technology (RAT) was approved, which aims to identify and develop the technical components required for the successful standardization of 5G NR system. In the following, the physical layer procedures and RS design and configuration considerations for UE-oriented access are discussed.

[0071] The following deployment scenarios are important for cellular systems and are already supported by 3GPP LTE. They should be supported on the NR side and possible enhancements and optimizations to these deployment scenarios can be considered.

[0072] 1) The UE density is higher (or much higher) than the TRP or carrier density - this is a typical scenario in 3GPP LTE. In NR, the UE density may be even higher than the UE density in 3GPP LTE. The NR design should provide effective support for this scenario (for example, this scenario is more suitable for DL-based measurements).

[0073] 2) TRP or carrier density is higher (or much higher) than UE density - This may be a result of network densification and is a key scenario to be considered and effectively supported in NR. The design principles may be completely different from the above scenario; for example, UL-based measurements, UE-oriented access, etc. may be more suitable for this scenario.

[0074] 3) The network typically includes both TRPs or carriers that support the initial access procedure and TRPs or carriers that do not support the initial access procedure. Some TRPs or carriers must support the initial access procedure (e.g., sending SS that can be directly discovered by the UE) and related functions, referred to as standalone (SA) TRPs (SA for short), while others do not have to support the initial access procedure, referred to as non-standalone (NSA) TRPs (NSA for short). Not all TRPs or carriers need to support the initial access procedure. To help reduce network cost and complexity, networks (especially dense networks) typically include fewer TRPs or carriers that support the initial access procedure than those that do not. NSA TRPs or carriers can be accessed with some assistance from SA TRPs or carriers.

[0075] Therefore, NR should support deployment scenarios in 3GPP LTE, including those with high UE density or high TRP or carrier density, and with a subset of TRPs or carriers that support the initial access procedure.

[0076] The above scenarios are generally common to NR and 3GPP LTE. However, NR has some new features that are different from 3GPP LTE. For example, NR will likely support high-frequency carriers with narrow beam transmissions through analog beamforming. As another example, NR operates with a "light carrier". More specifically, with network densification and the need for increased operational flexibility, light carriers with reduced common overhead (especially CRS) are considered for NR.

[0077] As previously mentioned, transmission power control (e.g., uplink transmission power control) is an important element of 3GPP LTE, achieving an ideal balance between interference management and throughput performance in various scenarios. For example, uplink transmission power control balances uplink interference management and uplink throughput performance. Transmission power control is yet to be supported in NR and enhanced according to the new scenarios and requirements of NR. Note that although the discussion presented herein focuses on uplink transmission power control, the example embodiments presented can also be used for downlink transmission power control. Therefore, focusing on uplink transmission power control should not be interpreted as limiting the scope or spirit of the example embodiments.

[0078] For uplink transmission power control in NR, the following scenarios can be considered. Note that some of the scenarios presented in this article are new and do not exist in 3GPP LTE, while others may have been discussed in 3GPP LTE but not supported.

[0079] - No CRS: Uplink transmission power control in 3GPP LTE is based on the estimated path loss (PL) in the downlink. The estimated PL is obtained based on the CRS. However, CRS is unlikely to exist in NR. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on another RS ​​or a new mechanism to estimate the PL.

[0080] -Beam-based transmission or reception: In NR, transmission and reception can be based on beams, which may be very narrow beams, especially in high-frequency (HF) or massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) deployments. In addition, the beamwidth and beamforming gain between the same access point and UE may vary significantly for different time and channels. Beam-based transmission or reception has two main meanings:

[0081] -UE transmissions become narrow beams and access point reception also becomes narrow beams. The probability of a narrow beam uplink transmission interfering with another access point’s narrow beam reception is generally low. Therefore, the need for very precise uplink transmission power control to reduce interference becomes less important in NR than in 3GPP LTE.

[0082] - Narrow beam transmission and reception cause received power variations due to different beamforming. For example, as the downlink beam is thinned and narrowed, the UE sees higher received power in the downlink, and as the uplink beam is thinned and narrowed, the access point sees higher received power in the uplink. It is necessary to determine which downlink received power should be used for PL estimation and which uplink receiver power should be used as the transmission power control operation point.

[0083] - Analog beamforming at the access point or at the UE: NR HF may employ analog beamforming at the access point and the UE. In order to transmit and receive with analog beamforming, the analog direction needs to be known prior to transmission and reception (e.g., transmissions in the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)). In scheduled transmissions, knowing the analog direction is not a problem. However, in non-scheduled uplink transmissions (e.g., contention-based RACH transmissions or transmissions of grant-free uplink signals), not knowing the analog direction may require receiving the transmission with a wider analog beam at the access point with no analog beamforming gain or low analog beamforming gain. The use of wide analog beams should be reflected in the power level setting for uplink transmissions.

[0084] - Uplink CoMP: Uplink CoMP in NR may be similar to 3GPP LTE Rel-11 CoMP, but uplink CoMP may be encountered more frequently in NR. Therefore, uplink CoMP should be considered an important scenario for NR, especially in terms of uplink transmit power control. In 3GPP LTE Rel-11, the UE uses one uplink transmit power control setting based on the serving cell for all serving access points, so the received signal power level at some access points may be higher or lower than expected. The issue that needs to be considered is how to enhance the uplink transmit power control to better support uplink CoMP.

[0085] - Multiple parameter sets (numerology): UE can support multiple parameter sets, and there should be a discussion on how to set uplink transmission power control for different parameter sets. The parameter set can specify the subcarrier spacing, subframe or time slot or symbol duration, carrier bandwidth or bandwidth part of subband, CP length, carrier frequency, possible time or frequency configuration of SS block or burst, etc.

[0086] - Uplink beacon transmission without previously receiving a downlink transmission from a potential target access point: In NR, it may be useful to introduce a new uplink signal called an uplink beacon. An uplink beacon is sent by a UE to allow neighboring access points to discover the UE independent of the access point's downlink transmissions. In this scenario, the UE does not know the target of the uplink beacon, nor the PL estimate of the channel to the target. How the UE sets its uplink transmission power level is a topic of discussion.

[0087] -Dynamic TDD (D-TDD) may require further enhanced uplink transmission power level control to reduce UE-to-UE interference: D-TDD is a flexible and dynamic evolution of enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eMITA). The subframe set-dependent dual-loop uplink transmission power control enhancement introduced in eMITA may become insufficient, and the uplink transmission power control should be further enhanced when considering D-TDD.

[0088] The design or enhancement of uplink transmission power control may include:

[0089] - First, uplink transmission power control in 3GPP LTE, called fractional power control (FPC), provides a general framework that is expected to be applicable to any OFDM or single carrier OFDM (SC-OFDM) based communication system. The general form of UE transmission power can be expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] Where P(i) is the transmission power on the carrier (or cell, bandwidth part (BWP), etc.) for subframe i, P CMAX M(i) is the configured UE transmit power in subframe i for that carrier, M(i) is the bandwidth factor, P O is the open-loop power control offset parameter, α (or equivalently, alpha) is the open-loop power control scaling parameter, PL is the path loss estimate, Δ TF(i) is the MCS factor, and f(i) is the closed-loop power control adjustment state (or simply, loop state, loop condition, loop condition value, etc.). The UE transmit power fully reflects the UE maximum power, bandwidth allocation factor, open-loop power control, MCS factor, and closed-loop offset. Obviously, the UE transmit power is both comprehensive and flexible and can be used as a baseline for the architecture of uplink transmit power control in NR.

[0092] If accumulation is configured, that is, f(i) = f(i-1) + δ(iK), then δ is the closed-loop correction value (also called TPC command), and f(i) is the closed-loop power control adjustment state or cycle state. If accumulation is not configured, that is, absolute closed-loop power control, f(i) = δ(iK), then the closed-loop power control adjustment state or cycle state is δ or TPC command, and the cycle is actually memoryless. Multiple subframe sets can be configured, and each subframe set can use a set of open-loop power control parameters (i.e., α and P O ) and its own cyclic state. However, these subframe sets can share the same PL and δ (TPC command).

[0093] Figure 4 The power control parameters 400 in 3GPP LTE are shown. The power control parameters 400 in 3GPP LTE may include: PUSCH configured for CC (405), which includes parameters α (or equivalently, alpha), P for each PUSCH O , optional TPC resources and RNTI; PUCCH configured for CC (410), which includes parameters P for each PUCCH O , optional TPC resources and RNTI; and TPC resources and RNTI implicit in the DCI (415). It should be noted that the PL may not need to be configured (420). It should be noted that in 3GPP LTE, there is a strict relationship between the power control settings and the associated signals.

[0094] However, some changes or enhancements can be introduced in NR to handle the new scenarios described previously. Some options are listed for further consideration:

[0095] - No CRS for PL estimation: One option is that PL estimation can be based on DRS, SS, non-UE-dedicated downlink RS or other long-term downlink RS.

[0096] - Beam-based transmission or reception: PL estimation may be beam-based, i.e., beam-specific PL estimation may be used. Furthermore, narrow beam downlink RSs may not provide a robust estimate of the PL, and the associated high beamforming gain may cause the UE to underestimate the PL. Therefore, wide beam downlink RSs may be used for PL estimation, which may result in higher uplink transmission power levels than would be necessary if the transmission was narrow beamed. However, as mentioned previously, when using narrow beam transmissions, interference to other access points may not occur due to the narrow beam nature of the transmission.

[0097] -Analog beamforming at the access point or at the UE: To support unlicensed uplink transmissions, the access point may need to use wide analog beams, so uplink transmission power control for any unlicensed transmission cannot be based on narrow beam downlink RS. One option may be to use wide beam, long term downlink RS in PL estimation and use uplink transmission power control for all unlicensed uplink transmissions.

[0098] - Uplink CoMP: A potential enhancement could be to specify access point-specific uplink transmission power control settings for uplink CoMP. In other words, the UE applies different uplink transmission power control settings for different access points. This could also be generalized to cover multi-beam uplink transmissions.

[0099] - Multiple numerologies: For multiple numerologies, multiple uplink transmission power control settings may be provided. In other words, a UE utilizing multiple uplink parameter sets may need to support multiple numerologies-specific uplink transmission power control settings.

[0100] - Uplink transmission for which no downlink transmission was previously received: The UE may not be able to obtain a PL estimate. The serving access point may signal the PL estimate (or uplink transmission power) to the UE, which may be estimated by the access point based on, for example, the density of access points in the vicinity of the UE, any other auxiliary information, etc. This any other auxiliary information may be implementation dependent.

[0101] -D-TDD: More advanced techniques for determining UE-to-UE interference levels and for setting uplink transmission power levels may be considered. Due to the significant fluctuations in interference levels in the time domain, immediate and accurate measurements or sensing may be required, further enhancing uplink transmission power control for D-TDD.

[0102] Note that transmit power control in NR can be very complex and diverse. Therefore, a unified power control architecture is needed in NR. In addition to directly providing power control values, a power control setting may need to include mandatory elements and optional elements. According to an example embodiment, a power control setting may specify mandatory elements and one or more optional elements. The corresponding UE behavior is appropriately defined. Multiple power control settings may share some common elements.

[0103] In one embodiment, the first necessary element is the time, frequency, antenna, antenna port, beam or panel resource used for uplink transmission. Resources can be defined based on channels and signals such as PUSCH, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), sounding reference signal (SRS), RACH, etc. A type of channel or signal can correspond to one or more types of resources, depending on the properties of the channel or signal and the resources. Different types of uplink resources can use different power control settings. For example, PUSCH and PUCCH use different resources and have different properties, and therefore use different power control settings. For another example, PUSCH using persistent scheduling and PUSCH scheduled by DCI can have different P O values, and therefore may have different power control settings (although they may share the same α value). For another example, a PUSCH utilizing one beam may use a different power control setting than a PUSCH utilizing another beam, but if the corresponding receive beams on the receiving side (i.e., the network side) have certain QCL relationships, the power control settings may share some common elements. Similar distinctions apply to other channels and signals, such as PUCCH, SRS, RACH, and newly introduced signals or channels.

[0104] In one embodiment, the second necessary element is a parameter for determining the power level. The parameter mainly includes two types: semi-static power control parameters and dynamic power control parameters. Semi-static power control parameters are usually necessary for determining the power level, including α and P O (which may be a target received power level) or equivalent, which is usually referred to as an open-loop power control parameter. The power increase value may also be incorporated as a semi-static power control parameter. In some cases, a transmission power level or reference factor may be specified so that the UE can determine the transmission power based thereon. The semi-static power control parameter may be configured (or specified) to the UE via RRC signaling.

[0105] Dynamic power control parameters include cycle state, closed-loop TPC commands, and bandwidth or MCS adjustment factors. TPC commands can be absolute or cumulative in nature. In existing systems, TPC commands can be 1 or 2 bits for PUSCH, PUCCH or SRS, and 3 bits for message 3 PUSCH in the RACH process. TPC commands are usually carried in DCI, but in the case of RACH, TPC commands are carried in random access responses (RAR). TPC commands can be used for closed-loop adjustment and can help set the exact transmission power level. However, TPC commands may not appear in all power control settings. The cycle state can determine how many power control cycles (i.e., closed loops) are configured for the UE and how many power control cycles need to be maintained. For absolute TPC commands, the cycle state is equal to the TPC command and is memoryless. Otherwise, the cycle state is the cumulative sum (integer) of the TPC commands associated with the cycle. In 3GPP LTE, the cycle state does not require any configuration signaling, but the cycle state is specified in a simple form in the 3GPP LTE technical standard, and the association of the cycle state with other elements is also specified in the 3GPP LTE technical standard. However, in NR, the cycle state may need to be associated with other elements in a more complex way. For example, in order to achieve flexibility, configuration signaling for the cycle state may need to be designed. Some associations may still be defined in the associated technical standards, but some may be configured in RRC signaling, and in the most flexible case, when the cycle state will be used for uplink transmission and which cycle state will be used for uplink transmission can be specified in MAC or PHY signaling. One embodiment is to use TPC commands to provide information about which cycle state to use in the DCI (for example, by specifying a cycle state index).

[0106] Another element is the PL estimation used in power control. The PL estimation can be generated based on the downlink RS or uplink RS or even in the absence of RS. Based on the RS, the receiver can obtain the reference signal received power (RSRP) value. Then, by removing the transmit power (TxP) associated with the RS, the PL estimation can be obtained. For example, PL = TxP per port - RSRP, where TxP per port is usually the reference signal power for the associated RS or SS signaled to the UE. When the RS uses multiple antenna ports, panels, etc., RSRP per port should be used, and TxP per port should be signaled from the transmitting side to the receiving side (otherwise, if the total TxP is signaled, the number of ports should also be signaled). This should be applied to all RS or signals in the PL estimation, such as SS (especially SSS), physical broadcast channel (PBCH) demodulation reference signal (DMRS), CSI-RS, PDSCH DMRS (if used for RSRP calculation), uplink signals used for estimating PL by the network. Typically, the number of ports of the RS can be signaled to the receiver. Therefore, if the receiver receives RSs from multiple ports of the RS, the receiver can correctly determine the PL estimate using the corresponding per-port TxP. Note that the ports in the first RS can actually be layers or streams formed by multiple ports of the second RS, and the transmitter must: adjust the power so that the per-port TxP of the first RS is equal to the per-port TxP of the second RS; or, signal the per-port TxP of the first RS and the per-port TxP of the second RS to the receiver. In one embodiment, when no PL estimate is available, power increase can be performed starting from an initial small power value.

[0107] An example PUSCH PC setting may be configured as follows. The network configures PUSCH on a component carrier (CC) or BWP associated with an access point and specifies the time or frequency resource allocation for PUSCH using DCI or RRC. The network configures semi-static power control parameters α and P for DCI-triggered PUSCH. O , configure another set of semi-static power control parameters α and P for semi-persistent PUSCH O. The network configures a closed-loop TPC command for the PC setting, such as a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) associated with the group DCI and TPC command bit allocation information for the PC setting for the power control setting configuration within the group DCI. If the DCI is dedicated to the UE, the TPC command configuration may also be specified in the standard specification. The cycle state is specified independently of the PUCCH and independently of the PUSCH on subframe set 2 in TDD, etc. In other words, the UE may have 3 cycles that need to be maintained: 1) PUSCH (on subframe set 1 in TDD), 2) PUCCH, and 3) PUSCH on subframe set 2 in TDD. The network configures several downlink RS sets, configures one of them (e.g., CSI-RS) for the power control setting, and signals the UE to notify the UE of the TxP per port. The UE then uses the CSI-RS to make a per-port RSRP measurement (if there are multiple ports, the first port can be used, or the RSRP of all ports can be determined and the average RSRP can be used as the per-port RSRP) and subtracts the RSRP from the per-port TxP to get the PL estimate associated with the CSI-RS and thus the power control setting. The PL estimate and the open-loop PC parameters are used to generate an open-loop power control value. This value can be further updated based on the TPC value and bandwidth factor associated with the PUSCH transmission, and this value is applied to the PUSCH transmission.

[0108] The above power control setting method can be easily extended to multiple PUSCH power control settings, one or more PUCCH power control settings, one or more SRS power control settings, and, with appropriate modifications, one or more PRACH power control settings. Multiple power control settings may be required for one type of channel (e.g., PUSCH) due to the following factors: multiple carriers at the UE or at the network, bandwidth parts, cells, cell groups, access points, and transmit beams, receive beams at the UE or at the network, transmit panels at the UE or at the network, receive panels at the UE or at the network, number of transmit or receive antenna ports at the UE or at the network, RS, parameter sets (numerology), interference conditions, duplexing, resource allocation in different subframes, subframe types or time slot types, etc.

[0109] When such multiple power control settings are defined, each power control setting is defined separately and associated with a corresponding uplink signal in a corresponding CC and beam, etc. For example, an access point may configure an uplink signal (e.g., PUSCH) for a CC and beam for a UE. The access point then configures power control parameters and resources for the signal, such as configuring α and P for the signal on the CC and beam. OIf the PUSCH is semi-persistent signalled (SPS), triggered by DCI or ungranted, the first group α and P O is configured for SPS, the second set of α and P O Configured for PUSCH triggered by DCI, the third group α and P O Configured for unlicensed PUSCH. Then, for PUSCH on another CC or on another CC and another beam, the access point also configures power control parameters and resources. A similar process is repeated for other signals (e.g., PUCCH, SRS, RACH, UL beacon, etc.) and other uplink channels, uplink resources, uplink configurations, uplink settings, etc. Alternatively, the configuration may be: one or more signals are configured for each CC, and then for each signal, multiple power control parameters and resources are configured for each type (SPS, DCI triggered or unlicensed, with other signals or without other signals, etc.), and parameter sets (numerology) are configured for each beam, etc., and this operation is further repeated for other CCs, etc.

[0110] Accordingly, in the downlink, the network configures or specifies a downlink SS or RS for a CC or beam, configures or specifies RSRP measurement based on the downlink SS or RS for the CC or beam, and signals the per-port TxP of the downlink SS RS for the CC or beam. Note that not all downlink SS or RS and associated RSRP need to be configured for the UE, because the UE may be able to discover the SS or RS according to a technical standard or predefined protocol (e.g., PSS, SSS, DRS, Layer 3 CSI-RS, etc.). The UE then obtains a PL estimate for the CC or beam. Then, if an uplink signal is to be transmitted, the PL estimate per CC or the PL estimate per beam is used. For example, if an uplink signal is to be sent on a CC associated with a beam, where the beam may be an uplink beam (e.g., obtained via a beam management process) or a downlink beam for a downlink RS or SS, the per-CC and per-beam PL estimates associated with the uplink beam or downlink beam are used to set the power for the uplink signal.

[0111] In the example configurations presented previously, TPC resources and parameters may be optionally configured. If group DCI for TPC commands is not used, TPC resources and parameters may not need to be explicitly configured. For DCI dedicated to the UE to trigger PUSCH or SRS or schedule PDSCH with ACK or NACK in PUSCH, etc., TPC command bits are already included as defined in the technical standard specifications. However, in order to achieve greater flexibility, group DCI for TPC commands can be used. In this case, the UE may need to be configured with a TPC RNTI for the DCI and the bit position within the DCI.

[0112] The cycle state may also be optionally configured. For absolute TPC commands, the cycle state may not be explicitly configured. In the case of TPC command accumulation, for example, if one TPC command configuration is associated with one type of uplink transmission and a common cycle state is used for all such transmissions, it may sometimes not be necessary to configure the cycle state. However, multiple cycle states may also be specified, even for the same TPC command and each cycle state performs accumulation separately. Each cycle state may be maintained by the UE and will be updated upon receipt of the next TPC command associated with the cycle or cycle state (the next TPC command may be specified in RRC, MAC or PHY signaling or in a technical standard specification).

[0113] Multiple TPC commands with different parameters or configurations may be assigned to the same cycle or cycle state to reduce cycle overhead. A set of TPC command parameters or configurations may be assigned to multiple cycles or cycle states to reduce TPC overhead. Although the relationship between a cycle or cycle state and its associated TPC command may be complex and there are many different mappings, in the example embodiments given herein, for simplicity, the cycle or cycle state and its associated TPC command may be used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. The cycle or cycle state and its associated TPC command may be referred to as closed-loop PC parameters.

[0114] An example embodiment related to configuring multiple power control settings may be as follows:

[0115] - The network configures multiple groups of downlink RSs and sends the downlink RSs for reception by the UE. The access point of the network may also send SSs (configuration signaling may not be required), and the UE receives the SSs. The downlink RSs and SSs include elements of power control settings.

[0116] - The network configures one or more uplink transmissions and their associated resources. The one or more uplink transmissions and associated resources comprise another element of a power control setting.

[0117] - The network configures resources and parameters for multiple closed-loop TPC commands. The network configures multiple sets of parameters for semi-static power control. To limit complexity, the maximum number of sets of semi-static or open-loop power control parameters may be set to a first predefined limit, and the maximum number of sets of dynamic or closed-loop power control parameters may be set to a second predefined limit, which may be the same as or different from the first predefined limit. Note that the second predefined limit may be less than the first predefined limit, as maintaining multiple power control cycles may be more complex.

[0118] - A power control setting may be configured by: specifying one or more uplink elements configured to the UE, specifying one or more sets of open loop power control parameters to the UE, optionally specifying one or more closed loop power control parameters to the UE, and specifying parameters or configurations for obtaining a PL estimate to the UE, wherein the PL is associated with the RSRP from the downlink RS. Multiple power control settings may be configured.

[0119] - To simplify power control settings or their signaling: Downlink RS (or associated RSRP measurements) may be indexed, open loop power control parameters may be indexed, closed loop power control parameters may be indexed and used in the power control settings configuration. Power control settings may also be indexed. Uplink signals, transmissions or resources may also be indexed and used in the configuration of power control settings. Alternatively, no indexing may be used for different elements, but power control settings may be configured for each different element.

[0120] An example embodiment related to configuring multiple power control settings may be as follows:

[0121] - The network configures multiple sets of resources and parameters for multiple closed-loop TPC commands and open-loop power control parameters, and the maximum number of power controls is fixed to limit complexity. The network configures multiple sets of parameters for semi-static power control that may be different from existing power control configurations, and closed-loop and open-loop power control parameters and configurations may not be specified when configuring uplink transmissions. Instead, closed-loop and open-loop power control parameters and configurations may be specified independently of the uplink signal configuration, and the closed-loop and open-loop power control parameters and configurations are linked to the uplink signal configuration and optionally to the RS configuration. When this linking is provided, the power control settings are defined.

[0122] - A set of open loop power control parameters may be linked to one or more sets of RSs. A set of closed loop power control parameters may be linked to one or more sets of RSs. A set of open loop power control parameters may be linked to one or more sets of uplink transmission resources. A set of closed loop power control parameters may be linked to one or more sets of uplink transmission resources. It should be noted that many combinations can be achieved by this flexible way of linking elements to define multiple power control settings.

[0123] - A power control parameter set may be indexed with a unique identifier, each identifier being configured for one or more uplink signals and optionally one or more RS for PL estimation. Here, the downlink RS (or associated RSRP measurement) may also be indexed. In other words, for an uplink signal, if a power control parameter index is provided and optionally a downlink RS or RSRP index is provided, the power control setting is defined. This may be performed in: RRC configuration signaling, MAC signaling, and PHY DCI, where the PHY DCI is used to trigger (directly or indirectly, such as ACK or NACK) an uplink signal or to provide information about a TPC command.

[0124] In an example embodiment, the DCI may provide information about power control of the PUSCH of the UE on the CC and, together with the TPC command for the PUSCH (i.e., the PUSCH on the CC of the UE), the index of the open-loop power control parameter set is specified, and optionally, the downlink RS or RSRP index is also specified. This specifies the power control setting for the UE to use for subsequent or corresponding PUSCH power control. The DCI may be a group DCI (e.g., an RNTI associated with the PUSCH of the UE on the CC) or a UE-specific DCI for uplink grants. If the PUSCH has multiple types (e.g., a wide-beam PUSCH or a narrow-beam PUSCH, a first parameter set PUSCH or a second parameter set PUSCH, etc.), information about the type also needs to be provided in the associated DCI (unless the UE can determine the type based on an implicit link with the downlink RS or RSRP (e.g., a wide-beam downlink RS or a narrow-beam downlink RS received by the UE using a wide or narrow beam, respectively) or RNTI, CRC, DCI format, or an open-loop power control parameter set). This may similarly apply to PUCCH, SRS, PRACH or other signals.

[0125] In an example embodiment, the DCI may provide information about power control of the PUSCH of the UE on the CC and together with the TPC command for the PUSCH (i.e., the PUSCH on the CC of the UE), optionally, the downlink RS or RSRP index may also be specified. The TPC command is configured to be associated with an open-loop power control parameter set or multiple open-loop power control parameter sets (the determination of which one to use will be described below). This specifies the power control setting for the UE for subsequent or corresponding PUSCH power control. The DCI may be a group DCI (e.g., an RNTI associated with the PUSCH of the UE on the CC) or a UE-specific DCI for uplink authorization. The network may configure several closed-loop power control parameter sets for the UE, and each group is associated with one (or more) open-loop power control parameter sets. Each closed-loop power control parameter set is also associated with one or more uplink signals, channels, or resources. When the UE detects the corresponding DCI, the UE will know which closed-loop power control parameter set will be applied. If there are multiple types of PUSCH (e.g. wide beam PUSCH or narrow beam PUSCH, first parameter set PUSCH or second parameter set PUSCH, etc.), and if certain types are associated with different open-loop power control parameter sets, information about the type also needs to be provided in the associated DCI (unless the UE can determine the type based on an implicit link with the downlink RS or RSRP (e.g., the UE uses a wide beam downlink RS or a narrow beam downlink RS received with a wide or narrow beam) or RNTI, CRC, DCI format, or open-loop power control parameter set). If none of these are used to determine which open-loop power control parameter set to use, then the open-loop power control parameter set index selected by the network for PUSCH may need to be explicitly signaled. The index may be specific to each closed-loop power control parameter set, in which case different closed-loop power control parameter sets are assigned their own open-loop power control parameter sets, or the index may be common to all closed-loop power control parameter sets. This may be similarly applied to PUCCH, SRS, PRACH, or other signals.

[0126] In an example embodiment, some of the associations are not specified with the TPC command to help reduce DCI overhead. For example, which PL estimate to use for which type of which uplink signal can be specified in RRC or MAC signaling or by a technical standard. In an example embodiment, all first type PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS (e.g., wide beam, such as PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS associated with SS reception or layer 3 CSI-RS) will use the same PL estimate (e.g., PL estimate obtained from SS or layer 3 CSI-RS). In another example embodiment, all second type PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS (e.g., narrow beam, such as PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS associated with CSI-RS for PUSCH CSI measurement, CSI-RS for beam management, CSI-RS for layer 1 RSRP) will use the same PL estimate (e.g., PL estimate obtained from the associated CSI-RS). This can also be considered as a QCL relationship in terms of beam width (or beamforming level, beamforming gain, etc.), that is, uplink signals, channels or resources are sent and received on ports that are quasi-colocated (QCL) with antenna ports that receive and send some downlink signals, channels or resources. In another example embodiment, all uplink and downlink signals are grouped, wherein at least one group of uplink or downlink signals is used or can be used before a beam management or optimization process or without the result of a beam management or refinement process, and at least one group of uplink or downlink signals is used based on the result of a beam management or refinement process. The signals within a group have a QCL relationship in terms of beam width. For example, the above-mentioned first group can all be based on SS beams, signals or ports or layer 3 CSI-RS beams, or signals or ports of a serving cell or quasi-colocated (QCL) with SS beams, signals or ports or layer 3 CSI-RS beams, or signals or ports of a serving cell. For example, the latter group may be based on or quasi-colocated (QCL) with a CSI-RS beam, signal, or port for CSI measurement or beam management or Layer 1 RSRP, where the beam used may be narrower than that of the former group due to beam management producing a finer data beam.

[0127] These associations or relationships may be standardized or configured to the UE by the network so that these associations or relationships do not have to be signaled to the UE using MAC or PHY signaling. If a type of signal (e.g., PUSCH, SRS, or PUCCH) is allocated in more than one group, the network may need to configure or provide information about which group to select before transmitting the signal. One example embodiment utilizes a group index and signals the index. Another example embodiment utilizes a QCL or reference port or transmission relationship, where the signal is specified to be quasi-colocated (QCL) or associated with another signal, reference port, or transmission in the uplink or downlink. It should be noted that for the sake of brevity, the terms "wide", "wider", "narrow", "narrower" beams may be used throughout the text and may be more precisely understood as defined above. Similarly, the term "multiple beams" may be understood as beam pairs (i.e., associated Tx beams and Rx beam pairs) based on the context, or sometimes referred to as beam pair links (BPL). Beams can also be understood as spatial QCL hypotheses that link a given transmission to another signal (eg RS and SS).

[0128] In an example embodiment, the first power control setting shares some parameters and configurations of the second power control setting, including α, P O and TPC commands, but an additional offset is configured in the open-loop power control parameter set. For example, for multiple PUSCHs with different beamwidths to the same TRP, a first PUSCH with a narrower beam can be configured as an offset version of a second PUSCH with a wider beam. For example, one PUSCH can be associated (e.g., grouped) with an SS or Layer 3 CSI-RS and power control settings specified. Another PUSCH can be associated (e.g., grouped) with another CSI-RS, where the CSI-RS is quasi-co-located with the SS or Layer 3 CSI-RS (e.g., in terms of average delay and Doppler shift, or other weak QCL properties) or the CSI-RS serves as a fine beam of the SS or Layer 3 CSI-RS. The subsequent PUSCH can be specified to reuse the parameters of the power control settings of the previous PUSCH, but an offset is applied. The offset can be signaled from the network to the UE via RRC, MAC, or PHY signaling, such as when the beam management process is completed.

[0129] The offset can be based on the difference between the Layer 1 CSI-RS RSRP and the Layer 3 RSRP, or based on the difference between the Layer 1 PL and the Layer 3 PL calculated by the network (there may be an additional offset determined by the network, or an additional scaling such as α set by the PUSCH power control). The offset can also be calculated by the UE based on the difference between the Layer 1 CSI-RS RSRP and the Layer 3 RSRP. The effect of the offset can be to adjust the PUSCH power so that the power spectral density at the receiver side can be more uniform for different PUSCH transmissions.

[0130] For another example, open-loop power control parameters are configured for a PUSCH with default (reference) settings, and additional offsets are configured for a PUSCH with other settings. In one embodiment, the PUSCH may generally use a default parameter set (e.g., 15 kHz at a lower frequency or 120 kHz at a higher frequency), a default waveform (e.g., DFT-S-FDM), a default format (e.g., in an uplink timeslot), a default beamwidth, etc., and be configured with default open-loop power control parameters such as α and P O .

[0131] Additional offsets are applied when using different parameter sets (e.g., 30 kHz at lower frequencies or 240 kHz at higher frequencies), different waveforms (e.g., OFDM), different formats (e.g., in mini-slots, downlink-uplink slots, etc.), different beamwidths (e.g., wider beamwidths), etc. Additional offsets may typically be configured in RRC signaling for different scenarios. Additional offsets may also be signaled in, e.g., MAC or PHY when signaling that parameter sets, waveforms, formats, etc. are to be changed. The latter may be more flexible but requires more signaling overhead in fast timescales.

[0132] In one embodiment, the two types of PUSCH (and some other types of signals) described above can share the same PC settings, except for the associated RS, RSRP, or PL. L3 CSI-RS, RSRP, or PL is used for one type, and another type uses another PL generated from another set of RS or RSRP, such as CSI-RS for L1. No offset is required because the offset is already accounted for in the PL estimation difference. The PL for a particular PUSCH is specified or determined as described elsewhere in this specification.

[0133] In one embodiment, the two types of PUSCH described previously (and some other types of signals) may share the same power control settings, except for the associated RS, RSRP, or PL. Layer 3 CSI-RS, RSRP, or PL is used for one type of PUSCH, and another type of PUSCH uses another PL generated from another set of RS or RSRP, such as using CSI-RS for Layer 1. No offset is needed because the offset is already accounted for in the PL estimation difference. The PL for a particular PUSCH is specified or determined as described herein.

[0134] In one embodiment, the two types of PUSCH described previously (as well as some other types of signals) can share the same power control settings. This results in different receiver-side power spectral densities, but since the network can know this in advance, different link adaptations (i.e., MCS level, rank, resource allocation, etc.) can be used to take full advantage.

[0135] In one embodiment, multiple power control settings share a set of closed-loop power control configurations. In order for the network to adjust power for different signals, TPC commands with a potentially wider range of power control adjustment values ​​may be used. Cumulative TPC commands may not be applicable in this case unless, for example, one type of signal will be transmitted for a relatively long time without other types of signals being transmitted. In more general cases, absolute TPC commands should be used for these different types of signals. In order to expand the range of TPC commands, 2 bits or even 3 bits (as defined in RAR) or even more bits may be used. Another way not to increase the DCI bit width is to signal to the UE that different power control resolutions are applied. Multiple groups of power control resolutions (e.g., 2 bits) can be predefined and indexed, and one of them can be selected for the UE for one or more power control settings. The network can also modify the resolution by signaling a new index to a group of UEs or a single UE with RRC, MAC, or PHY signaling. The advantage of this is that no additional DCI formats need to be defined, but new interpretations of defined DCI formats are allowed through appropriate signaling.

[0136] In one embodiment, two cycles of TPC command configurations are defined. One of the TPC command configurations is used for accumulation, i.e., for adding to the current cycle state and being carried to the next instance, while the other TPC command is not used for accumulation, i.e., applied once at the current moment. For example, f1(i)=f(i-1)+δ1(iK), f2(i)=f1(i)+δ2(iK), where δ1 is accumulated and δ2 is not, and the UE only maintains f1(i); f2 is derived from f1 and δ2, and f2 is used to obtain a power control value. This helps multiple types of signals share the same common cycle or cycle state, i.e., f1(i) and δ2 can be different for different signals, which avoids unwanted interactions between signals.

[0137] In one embodiment, the access point, TRP, cell, carrier, or bandwidth portion to which the UE is connected may not have any SS or Layer 3 CSI-RS seen by the UE. In this case, the UE may be connected to the TRP, cell, carrier, or bandwidth portion through an uplink mobility procedure or a non-persistent SS or Layer 3 CSI-RS configured for the UE, and after the connection is established, the narrow beams that are more directly related to data transmission are maintained. The UE may then need to rely only on CSI-RS for CSI or beam management, and rely on Layer 1 RSRP, etc. for downlink RSRP and PL estimation. In other words, all uplink transmissions associated with the access point, TRP, cell, carrier, or bandwidth portion may be of narrow beamwidth, and uplink power control for these transmissions is based on the corresponding PL estimates.

[0138] In one embodiment, the access point, TRP, cell, carrier, or bandwidth portion connected to the UE sends SS or Layer 3 CSI-RS (which may also be configurable and non-periodic to the UE), and the access point, TRP, cell, carrier, or bandwidth portion connected to the UE is seen by the UE even after the UE and TRP have selected a narrow beam for higher rate data transmission. In other words, the UE maintains multiple beams of different beam widths to the same access point (although the UE may not necessarily know whether they are from the same access point, the UE knows certain QCL relationships between them). In this case, the uplink transmission can be wide beam or narrow beam. Wide beams are suitable for the robustness of beam connections, while narrow beams are suitable for higher data rates. Therefore, narrow beams may be preferred for data transmission in the uplink, while wide beams may be preferred for control or other transmissions. If both are supported by the signal, the beam type needs to be specified as described above.

[0139] However, for precise downlink beamforming and rank, MCS or SRS for resource allocation, a narrow beam associated with the PDSCH may be preferred, otherwise a wide beam may be used. The UE may distinguish or be signaled to distinguish these cases and apply corresponding power control. In one embodiment, in a deployment of different signals using different beams (e.g., different beam widths or different beam directions), each signal is configured with a power control setting, including open-loop power control parameters, closed-loop power control parameters and their respective downlink RSs. In one embodiment, in a deployment of different signals using different beams (e.g., different beam widths or different beam directions), some signals may be configured with a common open-loop power control parameter and closed-loop power control parameter set, but each is configured with a different downlink RS for PL estimation. In one embodiment, in a deployment of different signals using different beams (e.g., different beam widths or different beam directions), some signals may be configured with a common open-loop power control parameter set, but each is configured with a different closed-loop power control parameter and downlink RS for PL estimation. In one embodiment, in a deployment of different signals using different beams (e.g., different beam widths or different beam directions), some signals may be configured with a common set of closed-loop power control parameters and downlink RS for PL estimation, but each may be configured with different open-loop power control parameters. These and the above embodiments may be used in different scenarios and constitute beam-specific power control. Similar designs may be made for power control specific to a parameter set, specific to a subframe set, specific to a waveform, etc.

[0140] In one embodiment, the PL estimate is obtained on the network side. This can be used for uplink-based mobility, uplink beacons, carriers or bandwidth parts (where there is no downlink for the UE), or for carriers or bandwidth parts where uplink or downlink asymmetry is severe or reciprocity does not hold. Uplink power control must rely on the uplink RS for PL estimation on the network side and then signaled to the UE. For initial power control, the UE can be configured with an initial power value to use and power increase can be used. If a connection has not been established, the power increase can be autonomous, similar to conventional RACH power control, except that conventional RACH is configured with an initial target power and PL estimation can be performed in the downlink, while the signal can be configured with an initial transmission power. The same power increase configuration used for conventional RACH power control can be reused here. Note that the signal can be a new special form of RACH. If a connection is not established, the power increase can be based on the TPC command in the downlink. Accumulated TPC can be used. In addition, 3 or more bits can be used for TPC commands. In either case, when the network receives the signal with sufficient PL estimation accuracy, it can signal the PL value to the UE so that the UE can use this value to set other power control settings. Note that the UE needs to signal the per-port TxP associated with a successful transmission (which is defined as a transmission confirmed by the network) to the network for PL estimation. Alternatively, the network can signal the RSRP to the UE and the UE determines the PL estimate based on this TxP for successful transmissions. This PL estimate can be combined into other embodiments of the PL estimation element.

[0141] In one embodiment, for UEs on a carrier or bandwidth portion of an access point, the maximum number of dynamic or closed-loop power control parameter sets is predetermined according to a technical standard. In 3GPP LTE, the maximum number of groups (although not pre-specified) is actually 2, one for PUSCH, one for PUCCH or one for SRS on a carrier without PUSCH. It may be more complicated in NR, and in order to limit the complexity, it may be necessary to standardize the maximum number of groups. To address various forms of transmission in the uplink, one possible value is 4 (but other values ​​are also possible). In the case where this maximum value is insufficient to provide full flexibility for all forms of uplink transmission, UEs must share a closed-loop power control parameter set (e.g., TPC commands, RNTI, and bit allocation) between multiple power control settings as discussed herein, through additional offsets, additional bits in TPC commands, variable resolution of TPC commands, etc. Similarly, in an embodiment for UEs on a carrier or bandwidth portion of an access point, the maximum number of semi-static or open-loop power control parameter sets is predetermined according to a technical standard, although this value may be greater than the maximum number of groups for closed-loop power control.

[0142] In one embodiment, the PL estimate is adjusted based on the known number of Tx antenna ports, panels, layers, etc. used for the RS. If the TxP per port (or per layer) is not signaled to the receiver, the total TxP needs to be signaled, or the number of antenna ports, panels, layers, etc. used for the RS needs to be signaled. On this basis, the RSRP and PL per port can be determined. This may be useful if the number of antenna ports, panels, layers, etc. used for RS or transmission changes more dynamically than in 3GPP LTE, such as for beam management and different forms of CSI (e.g., CSI-RS with multi-layer precoding). If the total TxP remains the same for different RSs with different numbers of antenna ports, the TxP per port changes. In this case, the total TxP and the number of ports or layers can be used. However, if the TxP per port or layer remains unchanged, the total TxP may change depending on the number of ports, panels, or layers used.

[0143] In one embodiment, a UE utilizing analog beamforming (ABF) receives a downlink RS for PL estimation using a receive antenna ABF that corresponds to the transmit ABF. The UE may have limited antenna capabilities in uplink transmission compared to downlink reception. For example, in downlink reception the UE may have 2 RF chains and form a fairly narrow receive beam, associated with a higher antenna gain and therefore an effective low PL. However, for uplink transmission, the UE may have 1 RF chain and may form a wider transmit beam (which does not have to be as wide as the initial RACH beam but is still wider than its receive beam), which will result in a lower antenna gain and therefore an effective higher PL. For this, adjustments may be made and compensated for based on the UE's estimate of the difference in beamforming gain in the downlink and uplink.

[0144] However, for some UEs, such an estimate may not be available. Thus, if the received signals associated with different RF chains can be separated, the UE can extract the received signals associated with the RF chain associated with the transmission. In other words, the UE simulates the ABF in the uplink using the ABF in the downlink. This can be generalized to, for example, different numbers of antennas in the uplink or downlink (different numbers of antennas cause differences in antenna beamforming gain). The downlink reception conditions of the UE are made similar to the uplink transmission conditions, but such simulation is not required on antennas or RF chains not used for the uplink. Note that the simulation here does not require the UE to receive the RS with one antenna or one RF chain; all can be used in the downlink, except that the signal on one antenna or RF chain is extracted for PL estimation. This may need to be specified as UE behavior in the technical standard or in testing.

[0145] In one embodiment, the SS (e.g., SSS) TxP is signaled to the UE. In 3GPP LTE, SS is not used for PL estimation (CRS is used), and the SS TxP is not signaled (CRS reference signal power is signaled). In NR, the UE can use SSS (or alternatively, DMRS in the associated PBCH) for SS-RSRP measurement, and then generate PL estimates based on SS-RSRP and SS TxP measurements. In one embodiment, the TxP per RE (i.e., linear average over all SSS REs) of the SSS is signaled. If the subcarrier spacing is not fixed in the technical standard, the TxP per RE or per unit bandwidth can be signaled (e.g., 15KHz at low frequency, even if 30KHz can be used for subcarriers). The SSS can be quasi-colocated (QCL) with the PSS, so the SSS TxP can be specified as the PSS TxP of the QCL or the average TxP in the SS block (including PSS and SSS). The SSS can be quasi-co-located with the DMRS in the PBCH. The DMRS can also be used for SS-RSRP, and if the per-port per-RE TxP of the DMRS is signaled to the UE, the UE can also use the RSRP associated with the DMRS for PL estimation. In the case where the power per RE per port of the DMRS is not the same as the SSS power per RE, the UE may need to account for the difference in RSRP determination and PL estimation and convert the result obtained from the DMRS based on the SSS power. In any of the above embodiments, the power can be signaled in the PBCH or minimum system information. It will be useful if the RACH configuration is also signaled in the PBCH or minimum system information, so that the UE can perform RACH after decoding the PBCH or minimum system information. Alternatively, the power can be signaled in other SIBs, such as SIB2 in 3GPP LTE, where the RACH configuration and reference signal power are signaled.

[0146] Figure 5 A first example power control parameter 500 for an NR communication system is shown. The power control parameter 500 for the NR communication system is based on 3GPP LTE and may include two elements. The first element 505 includes power control parameters for uplink signals, such as parameters α (alpha), P for each uplink signal of the first type (e.g., PUSCH), and P. O , optional TPC resources and RNTI; parameters α (alpha), P for each uplink signal of the second type (eg, PUCCH) O, optional TPC resources and RNTI; and TPC resources and RNTI implicit in the DCI. The first element 505 includes power control parameters for each configured uplink signal. The second element 510 includes parameters for PL measurement (such as parameters of a downlink reference signal for channel measurement) and reference signal transmission power for a CC or beam. The second element 510 includes parameters for PL measurement for each PL measurement to be performed.

[0147] Figure 6 A second example power control parameter 600 for an NR communication system is shown. The power control parameter 600 for an NR communication system is based on 3GPP LTE and may include two elements and add support for beams. The first element 605 includes power control parameters for uplink signals, such as: parameters α (alpha), P for each uplink signal of the first type (e.g., PUSCH), and P for each uplink signal of the first type (e.g., PUSCH). O , optional TPC resources and RNTI; parameters α (alpha), P for each uplink signal of the second type (eg, PUCCH) O , optional TPC resources and RNTI; parameters α (alpha) for each uplink signal (for each used beam), P O , optional TPC resources and RNTI; and TPC resources and RNTI implicit in the DCI. The first element 605 includes power control parameters for each configured uplink signal. The second element 610 includes parameters for PL measurement (such as parameters of a downlink reference signal for channel measurement), and reference signal transmission power for a CC or beam. The second element 610 includes parameters for PL measurement for each beam used, for each PL measurement to be performed.

[0148] Figure 7 A third example power control parameter 700 for an NR communication system is shown. The power control parameter 700 is divided into a plurality of groups specifying power control settings. The elements of each group may be configured to specify power control settings. Figure 7 As shown, there are four groups: Group A 705, Group B 710, Group C 715, and Group D 720. Group A 705, referred to as an uplink signal or resource group, includes parameters for specifying an uplink signal, and the group can be defined for different CCs or beams. Group B 710, referred to as an RS or SS group for PL measurement, includes parameters for PL measurement, and the group can be defined for different CCs or beams. Group C 715, referred to as an open-loop configuration or parameter set group, includes power control parameters for different CCs or beams (including α (alpha), P OGroup D 720, referred to as a closed-loop configuration or parameter set group, includes parameters for loop state, TPC, RNTI, etc.

[0149] Separating the power control parameters 700 into multiple groups allows for adding additional parameters or additional parameter values ​​for additional signals, beams, etc. in a subset of the groups without affecting the parameters in other groups. Signaling of the parameters may also require less overhead due to the smaller number of parameters or parameter values ​​per group, thus requiring, for example, smaller index values. Differentiated signaling may also be used to reduce signaling overhead. For example, a common set of power control parameters from a subset of the group may be signaled to all UEs of a UE group, whereas power control parameters that are different for each UE may be signaled only to individual UEs of the UE group, rather than having to signal a complete set of power control parameters to each UE of the UE group.

[0150] In one embodiment, the elements of the group of power control parameters 700 may be configured using RRC. In one embodiment, the power control settings may be specified using MAC, PHY, or DCI signaling (implying that there are no predefined power control settings), and the DCI dynamically provides information about which power control setting to use. In one embodiment, the DCI dynamically provides information about the power control parameters of group C 715 or group D 720.

[0151] Although this discussion describes specifying power control settings by specifying one or more power control parameters from each of the four groups, power control settings may be specified by specifying power control parameters from a subset of the four groups. For example, default values ​​may be configured for certain groups. In this case, it is not necessary to specify default values. In fact, specifying default values ​​may result in additional signaling overhead. For example, default α values ​​and P values ​​may be configured. O The UE may then use the default values ​​for group A 705 and group B 710 and the default cycle state, TPC and RNTI. Then, only the power control parameters from group A 705 and group B 710 need to be signaled to the UE, and the UE will use the default values ​​from group C 715 and group D 720. Note that each group may have a default value. In addition, each group may have multiple default values. In this case, the UE will select the default value based on, for example, a specified power control parameter from another group.

[0152] Figure 8 The relationship between the downlink beam and the uplink beam for power control is shown in FIG800. Figure 8 As shown, there is a relationship 815 between the SS beam and the initial RACH beam. Similarly, there is a relationship 820 between the layer 3 CSI-RS beam and other RACH beams. Figure 8The downlink beam and uplink beam shown in FIG. 1 having a relationship with each other may be referred to as BPLs. These BPLs may also be referred to as quasi-colocated beams or having a QCL relationship.

[0153] How to measure and define the transmission power is another aspect of power control and power headroom report (PHR). Total radiated power is a conducted measure that measures the amount of power radiated by an antenna in all directions. The total radiated power can usually be measured at the antenna connector and can be considered as the output power of the antenna's power amplifier (PA). The total radiated power can also be referred to as UE output power. To avoid confusion with TRP (transmit receive point), the total radiated power is represented by the acronym TORP (TOtal Radiate Power). However, in the literature, TRP is a common acronym for total radiated power.

[0154] Effective Isotropic Radiate Power (EIRP) or Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power is a radiation metric that measures the amount of power radiated by an antenna in a single direction, which includes directivity (the beamforming gain of a directional antenna in that direction). EIRP cannot be measured at the antenna connector and is usually measured over-the-air (OTA). The peak EIRP, usually the EIRP along the antenna boresight (the axis of maximum gain for a directional antenna, usually the antenna's axis of symmetry), is obtained by the maximum TORP output of the UE's PA and the maximum antenna gain along the boresight (e.g., by applying a DFT codeword along the boresight), and can be determined as

[0155] EIRP max_boresight =TORP max +G max_boresight (1)

[0156] Among them, TORP max is the maximum TORP, G max_boresight is the maximum antenna gain along the boresight. Equation (1) is for the boresight direction and the full TORP power is used for transmission.

[0157] Fig. 9 A graph of radiated power 900 of an exemplary directional antenna is shown. A first curve 905 represents the TORP of the antenna max The second curve 910 represents the EIRP of the antenna antenna Envelope. It is worth noting that TORP max It is independent of the angle relative to the boresight, but the EIRPantenna As expected, the EIRP of this antenna is maximized at the boresight, which is the EIRP max_boresight Note that although the graph of radiated power 900 is presented as a two-dimensional graph, the actual graph of the antenna is three-dimensional.

[0158] Typically, the total radiated power of the antenna at a specific angle is the sum of the antenna's TORP and the G at a specific angle. antenna For example, curve 915 represents the maximum radiated power of the antenna, which is G at the boresight. antenna 917 and TORP max 919. As another example, curve 920 represents the maximum radiated power of the antenna at angle α (relative to the boresight) and is G antenna_α 922 and TORP max 919. However, the antenna need not transmit at maximum power. In this case, the actual radiated power at angle β (relative to the boresight and shown as curve 925) is G antenna_β 927 and TORP actual 929. This radiated power can be expressed as

[0159] EIRP max_α =TORP max +G max_α (2)

[0160] as well as

[0161] EIRP actual_β =TORP actual +G actual_β (3)

[0162] Therefore, in any direction, TORP, EIRP, and antenna gain are all related. Furthermore, any one value can be inferred from the other two. This relationship can be used to convert EIRP-based quantities to TORP-based quantities and vice versa.

[0163] Note that the maximum antenna gain along a direction may not be generated using precoding using a DFT codeword in that direction. If analog beamforming is generated by inputting certain bit combinations to an analog phase shifter, the DFT codeword may not be accurately generated. The maximum antenna gain along a direction may not be accurately known by the UE, and the maximum EIRP envelope (e.g., curve 910) may appear to have a non-smooth, complex shape. In one embodiment, some UEs may be able to estimate their antenna gain for a given bit combination given to the phase shifter, but with a given estimation error margin (e.g., 0.5 dB to 1 dB in a certain direction, although other values ​​are possible). In one embodiment, some UEs may be able to estimate their antenna gain along all directions, but with a given estimation error margin (e.g., 0.5 dB to 1 dB in a certain direction, although other values ​​are possible). In one embodiment, some UEs may not be able to estimate their actual antenna gain for a given bit combination given to the phase shifter or for a given direction, but these UEs may be able to estimate their main antenna gain for a given direction. In one embodiment, some UEs may not be able to estimate their maximum antenna gain for a given direction. In one embodiment, some UEs may not be able to estimate their maximum antenna gain for any given direction, but these UEs may estimate their maximum antenna gain for one or more given directions or store their maximum antenna gain for one or more given directions (e.g., power level definitions, Pcmax definitions, etc. along the boresight or tilted from the boresight by 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, or 60 degrees, etc., for the purpose of testing the radio access network (RAN) 4 or 5). If the boresight or peak antenna gain is difficult to obtain in practice, ninety-five percent (or ninety percent) of the maximum antenna gain may be used as the peak boresight gain, as shown below.

[0164] The peak EIRP may not be easy to obtain in practice because the antenna pattern may be more complex (e.g., not smooth in spatial directions), but it is usually peaked near the boresight direction and decreases away from the boresight direction. Therefore, in practice, the UE may generate multiple maximum EIRPs along multiple directions, and the multiple directions are associated with the maximum EIRPs at multiple angles. The UE sorts these maximum EIRPs to obtain a cumulative distribution function (CDF) and selects a small number of percentiles to represent the overall EIRP CDF. This can be a way to define the power class of the UE, which may be useful for network planning, because UEs with higher power classes can achieve larger cells, while UEs with lower power classes require smaller cells.

[0165] In 3GPP LTE, the power class and Pcmax of the UE are defined as conductive, i.e., based on TORP. As an illustrative example, the UE power class specification in TS 36.101 is as follows:

[0166]

[0167] The other examples are similar. Obviously, the UE power level in 3GPP LTE is usually defined as the maximum output power, i.e., the maximum TORP, which is the sum of all antenna connectors on all possible frequency bands. Similarly, the maximum power reduction (MPR) and the additional MPR (A-MPR) are also based on TORP. In addition, Pcmax is defined based on TORP and other quantities. In other words, Pcmax is also based on TORP. In addition, in 3GPP LTE, uplink power control and PHR use Pcmax. Therefore, uplink power control and PHR are also based on TORP.

[0168] However, 3GPP LTE and its requirements for Pcmax, P PUSCH , PH, P O Definitions such as TORP are used for communications operating at lower frequencies (e.g., below 6 GHz or even below 28 GHz). In higher frequency (HF) communication systems, due to the possible higher antenna gain, in some cases, TORP alone may not be enough, and EIRP becomes more useful. Therefore, 3GPP RAN4 has adopted power levels and Pcmax definitions based on EIRP.

[0169] It should be noted that if the HF uplink power control equations are similar to those of 3GPP LTE, this means that the antenna gain is absorbed in the PL, and it may be more accurate to call it coupling loss (CL). In this case, uplink power control should use TORP-based definitions, which are generally accessible to the UE, and uplink power control does not need to know the antenna gain. Even in 3GPP LTE, the antenna gain of the base station and the antenna gain of the UE do exist and are absorbed in the PL.

[0170] On the other hand, if the HF uplink power control equation is based on EIRP, the UE's antenna gain should be excluded from the PL. Otherwise, the antenna gain will be double-calculated. This has the disadvantage that the UE needs to know the antenna gain for uplink power control. Some UEs may be able to make antenna gain estimates within a certain tolerance, but others may not be able to do so.

[0171] Therefore, TORP-based uplink power control helps avoid the need to estimate antenna gain and may be simpler than EIRP-based uplink power control. Similar conclusions can be drawn for uplink PHR. Therefore, TORP-based uplink power control and PHR avoid the need to estimate antenna gain and may be simpler than EIRP-based uplink power control and PHR.

[0172] In NR for HF, the UE may maintain one or more beam pair links (BPLs). Each BPL is associated with an RSRP and, therefore, a coupling loss value. Unless the UE estimates the antenna gain, the UE cannot obtain the PL (excluding the antenna gain). Therefore, assuming that coupling loss (rather than PL) is used for power control, multiple BPLs cannot share power control or PHR, i.e., each beam requires separate power control and PHR, and the UE antenna gain is transparent to power control and PHR related operations. On the other hand, if the UE obtains the PL by excluding the antenna gain, in principle, multiple BPLs associated with the same access point may be able to share the same power control process and PHR process, but different power control or PHR values ​​are still required for those BPLs and antenna gains used in the power control or PHR. Therefore, each BPL should adopt separate power control and PHR. In summary, for each BPL maintained by the UE, the uplink power control and PHR are separate.

[0173] It should be noted that EIRP-based uplink power control or PHR may have some advantages. For example, it may be more relevant from the receiver's perspective. If the receiver needs to receive a signal with a specific SINR, all the receiver cares about is the EIRP of the transmitter, and it does not matter how the EIRP is obtained, for example, whether the EIRP is obtained by high TORP plus low antenna gain or by low TORP plus high antenna gain, which is irrelevant to the receiver. The transmitter may have more flexibility in setting its TORP and beam. However, if the power control and PHR are separate for each BPL and each BPL has a fixed antenna gain, this flexibility may not exist anyway. This further suggests that TORP-based uplink power control and PHR should be used.

[0174] According to an example embodiment, an upper limit value (e.g., an achievable upper limit) for uplink power control and PHR is provided. The upper limit value can be used to limit the uplink power in TORP or EIRP. The upper limit value can also be used to determine PHR. For example, in 3GPP LTE, Pcmax is an upper limit value. In other words, in 3GPP LTE, the power level and Pcmax are used as upper limits in uplink power control or PHR.

[0175] Similar upper limits can be used for HF. For example, if the upper limit is based on TORP, then based on equation (1) or (2), an upper limit based on TORP can be introduced. It should be noted that because TORP is not directional, only one TORP upper limit is required and can be applied to any direction. It should also be noted that the TORP upper limit should be set so that it is a value that is achievable by the UE. Otherwise, the PHR determined by the UE will not make sense and the UE will not be able to accurately implement the power control equation. The uplink power control can still use equations of the following form:

[0176] P = min (Pcmax, P'),

[0177] Where P' is determined based on resource allocation, open-loop or closed-loop parameters, etc. When P'>Pcmax, the UE must transmit at power Pcmax. If the UE cannot reach Pcmax, the UE cannot fully follow the power control equation defined in the technical standard, which may cause problems. Similar problems exist in PHR. For example, if the UE reports a 10dB PHR and the access point requests the UE to increase 9dB in the next transmission, the UE will not be able to accommodate. Therefore, it is necessary to know how to limit the actual transmission power of the UE in terms of TORP.

[0178] According to an example embodiment, a UE-specific maximum TORP upper limit value achievable by the UE is provided for uplink power control and PHR. The UE-specific maximum TORP upper limit value helps to ensure that the EIRP-based power level and Pcmax definition can be compatible with power control and PHR for all possible types of transmissions, provided that the UE-specific maximum TORP upper limit value is actually achievable by the UE, or alternatively, is the antenna gain associated with the maximum EIRP in a specific direction that the UE can achieve. If the UE can achieve Pcmax as defined in 3GPP RAN4, then Pcmax is also the UE-specific maximum TORP upper limit value. However, Pcmax can be defined as a common value for a class of UEs, and may not always be achievable for a certain UE. In this case, the UE-specific maximum TORP upper limit value is another value lower than Pcmax.

[0179] In one embodiment, it is assumed that the power level of a UE for any transmission bandwidth (where the channel bandwidth is used for non-CA and non-uplink MIMO operations) is defined as ninety percent of the EIRP (denoted as P Powerclass_90％，IRP Or P for short P ), and the associated antenna gain estimated by the UE is G 90％ , then the EIRP of serving cell c is P cmax,c Set within the limits shown below:

[0180] P CMAX_L,c ≤P CMAX,c ≤P CMAX_H,c

[0181] same

[0182] P CMAX_L,c =MIN{P EMAX,c –ΔT C,c ,P P –MAX(MPR c +A-MPR c +ΔT IB,c +ΔT C,c +ΔT ProSe ,P-MPR c )},

[0183] P CMAX_H,c =MIN{P EMAX,c ,P P}.

[0184] Where P EMAX，c is the specified maximum power value of serving cell c, P P is the maximum UE power without considering the tolerance specified in 3GPP TS 36.101 Table 6.2.2-1, MPR c and A-MPR c is the value specified in 3GPP TS 36.101 subclauses 6.2.3 and 6.2.4, ΔT IB,c is the additional tolerance for serving cell c as specified in 3GPP TS 36.101 Table 6.2.5-1 (otherwise ΔT IB,c =0dB), ΔT C,c is another tolerance, which is equal to 1.5 dB when Note 2 in Table 6.2.2-1 of 3GPP TS 36.101 applies, and is equal to 0 dB when Note 2 in 3GPP TS 36.101 does not apply. When the UE supports ProSe Direct Discovery or ProSe Direct Communication in the corresponding E-UTRA ProSe band, TProSe =0.1dB, otherwise T ProSe =0dB. P-MPR c is the maximum allowed output power reduction. In addition, when information about P-max being 23 dBm or lower is provided or if the uplink or downlink configuration in the cell is 0 or 6, for a UE with power class 2 operating in band 41, ΔP PowerClass =3dB; otherwise, ΔP PowerClass = 0dB. As shown above, Pcmax based on EIRP is affected by P P , MPR values ​​and other tolerance or adjustment constraints. It should be noted that the definition of the power level can include other CDF points of EIRP, but only the highest EIRP value is used for the definition of Pcmax. The UE can then derive Pcmax TORP,C for

[0185] Pcmax TORP,C =Pcmax ,C -G 90％ .

[0186] As an illustrative example, the power control equation for PUSCH can be expressed as

[0187]

[0188] As another illustrative example, the power headroom equation may be expressed as

[0189] PH type1,c (i) = P CMAX,TORP,c (i)-{10log 10 (M PUSCH,c (i))+P O_PUSCH,c (j)+α c (j) PL c +Δ TF,c (i)+f c (i)}.

[0190] According to an example embodiment, a maximum EIRP constraint set in regulatory requirements is also incorporated. The maximum EIRP constraint can be included in Pcmax or in the power control equation. If the maximum EIRP constraint is included in Pcmax, then the Pcmax of EIRP can be updated as

[0191] P CMAX_L,c ≤P CMAX,c ≤P CMAX_H,c

[0192] same

[0193] P CMAX_L,c =MIN{P EMAX,c –ΔTC,c ,P P –MAX(MPR c +A-MPR c +ΔT IB,c +ΔT C,c +ΔT ProSe ,P-MPR c )},

[0194] P CMAX_H,c =MIN{P EMAX,c ,P PowerClass ,P EIRP,upper}.

[0195] The rest of the power control or PHR design is done in a similar manner. Note that Pcmax TRP,C may be conservative in nature (i.e., lower than necessary) because the upper limit imposed on the UE TORP in directions away from the boresight is too stringent. Combined with the power control equation, the transmit power can be expressed as

[0196]

[0197] where G is the actual antenna gain along the uplink transmission direction, G actual The UE will be required to estimate the actual antenna gain in this direction. Alternatively, G can also be the antenna gain known to the UE, such as G 90％ , which will also result in a conservative (lower than necessary) uplink transmission power. For some UEs, it may be determined that using the full TORP will exceed P EIRP,upper The UEs determine the maximum allowed TORP for these angles during actual transmission. For other angles, the maximum TORP can be used. In other words,

[0198] Pcmax TORP,α，c =min(Pcmax ,C –G max,α )

[0199] or

[0200] Pcmax TORP,α =min(Pcmax–G max,α ).

[0201] It should be noted that with the c subscript, Pcmax applies to a specific carrier, while without the c subscript, Pcmax applies to the sum of all carriers.

[0202] It should be noted that in addition to the UE power class, the antenna gain value G, or more specifically, G 90％ or G max,αIt can also be a quantity known to the UE. Alternatively, G can also be one of the quantities defined in the UE's power class. Because antenna gain, EIRP, and TORP are related, one of them can be derived from the other two, so Pcmax TORP It may be available to the UE that no antenna gain value is needed for power control or PHR. However, a power level (including tolerance) may be defined so that even at maximum antenna gain and maximum TORP, the specified EIRP is not exceeded. In this case, the parameter P EIRP,upper Needs to appear in the Pcmax equation or the uplink power control equation or the PHR equation.

[0203] The expressions presented previously are for power levels with the 90th percentile of EIRP and associated antenna gain shown. However, if the Xth percentile (or peak or average) EIRP and associated antenna gain are provided, and if no higher EIRP point is defined, then Pcmax can be defined using these values. In other words, P in the above expressions P P Powerclass,x％,EIRP Replace, and Pcmax TORP =Pcmax ,C –G X％ , and these expressions are evaluated as described.

[0204] In addition, if the Xth percentile (or peak or average) EIRP is provided and no higher EIRP points are defined. In addition, if the antenna gain known to the UE is G' and is independent of the EIRP value, then P in the above expression is P P Powerclass,X％,EIRP Replace, and Pcmax TORP =Pcmax ,C –G', and these expressions are evaluated as described. Note that if G' <G X％ , then the uplink power control will be conservative, and if G'>G X％ , then aggressive uplink power control may be used (aggressive power control may be allowed when it does not cause problems (such as violating regulatory limits), otherwise aggressive power control will not be allowed).

[0205] The example embodiments of EIRP-based uplink power control or PHR presented herein are described using PUSCH. However, the example embodiments presented herein can operate with other uplink channels such as SRS, RACH, PUSCH, and PUCCH, etc. Therefore, the discussion of EIRP-based uplink power control or PHR using only PUSCH should not be interpreted as limiting the scope or spirit of the example embodiments.

[0206] In addition, the example embodiments of EIRP-based uplink power control or PHR presented herein are described in an environment with one carrier and a single beam and without uplink CA, uplink MIMO, or uplink bidirectional connection (DC). However, the example embodiments presented herein may operate in deployments that support uplink CA, uplink MIMO, uplink DC, multiple panels at the UE, wide carriers with one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs), multiple beams, and the like. In this case, power levels may be defined to include all frequency bands, all panels, all cell groups (or TRP groups), MIMO capabilities, and the like. Pcmax may be defined for all frequency bands and qualified by power level, and Pcmax,c may be defined for each carrier or BWP and also qualified by power level. Example expressions for Pcmax,c include

[0207] P CMAX_L =MIN{10log 10 ∑MIN[p EMAX,c / (Δt C,c ),p PowerClass / (mpr c ·a-mpr c ·Δt C,c ·Δt IB,c ·Δt ProSe ), PowerClass / pmpr c ],P PowerClass}

[0208] P CMAX_L,c ≤P CMAX,c ≤P CMAX_H,c

[0209] same

[0210] P CMAX_L,c =MIN{P EMAX,c –ΔT C,c ,P P –MAX(MPR c +A-MPR c +ΔT IB,c +ΔT C,c +ΔT ProSe ,P-MPR c )}.

[0211] The above expression for Pcmax,c is based on EIRP. To determine an expression for Pcmax based on TORP, a transformation is applied. Example transformations include

[0212] Pcmax TORP =Pcmax-G 90％

[0213] Pcmax TORP,C =Pcmax ,C -G 90％ .

[0214] According to an example embodiment, in power control or PHR, P cmax,TORP,c for each CC or BWP. In addition, the total PcmaxTORP is used to determine whether the UE must reduce its power. The rest of the power control or PHR follows the provisions in 3GPP LTE. Obviously, in addition to the EIRP regulatory requirements, the maximum output power of the UE, i.e., the maximum TORP, is a limit (in other words, an upper limit) on all carrier resources. Therefore, power scaling, power control and PHR should be based on the upper limit.

[0215] According to an example embodiment, in a communication system supporting DC, etc., a per-cell group Pcmax (denoted as Pcmax,c,i) is defined and bounded by power level. In this case, the power level can be reduced by removing G 90％ To define Pcmax based on TORP, P cmax,TORP,c,i , and the expression is evaluated as described. In addition to the EIRP regulatory requirement, the maximum output power of the UE, i.e., the maximum TORP, is a limit (in other words, an upper limit) on all carrier resources of all cell groups, and power scaling, power control and PHR should also be based on the upper limit. This also applies to the case of multi-beam transmission to multiple TRPs using one or more antenna panels.

[0216] According to an example embodiment, when the UE supports both HF and LF, the HF power level is defined based on EIRP, and the LF power level is defined based on TORP. However, if the regulatory requirements for HF and LF are independent, each can operate independently. For example, the regulatory requirements for LF require that LF not exceed 23dBm TORP, while the regulatory requirements for HF require that HF ​​not exceed 45dBm EIRP. In this case, the UE determines power control or PHR for HF and LF separately or independently. However, if there is an overall EIRP constraint, the UE also needs to estimate its LF antenna gain and therefore the LF EIRP. The maximum LF antenna gain can be used to simplify implementation because the LF antenna gain variation is typically small. If the overall EIRP constraint is violated, the LF and HF TORP can be reduced by the same dB amount to satisfy the constraint. In other words, the power control or PHR for HF or LF may still be based on a single TORP value.

[0217] Fig. 10AA flow diagram illustrates example operations 1000 occurring in an access point communicating with a UE utilizing power control settings specified using a power control parameter set. Operations 1000 may be indicative of operations occurring in an access point as the access point communicates with a UE utilizing power control settings specified using a power control parameter set.

[0218] Operations 1000 begin with the access point specifying a power control setting by selecting a value for a power control parameter for a power control parameter group (block 1005). The access point may select a value for the power control parameter for each power control parameter group or a subset of power control parameter groups. The access point may select a value for one or more power control parameters for a particular power control parameter group. The access point sends the power control parameter values ​​for the power control setting to the UE on a per-group basis (block 1007). For example, the power control parameters for a single group may be arranged in a list and referenced using an index, with the access point sending the index to the power control parameter and the value of the power control parameter. In the event that there are multiple values ​​or multiple power control parameters, the access point may repeat the index and power control parameter value for each one. The access point receives an uplink transmission from the UE (block 1009). The UE sends the uplink transmission in accordance with the power control setting sent by the access point.

[0219] Fig. 10B A diagram 1030 shows a first example technique used by an access point to send a power control parameter value. Fig. 10A An example implementation of block 1007 of . The access point sends the power control parameter value using RRC signaling.

[0220] Fig. 10C A diagram 1040 shows a second example technique used by an access point to send a power control parameter value. Fig. 10A An example implementation of block 1007 of . The access point sends the power control parameter value using DCI signaling.

[0221] Fig. 10D A diagram 1050 shows a third example technique used by an access point to send a power control parameter value. Fig. 10A1055) and the remainder of the power control parameter values ​​using DCI signaling (block 1057). For example, the power control settings may be specified using MAC, PHY, or DCI signaling (implying that there are no predefined power control settings), and the DCI dynamically provides information about which power control setting to use. In one embodiment, the DCI dynamically provides information about the power control parameters for group C 715 or group D 720, while the power control parameters for group A 705 and group B 710 are signaled using MAC, PHY, or DCI signaling.

[0222] Fig.11 A flow diagram is shown of example operations 1100 occurring in an access point in configuring a set of power control parameters. Operations 1100 may be indicative of operations occurring in an access point as the access point configures a set of power control parameters to a UE.

[0223] Operations 1100 begin with the access point sending configuration information about uplink resources (block 1105). For example, the configuration information sent by the access point specifies uplink resources that have been allocated to the UE for uplink transmission. The access point divides power control parameters into a plurality of groups (block 1107). As an illustrative example, the power control parameters are divided into four groups: group A, group B, group C, and group D. Group A includes power control parameters related to uplink signals or resources, group B includes power control parameters related to RS or SS for PL measurement, group C includes power control parameters related to open-loop configurations or parameter sets, and group D includes power control parameters related to closed-loop configurations or parameter sets. The access point sends configuration information about the plurality of groups (block 1109). For example, the configuration information about the plurality of groups may be sent using RRC signaling.

[0224] Fig.12A flow diagram of exemplary operations 1200 occurring in a UE communicating with an access point having power control settings specified by a power control parameter group, wherein the power control settings are specified using the power control parameter group. Operations 1200 may indicate operations occurring in a UE when the UE communicates with an access point using power control settings specified by the power control parameter group. Operations 1200 begin with the UE receiving configuration information regarding uplink resources (block 1205). For example, the configuration information sent by the access point specifies uplink resources that have been allocated to the UE for uplink transmission. The UE receives configuration information regarding multiple groups of power control parameters (block 1207). The multiple groups of power control parameters collectively specify power control settings, and the access point or technical standard may group the multiple groups of power control parameters. The configuration information may be received in RRC signaling. The UE receives a power control parameter value (block 1209). The power control parameter value may be received on a parameter group basis, meaning that the UE may receive an index in the group and a value of the power control parameter associated with the index. The UE may receive indices and values ​​of power control parameters from various groups before receiving indices and values ​​of power control parameters from another group. Note that power control parameters from some groups may not be received, leaving the UE to use default values ​​for those power control parameters. The UE selects a transmit power level (block 1211). The transmit power level is selected based on a power control setting (as specified by a power control parameter value received from an access point) and a count related to the number of times the UE has attempted to transmit. For example, the UE performs one or more PL estimates based on downlink signals (such as downlink RS (e.g., CSI-RS), SS, DMRS, etc.), as specified by a power control parameter value provided by the access point. The UE also maintains one or more closed-loop power control states, as specified by a power control parameter value provided by the access point. The PL estimates and closed-loop power control states are used to select a transmit power level. In addition, open-loop power control parameters (e.g., α (alpha) and P O ) is also used to select the transmission power level. The UE transmits in the uplink using the power level selected in block 1211 (block 1213).

[0225] Fig.13 A flow diagram is shown of example operations 1300 occurring in an access point communicating with a UE using power control specified by a power control parameter set. Operations 1300 may be indicative of operations occurring in an access point as the access point communicates with a UE using power control specified by a power control parameter set.

[0226] Operation 1300 begins with the access point sending a configuration of one or more uplink resources to the UE (block 1305). The one or more uplink resources are allocated to the UE to allow the UE to make an uplink transmission, such as an SRS, PUCCH, or PUSCH. The access point sends a configuration of one or more sets of power control parameters (block 1307). For example, the access point may send a downlink signal, an open-loop power control parameter, or a configuration of a closed-loop power control parameter. The access point sends a power control configuration (block 1309). For example, the power control configuration may specify a power control parameter value from one or more of the one or more sets of power control parameters. The access point receives an uplink transmission from the UE (block 1311). The uplink transmission from the UE may be sent according to the power control configuration provided by the access point. The transmission power of the uplink transmission is also consistent with the path loss between the access point and the UE, which is determined based on the downlink signal sent by the access point.

[0227] Fig.14 A flow diagram is shown of example operations 1400 occurring in a UE communicating with an access point using power control specified by a power control parameter set. Operations 1400 may be indicative of operations occurring in a UE as the UE communicates with an access point using power control specified by a power control parameter set.

[0228] Operation 1400 begins with the UE receiving a configuration of one or more uplink resources from an access point (block 1405). The one or more uplink resources are allocated to the UE to allow the UE to perform an uplink transmission, such as an SRS, PUCCH, or PUSCH. The UE receives a configuration of one or more sets of power control parameters (block 1407). For example, the UE may receive a downlink signal, an open-loop power control parameter, or a configuration of a closed-loop power control parameter. The UE receives a power control configuration (block 1409). For example, the power control configuration may specify a power control parameter value from one or more of the one or more sets of power control parameters. The UE sends an uplink transmission to the access point (block 1411). The uplink transmission from the UE may be sent according to the power control configuration provided by the access point. The transmission power of the uplink transmission is also consistent with the path loss between the access point and the UE, which is determined based on the downlink signal sent by the access point.

[0229] Fig.15 A block diagram of an embodiment processing system 1500 for performing the methods described herein is shown, which may be installed in a host device. As shown, the processing system 1500 includes a processor 1504, a memory 1506, and interfaces 1510-1514, which may (or may not) be configured as Fig.15Arrangement shown. Processor 1504 may be any component or collection of components suitable for performing computing or other processing-related tasks, and memory 1506 may be any component or collection of components suitable for storing programs or instructions executed by processor 1504. In one embodiment, memory 1506 includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Interface 1510, interface 1512, and interface 1514 may be any component or collection of components that allow processing system 1500 to communicate with other devices or components or users. For example, one or more of interface 1510, interface 1512, and interface 1514 may be suitable for communicating data, control, or management messages from processor 1504 to an application installed on a host device or a remote device. For another example, one or more of interface 1510, interface 1512, and interface 1514 may be suitable for allowing a user or user device (e.g., a personal computer (PC), etc.) to interact or communicate with processing system 1500. Processing system 1500 may include Fig.15 Additional components not shown, such as long-term storage (e.g., non-volatile memory, etc.).

[0230] In some embodiments, the processing system 1500 is included in a network device that is connected to a telecommunications network or is part of a telecommunications network. For example, the processing system 1500 is located in a network-side device in a wireless or wired telecommunications network, such as a base station, a relay station, a scheduler, a controller, a gateway, a router, an application server, or any other device in the telecommunications network. In other embodiments, the processing system 1500 is in a user-side device that is connected to a wireless or wired telecommunications network, such as a mobile station, a user equipment (UE), a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a wearable communication device (such as a smart watch, etc.), or any other device suitable for accessing a telecommunications network.

[0231] In some embodiments, one or more of interface 1510, interface 1512, and interface 1514 connect the processing system 1500 to a transceiver suitable for sending and receiving signaling over a telecommunications network. Fig.16A block diagram of a transceiver 1600 suitable for sending and receiving signaling through a telecommunications network is shown. The transceiver 1600 can be installed in a host device. As shown, the transceiver 1600 includes a network side interface 1602, a coupler 1604, a transmitter 1606, a receiver 1608, a signal processor 1610, and a device side interface 1612. The network side interface 1602 may include any component or component set suitable for sending or receiving signaling through a wireless or wired telecommunications network. The coupler 1604 may include any component or component set suitable for facilitating bidirectional communication on the network side interface 1602. The transmitter 1606 may include any component or component set (e.g., upconverter, power amplifier, etc.) suitable for converting a baseband signal into a modulated carrier signal suitable for transmission through the network side interface 1602. The receiver 1608 may include any component or component set (e.g., downconverter, low noise amplifier, etc.) suitable for converting a carrier signal received through the network side interface 1602 into a baseband signal. The signal processor 1610 may include any component or collection of components suitable for converting baseband signals into data signals suitable for communication through the device-side interface 1612 (or vice versa). The device-side interface 1612 may include any component or collection of components suitable for transmitting data signals between the signal processor 1610 and components within a host device (e.g., the processing system 1300, a local area network (LAN) port, etc.).

[0232] The transceiver 1600 can send and receive signaling on any type of communication medium. In some embodiments, the transceiver 1600 sends and receives signaling via a wireless medium. For example, the transceiver 1600 can be a wireless transceiver suitable for communicating according to a wireless telecommunication protocol such as a cellular protocol (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, 5G NR, etc.), a wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol (e.g., Wi-Fi, etc.), or any other type of wireless protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), etc.). In such embodiments, the network side interface 1602 includes one or more antennas or radiating elements. For example, the network side interface 1602 may include a single antenna, multiple separate antennas, or a multi-antenna array for multi-layer communication, such as single input and multiple output (SIMO), multiple input and single output (MISO), multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), etc. In other embodiments, the transceiver 1600 sends and receives signaling via a wired medium (e.g., twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, etc.). A particular processing system or transceiver may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in the figures, and the level of integration may vary from device to device.

[0233] Fig.17An example communication system 1700 is shown. In general, the system 1700 enables multiple wireless or wired users to transmit and receive data and other content. The system 1700 can implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), or non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA).

[0234] In this example, the communication system 1700 includes electronic devices (EDs) 1710a-1710c, radio access networks (RANs) 1720a-1720b, a core network 1730, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 1740, the Internet 1750, and other networks 1760. Fig.17 A specific number of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 17 , but any number of these components or elements may be included in system 1700 .

[0235] EDs 1710a-1710c are used to operate or communicate in system 1700. For example, EDs 1710a-1710c are used to transmit or receive via a wireless or wired communication channel. Each ED 1710a-1710c represents any suitable end-user device and may include such devices as (or may be referred to as) user equipment or devices (UE), wireless transmit or receive units (WTRUs), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones, laptops, computers, touch pads, wireless sensors, or consumer electronic devices.

[0236] Here, the RAN 1720a-1720b includes base stations 1770a-1770b, respectively. Each base station 1770a-1770b is used to wirelessly connect with one or more of the EDs 1710a-1710c, so as to access the core network 1730, the PSTN 1740, the Internet 1750 or other networks 1760. For example, the base stations 1770a-1770b may include (or be) one or more of several well-known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS), a node B (NodeB), an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a next generation (NG) NodeB (gNB), a home NodeB, a home eNodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP) or a wireless router. The EDs 1710a-1710c are used to connect and communicate with the Internet 1750, and can access the core network 1730, the PSTN 1740 or other networks 1760.

[0237] exist Fig.17In the illustrated embodiment, base station 1770a forms part of RAN 1720a, which may include other base stations, elements, or devices. Similarly, base station 1770b forms part of RAN 1720b, which may include other base stations, elements, or devices. Each base station 1770a-1770b operates to send or receive wireless signals within a specific geographic area or region (sometimes referred to as a "cell"). In some embodiments, multiple-input and multiple-output technology may be used to set multiple transceivers in each cell.

[0238] Base stations 1770a-1770b communicate with one or more of EDs 1710a-1710c using wireless communication links over one or more air interfaces 1790. Air interfaces 1790 may use any suitable radio access technology.

[0239] It is contemplated that system 1700 may use multi-channel access functionality, including those described above. In certain embodiments, the base station and ED implement 5G New Radio (NR), LTE, LTE-A, or LTE-B. Of course, other multiple access schemes and wireless protocols may be used.

[0240] RAN 1720a-1720b communicates with core network 1730 to provide voice, data, applications, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or other services to ED 1710a-1710c. It is understood that RAN 1720a-1720b or core network 1730 can communicate directly or indirectly with one or more other RANs (not shown). Core network 1730 can also be used as a gateway access for other networks (such as PSTN 1740, Internet 1750 and other networks 1760). In addition, some or all of ED 1710a-1710c may include functions for communicating with different wireless networks through different wireless links using different wireless technologies or protocols. ED can communicate with service providers or switches (not shown) and Internet 1750 via wired communication channels instead of wireless communication (or in addition to wireless communication, via wired communication channels).

[0241] although Fig.17 An example of a communication system is shown, but the Fig.17 For example, communication system 1700 may include any number of EDs, base stations, networks, or other components in any suitable configuration.

[0242] Fig.18A and 18B An example device is shown in which the methods and teachings according to the present disclosure can be implemented. In particular, Fig.18A An example ED 1810 is shown, Fig.18B An example base station 1870 is shown. These components may be used in the system 1700 or in any other suitable system.

[0243] like Fig.18A As shown, ED 1810 includes at least one processing unit 1800. Processing unit 1800 implements various processing operations of ED 1810. For example, processing unit 1800 can perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input or output processing, or any other function that enables ED 1810 to operate in system 1700. Processing unit 1800 also supports the methods and teachings described in more detail above. Each processing unit 1800 includes any suitable processing or computing device for performing one or more operations. Each processing unit 1800 can include, for example, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a field programmable gate array, or an application specific integrated circuit.

[0244] ED 1810 also includes at least one transceiver 1802. Transceiver 1802 is used to modulate data or other content transmitted by at least one antenna or NIC (network interface controller) 1804. Transceiver 1802 is also used to demodulate data received by the at least one antenna 1804. Each transceiver 1802 includes any suitable structure for generating wireless or wired transmission signals or processing wireless or wired reception signals. Each antenna 1804 includes any suitable structure for sending or receiving wireless or wired signals. One or more transceivers 1802 can be used in ED 1810, and one or more antennas 1804 can be used in ED 1810. Although transceiver 1802 is shown as a single functional unit, transceiver 1802 can also be implemented using at least one transmitter and at least one separate receiver.

[0245] ED 1810 also includes one or more input or output devices 1806 or interfaces (such as a wired interface connected to the Internet 1750). Input or output devices 1806 facilitate interaction with users or other devices in the network (network communications). Each input or output device 1806 includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.

[0246] In addition, ED 1810 includes at least one memory 1808. The memory 1808 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by ED 1810. For example, the memory 1808 can store software or firmware instructions executed by the processing unit 1800 and data for reducing or eliminating interference in the input signal. Each memory 1808 includes any suitable volatile or non-volatile storage and retrieval device. Any suitable type of memory can be used, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, optical disk, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, etc.

[0247] like Fig.18B As shown, the base station 1870 includes at least one processing unit 1850, at least one transceiver 1852 (which includes functions for a transmitter and a receiver), one or more antennas 1856, at least one memory 1858, and one or more input or output devices or interfaces 1866. A scheduler that can be understood by those skilled in the art is coupled to the processing unit 1850. The scheduler can be included in the base station 1870 or operated separately from the base station 1870. The processing unit 1850 implements various processing operations of the base station 1870, such as signal encoding, data processing, power control, input or output processing, or any other function. The processing unit 1850 can also support the methods and teachings described in more detail above. Each processing unit 1850 includes any suitable processing or computing device for performing one or more operations. Each processing unit 1850 can, for example, include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a field programmable gate array, or an application-specific integrated circuit.

[0248] Each transceiver 1852 includes any suitable structure for generating a signal for wireless or wired transmission to one or more EDs or other devices. Each transceiver 1852 also includes any suitable structure for processing a signal received wirelessly or wired from one or more EDs or other devices. Although shown as a combined transceiver 1852, the transmitter and receiver can be separate components. Each antenna 1856 includes any suitable structure for sending or receiving wireless or wired signals. Although shown here is a common antenna 1856 coupled to the transceiver 1852, one or more antennas 1856 can be coupled to the transceiver 1852, allowing a separate antenna 1856 to be coupled to the transmitter and receiver (if it is equipped as a separate component). Each memory 1858 includes any suitable volatile or non-volatile storage and retrieval device. Each input or output device 1866 facilitates interaction with users or other devices (network communication) in the network. Each input or output device 1866 includes any suitable structure for providing information to a user or receiving or providing information from a user, including network interface communication.

[0249] Fig.19 1 is a block diagram of a computing system 1900 that can be used to implement the devices and methods disclosed herein. For example, the computing system can be any entity of a UE, an access network (AN), a mobility management (MM), a session management (SM), a user plane gateway (UPGW), or an access stratum (AS). A specific device can utilize all of the components shown or only a subset of the components, and the level of integration can vary from device to device. In addition, a device can contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processing units, processors, memories, transmitters, receivers, etc. The computing system 1900 includes a processing unit 1902. The processing unit includes a central processing unit (CPU) 1914, a memory 1908, and can also include a mass storage device 1904 connected to a bus 1920, a video adapter 1910, and an I / O interface 1912.

[0250] Bus 1920 may be one or more of any type of several bus architectures, including a memory bus or storage controller, a peripheral bus, or a video bus. CPU 1914 may include any type of electronic data processor. Memory 1908 may include any type of non-transitory system memory, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, memory 1908 may include ROM for booting and DRAM for program and data storage used when executing programs.

[0251] The mass storage 1904 may include any type of non-transitory storage device for storing data, programs, and other information and making the data, programs, and other information accessible via the bus 1920. The mass storage 1904 may include, for example, one or more of a solid-state drive, a hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, or an optical disk drive.

[0252] The video adapter 1910 and I / O interface 1912 provide interfaces for coupling external input and output devices to the processing unit 1902. As shown, examples of input and output devices include a display 1918 coupled to the video adapter 1910 and a mouse, keyboard, or printer 1916 coupled to the I / O interface 1912. Other devices may be coupled to the processing unit 1902, and additional or fewer interface cards may be used. For example, a serial interface such as a universal serial bus (USB) (not shown) may be used to provide an interface for external devices.

[0253] The processing unit 1902 also includes one or more network interfaces 1906, which may include a wired link, such as an Ethernet cable, or a wireless link to an access point or a different network. The network interface 1906 allows the processing unit 1902 to communicate with a remote unit via a network. For example, the network interface 1906 may provide wireless communication via one or more transmitters or transmit antennas and one or more receivers or receive antennas. In one embodiment, the processing unit 1902 is coupled to a local area network 1922 or a wide area network for data processing and communication with remote devices (e.g., other processing units, the Internet, or remote storage facilities).

[0254] It should be understood that one or more steps of the embodiment method provided herein can be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, a signal can be sent by a sending unit or a sending module. A signal can be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal can be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps can be performed by a determining unit or a module. Each unit or module can be hardware, software or a combination thereof. For example, one or more units or modules can be an integrated circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0255] Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, the method comprising: The user equipment UE receives a configuration of a first group of one or more downlink DL signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop power control PC parameters, and a configuration of a plurality of PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the configuration of the PC closed-loop adjustment state indicates the number of PC closed loops, and each PC closed-loop adjustment state is associated with a first index; The UE receives a PC configuration and one of a first index associated with the plurality of PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the PC configuration is associated with at least one of a subset of the first group and a subset of the second group; Each open-loop PC parameter of the second set of one or more open-loop PC parameters comprises a Po and alpha alpha parameter pair; The UE determines a transmission power level according to the PC configuration, a first PC closed-loop adjustment state, and a path loss, wherein the path loss is calculated according to the DL signals in the subset of the first group, and the first PC closed-loop adjustment state is determined by a transmit power control TPC command associated with one of the first indexes; and The UE transmits a signal on an uplink (UL) resource set at the transmission power level.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Each DL signal of the first set of one or more DL signals is associated with a second index.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The DL signal is a DL reference signal RS or a synchronization signal SS and a physical broadcast channel PBCH demodulation reference signal DMRS associated with the SS.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The DL RS is a channel state information RS CSI-RS.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the Po and the α parameter pairs is associated with a third index.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The PC configuration is associated with the first index, the second index, and the third index.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The UE receives a configuration of one or more UL resource sets, wherein the one or more UL resource sets include at least one of a sounding reference signal SRS resource, a physical uplink control channel PUCCH resource, or a resource for a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The PC configuration is associated with the signal transmitted on the UL resource set.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission power level is further selected based on a power limit value associated with the UE.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The UE receives DL transmission power levels for ports of the DL signals in a subset of the first group.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The DL transmission power level is received in a system information block SIB.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The transmission power level is further selected based on a reference signal received power RSRP associated with the port and the DL transmission power level of the port.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The PC configuration is associated with a unique identifier.

14. A computer-implemented method for operating an access point, the method comprising: The access point sends a configuration of a first group of one or more downlink DL signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop power control PC parameters, and a configuration of multiple PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the configuration of the PC closed-loop adjustment state indicates the number of PC closed loops, and each PC closed-loop adjustment state is associated with a first index; The access point sends one of a PC configuration and a first index associated with the plurality of PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the PC configuration is associated with at least one of a subset of the first group and a subset of the second group; Each open-loop PC parameter of the second set of one or more open-loop PC parameters comprises a Po and alpha alpha parameter pair; and The access point receives a signal from a user equipment UE on an uplink UL resource set transmitted at a transmission power level selected based on the PC configuration, a first PC closed-loop adjustment state and a path loss, wherein the path loss is calculated based on the DL signal in a subset of the first group, and the first PC closed-loop adjustment state is determined by a transmit power control TPC command associated with one of the first indexes.

15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: The access point sends a configuration of one or more UL resource sets, wherein the one or more UL resource sets include at least one of a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource, or a resource for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The transmission power level is further selected based on a power limit value associated with the UE.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, further comprising: The access point sends a DL transmission power level for the ports of the DL signals in the subset of the first group.

18. A communication device, comprising: a memory including instructions; as well as one or more processors in communication with the memory, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: Receiving a configuration of a first group of one or more downlink DL signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop power control PC parameters, and a configuration of a plurality of PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the configuration of the PC closed-loop adjustment state indicates the number of PC closed loops, and each PC closed-loop adjustment state is associated with a first index; receiving one of a PC configuration and a first index associated with the plurality of PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the PC configuration is associated with at least one of a subset of the first group and a subset of the second group; Each open-loop PC parameter of the second set of one or more open-loop PC parameters comprises a Po and alpha alpha parameter pair; determining a transmission power level according to the PC configuration, a first PC closed-loop adjustment state and a path loss calculated according to the DL signals in a subset of the first group, the first PC closed-loop adjustment state being determined by a transmit power control TPC command associated with one of the first indices, and A signal is transmitted on an uplink (UL) resource set at the transmission power level.

19. The communication device according to claim 18, wherein: Each DL signal of the first set of one or more DL signals is associated with a second index. 20 . The communication device according to claim 19 , wherein the DL signal is a DL reference signal (RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) demodulation reference signal (DMRS) associated with the SS.

21. The communication device according to claim 20, wherein: The DL RS is a channel state information RS CSI-RS.

22. The communication device according to claim 19, wherein: Each of the Po and the α parameter pairs is associated with a third index.

23. The communication device according to claim 22, wherein: The PC configuration is associated with the first index, the second index, and the third index.

24. The communication device according to claim 18, wherein: The one or more processors also execute the instructions to: receive configuration of one or more UL resource sets, wherein the one or more UL resource sets include at least one of sounding reference signal SRS resources, physical uplink control channel PUCCH resources, or resources for physical uplink shared channel PUSCH.

25. The communication device according to claim 24, wherein: The PC configuration is associated with the signal transmitted on the UL resource set.

26. The communication device according to claim 18, wherein: The one or more processors further execute the instructions to select the transmission power level further based on a power limit value associated with a user equipment (UE).

27. The communication device according to claim 18, wherein: The one or more processors also execute the instructions to receive DL transmission power levels for ports of the DL signals in a subset of the first group.

28. The communication device according to claim 27, wherein: The DL transmission power level is received in a system information block SIB.

29. The communication device according to claim 28, wherein: The transmission power level is further selected based on a reference signal received power RSRP associated with the port and the DL transmission power level of the port.

30. The communication device according to any one of claims 18 to 29, wherein: The PC configuration is associated with a unique identifier.

31. An access point, comprising: a memory including instructions; as well as one or more processors in communication with the memory, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: Sending a configuration of a first group of one or more downlink DL signals, a configuration of a second group of one or more open-loop power control PC parameters, and a configuration of a plurality of PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the configuration of the PC closed-loop adjustment state indicates the number of PC closed loops, and each PC closed-loop adjustment state is associated with a first index; sending a PC configuration and one of a first index associated with the plurality of PC closed-loop adjustment states, wherein the PC configuration is associated with at least one of a subset of the first group and a subset of the second group; Each open-loop PC parameter of the second set of one or more open-loop PC parameters comprises a Po and alpha alpha parameter pair; and Receive a signal on an uplink UL resource set transmitted from a user equipment UE at a transmission power level selected based on the PC configuration, a first PC closed-loop adjustment state and a path loss, wherein the path loss is calculated based on the DL signal in a subset of the first group, and the first PC closed-loop adjustment state is determined by a transmit power control TPC command associated with one of the first indexes.

32. The access point of claim 31 , wherein: The one or more processors also execute the instructions to: send configuration of one or more UL resource sets, wherein the one or more UL resource sets include at least one of sounding reference signal SRS resources, physical uplink control channel PUCCH resources, or resources for physical uplink shared channel PUSCH.

33. The access point of claim 31 , wherein: The one or more processors also execute the instructions to: send a DL transmission power level for ports of the DL signals in a subset of the first group.

34. The access point of claim 31 , wherein: The transmission power level is further selected based on a power limit value associated with the UE.

35. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

36. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 14 to 17.

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