A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel

Abstract

The present invention discloses a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel, comprising: a first circular rail section, a straight rail section, and a second circular rail section that are successively connected through a turnout. The straight rail section is arranged inside the tunnel model. A motor is fixed on a support, a rocker arm is installed on the motor, a limit frame is installed at one end of the rocker arm, a hook is fixed on the top of the train model, and the hook can hook the limit frame. The bending direction of the hook is opposite to the running direction of the train model. Pressure sensors, an anemometer, and a smoke generator are fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel model, and cameras and microphones are arranged near both ends of the tunnel model. The present invention can accurately simulate the running environment of the set train model and can carry out test work under established conditions; the train model has good starting and accelerating performance and can reliably unhook from the limit frame after reaching the preset speed; the train model can smoothly complete deceleration through circular motion after passing through the straight rail section, and the entire test system occupies a small area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel aerodynamic effect test equipment, and more specifically to a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] When a high-speed train passes through a tunnel, a series of aerodynamic problems will be caused. For example, when the vehicle sealing performance is certain, the drastic change of aerodynamic load may cause too large a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle, reducing the comfort of passengers; the aerodynamic load may cause fatigue damage to the auxiliary facilities in the tunnel and exacerbate the development of diseases of the main tunnel structure; when the micro-pressure wave propagates to the surrounding, the formed noise will affect the surrounding environment. With the rapid development of underground transportation in cities, the noise pollution will become a huge obstacle to the development of rail transit; the micro-pressure wave at the tunnel entrance contains a large amount of infrasound below 10 Hz, and the infrasound will affect the central nervous system of people and damage physical health. To solve the above problems, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the tunnel aerodynamic effect, and the model test is an important research method for tunnel aerodynamics. Experts and scholars at home and abroad have proposed a variety of test methods, mainly including the shallow water tank method, the wind tunnel test method, the dynamic model test method, etc.

[0003] The shallow water tank method cannot handle three-dimensional problems and needs to obtain results through the conversion of different media. The wind tunnel test can only conduct steady-state flow tests, cannot simulate train meeting and passing through tunnel tests, and there are boundary effects and it is difficult to eliminate the influence of the ground air flow boundary layer between the wind tunnel entrance and the test model. The dynamic model test system mainly includes a train scale model, a tunnel scale model, a train launching device, a train receiving device, a track device, and a data test system, etc., and is currently widely used. However, the dynamic model test system has a long production cycle, high cost, large floor area, requires a large number of personnel for the test, and the control accuracy of the model train speed still needs to be further improved. In addition, the deceleration and impact force of the model vehicle in the braking section are very large, and it is easy to cause damage to the model.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel, so that it can overcome the above problems, is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel, comprising:

[0008] Support assembly, the support assembly includes a first ring rail section, a second ring rail section, a support, a tunnel model, a straight rail section and a turnout. The first ring rail section and the second ring rail section are each vertically fixed on the horizontal ground through a support. The tunnel model is fixed on the horizontal ground and the straight rail section horizontally penetrates through the inner bottom thereof. The straight rail section is limited between the first ring rail section and the second ring rail section and its length is greater than the length of the tunnel model. The two ends of the straight rail section are connected to the first ring rail section and the second ring rail section respectively through a turnout.

[0009] Traveling assembly, the traveling assembly includes a train model and a driving device. The train model can be slidably limited on the first ring rail section, the second ring rail section and the straight rail section respectively. The driving device includes a motor, a rocker arm, a reducer, a limit frame and a hook. A motor is fixed on each support. The output shafts of the two motors are arranged coaxially with the first ring rail section and the second ring rail section respectively. A rocker arm is vertically fixed on the output shaft of each motor. A reducer is fixed at the end of the rocker arm away from the motor. A limit frame is fixed on the output shaft of the reducer. The frame surface of the limit frame is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the reducer. The rotation axis of the limit frame is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the motor. A hook is fixed on the top of the train model. The hook can hook the limit frame. The bending direction of the hook is opposite to the running direction of the train model.

[0010] Collection assembly, the collection assembly includes a pressure sensor, an anemometer, a smoke generator, a camera, a microphone and a console. The pressure sensor, the anemometer and the smoke generator are fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel model. There are two cameras and two microphones. The cameras, the microphones and the console are all fixed on the same side of the straight rail section. The two cameras are arranged near the two ends of the tunnel model respectively. The two microphones are arranged near the two ends of the tunnel model respectively. The motor, the reducer, the pressure sensor, the anemometer, the smoke generator, the camera and the microphone are all electrically connected to the console.

[0011] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel. The present invention can simulate the operating environment of the set train model more accurately, and can perform a large amount of testing work under given conditions; the train model has good starting and acceleration performance, and the train model can reliably decouple from the limit frame after reaching a preset speed; the train model can smoothly decelerate through circular motion after passing through the straight track section, the entire test system occupies a small area, and can effectively avoid damage to the model train due to excessive inertial load generated by acceleration; and can accurately measure the test parameters of pressure, wind speed, airflow disturbance changes and noise of the train model when passing through the tunnel model.

[0012] Preferably, the turnout includes a slide rail, a slide seat, a drive motor, a loop rail connection section, and a straight rail connection section, the slide rail is fixed on a horizontal ground, the slide seat is arranged above the slide rail and is slidably connected to the slide rail, the sliding direction of the slide seat is perpendicular to the track length direction of the straight rail section, the drive motor is fixed to the slide rail and is transmission-connected to the slide seat, the drive motor can drive the slide seat to slide back and forth along the track length direction of the slide rail, the drive motor is electrically connected to the control console, one loop rail connection section and one straight rail connection section are fixed above each slide seat, the two loop rail connection sections can be connected in series to the first loop rail section and the second loop rail section respectively, and the straight rail section can be connected to the first loop rail section and the second loop rail section respectively through the two straight rail connection sections. This arrangement ensures that the straight rail section can be reliably connected to the first loop rail section and the second loop rail section, and the train model can slide smoothly from the first loop rail section to the second loop rail section.

[0013] Preferably, the first circular rail segment, the second circular rail segment, the straight rail segment, the circular rail connecting segment and the straight rail connecting segment are all composed of a plurality of parallel rails, the number of rails of the first circular rail segment, the second circular rail segment, the straight rail segment, the circular rail connecting segment and the straight rail connecting segment is the same, and the track spacing of the first circular rail segment, the second circular rail segment, the straight rail segment, the circular rail connecting segment and the straight rail connecting segment is the same. This setting ensures that the first circular rail segment, the second circular rail segment and the straight rail segment can be installed with a plurality of parallel train models, and ensures that the test system can simulate aerodynamic loads under different working conditions.

[0014] Preferably, the first loop track segment, the second loop track segment, the straight track segment, the loop track connecting segment and the straight track connecting segment are all composed of two parallel tracks. This arrangement ensures that the test system can simulate the aerodynamic load generated when train models running in different directions intersect in the tunnel model.

[0015] Preferably, the track includes a first rail, a second rail, a support pipe, and a sleeper. The first rail, the second rail, and the support pipe are parallel to each other and the three are fixed by the sleeper. The cross-sections of the first rail, the second rail, and the support pipe are all circular. The support pipe is arranged between the first rail and the second rail. A plurality of sleepers are provided and are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the support pipe. The support pipes on the first circular rail section and the support pipes on the second circular rail section are respectively fixed to the two supports, and the support pipe on the straight rail section is fixed to the horizontal ground. This track setting has high stability.

[0016] Preferably, the train model includes a chassis, a train cover, load-bearing wheels, a first limiting wheel, and a second limiting wheel. The train cover is fixed to the upper end of the chassis, and the hook is fixed to the top end of the train cover. The load-bearing wheels, the first limiting wheel, and the second limiting wheel are rotatably connected to the lower end of the chassis. There are two load-bearing wheels and the central axes of the two are collinear. The side walls of the two load-bearing wheels are respectively in contact with the outer side walls of the first rail and the second rail; there are two first limiting wheels and the central axes of the two are parallel to each other. The side walls of the two first limiting wheels are respectively in contact with the outer side walls of the first rail and the second rail. The first rail and the second rail are arranged between the two first limiting wheels. The central axis of the first limiting wheel is perpendicular to the central axis of the load-bearing wheel; there are two second limiting wheels and the central axes of the two are both parallel to the central axis of the load-bearing wheel. The side walls of the two second limiting wheels are respectively in contact with the outer side walls of the first rail and the second rail. The first rail and the second rail are both arranged between the two load-bearing wheels and the two second limiting wheels. This setting ensures that the train model can be reliably slid and limited on the track.

[0017] Preferably, the smoke generator is centrally arranged on the inner top wall of the tunnel model. This setting ensures that when the train model passes through from both ends of the tunnel model respectively, the thick smoke emitted by the smoke generator can visually observe the airflow disturbance generated when the train model enters and exits the tunnel.

[0018] Preferably, the pressure sensors are fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel model and a plurality of them are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the tunnel model. This setting can accurately measure the aerodynamic load on the inner wall of the tunnel when the train model passes through the tunnel model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel;

[0021] Figure 2 is a partial axonometric schematic of a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 3 is a partial axonometric schematic of a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 4 is a partial axonometric schematic of a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel Figure 3 ;

[0024] Figure 5 is a partial front view of the train model in a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel;

[0025] Figure 6 is a side view of the tunnel model in a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel;

[0026] Figure 7 is Figure 6 a sectional view in the direction of A - A.

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 1 is the first ring rail section, 2 is the second ring rail section, 3 is the support, 4 is the tunnel model, 5 is the straight rail section, 6 is the slide rail, 7 is the slide seat, 8 is the drive motor, 9 is the ring rail connection section, 10 is the straight rail connection section, 11 is the chassis, 12 is the train cover, 13 is the load - bearing wheel, 14 is the first limiting wheel, 15 is the second limiting wheel, 16 is the motor, 17 is the rocker arm, 18 is the speed reducer, 19 is the limiting frame, 20 is the hook, 21 is the pressure sensor, 22 is the anemometer, 23 is the smoke generator, 24 is the camera, 25 is the microphone, 26 is the console, 27 is the first rail, 28 is the second rail, 29 is the support pipe, 30 is the sleeper. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] The present invention discloses a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel. By arranging a first circular track section 1 and a second circular track section 2 capable of being connected to both ends of a straight track section 5, and disposing the straight track section 5 inside a tunnel model 4, this setting can more accurately simulate the operating environment of a set train model and can carry out a large number of test works under established conditions. The first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2 are reliably supported by supports 3, on which a motor 16 is fixed. A rocker arm 17 is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 16, and a limit frame 19 is installed at the end of the rocker arm 17. The train model can slide on the first circular track section 1, the second circular track section 2, and the straight track section 5, and a hook 20 capable of hooking the limit frame 19 is installed on the top of the train model. Through the above settings, the train model has good starting and accelerating performances, can achieve acceleration control under different working conditions, and can reliably unhook from the limit frame 19 after reaching the preset speed. After passing through the straight track section 5, the train model can smoothly complete deceleration through circular motion. The entire test system occupies a small area and can effectively avoid damage to the model train caused by excessive inertial loads generated by acceleration. By setting a pressure sensor 21, an anemometer 22, a smoke generator 23, a camera 24, and a microphone 25, this setting can accurately measure the test parameters of pressure, wind speed, airflow disturbance changes, and noise when the train model passes through the tunnel model 4.

[0031] Embodiment

[0032] See the appendix Figures 1-7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall and partial structures of an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention specifically discloses a model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel, including:

[0033] A support assembly, which includes a first circular track section 1, a second circular track section 2, supports 3, a tunnel model 4, a straight track section 5, and turnouts. The first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2, which have exactly the same structure and are both circular rings, are each vertically fixed on the horizontal ground by a support 3, that is, their axis lines are parallel and both are horizontally arranged. The tunnel model 4 is fixed on the horizontal ground, and a 40-meter-long straight track section 5 horizontally penetrates through its inner bottom. The track length direction of the straight track section 5 is perpendicular to the axis lines of the first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2 respectively. The straight track section 5 is limited between the first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2 and its length is greater than the length of the tunnel model 4. Both ends of the straight track section 5 are connected to the first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2 respectively through a turnout. In this embodiment, the tunnel model 4 is made of transparent polyethylene material;

[0034] A driving assembly, the driving assembly includes a train model and a driving device, the train model can be slidably limited on the first ring track segment 1, the second ring track segment 2 and the straight track segment 5 respectively, the driving device includes a motor 16, a rocker arm 17, a reducer 18, a limit frame 19 and a hook 20, each support 3 is fixed with a motor 16, the motor 16 in this embodiment is a variable frequency speed regulating motor, the output shafts of the two motors 16 are respectively arranged coaxially with the first ring track segment 1 and the second ring track segment 2, a rocker arm 17 is vertically fixed on the output shaft of each motor 16, a plurality of reducers 18 are fixed at one end of the rocker arm 17 away from the motor 16, a rectangular limit frame 19 is fixed on the output shaft of each reducer 18, the frame surface of the limit frame 19 is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the reducer 18, the rotation axis of the limit frame 19 is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the motor 16, a hook 20 is fixed on the top of the train model, the hook 20 can hook the limit frame 19, and the bending direction of the hook 20 is opposite to the running direction of the train model;

[0035] The acquisition component includes a pressure sensor 21, an anemometer 22, a smoke generator 23, a camera 24, a microphone 25 and a control console 26. The pressure sensor 21, an anemometer 22 and a smoke generator 23 are fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel model 4. Two cameras 24 and two microphones 25 are provided. The cameras 24, the microphones 25 and the control console 26 are fixed on the same side of the straight track section 5. The two cameras 24 are arranged near the two ends of the tunnel model 4, and the two microphones 25 are arranged near the two ends of the tunnel model 4. The motor 16, the reducer 18, the pressure sensor 21, the anemometer 22, the smoke generator 23, the camera 24 and the microphone 25 are all electrically connected to the control console 26. The shooting directions of the two cameras 24 are at an angle of 45° with the length direction of the tunnel, and the camera 24 is a high-speed camera 24.

[0036] To be more specific, the turnout includes a slide rail 6, a slide seat 7, a drive motor 8, a ring rail connecting section 9 and a straight rail connecting section 10. The slide rail 6 is fixed on a horizontal ground. The slide seat 7 is arranged above the slide rail 6 and is slidably connected to the slide rail 6. The sliding direction of the slide seat 7 is perpendicular to the rail length direction of the straight rail section 5. The drive motor 8 is fixed to the slide rail 6 and is transmission-connected to the slide seat 7. The drive motor 8 can drive the slide seat 7 to slide back and forth along the rail length direction of the slide rail 6. As for the specific implementation method of the drive motor 8 driving the slide seat 7 to slide, it belongs to a very mature existing technology, so it will not be described in detail in this embodiment. The drive motor 8 is electrically connected to the control console 26. A ring rail connecting section 9 and a straight rail connecting section 10 are fixed above each slide seat 7. The two ring rail connecting sections 9 can be connected in series to the first ring rail section 1 and the second ring rail section 2 respectively. The straight rail section 5 can be connected to the first ring rail section 1 and the second ring rail section 2 respectively through the two straight rail connecting sections 10.

[0037] More specifically, the first loop rail section 1, the second loop rail section 2, the straight rail section 5, the loop rail connection section 9, and the straight rail connection section 10 are all composed of multiple mutually parallel rails. The number of rails in the first loop rail section 1, the second loop rail section 2, the straight rail section 5, the loop rail connection section 9, and the straight rail connection section 10 is the same, and the rail spacing of the first loop rail section 1, the second loop rail section 2, the straight rail section 5, the loop rail connection section 9, and the straight rail connection section 10 is the same.

[0038] More specifically, the first loop rail section 1, the second loop rail section 2, the straight rail section 5, the loop rail connection section 9, and the straight rail connection section 10 are all composed of two mutually parallel rails.

[0039] More specifically, the rail includes a first steel rail 27, a second steel rail 28, a support pipe 29, and a sleeper 30. The first steel rail 27, the second steel rail 28, and the support pipe 29 are mutually parallel and the three are fixed by the sleeper 30. The cross-sections of the first steel rail 27, the second steel rail 28, and the support pipe 29 are all circular. The support pipe 29 is arranged between the first steel rail 27 and the second steel rail 28. There are multiple sleepers 30 and they are arranged at equal intervals along the pipe length direction of the support pipe 29. The support pipes 29 on the first loop rail section 1 and the second loop rail section 2 are respectively fixed to two supports 3, and the support pipe 29 on the straight rail section 5 is fixed to the horizontal ground.

[0040] More specifically, the train model includes a chassis 11, a train cover 12, load wheels 13, a first limiting wheel 14, and a second limiting wheel 15. The train cover 12 is fixed to the upper end of the chassis 11, and a hook 20 is fixed to the top end of the train cover 12. The load wheels 13, the first limiting wheel 14, and the second limiting wheel 15 are rotatably connected to the lower end of the chassis 11. There are two load wheels 13 and their axis lines are collinear. The side walls of the two load wheels 13 are respectively abutted against the outer side walls of the first steel rail 27 and the second steel rail 28; there are two first limiting wheels 14 and their axis lines are mutually parallel. The side walls of the two first limiting wheels 14 are respectively abutted against the outer side walls of the first steel rail 27 and the second steel rail 28. The first steel rail 27 and the second steel rail 28 are arranged between the two first limiting wheels 14, and the axis line of the first limiting wheel 14 is perpendicular to the axis line of the load wheel 13; there are two second limiting wheels 15 and their axis lines are both parallel to the axis line of the load wheel 13. The side walls of the two second limiting wheels 15 are respectively abutted against the outer side walls of the first steel rail 27 and the second steel rail 28. The first steel rail 27 and the second steel rail 28 are both arranged between the two load wheels 13 and the two second limiting wheels 15.

[0041] More specifically, the smoke generator 23 is centrally arranged on the inner top wall of the tunnel model 4. During the experiment, the smoke generator 23 will emit high-concentration colored smoke.

[0042] More specifically, the pressure sensors 21 are fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel model 4 and multiple of them are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the tunnel model 4.

[0043] Usage method and process of the model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel:

[0044] ① Preparation work: Before the test starts, install a train model on each of the first circular rail section 1 and the second circular rail section 2. The speed reducer 18 is a servo motor. The console 26 drives the speed reducer 18 to rotate. The speed reducer 18 drives the limit frame 19 to rotate until the hook 20 on the train model hooks the limit frame 19. At this time, the limit frame 19 stops rotating and its position remains unchanged. The two train models are limited on different tracks. The running directions of the two train models are opposite and both point to the straight rail section 5. The console 26 controls the smoke generator 23 to work, and the smoke generator 23 starts to generate a smoke flow.

[0045] ② Circular acceleration section: The console 26 controls the motor 16 to rotate, and the train model performs an accelerated circular motion as the rocker arm 17 rotates. After the two train models reach the test speed on the first circular rail section 1 and the second circular rail section 2 respectively, the console 26 controls the speed reducer 18 to rotate and its rotation direction is opposite to that in step ①, and the rocker arm 17 stops rotating. At this time, the hook 20 is disengaged from the limit frame 19, and the train model is separated from the rocker arm 17. At the same time, the console 26 drives the turnout to work, and the two straight rail connection sections 10 are connected, so that the first circular rail section 1 and the second circular rail section 2 are connected through the two straight rail connection sections 10. The two train models can enter the straight rail section 5 at the same time. At this time, the two train models pass through the tunnel model 4 at high speed without power drive, and the two train models can meet in the tunnel model 4.

[0046] ③ Unpowered inertial motion section

[0047] The train model performs unpowered inertial motion on the straight rail section 5. The pressure sensor 21 and the anemometer 22 installed in the tunnel model 4 accurately record the pressure and wind speed when the train model enters and exits the tunnel model 4 and transmit the above signals to the console 26. The two cameras 24 capture the flow state of the smoke flow emitted by the smoke generator 23 and transmit it to the console 26. The two microphones 25 collect the noise generated by the micro-pressure waves at both ends of the tunnel model 4 and transmit it to the console 26. The console 26 collects the pressure, wind speed, noise and smoke flow image information when the train model enters and exits the tunnel model 4. By analysis, a series of aerodynamic characteristic parameters when the train model enters and exits the tunnel model 4 can be understood (the supporting software analysis system includes data acquisition, image analysis, and large-scale fluid simulation analysis for simulating the whole process of the train model entering the tunnel model 4, and the commercial software FLUENT19.0 can be used).

[0048] ④ Circular deceleration stage

[0049] After passing through the straight track section 5, the two train models enter the first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2 respectively. At the same time, the console 26 drives the turnout to work, and the two straight track connection sections 10 are disengaged from the first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2 respectively, and the two circular track connection sections 9 are connected. The two train models perform several decelerated circular motions in the first circular track section 1 and the second circular track section 2 respectively. Under the action of sliding resistance and gravity, the two train models achieve braking and deceleration.

[0050] The above operation simulates the running states of the two train models passing through the tunnel model 4 simultaneously and meeting in the tunnel. This embodiment can also simulate a series of aerodynamic effects caused by a single train model passing through the tunnel model 4. The specific implementation manner is the same as the above steps, and the only difference is to use a single train model for the test.

[0051] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0052] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel, characterized in that, it comprises: a support assembly, the support assembly includes a first circular rail section (1), a second circular rail section (2), a support (3), a tunnel model (4), a straight rail section (5) and a turnout. The first circular rail section (1) and the second circular rail section (2) are each vertically fixed on the horizontal ground through a support (3). The tunnel model (4) is fixed on the horizontal ground and the straight rail section (5) is horizontally penetrated through its inner bottom. The straight rail section (5) is limited between the first circular rail section (1) and the second circular rail section (2) and its length is greater than the length of the tunnel model (4). The two ends of the straight rail section (5) are connected to the first circular rail section (1) and the second circular rail section (2) respectively through a turnout; a running assembly, the running assembly includes a train model and a driving device. The train model can be respectively slidably limited on the first circular rail section (1), the second circular rail section (2) and the straight rail section (5). The driving device includes a motor (16), a rocker arm (17), a speed reducer (18), a limit frame (19) and a hook (20). A motor (16) is fixed on each support (3). The output shafts of the two motors (16) are arranged coaxially with the first circular rail section (1) and the second circular rail section (2) respectively. A rocker arm (17) is vertically fixed on the output shaft of each motor (16). A speed reducer (18) is fixed at the end of the rocker arm (17) far from the motor (16). A limit frame (19) is fixed on the output shaft of the speed reducer (18). The frame surface of the limit frame (19) is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the speed reducer (18). The rotation axis of the limit frame (19) is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the motor (16). A hook (20) is fixed on the top of the train model. The hook (20) can hook the limit frame (19). The bending direction of the hook (20) is opposite to the running direction of the train model; A collection component, the collection component includes a pressure sensor (21), an anemometer (22), a smoke generator (23), a camera (24), a microphone (25) and a console (26). The pressure sensor (21), the anemometer (22) and the smoke generator (23) are fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel model (4). There are two cameras (24) and two microphones (25). The cameras (24), the microphones (25) and the console (26) are all fixed on the same side of the straight track section (5). The two cameras (24) are arranged near the two ends of the tunnel model (4) respectively, and the two microphones (25) are arranged near the two ends of the tunnel model (4) respectively. The motor (16), the reducer (18), the pressure sensor (21), the anemometer (22), the smoke generator (23), the camera (24) and the microphone (25) are all electrically connected to the console (26).

2. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, the turnout includes a slide rail (6), a slide seat (7), a drive motor (8), a loop rail connection section (9) and a straight rail connection section (10). The slide rail (6) is fixed on the horizontal ground. The slide seat (7) is arranged above the slide rail (6) and is slidably connected to the slide rail (6). The sliding direction of the slide seat (7) is perpendicular to the rail length direction of the straight track section (5). The drive motor (8) is fixed to the slide rail (6) and is drivingly connected to the slide seat (7). The drive motor (8) can drive the slide seat (7) to reciprocate along the rail length direction of the slide rail (6). The drive motor (8) is electrically connected to the console (26). Above each slide seat (7), a loop rail connection section (9) and a straight rail connection section (10) are fixed. The two loop rail connection sections (9) can be respectively connected in series to the first loop rail section (1) and the second loop rail section (2). The straight track section (5) can be connected to the first loop rail section (1) and the second loop rail section (2) respectively through the two straight rail connection sections (10).

3. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, the first loop rail section (1), the second loop rail section (2), the straight track section (5), the loop rail connection section (9) and the straight rail connection section (10) are all composed of multiple mutually parallel tracks. The number of tracks of the first loop rail section (1), the second loop rail section (2), the straight track section (5), the loop rail connection section (9) and the straight rail connection section (10) is the same, and the track spacing of the first loop rail section (1), the second loop rail section (2), the straight track section (5), the loop rail connection section (9) and the straight rail connection section (10) is the same.

4. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first circular track section (1), the second circular track section (2), the straight track section (5), the circular track connection section (9), and the straight track connection section (10) are each composed of two mutually parallel tracks.

5. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that the track includes a first rail (27), a second rail (28), a support pipe (29), and a sleeper (30). The first rail (27), the second rail (28), and the support pipe (29) are mutually parallel and the three are fixed by the sleeper (30). The cross-sections of the first rail (27), the second rail (28), and the support pipe (29) are all circular. The support pipe (29) is arranged between the first rail (27) and the second rail (28). A plurality of sleepers (30) are provided and are arranged at equal intervals along the pipe length direction of the support pipe (29). The support pipes (29) on the first circular track section (1) and the support pipes (29) on the second circular track section (2) are each fixed to two of the supports (3). The support pipe (29) on the straight track section (5) is fixed to the horizontal ground.

6. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that the train model includes a chassis (11), a train cover (12), load-bearing wheels (13), a first limiting wheel (14), and a second limiting wheel (15). The train cover (12) is fixed to the upper end of the chassis (11). The hook (20) is fixed to the top end of the train cover (12). The load-bearing wheels (13), the first limiting wheel (14), and the second limiting wheel (15) are rotatably connected to the lower end of the chassis (11). Two load-bearing wheels (13) are provided and the axis lines of the two are collinear. The side walls of the two load-bearing wheels (13) are each in contact with the outer side walls of the first rail (27) and the second rail (28); two first limiting wheels (14) are provided and the axis lines of the two are mutually parallel. The side walls of the two first limiting wheels (14) are each in contact with the outer side walls of the first rail (27) and the second rail (28). The first rail (27) and the second rail (28) are arranged between the two first limiting wheels (14). The axis line of the first limiting wheel (14) is perpendicular to the axis line of the load-bearing wheel (13); two second limiting wheels (15) are provided and the axis lines of the two are both parallel to the axis line of the load-bearing wheel (13). The side walls of the two second limiting wheels (15) are each in contact with the outer side walls of the first rail (27) and the second rail (28). The first rail (27) and the second rail (28) are both arranged between the two load-bearing wheels (13) and the two second limiting wheels (15).

7. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoke generator (23) is centrally arranged on the inner top wall of the tunnel model (4).

8. A model test system for simulating a train passing through a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, the pressure sensors (21) are fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel model (4) and a plurality of them are arranged uniformly along the length direction of the tunnel model (4).

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