Drive system for a switch and method for driving a switch

Abstract

A drive system (3) for a switch (1, 30) and a method for driving at least one switch (1, 30) are disclosed. A drive shaft (16) connects the drive system (3) with the at least one switch (1, 30). A motor (12) is provided for driving the drive shaft (16). A feedback system (4) is provided for determining a position of the drive shaft (16) and for generating a feedback signal based on the position. A control device (2) can act on the operation of the motor (12) depending on the feedback signal, the control device (2) selecting an operating configuration (22) which acts correspondingly on the motor (12).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a drive system for a switch and to a method for driving a switch. BACKGROUND

[0002] For regulating the voltage in different transformers there are a plurality of switches for different tasks and with different requirements. For actuating the respective switches these switches have to be driven via a drive system. These switches are in particular on-load tap changers, load switching switches, selectors, double commutators, commutators or preselectors.

[0003] A drive device for one of the above-mentioned switches is known for example from DE 20 2010 011 521 U1. In this on-load tap changer drive device a motor is provided which is rigidly connected via a connecting rod with the respective on-load tap changer. The actuation takes place by means of a wiring, i.e. by switching on or off the motor by means of an actuating motor contactor. The on-load tap changer is then actuated via a drive shaft. After assembly and start-up no functional changes can be made on the drive device. The drive device thus becomes rigid and inflexible. The simplest adjustments require complex retrofitting measures. SUMMARY

[0004] It is therefore the task of the invention to give an improved solution for driving a switch, in particular an on-load tap changer, a load switching switch, a selector, a double commutator, a commutator or a preselector, by which the flexibility of the drive and the safety at switching are improved.

[0005] The task is solved by a drive system for at least one switch according to the invention.

[0006] It is a further task of the invention to give a method for driving at least one switch, which provides an improved solution for driving a switch, by which the flexibility of the drive and the safety at switching are improved.

[0007] The task is solved by a method for driving at least one switch according to the invention.

[0008] The drive system according to the invention is suitable for at least one switch and comprises a drive shaft, which connects the drive system with the at least one switch. At least one motor is provided, which is coupled with the drive shaft. A feedback system is provided, which is set up for determining the position of the drive shaft. A feedback signal is generated on the basis of the position. A control device is set up for selecting a stored driving profile from a plurality of driving profiles as a function of the feedback signal. The selected driving profile correspondingly acts on the motor.

[0009] The control device comprises a control unit and a power unit, wherein the power unit is used to energize the at least one motor. The stored operating profile is saved in the memory of the power unit. Alternatively, the operating profile is saved in the memory of the control device or the control unit.

[0010] According to a possible embodiment of the application, the feedback system comprises at least one absolute value encoder, which is configured and arranged to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft or the absolute position of a further shaft connected to the drive shaft. Based on the detected position, at least one output signal can be generated, which is arranged to determine the position of the drive shaft from the at least one output signal.

[0011] The absolute value encoder can be implemented as a multi-turn rotary encoder or as a single-turn rotary encoder.

[0012] According to another possible embodiment of the application, the absolute value encoder can be arranged to detect the position of the drive shaft or the position of the further shaft according to a first detection method. The detection method can be an optical, magnetic, capacitive or inductive detection method.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the application, the feedback system can comprise at least one absolute value encoder and an auxiliary contact, which is configured and arranged in combination with the absolute value encoder to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft or the absolute position of a further shaft. The further shaft is connected to the drive shaft. Based on the detected position, at least one output signal is generated. The position of the drive shaft is determined from the at least one output signal.

[0014] The absolute value encoder can be implemented as a single-turn rotary encoder or as an incremental encoder or as a virtual encoder. The auxiliary switch can be implemented as at least one microswitch or as a resolver.

[0015] The operating profile is defined by two variables and is represented as an n-th order polynomial function in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

[0016] According to another embodiment of the application, the drive system can be designed such that the control device acts on two motors. The control device comprises at least one, optionally two power units, wherein each motor is operated in cooperation with a common power unit or each motor is operated in cooperation with its own power unit.

[0017] According to the application, the control device is designed such that the control device is operated in cooperation with one of the two motors. The motor is operated with the operating profile of the actual value of the feedback system of the other motor.

[0018] The method for driving at least one switch according to the application is characterized in that the drive system has a drive shaft which is connected to at least one motor. First, a run profile is selected before the start of the switching, which describes the operation of the drive system in order to switch from the current switch position to the achievable switch position. The position of the drive shaft of the at least one motor is detected during the operation of the drive system with a feedback system. A feedback signal is generated from the detected actual value of the position of the drive shaft. It is determined from the comparison of the actual value of the position of the drive shaft with the run profile whether there is a deviation of the actual value from the run profile. In the event of a deviation, the at least one motor is controlled in such a way that the deviation of the actual value from the run profile is minimized. The drive system is stopped when the achievable switch position is reached.

[0019] The method according to the application has the advantage that, by using the run profile, a high flexibility and variability in the switching in the switch can be achieved. Mechanical changes in the switch which can influence the switching are intercepted by using the run profile; the run profile can thus be adapted accordingly.

[0020] At least one run profile is determined for a drive shaft for driving a switch. As a rule, a plurality of run profiles are determined for one switch. The determined at least one run profile is stored for use in the switching.

[0021] The absolute position of the drive shaft or the absolute position of a further shaft is determined with at least one absolute value encoder of a feedback system. Therein, at least one output signal is generated on the basis of the detected position, with which the position of the drive shaft is determined.

[0022] The control device comprises a control unit and / or a power element, with which the at least one motor is open-loop or closed-loop controlled in such a way that the switch position to be achieved by the run profile is reached within the time predetermined by the run profile.

[0023] Each of the run profiles is defined by two variables and is a two-dimensional n-th order polynomial function. The polynomial function is represented in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

[0024] The speed or the torque of the at least one motor is predetermined by the run profile. Therein, it is also predetermined by the run profile at which point in time or in which position of the drive shaft what torque or what speed is to be achieved on the drive shaft by the motor.

[0025] The improved solution is based on the idea of equipping the drive system for driving the switch with a feedback system and a control device, whereby it is possible to achieve that the switch is operated via a defined operating profile. The operation of, for example, a load tap changer is usually carried out in such a way that the motor operates a drive shaft at a constant rotational speed, which moves the selector contacts parallel and tensions the elastic energy store, which after release acts on the load switching switch. The drive system according to the improved solution is able to drive the drive shaft purposefully, i.e. according to a preselected operating profile. The operating profile does not only predefine a speed or a torque. The operating profile also predefines at which point in time or at which position of the drive shaft a certain torque or a certain speed is to be achieved on the drive shaft. By using such an operating profile, it is possible to influence the purposeful section of the switching of the switch. It is thus possible to increase the speed or the torque depending on the drive shaft position. Since different components to be operated are provided on the drive shaft in the switch, these components can be explicitly protected. Thus, for example, a higher torque is required at the beginning of the switching in order to move the contacts out of engagement or to put the contacts in motion. The torque can then be reduced immediately afterwards. This is explicitly possible with the operating profile. The current position of the drive shaft, i.e. the actual value, is compared to the operating profile, i.e. the target value, via a feedback signal. The system thus becomes flexible and safe.

[0026] The term "position of the drive shaft" comprises a measured variable from which the position of the drive shaft can be uniquely determined, if necessary within a tolerance range.

[0027] According to at least one embodiment, the drive system is used for driving a shaft of a load tap changer or a corresponding component of a load tap changer. Thereby, the load tap changer carries out one or more operations, for example a switching between two winding tap heads of a running device or a part of the switching, for example a load switching, a selector operation or a preselector operation.

[0028] According to at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more gearings, connected with a switch, in particular with a shaft of a switch.

[0029] According to at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more gearings, connected with a load tap changer, in particular with a shaft of a load tap changer.

[0030] According to at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more gearings, connected with a motor, in particular with a motor shaft of a motor.

[0031] According to at least one embodiment, the position, in particular the absolute position, of the motor shaft corresponds to the position of the drive shaft. That is, the position of the drive shaft can be uniquely inferred from the position of the motor shaft, within the tolerance range if necessary.

[0032] According to at least one embodiment, the effect generated comprises an open-loop control, a closed-loop control, a braking, an acceleration or a stopping of the motor. The closed-loop control can comprise, for example, a position control, a speed control, an acceleration control or a torque control. At least in the case of such a closed-loop control, the drive system can be said to be a servo drive system.

[0033] According to at least one embodiment, the drive system comprises a monitoring unit, which is designed to monitor the one or more operations of the switch on the basis of a feedback signal. The monitoring in particular comprises a monitoring of whether the individual operations or parts are carried out as specified, in particular within a predetermined time window.

[0034] According to at least one embodiment, the control device comprises a control unit and a power unit for energizing the motor under open-loop control or under closed-loop control. The control unit is designed to actuate the power unit. At least one operating configuration is stored in the power unit, which is formed by two variables and can be represented as an n-th order polynomial function in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

[0035] According to at least one embodiment, the power unit is designed as a converter or as a servo converter or as an equivalent electronic unit, in particular a purely electronic unit, for the drive device.

[0036] According to different embodiments, the control device completely or partially comprises a feedback system.

[0037] The absolute position of the drive shaft can be compared, for example, by the control device. In the case of a significant deviation, the control device can output an error message or introduce safety measures.

[0038] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system is designed to determine a value for the position of the drive shaft from the rotor position of the motor.

[0039] According to at least one embodiment, the rotor position is an angular range in which the rotor of the motor is located, which is combined with the number of complete rotations of the rotor if necessary.

[0040] Depending on the design of the rotor, in particular depending on the number of pole pairs of the rotor, the position or absolute position of the motor shaft can be determined precisely from at least 180° (for example by means of a control device). By virtue of the reduction by means of one or more gearings, the precision with which the position of the drive shaft can be achieved is significantly improved. The evaluation by means of the control device corresponds here to a virtual encoder function to some extent. And thus, in the event of a complete failure of the absolute value encoder of the feedback system, at least an emergency operation and / or the insertion of the on-load tap changer into a safe position can be maintained.

[0041] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system comprises an absolute value encoder which is configured and arranged to detect an absolute position of the drive shaft or of a further shaft connected to the drive shaft and to generate at least one output signal on the basis of the detected position. The feedback system is arranged to determine a value for the position of the drive shaft from the at least one output signal.

[0042] According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder is fixed directly or indirectly on the motor shaft, the drive shaft or a shaft coupled thereto.

[0043] According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder comprises a multi-turn rotary encoder or a single-turn encoder.

[0044] According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder is arranged to detect the position of the drive shaft or the position of the further shaft by means of a detection method.

[0045] According to at least one embodiment, the detection method comprises an optical, magnetic, capacitive, resistive or inductive detection method.

[0046] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system comprises a combination of an encoder and an auxiliary contact which are jointly configured and arranged to detect an absolute position of the drive shaft or of a further shaft connected to the drive shaft and to generate at least one output signal on the basis of the detected position. The feedback system is arranged to determine a value for the position of the drive shaft from the at least one output signal.

[0047] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder and the auxiliary contact are fixed directly or indirectly on the motor shaft, the drive shaft or a shaft coupled thereto.

[0048] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder is embodied as a single-turn rotary encoder or an incremental encoder or a virtual encoder and the auxiliary switch is embodied as at least one microswitch or a resolver or a sine-cosine encoder.

[0049] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder and the auxiliary contact are arranged for detecting the position of the drive shaft or the position of the further shaft according to a probing method.

[0050] According to at least one embodiment, the operating configuration can be formed by two variables and can be represented as an n-th order polynomial function in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

[0051] According to at least one embodiment, the variables are direct or indirect variables of the drive system, such as time, rotational angle of the drive shaft, current, voltage, speed, torque or acceleration.

[0052] According to at least one embodiment, one variable can be represented by a respective one axis of the coordinate system.

[0053] According to at least one embodiment, the control device can act on the second motor.

[0054] According to at least one embodiment, the control device can have a second power component acting on the second motor.

[0055] According to at least one embodiment, the control device can act on the second motor such that the second motor operates through the operating configuration of the actual value of the feedback system of the first motor.

[0056] According to at least one embodiment, the switch can be configured as an on-load tap changer or load break switch or selector or double commutator or commutator or preselector.

[0057] According to the improved solution, a method for driving a switch is also given. The method comprises determining and selecting, by means of a control device, an operating configuration for a drive shaft for driving a switch; generating a feedback signal based on the position of the drive shaft; and controlling a motor for driving the switch according to the feedback signal and the operating configuration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0058] The application will be described in detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. Identical or functionally identical or identically acting components can be provided with the same reference signs. Identical components or components having the same function can be described only in the figure in which they first occur. The description is not necessarily repeated in the subsequent figures.

[0059] In the figures:

[0060] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of a drive system according to the improved solution;

[0061] Figure 2aOne operating configuration for a drive system is shown, which shows the rotational angle of the drive shaft as a function of time;

[0062] Figure 2b One operating configuration for a drive system is shown, which shows the torque as a function of the rotational angle of the drive shaft;

[0063] Figure 3 Another schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a drive system according to an improved concept for a plurality of switches is shown;

[0064] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a drive system according to an improved concept with a plurality of power components is shown;

[0065] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a drive arrangement for an on-load tap changer with which it is possible to switch between different taps (switch positions) of a transformer is shown; and

[0066] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for driving a switch according to the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The same reference signs are used for identical or identically acting elements of the present application. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only the reference signs which are required for explaining the respective figure are shown in each figure. The figures merely show embodiments of the present application, however the present application is not limited to the shown embodiments.

[0068] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a drive system 3 for a switch 1 is shown. The drive system 3 is connected with the switch 1 via a drive shaft 16. The drive system 3 comprises a motor 12 which can drive the drive shaft 16 via a motor shaft 14 and optionally via a transmission 15. The control device 2 of the drive system 3 comprises a power component 11, for example comprising a converter (not shown) for energizing the motor 12 under open-loop control or under closed-loop control, and a control unit 10 for driving the power component 11, for example via a bus (not shown). The drive system 3 has an encoder system 13 which serves as a feedback system 4 or is part of the feedback system 4 and is connected with the power component 11. Furthermore, the encoder system 13 is coupled directly or indirectly with the drive shaft 16.

[0069] The encoder system 13 is provided for detecting at least one first value for a position, in particular an angular position, for example an absolute angular position, of the drive shaft 16. To this end, the encoder system 13 can for example comprise an absolute value encoder, in particular a multi-turn absolute value encoder, which is fixed on the drive shaft 16, the motor shaft 14 or a further shaft whose position is uniquely associated with the absolute position of the drive shaft 16. The encoder system 13 can however also comprise a single-turn absolute value encoder and / or a virtual encoder and / or auxiliary switches. The position of the drive shaft 16 can for example be uniquely determined from the position of the motor shaft 14, for example via the transmission ratio of the transmission.

[0070] The feedback system 4 is provided for detecting a value for a position of the drive shaft 16.

[0071] The control device 2 and in particular the control unit 10 and / or the power component 11 is provided for open-loop or closed-loop controlling the motor 12 depending on a feedback signal, which is generated by the feedback system 4 based on said value.

[0072] The power component 11 has a memory 5 with a saved operating profile 22 (not shown). The encoder system 13, which serves as feedback system 4, informs the power component 11 about the position of the shaft and thereby monitors whether the drive shaft 16 is correctly running through the operating profile 22 or is following a predetermined parameter. The operating profile 22 can also be stored in the control device 2 or the control unit.

[0073] A plurality of operating profiles 22 is saved in the power component 11. One of the operating profiles 22 is selected via the control unit 10.

[0074] Figure 2a A possible operating profile 22 of the motor 12 is shown for the switching process of the switch 1. The exemplary operating profile 22 is an n-th order polynomial function with two variables, which is depicted in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 20. In Figure 2a In the operating profile 22 shown in Figure 2a The variables depicted on the axes 24, 25 in are merely examples and should not be understood as a restriction of the invention. The variables depicted on the X-axis 24 and the Y-axis 25 can be direct or indirect variables of the drive system 3. Direct variables can for example be the time t, the rotational angle of the drive shaft 16, the current or the voltage. Indirect variables can be the speed, the torque, the acceleration or the like.

[0075] Figure 2bA possible operating profile 22 of the motor 12 for the switching process of the switch 1 is shown, which is depicted in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 20. Here, the indirect variable torque M(t) is depicted as a function of the rotational angle ω and is an n-th order polynomial function. In Figure 2a In the operating profile 22 shown in the middle, the rotational angle ω is depicted on the X axis 24. The torque M(t) acting on the drive shaft 16 is depicted on the Y axis 25.

[0076] The operating profile 22 is predetermined with the following setpoint values, which the drive shaft 16 must run through. When running through the operating profile 22, the actual values detected via the feedback system 4 can deviate from the setpoint values. Depending on the predetermined possible deviation of the actual values from the setpoint values, the action on the motor 12 can be interrupted or continued. The deviation can be adjusted manually or determined with the aid of a learning process.

[0077] Figure 3 A drive system 3 is shown, which drives two switches 1, 30. A second encoder system 13, which also serves as a feedback system 4, informs or interrogates the power unit 11 about the position, also the position of the second drive shaft 16, and thereby monitors whether the second drive shaft 16 runs through the operating profile 22 correctly or follows the predetermined variable. Here, both motors 12, 32 can: follow the predetermined operating profile 22; or one of the motors 12 runs through the predetermined operating profile 22 while the second motor 32 follows the actual values of the first motor 12, i.e. in a "master-slave" function. The second motor 32 obtains the data for this from the power unit 11. It is thereby ensured that both switches 1, 30 run through the same operating profile 22 at the same time t, only slightly staggered in time. If both switches must run the same operating profile 22 independently of one another, it can be possible to complete the second switch more quickly in the event of an interference or delay in one of the switches 1, 30, so that there is no synchronous drive and thus no synchronous switching. However, this can be exactly what is needed in some cases. A safe parallel run can be guaranteed by the "master-slave" run.

[0078] Figure 4One embodiment of the drive system 3 is shown, wherein the second power unit 40 is provided with a separate motor 32 and a feedback system 4. Here, the two motors 12, 32 can also: both follow a predetermined operating configuration 22; or one motor 12 follows the operating configuration 22 while the second motor 32 follows the actual value of the first motor 12 (provided via the first feedback system 4), i.e., in a "master-slave" manner. This advantageous embodiment allows multiple switches to operate in parallel, the switches being spatially distant from each other. The power units 11, 40 are interconnected via a fieldbus 6, such as Powerlink. Only data exchange occurs, not energy transfer. Furthermore, for economic reasons, it can be advantageous to use multiple smaller power units instead of one large power unit.

[0079] Figure 5 The schematic structure of the drive scheme for switches 1 and 30 is shown, wherein the switch configuration is an on-load tap changer 170. The on-load tap changer can be moved to switch positions N1, N2, ..., N... N Each of the aforementioned switch positions is connected to a different stage of the regulating winding 19 of the transformer 180. Although for each switch position N1, N2, ..., N of switches 1 and 30... N The description selects an on-load tap changer 170, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described drive scheme can also be applied to load changers, selectors, dual commutators, commutators, or preselectors.

[0080] A motor 12 is provided to drive the selector 18 and the load changer 17. The motor acts on the on-load tap changer 170, which includes the selector 18 and the load changer 17, via a transmission 15. The motor 12 acts on the on-load tap changer 170 via a motor shaft 14 and a drive shaft 16, so as to move in the upward direction N. + From switch position N N Switch to the next higher switch position N N+1 Up, or along the downward direction N - From switch position N N Switch to the next lower switch position N N-1 Above. Here, the selector pre-selects the switch position (level position) to be switched and the load switching switch performs the actual load switching.

[0081] exist Figure 6 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for driving at least one switch 1, 30 according to the present invention. The at least one switch 1, 30 includes at least one drive system 3, the drive system having a drive shaft 16 connected to at least one motor 12. From the current switch position N... A (See) Figure 5) to the reachable switching position N E (see Figure 5 ) can be described by a run profile 22, which can be described by an n-th order polynomial and / or illustrated. The switching can be carried out not only in the upward direction N + but also in the downward direction N - . Before the switching is initiated, a run profile 22 is selected, which describes the operation of the drive system 3 in order to switch from the current switching position N A to the reachable switching position N E . During the operation of the drive system 3, the position of the drive shaft 16 of the at least one motor 1, 30 is detected by the feedback system 4. The detected position of the drive shaft 16 is defined by the actual value of the position of the drive shaft 16. The feedback signal is generated from the detected actual value of the position of the drive shaft 16.

[0082] The selected run profile 22 represents a target value (a series of target values), which the drive system 3 should run through in order to achieve (for example in a predetermined time) the switching from the current switching position N A to the reachable switching position N E . According to the application, a comparison of the actual value of the position of the drive shaft 16 with the run profile 22 (target value) is carried out, in an ideal case in real time or slightly delayed. From the comparison it can be determined whether there is a deviation of the actual value from the run profile 22.

[0083] In the case of a deviation between the actual value and the run profile 22, the control device 2 intervenes, which controls the at least one motor 12 in such a way that the deviation of the actual value from the run profile 22 is minimized. During the run through the run profile, the comparison between the actual value and the run profile 22 (target value) is always carried out. If a deviation is determined, the control device 2 counter-controls accordingly (for example increases / decreases the torque of the motor 12; increases / decreases the rotational speed of the motor 12; etc.). The drive system 3 is stopped when the reachable switching position N E is reached. Another switching can then be introduced with another run profile 22 if necessary. If the deviation rises above a determined, already predefined extent, the switching can be interrupted. The entire system is then stopped, the drive shaft and thus the switch is returned into a defined safe position and into the starting position. For this purpose, the run profile 22 selected at the beginning can be run through in reverse, or another run profile can be selected and run through by the control device 2 or the control unit 10.

[0084] For the respective switch determination of the operating configuration, it is to be determined in which operating configuration the motor is to drive the drive shaft 16 in the desired manner. The at least one determined operating configuration is stored for use at the switch. For this purpose, a corresponding storage device can be provided.

[0085] The absolute position of the drive shaft 16 or of a further shaft is determined in at least one encoder system 13 of the feedback system 4.

[0086] The control device 2 comprises a control unit 10 and / or a power unit 11 with which the at least one motor 12 is to be controlled, either open-loop or closed-loop, such that the switch position N to be reached by the operating configuration 22 is reached within the time predetermined by the operating configuration 22 E and the switch position N to be reached is almost reached by the pre-defined operating configuration 22 E .

[0087] The speed or the torque of the at least one motor 13 is predetermined, for example, by the operating configuration 22. The operating configuration 22 thus predetermines: At which point in time or in which position of the drive shaft 16 is what torque or what speed to be achieved on the drive shaft 16 by the motor 13. The control device is now used to control the motor 13 accordingly in order to achieve the specifications of the operating configuration 22.

[0088] The application is described with consideration of particular embodiments. It is of course obvious to the person skilled in the art that changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the following claims.

[0089] List of reference signs

[0090] 1, 30 switch

[0091] 2 control device

[0092] 3 drive system

[0093] 4 feedback system

[0094] 5 memory

[0095] 6 field bus

[0096] 10 control unit

[0097] 11, 40 power unit

[0098] 12 motor

[0099] 13, 32 encoder system

[0100] 14 motor shaft

[0101] 15, 34 transmission

[0102] 16, 31 drive shaft

[0103] 170 on-load tap changer

[0104] 17 load switching switch

[0105] 18 selector

[0106] 19 regulating winding

[0107] 20 coordinate system

[0108] 22 operating configuration

[0109] 24 X-axis

[0110] 25 Y-axis

[0111] N1, N2,..., N N switch position

[0112] N + upward direction

[0113] N - downward direction

[0114] N A current switch position

[0115] N E achievable switch position

[0116] t time

[0117] ω rotation angle

[0118] M(t) torque

Claims

1. A drive system (3) for at least one switch (1, 30), the drive system comprising: A drive shaft (16) connecting the drive system (3) to the at least one switch (1, 30); at least one motor (12) coupled to the drive shaft (16), characterized in that, - Feedback system (4), the feedback system is configured to determine the position of drive shaft (16) and generate a feedback signal based on the position, wherein the feedback system (4) includes at least one encoder system (13) and an auxiliary contact, the at least one encoder system and the auxiliary contact being configured together to detect the absolute position of drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft connected to drive shaft (16), and generate at least one output signal based on the detected position; and the feedback system is configured to determine the position of drive shaft (16) based on the at least one output signal; - Control device (2), which selects a stored operating configuration (22) from a plurality of operating configurations according to the feedback signal and acts on the motor (12) according to the selected operating configuration (22).

2. The drive system (3) according to claim 1, wherein, The control device (2) includes a control unit (10) and a power unit (11), the power unit (11) being used to power the at least one motor (12), and the stored operating configuration (22) being stored in the memory (5) of the power unit (11).

3. The drive system (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The encoder system (13) is constructed as an absolute encoder (13), which is implemented as a single-turn rotary encoder, an incremental encoder, or a virtual rotary encoder, and the auxiliary contact is implemented as at least one microswitch or resolver.

4. The drive system (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The operational configuration (22) is limited by two variables and is expressed as an nth-order polynomial function in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (20).

5. The drive system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The control device (2) acts on the two motors (12).

6. The drive system according to claim 5, wherein, The control device (2) includes two power components, and each power component works in conjunction with one of the two motors (12).

7. The drive system (3) according to claim 5, wherein, The control device (2) works in such a way as to make the operation of one of the two motors (12) be configured (22) to receive the actual value of the feedback system (4) of the other motor (12).

8. The drive system (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The switch (1) is an on-load tap changer, load switching switch, selector, double commutator, commutator, or preselector.

9. A method for driving at least one switch (1, 30) with a drive system (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, said drive system having a drive shaft (16) connected to at least one motor (12), characterized in that The following steps are required: - Select the operating configuration (22) before starting the switchover, the operating configuration describing the drive system (3) in order to switch from the current switching position (N) A Switch to the reachable switch position (N) E Running on ) - During the operation of the drive system (3), the position of the drive shaft (16) of the at least one motor (12) is detected by the feedback system (4), and the detected position of the drive shaft (16) defines the actual value of the position of the drive shaft (16); - A feedback signal is generated from the actual value detected at the position of the drive shaft (16); - Determine whether there is a deviation between the actual value and the operating configuration (22) by comparing the actual value of the position of the drive shaft (16) with the operating configuration (22); - In the presence of deviation, the at least one motor (12) is controlled in such a way that the deviation between the actual value and the operating configuration (22) is minimized; and - When the reachable switching position (N) is reached E When ), the drive system (3) stops.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, Determine at least one operating configuration (22) for the drive shaft (16) used to drive the switches (1, 30), and store the at least one and determined operating configuration (22) for use during switching.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The absolute position of the drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft is determined by at least one encoder system (13) of the feedback system (4).

12. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The control device (2) includes a control unit (10) and / or a power unit (11), which controls the at least one motor (12) in an open-loop or closed-loop manner to achieve a switching position (N) to be achieved by the operation configuration (22) within a predetermined time. E ).

13. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The operational configuration (22) is limited by two variables and is a two-dimensional nth-order polynomial function, which is represented in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (20).

14. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The speed or torque of the at least one motor (12) is predetermined by the operating configuration (22), and the operating configuration (22) also determines at what time or at what position on the drive shaft (16) the motor (12) will achieve what torque or speed.

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