Extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism and high-precision extra-long workpiece special broaching machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a broaching mechanism for an extra-long workpiece and a high-precision broaching machine for an extra-long workpiece. The broaching mechanism for an extra-long workpiece comprises a tool rod, a feed rod, a feed column, a tool holder, a tool head and a feed driving member. The tool rod has a broaching end and a fixed end. A feed through groove penetrating the side wall of the broaching end is provided. Both the feed rod and the feed column can be slidably inserted into the tool rod. The feed rod is fixedly connected to the feed column. The surface of the feed column comprises a feed surface. The feed surface is an inclined surface inclined relative to the central axis of the feed column. The tool holder can be slidably inserted into the feed through groove and can slidably abut against the feed surface. The tool head is installed at one end of the tool holder away from the feed surface. The feed driving member is transmission-connected to the feed rod, and is used to drive the feed rod to drive the feed column to move along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod, so as to gradually increase or decrease the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed through groove and the feed surface. The arrangement of the above-mentioned extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism is conducive to improving the processing accuracy of extra-long workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of broaching equipment, in particular to an ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism and a high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, it is inevitable to process inner grooves or other forms of structures on the inner holes of some super-long workpieces. For the inner grooves or other forms of structures on the inner holes of super-long workpieces, wire cutting or milling is usually used for processing. However, for some super-long workpieces with very high processing requirements, wire cutting or milling processing methods are difficult to meet their precision requirements. Moreover, due to the long length of the super-long workpiece, the length of the milling cutter or wire cutting electrode wire required will also increase accordingly. As the length of the milling cutter or wire cutting electrode wire increases, vibration is inevitable during the processing process, thereby reducing the processing accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism and a high-precision extra-long workpiece special broaching machine that can improve the processing accuracy of extra-long workpieces in order to address the problem of low processing accuracy in traditional extra-long workpiece processing methods.

[0004] A super-long workpiece broaching mechanism, comprising a tool rod, a feed rod, a feed column, a tool holder, a tool head and a feed drive member;

[0005] The tool bar is a hollow structure with two ends open; the tool bar has a broaching end and a fixed end opposite to each other; the fixed end is used to be fixedly connected to the main slide in the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine; the side wall of the broaching end is provided with a feed slot penetrating the side wall;

[0006] The feed rod and the feed column can both be slidably inserted into the tool rod; one end of the feed rod close to the broaching end is fixedly connected to the feed column;

[0007] The surface of the feed column includes a feed surface; the feed surface is an inclined surface inclined relative to the central axis of the feed column;

[0008] The knife seat is slidably arranged in the knife feed slot and slidably abuts against the knife feed surface; the knife head is installed at one end of the knife seat away from the knife feed surface;

[0009] The feed drive is in driving connection with the feed rod and is used to drive the feed rod to drive the feed column to move along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod to gradually increase or decrease the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot and the feed surface.

[0010] In some embodiments, the tool rod includes a fixed rod and a broaching rod; the fixed rod and the broaching rod are both hollow structures with openings at both ends; one end of the fixed rod is connected to one end of the broaching rod to form a straight rod-shaped tool rod; one end of the fixed rod away from the broaching rod serves as the fixed end; and one end of the broaching rod away from the fixed rod serves as the broaching end.

[0011] In some embodiments, one end of the fixing rod is detachably connected to one end of the broaching rod.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cutter head is detachably mounted on an end of the cutter seat facing away from the cutting surface.

[0013] In some embodiments, the feed column includes a mounting portion, a feed portion, a sliding portion, and a pressing portion sequentially connected along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod; the surface of the feed portion includes the feed surface; the feed surface is connected between the surface of the mounting portion and the surface of the sliding portion;

[0014] The inner hole of the tool rod comprises a first straight hole, a gradual hole and a second straight hole which are connected in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod; the inner diameter of the first straight hole is greater than the inner diameter of the second straight hole; the inner diameter of the gradual hole gradually decreases along the direction from the first straight hole to the second straight hole; the central axes of the first straight hole, the gradual hole and the second straight hole coincide;

[0015] The mounting portion and the sliding portion are slidably inserted into the second straight hole and the first straight hole respectively; in the direction in which the sliding portion points to the mounting portion, the feed surface is inclined in the direction toward the central axis of the feed portion.

[0016] In some embodiments, the surface of the feed column further includes a pressing surface corresponding to the feed surface; the pressing surface and the feed surface are arranged at intervals along the direction from the broaching end to the fixed end; the pressing surface is an inclined surface inclined relative to the central axis of the feed column; the extension direction of the pressing surface is arranged to intersect with the extension direction of the feed surface;

[0017] The extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism further includes a clamping member and an elastic member; a reset inclined hole is formed on the side wall of the broaching end; a rotation installation point is formed on the inner wall of the reset inclined hole; the clamping member is inserted into the reset inclined hole and is rotatably connected to the rotation installation point;

[0018] One end of the clamping member is slidably abutted against the clamping surface through the elastic member, and the other end is clamped on the end of the tool holder away from the feed surface; the elastic member is used to provide a driving force that drives the end of the clamping member abutting against the clamping surface to rotate around the rotating mounting point in a direction away from the clamping surface, so as to press the tool holder onto the feed surface.

[0019] In some embodiments, the pressing member includes a pressing block, a connecting rod connected to the pressing block, and a round head structure connected to an end of the connecting rod away from the pressing block; the pressing block is provided with a through slot;

[0020] The extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism also includes a ball installed in the through slot; the elastic member is installed in the through slot; the ball can be rotatably clamped between the elastic member and the clamping surface; the round head structure can be rotatably abutted against one end of the tool holder away from the feed surface.

[0021] In some embodiments, a limiting groove arranged along the circumference of the tool rod is formed at an edge portion of the inner wall of the broaching end; and an end of the clamping block facing away from the clamping surface is clamped in the limiting groove.

[0022] In some embodiments, a feed transmission mechanism is further included; the feed transmission mechanism includes a feed screw rod coaxially arranged with the tool rod and a feed nut structure passing through and screwed on the feed screw rod;

[0023] One end of the feed screw is transmission-connected to the feed drive member; and the feed nut structure is fixedly connected to one end of the feed rod away from the feed column.

[0024] A high-precision broaching machine for ultra-long workpieces, comprising a bed, a workbench mounted on the bed, a positioning fixture, a main slide slidably mounted on the bed, the ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism and a broaching drive as described above;

[0025] The positioning fixture is used to clamp the extra-long workpiece to be processed on the workbench;

[0026] The fixed end is fixedly connected to the main slide; the broaching drive is transmission-connected to the main slide for driving the main slide to move along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod, so as to drive the tool head to perform broaching on the extra-long workpiece to be processed on the positioning fixture.

[0027] The above-mentioned broaching mechanism for super-long workpieces and the high-precision broaching machine for super-long workpieces are used on the high-precision broaching machine for super-long workpieces to perform broaching on super-long workpieces to be processed, thereby improving the processing accuracy of super-long workpieces. When broaching the super-long workpiece to be processed, the feed drive drives the feed rod and the feed column to move to reduce the gap distance between the feed surface and the opening edge of the feed slot, thereby realizing the automatic feed of the cutter head, so as to facilitate the subsequent cutter head to effectively broach the super-long workpiece to be processed; after each broaching, the feed drive can be used to drive the feed rod and the feed column to return, so as to increase the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot and the feed surface, thereby realizing the automatic retraction of the cutter head, thereby reducing the probability of the cutter head scratching or pulling the broaching surface of the super-long workpiece to be processed during the return process, thereby further improving the processing accuracy of the super-long workpiece. Therefore, the setting of the above-mentioned broaching mechanism for super-long workpieces is conducive to improving the processing accuracy of super-long workpieces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-precision and ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The AA section view of the high-precision and ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine shown;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the broaching mechanism for an ultra-long workpiece in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the broaching mechanism for an extra-long workpiece is shown;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of a tool rod in the broaching mechanism for an extra-long workpiece shown;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 4 The enlarged view of the B part of the broach mechanism for an extra-long workpiece is shown;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of the feed column in the broaching mechanism for an extra-long workpiece is shown;

[0035] Figure 8 for Figure 4 The enlarged view of the C part of the broach mechanism for an extra-long workpiece is shown;

[0036] Fig. 9 for Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping part in the extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism is shown.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals: 10, high-precision broaching machine for extra-long workpieces; 20, pit; 100, bed; 200, workbench; 300, positioning fixture; 400, main slide; 500, broaching mechanism for extra-long workpieces; 510, tool rod; 511, broaching end; 512, fixed end; 513, feed slot; 514, fixed rod; 515, broaching rod; 516, first straight hole; 517, gradual hole; 518, second straight hole; 519, reset oblique hole; 5191, rotation installation point; 502, limit slot; 520, feed rod; 530, feed column; 531, feed surface; 532, mounting portion; 533, feed portion; 534, sliding portion; 535, clamping portion; 536, clamping surface; 541, tool holder; 542, tool head; 550, feed drive member; 560, clamping member; 561, clamping block; 5611, through groove; 562, connecting rod; 563, round head structure; 580, elastic member; 571, limiting hole; 600, broaching drive member; 580, ball bearing; 590, feed transmission mechanism; 591, feed screw rod; 592, feed nut structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0040] When describing positional relationships, unless otherwise specified, when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can be an intermediate element. It is also understood that when an element is referred to as being "between" two elements, it can be the only one between the two elements, or there can be one or more intermediate elements.

[0041] In the case of using “including”, “having”, and “comprising” described herein, another component may be added unless a clear limiting term such as “only”, “consisting of”, etc. is used. Unless mentioned otherwise, a term in the singular form may include a plural form and should not be understood as being one in number.

[0042] In addition, the drawings are not drawn to a 1:1 scale, and the relative sizes of the elements in the drawings are drawn only as examples and not necessarily according to the true scale.

[0043] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The structure of a high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine in one embodiment of the present invention is shown. For ease of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0044] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, a high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 10 comprises a bed 100, a worktable 200, a positioning fixture 300, a main slide 400, an ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 and a broaching drive 600. It should be noted that, in order to reduce the floor space, the high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 10 is a vertical broaching machine. In order to facilitate use, reduce the installation center of gravity of the high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 10, and improve the structural stability of the whole machine, when the high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 10 is installed, a pit 20 is usually dug on the ground, and the bed 100 is installed in the pit 20.

[0045] The workbench 200 is installed on the bed 100. Specifically, the workbench 200 is located at the lower end of the bed 100. The positioning fixture 300 is installed on the workbench 200. Specifically, the positioning fixture 300 is installed on the upper surface of the workbench 200. The positioning fixture 300 is used to clamp the extra-long workpiece to be processed on the workbench 200 to facilitate the subsequent broaching of the extra-long workpiece to be processed. Among them, the positioning fixture 300 can be an integral structure or a combination of multiple components.

[0046] It should be pointed out that in actual use, only the structure of the positioning fixture 300 itself or the cooperation of multiple components in the positioning fixture 300 can be used to achieve the clamping of extra-long workpieces to be processed. The positioning fixture 300 and other structures installed on the bed 100 can also be used to cooperate with each other to achieve the clamping of extra-long workpieces to be processed.

[0047] It should also be noted that the clamping direction of the super-long workpiece to be processed on the positioning fixture 300 is generally determined by the structure that needs to be broached on the super-long workpiece to be processed. For example, when it is necessary to broach an inner groove extending along the longitudinal direction of the super-long workpiece to be processed, in order to facilitate processing and improve processing accuracy, the super-long workpiece to be processed is usually clamped upright on the positioning fixture 300.

[0048] The main slide 400 is slidably mounted on the bed 100. The extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 is mounted on the main slide 400. The broaching drive mechanism is in transmission connection with the main slide 400, and is used to drive the main slide 400 to drive the extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 to move in a straight line direction, so as to perform broaching on the extra-long workpiece to be processed on the positioning fixture 300.

[0049] Specifically, the broaching drive 600 is used to drive the main slide 400 to drive the extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 to move in the vertical direction. In actual use, when the broaching drive 600 drives the main slide 400 to move in the vertical downward direction, the tool head 542 in the extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 will broach the extra-long workpiece to be processed clamped on the workstation tooling; when the broaching drive 600 drives the main slide 400 to move in the vertical upward direction, the extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 will perform a reset action, and the broaching of the extra-long workpiece to be processed can be achieved in this reciprocating manner.

[0050] Therefore, the extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 is applied to a high-precision extra-long workpiece special broaching machine 10 to realize the broaching of extra-long workpieces to be processed. Compared with wire cutting, milling and other process methods, the broaching method greatly improves the processing accuracy of extra-long workpieces.

[0051] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The structure of the broach mechanism for an ultra-long workpiece in one embodiment of the present invention is shown. For ease of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0052] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a tool rod 510, a feed rod 520, a feed column 530, a tool holder 541, a tool head 542 and a feed drive 550.

[0053] Please also read Figure 5 The tool rod 510 is a hollow structure with two ends open. The tool rod 510 has a broaching end 511 and a fixed end 512 opposite to each other. The fixed end 512 is used to be fixedly connected to the main slide 400 in the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 10. The side wall of the broaching end 511 is provided with a feed slot 513 that penetrates the side wall. The feed slot 513 can be a horizontal slot or an inclined slot that is inclined relative to the central axis of the tool rod 510.

[0054] Please refer again Figure 4In the high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 10, the fixed end 512 is fixedly connected to the main slide 400, so that the ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 can be installed on the bed 100. When the high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 10 is located on a horizontal plane, the fixed end 512 and the broaching end 511 are respectively the lower end and the upper end of the tool rod 510, so at this time the longitudinal direction of the tool rod 510 is the vertical direction. For the convenience of description, the following embodiments are all described by placing the high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine on a horizontal plane as an example.

[0055] The feed rod 520 and the feed column 530 can be slidably disposed in the tool rod 510. One end of the feed rod 520 close to the broaching end 511 is fixedly connected to the feed column 530. Thus, the feed column 530 is located at the broaching end 511. The feed rod 520 is a straight rod structure.

[0056] Please also read Figure 6 and Figure 7 The surface of the feed column 530 includes a feed surface 531. The feed surface 531 is an inclined surface arranged obliquely relative to the central axis of the tool rod 510. The feed surface 531 may be the entire side surface of the feed column 530 or a part of the side surface of the feed column 530; in the vertical downward direction, the feed surface 531 extends in a direction close to or away from the central axis of the feed column 530.

[0057] The knife seat 541 is slidably inserted into the knife feed slot 513 and is slidably abutted against the knife feed surface 531. The cutter head 542 is installed at the end of the knife seat 541 away from the knife feed surface 531. The knife seat 541 can cooperate with the tool rod 510 through its own structure to achieve abutment on the knife feed surface 531, and the knife seat 541 can also be pressed on the knife feed surface 531 through other auxiliary structures; the cutter head 542 can be installed at the end of the knife seat 541 away from the knife feed surface 531, so that it can be installed below the end of the knife seat 541 away from the knife feed surface 531. Specifically in the present embodiment, the cutter head 542 is installed below the end of the knife seat 541 away from the knife feed surface 531, and at this time, a blade is formed below the end of the cutter head 542 away from the knife feed surface 531.

[0058] See also Figure 4 , Figures 6 to 8 The feed drive 550 is in transmission connection with the feed rod 520, and is used to drive the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod 510, so as to gradually reduce or increase the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531. When the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 10 is located in a horizontal plane, the longitudinal direction of the tool rod 510 is a vertical direction. It should be pointed out that the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531 refers to the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 located on the inner wall of the tool rod 510 and the feed surface 531.

[0059] Specifically, in the vertical downward direction, when the extension direction of the feed surface 531 extends along the direction toward the central axis of the feed column 530, the feed drive 550 drives the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move in the vertical upward direction, so as to gradually reduce the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531, so as to realize the feeding action of the cutter head 542 under the push of the feed surface 531; when the feed drive 550 drives the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move in the vertical upward direction, so as to gradually increase the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531, at this time, the feed seat 541 will drive the cutter head 542 to move inward, so as to realize the retracting action of the cutter head 542.

[0060] In the vertical downward direction, when the extension direction of the feed surface 531 extends in the direction away from the central axis of the feed column 530, the feed drive 550 drives the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move in the vertical downward direction, so as to gradually reduce the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531, so as to realize the feeding action of the cutter head 542 under the push of the feed surface 531; when the feed drive 550 drives the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move in the vertical downward direction, so as to gradually increase the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531, at this time, the feed seat 541 will drive the cutter head 542 to move inward, so as to realize the retracting action of the cutter head 542.

[0061] For ease of understanding, the following briefly describes the process of machining a broaching structure such as an inner groove or a rounded edge extending in a vertical direction on an ultra-long workpiece using a high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 10:

[0062] (1) Clamp the extra-long workpiece to be processed on the positioning fixture 300;

[0063] (2) Using the broaching drive 600 to drive the main slide 400 to drive the tool rod 510 to move in a vertical downward direction, so as to use the downwardly moving tool head 542 to broach the extra-long workpiece to be processed clamped on the positioning fixture 300;

[0064] (3) After the cutter head 542 moves downward to the position to complete the broaching, the feed drive member 550 drives the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move, so as to gradually increase the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531, thereby realizing the retraction action of the cutter head 542;

[0065] (4) Using the broaching drive 600 to drive the main slide 400 to drive the tool rod 510 to move in a vertically upward direction, so as to drive the tool head 542 to an initial position;

[0066] (5) Using the feed drive member 550 to drive the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move, so as to gradually reduce the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot 513 and the feed surface 531, so as to realize the feed action of the preset feed amount by the cutter head 542;

[0067] (6) Repeat the above steps (2) to (5) until the broaching process of the extra-long workpiece to be processed is completed.

[0068] When it is necessary to machine an inner groove with a gradually changing depth or a broaching surface whose extending direction is inclined relative to the central axis of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined on the inner hole of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined, the process of broaching by using the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 10 is as follows:

[0069] (1) The same as step (1) in the above-mentioned broaching process;

[0070] (2) While the broaching drive 600 drives the main slide 400 to drive the tool rod 510 to move in a vertical downward direction, the feed drive 550 drives the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move so as to achieve a gradual feed of the cutter head 542, so that the cutter head 542 moving downward can be used to broach the extra-long workpiece to be processed clamped on the positioning fixture 300;

[0071] (3) performing steps (3) to (5) in the above-mentioned broaching process;

[0072] (4) Repeat the above steps (2) and (3) until the broaching process or the inner groove with a gradient depth or the broaching structure with an extension direction inclined relative to the center axis of the ultra-long workpiece to be processed is completed on the inner hole of the ultra-long workpiece to be processed.

[0073] Of course, the above-mentioned extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 can be applied to a high-precision extra-long workpiece special broaching machine 10, and can also be used to process other forms of broaching structures, such as forming a conical arc surface on the inner hole of an extra-long workpiece to be processed, etc. The specific steps refer to the steps of the above-mentioned two broaching processing processes.

[0074] Therefore, the above-mentioned super-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 is applied to the high-precision super-long workpiece special broaching machine 10, and the super-long workpiece to be processed can be broached to improve the processing accuracy of the super-long workpiece. The above-mentioned super-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 can also realize automatic feeding and automatic manual, which not only makes the feeding process more accurate during the broaching process, but also in the process of resetting the cutter head 542 after each broaching, the cutter head 542 is retracted after the cutter head 542 is retracted, which can reduce the probability of causing scratches or scratches on the broaching surface during the resetting process of the cutter head 542, so as to further improve the processing accuracy of the super-long workpiece.

[0075] Please refer again Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the tool rod 510 includes a fixed rod 514 and a broaching rod 515. The fixed rod 514 and the broaching rod 515 are both hollow structures with openings at both ends. One end of the fixed rod 514 is connected to one end of the broaching rod 515 to form a straight rod-shaped tool rod 510. The end of the fixed rod 514 away from the broaching rod 515 serves as a fixed end 512. The end of the broaching rod 515 away from the fixed rod 514 serves as a broaching end 511. In the high-precision extra-long workpiece special broaching machine 10, the end of the fixed rod 514 away from the broaching rod 515 is fixedly connected to the main slide 400, and the side wall of the broaching rod 515 is provided with a feed slot 513 that runs through the side wall.

[0076] In practical applications, in order to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the broaching process, the length of the tool bar 510 needs to be longer than the length of the extra-long workpiece to be processed. Since the length of the extra-long workpiece to be processed is very long, the length of the tool bar 510 is also very long. In part processing, the structural characteristics of the tool bar 510 make it unsuitable for integral processing. Separating the tool bar 510 into two parts, the fixed bar 514 and the broaching bar 515, can reduce the processing difficulty, improve the processing accuracy, reduce material waste, and reduce the processing cost.

[0077] Specifically, one end of the fixed rod 514 is detachably connected to one end of the broaching rod 515. The detachable connection makes it easier to disassemble and assemble the fixed rod 514 and the broaching rod 515, and further facilitates the installation or replacement of the feed column 530, feed rod 520, tool holder 541 and other structures in the tool rod 510, making the assembly process and maintenance process of the above-mentioned super-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 relatively simple.

[0078] Please refer again Figure 6 In some embodiments, the cutter head 542 is detachably mounted on the end of the cutter holder 541 away from the cutting surface 531. The detachable mounting method makes it easier to disassemble and assemble the cutter head 542 on the cutter holder 541. In actual use, different cutter heads 542 can be selected according to the shape, size, and precision requirements of the broaching structure formed on the super-long workpiece to be processed, such as arc cutters, round hole broaches, keyway broaches, etc., which greatly improves the applicability of the above-mentioned super-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500. Moreover, if different forms of broaching structures need to be processed on the same workpiece, the corresponding cutter head 542 can be replaced in time, which makes the use of the above-mentioned super-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 more convenient, simplifies the broaching process of the super-long workpiece, and is conducive to further improving the processing efficiency of the super-long workpiece.

[0079] Please refer again Figure 7In some embodiments, the feed column 530 includes a mounting portion 532, a feed portion 533, a sliding portion 534, and a pressing portion 535 which are sequentially connected along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod 510. The surface of the feed portion 533 includes a feed surface 531. The feed surface 531 is connected between the surface of the mounting portion 532 and the surface of the sliding column. Specifically, the mounting portion 532, the feed portion 533, the sliding portion 534, and the pressing portion 535 are all columnar structures, and the mounting portion 532, the feed portion 533, the sliding portion 534, and the pressing portion 535 are coaxially arranged.

[0080] Please refer again to 5 and Figure 6 The inner hole of the tool rod 510 includes a first straight hole 516, a gradual hole 517 and a second straight hole 518 which are connected in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod 510. The inner diameter of the first straight hole 516 is greater than the inner diameter of the second straight hole 518. The inner diameter of the gradual hole 517 gradually decreases along the direction from the first straight hole 516 to the second straight hole 518. The first straight hole 516, the gradual hole 517 and the second straight hole 518 overlap. The mounting portion 532 and the sliding portion 534 are slidably disposed in the second straight hole 518 and the first straight hole 516, respectively.

[0081] The mounting portion 532 and the sliding portion 534 are slidably disposed in the second straight hole 518 and the first straight hole 516, respectively, so as to improve the stability of the feed rod 520 when driving the feed column 530 to slide in the tool rod 510, thereby improving the feed accuracy and retract accuracy of the tool head 542, which is beneficial to further improve the machining accuracy of ultra-long workpieces.

[0082] In some embodiments, the surface of the feed column 530 also includes a clamping surface 536 corresponding to the feed surface 531. The clamping surface 536 and the feed surface 531 are arranged at intervals along the direction from the broaching end 511 to the fixed end 512. The clamping surface 536 is an inclined surface inclined relative to the central axis of the feed column 530. The extension direction of the clamping surface 536 is arranged to intersect with the extension direction of the feed surface 531. When the feed column 530 includes the mounting portion 532, the feed portion 533, the sliding portion 534 and the clamping portion 535, the surface of the clamping portion 535 includes the clamping surface 536.

[0083] The extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 also includes a clamping member 560 and an elastic member 570. A reset inclined hole 519 is provided on the side wall of the broaching end 511. Specifically, the central axis direction of the reset inclined hole 519 is consistent with the extension direction of the feed surface 531. A rotation installation point 5191 is formed on the inner wall of the reset inclined hole 519. The clamping member 560 is inserted into the reset inclined hole 519 and is rotatably connected to the rotation installation point 5191. When the tool rod 510 includes a fixed rod 514 and a broaching rod 515, a reset inclined hole 519 is provided on the side wall of the broaching rod 515.

[0084] One end of the pressing member 560 is slidably abutted against the pressing surface 536 through the elastic member 570, and the other end is clamped to the end of the knife seat 541 away from the cutting surface 531. The pressing member 560 can be a long strip plate structure or a rod structure.

[0085] The elastic member 570 is used to provide a driving force to drive the end of the pressing member 560 that is in contact with the pressing surface 536 to rotate around the rotation installation point 5191 in a direction away from the pressing surface 536, so as to press the knife seat 541 against the feed surface 531. Specifically, the pressing member 560 that is inserted into the reset inclined hole 519 abuts against the pressing surface 536 through the elastic member 570 under the action of the hole wall of the reset inclined hole 519; and under the action of the elastic force provided by the elastic member 570, the pressing member 560 rotates around the rotation installation point 5191 in a direction away from the pressing surface 536, so that the end of the pressing member 560 close to the feed surface 531 provides a pressure toward the feed surface 531 to the knife seat 541, so as to ensure the contact between the knife seat 541 and the feed surface 531. The elastic member 570 can be a compression spring, a rubber spring washer, a rubber spring sheet, a metal spring sheet, etc.

[0086] During actual use, when the feed drive 550 drives the feed rod 520 to drive the feed column 530 to move along the central axis direction of the tool rod 510, the gap distance between the clamping surface 536 and the inner wall of the tool rod 510 will become larger or smaller, and at the same time, the gap distance between the feed surface 531 and the opening edge of the feed groove 513 will become smaller or larger, and the clamping member 560 will rotate counterclockwise or clockwise around the rotating mounting point 5191 under the action of the elastic member 570, so that the tool seat 541 moves in the direction toward or away from the feed surface 531 to realize the retraction action or feed action of the tool head 542.

[0087] Therefore, the arrangement of the clamping member 560 and the elastic member 570 not only improves the structural stability of the extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500, but also ensures the holding effect between the tool holder 541 and the feed surface 531, which is beneficial to improving the feed accuracy and the retract accuracy.

[0088] See also Figure 6 and Fig. 9Further, the pressing member 560 includes a pressing block 561, a connecting rod 562 connected to the pressing block 561, and a round head structure 563 connected to one end of the connecting rod 562 away from the pressing block 561. The pressing block 561 is provided with a through slot 5611. Specifically, the extending direction of the through slot 5611 is perpendicular to the pressing surface 536. The extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500 also includes a ball 580 installed in the through slot 5611. The elastic member 570 is installed in the through slot 5611. The ball 580 can be rotatably clamped between the elastic member 570 and the pressing surface 536. The round head structure 563 can be rotatably abutted against one end of the tool holder 541 away from the feed surface 531. Among them, the pressing block 561, the connecting rod 562 and the round head structure 563 can be an integral structure formed in one piece, or a spliced ​​structure connected to each other by welding, screwing, etc.

[0089] Therefore, when the feed rod 520 drives the feed column 530 to move along the central axis direction of the tool rod 510, the ball 580 will roll on the clamping surface 536, so that the movement of the clamping member 560 on the clamping surface 536 is smoother. Therefore, the setting of the ball 580 and the round head structure 563 not only makes the feed and retract process more sensitive, but also increases the feed amount of the tool head 542.

[0090] See also Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig. 9 Specifically, a limiting groove 502 is provided along the circumference of the tool rod 510 at the edge of the inner wall of the broaching end 511. One end of the pressing block 561 away from the pressing surface 536 is clamped in the limiting groove 502. The setting of the limiting groove 502 can not only prevent the probability of the pressing member 560 sliding down along the tool rod 510 after long-term use, improve the connection stability of the pressing member 560, but also ensure the pressing effect of the pressing member 560 on the pressing surface 536.

[0091] Specifically, a limiting hole (not shown) is formed on the elastic member 570. The ball 580 can rollably abut against the limiting hole. The setting of the limiting hole can improve the stability of the ball 580 on the elastic member 570, so as to further improve the feeding accuracy and the retracting accuracy.

[0092] Specifically, the elastic member 570 includes a plurality of elastic sheets, which are stacked along the extending direction of the through slot 5611 .

[0093] Furthermore, in the direction from the broaching end 511 to the fixed end 512, the feed surface 531 is tilted in the direction toward the central axis of the feed portion 533, and the pressing surface 536 is tilted in the direction away from the central axis of the clamping portion. Thus, the pressing surface 536 and the feed surface 531 intersect with each other to form a V-shaped structure with an opening toward the central axis of the feed portion 533, so that the processing of the feed column 530 is relatively simple.

[0094] Specifically, the tool holder 541, the tool head 542, the feed slot 513, the feed surface 531, the pressing surface 536, the pressing rod and the elastic member 570 are all multiple in one-to-one correspondence. When the feed rod 520 drives the feed column 530 to move along the central axis direction of the tool rod 510, under the mutual cooperation of the feed surface 531, the pressing surface 536, the pressing member 560 and the elastic member 570, the multiple tool holders 541 drive the corresponding tool heads 542 to shrink inward or open outward relative to the tool rod 510 to achieve the retreat and feed of the tool heads 542. The arrangement of multiple tool heads 542 can realize the processing of multiple broaching surfaces on the same super-long workpiece to be processed at the same time, so as to further improve the processing efficiency of super-long workpieces.

[0095] Please refer again Figure 8 In some embodiments, the overlong workpiece broaching mechanism 500 further includes a feed transmission mechanism 590. The feed transmission mechanism 590 includes a feed screw 591 coaxially arranged with the tool rod 510 and a feed nut structure 592 passing through and screwed on the feed screw 591. One end of the feed screw 591 is transmission-connected to the feed drive 550. The feed nut structure 592 is fixedly connected to one end of the feed rod 520 away from the feed column 530. The feed nut structure 592 can be an integral structure with a threaded inner hole, or a spliced ​​structure formed by fixing multiple components.

[0096] During actual use, the feed drive 550 drives the feed screw 591 to rotate so that the feed nut structure 592 drives the feed column 530 to move along the central axis direction of the tool rod 510. Therefore, the screw mechanism composed of the feed screw 591 and the feed nut structure 592 can improve the movement accuracy of the feed rod 520 and the feed column 530, and further improve the feed accuracy and retracting accuracy of the above-mentioned super-long workpiece broaching mechanism 500.

[0097] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0098] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A broaching mechanism for an extra-long workpiece, characterized in that: It includes a tool rod, a feed rod, a feed column, a tool seat, a tool head, a feed drive part, a clamping part and an elastic part; The tool bar is a hollow structure with two ends open; the tool bar has a broaching end and a fixed end opposite to each other; the fixed end is used to be fixedly connected to the main slide in the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine; the side wall of the broaching end is provided with a feed slot penetrating the side wall; The feed rod and the feed column can both be slidably inserted into the tool rod; one end of the feed rod close to the broaching end is fixedly connected to the feed column; The surface of the feed column includes a feed surface; the feed surface is an inclined surface inclined relative to the central axis of the feed column; The knife seat is slidably arranged in the knife feed slot and slidably abuts against the knife feed surface; the knife head is installed at one end of the knife seat away from the knife feed surface; The feed drive is in driving connection with the feed rod, and is used to drive the feed rod to drive the feed column to move along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod, so as to gradually increase or decrease the gap distance between the opening edge of the feed slot and the feed surface; The feed column comprises a mounting portion, a feed portion, a sliding portion and a pressing portion which are sequentially connected along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod; the surface of the feed portion comprises the feed surface; the feed surface is connected between the surface of the mounting portion and the surface of the sliding portion; The inner hole of the tool rod comprises a first straight hole, a gradual hole and a second straight hole which are connected in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod; the inner diameter of the first straight hole is greater than the inner diameter of the second straight hole; the inner diameter of the gradual hole gradually decreases along the direction from the first straight hole to the second straight hole; the central axes of the first straight hole, the gradual hole and the second straight hole coincide; The mounting portion and the sliding portion are slidably disposed in the second straight hole and the first straight hole respectively; in the direction in which the sliding portion points to the mounting portion, the feed surface is inclined in the direction toward the central axis of the feed portion; The surface of the feed column also includes a pressing surface corresponding to the feed surface; the pressing surface and the feed surface are arranged at intervals along the direction from the broaching end to the fixed end; the pressing surface is an inclined surface inclined relative to the central axis of the feed column; the extension direction of the pressing surface is arranged to intersect with the extension direction of the feed surface; A reset inclined hole is formed on the side wall of the broaching end; a rotation installation point is formed on the inner wall of the reset inclined hole; the pressing member is inserted into the reset inclined hole and is rotatably connected to the rotation installation point; One end of the clamping member is slidably abutted against the clamping surface through the elastic member, and the other end is clamped on the end of the tool holder away from the feed surface; the elastic member is used to provide a driving force that drives the end of the clamping member abutting against the clamping surface to rotate around the rotating mounting point in a direction away from the clamping surface, so as to press the tool holder onto the feed surface.

2. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool rod includes a fixed rod and a broaching rod; the fixed rod and the broaching rod are both hollow structures with openings at both ends; one end of the fixed rod is connected to one end of the broaching rod to form a straight rod-shaped tool rod; the end of the fixed rod away from the broaching rod serves as the fixed end; the end of the broaching rod away from the fixed rod serves as the broaching end.

3. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the fixing rod is detachably connected to one end of the broaching rod.

4. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head is detachably mounted on an end of the cutter seat away from the cutting surface.

5. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing member comprises a pressing block, a connecting rod connected to the pressing block, and a round head structure connected to one end of the connecting rod away from the pressing block; the pressing block is provided with a through slot; The extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism also includes a ball installed in the through slot; the elastic member is installed in the through slot; the ball can be rotatably clamped between the elastic member and the clamping surface; the round head structure can be rotatably abutted against one end of the tool holder away from the feed surface.

6. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting groove arranged along the circumference of the tool rod is formed at the edge of the inner wall of the broaching end; and one end of the pressing block away from the pressing surface is clamped in the limiting groove.

7. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting hole is formed on the elastic member, and the ball can rollably abut against the limiting hole.

8. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic member includes a plurality of elastic sheets, and the plurality of elastic sheets are stacked along the extending direction of the through slot.

9. The ultra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a feed transmission mechanism; the feed transmission mechanism includes a feed screw rod coaxially arranged with the tool rod and a feed nut structure passing through and screwed on the feed screw rod; One end of the feed screw is transmission-connected to the feed drive member; and the feed nut structure is fixedly connected to one end of the feed rod away from the feed column.

10. A high-precision broaching machine for ultra-long workpieces, characterized in that: It comprises a bed, a workbench mounted on the bed, a positioning fixture, a main slide slidably mounted on the bed, an extra-long workpiece broaching mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and a broaching drive member; The positioning fixture is used to clamp the extra-long workpiece to be processed on the workbench; The fixed end is fixedly connected to the main slide; the broaching drive is transmission-connected to the main slide for driving the main slide to move along the longitudinal direction of the tool rod, so as to drive the tool head to perform broaching on the extra-long workpiece to be processed on the positioning fixture.

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