An operation and maintenance method, device and electronic device for a battery

Abstract

The present invention provides an operation and maintenance method, device and electronic device for a battery. Among them, the method includes: performing a charge and discharge process on a battery cluster to be analyzed, and determining battery key parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the battery cluster; judging whether the battery cluster is abnormal according to whether the battery key parameters of the battery cells in the battery cluster exceed the normal range; and performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster in the case where the battery cluster is abnormal. Through the operation and maintenance method, device and electronic device for a battery provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the internal resistance, capacity parameter and self-discharge parameter of the battery cell are used as the battery key parameters of the battery cell. Based on these battery key parameters, it is possible to more accurately judge whether the battery cell is abnormal and the cause of the abnormality, and further, when operation and maintenance processing of the battery cluster is required subsequently, more accurate operation and maintenance processing can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery operation and maintenance, and in particular, to a method, device, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for battery operation and maintenance. Background Art

[0002] With the development of electric vehicles, the price of lithium batteries has dropped sharply, making it an irreversible trend to replace lead-acid batteries in terms of cost performance in low-speed electric vehicles and backup power supplies. However, there is a common pain point in these two types of lithium battery energy storage applications, that is, there is temporarily a lack of an effective operation and maintenance system to ensure the safety and service life of the entire life cycle, resulting in uncertainty in the investment return of lithium batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the existing technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for battery operation and maintenance.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for battery operation and maintenance, including:

[0005] Performing a charge and discharge process on a battery cluster to be analyzed, and determining battery key parameters of a plurality of battery cell monomers in the battery cluster; the battery key parameters include internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter;

[0006] Judging whether the battery cluster is abnormal according to whether the battery key parameters of the battery cell monomers in the battery cluster exceed the normal range;

[0007] Performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster in the case where the battery cluster is abnormal.

[0008] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a device for battery operation and maintenance, including:

[0009] A charge and discharge module, configured to perform a charge and discharge process on a battery cluster to be analyzed, and determine battery key parameters of a plurality of battery cell monomers in the battery cluster; the battery key parameters include internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter;

[0010] An analysis module, configured to judge whether the battery cluster is abnormal according to whether the battery key parameters of the battery cell monomers in the battery cluster exceed the normal range;

[0011] An operation and maintenance module, configured to perform operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster in the case where the battery cluster is abnormal.

[0012] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a bus, a transceiver, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. The transceiver, the memory, and the processor are connected through the bus. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps in the battery operation and maintenance method described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the battery operation and maintenance method described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0014] The battery operation and maintenance method, device, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium provided by the embodiments of the present invention use the internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter of the battery cell as the key battery parameters of the battery cell. Based on these key battery parameters, it is possible to more accurately determine whether the battery cell is abnormal and the cause of the abnormality. Furthermore, when subsequent operation and maintenance processing of the battery cluster is required, more accurate operation and maintenance processing can be achieved. By performing operation and maintenance on the battery cluster, the safety of the entire life cycle of the energy storage system where the battery cluster is located can be ensured, the service life of the energy storage system can be extended, and the investment return of the energy storage system can be guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the background art, the following will describe the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or the background art.

[0016] Figure 1 Shows a flowchart of a battery operation and maintenance method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 Shows a schematic diagram of the capacity distribution of battery cells provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 Shows a relationship diagram between the capacity voltage differential and the state of charge at different states of health (SOH);

[0019] Figure 4 Shows a schematic diagram of a charging curve provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of the capacity distribution of some battery cells in a battery cluster provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 Shows a schematic diagram of the capacity improvement effect of replacing battery cells provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7Shows a schematic diagram of the capacity improvement effect of separately discharging a single battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 Shows another schematic diagram of the capacity improvement effect of separately discharging a single battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 9 Shows a box plot of multiple internal resistances in Application Example 1 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 10 Shows a box plot of multiple full charge time differences in Application Example 1 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 11 Shows a box plot of multiple internal resistances in Application Example 2 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 12 Shows a box plot of multiple full charge time differences in Application Example 2 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 13 Shows a schematic structural diagram of an operation and maintenance device for a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 14 Shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device for executing an operation and maintenance method for a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 1 Shows a flowchart of an operation and maintenance method for a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, the method includes:

[0032] Step 101: Perform a charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed, and determine the battery key parameters of multiple single battery cells in the battery cluster; the battery key parameters include internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, a battery cluster is a collection of multiple battery cells. The battery cluster contains multiple battery cells, and the battery cells are connected in series. Among them, the battery cells in the battery cluster can be divided into multiple battery modules, and each battery module contains multiple battery cells. When analyzing the battery cluster, in this embodiment, one or more consecutive battery cells in the battery cluster are regarded as a single unit that can be analyzed, that is, a battery cell unit. By analyzing the performance of the battery cell unit, the performance of the entire battery cluster can be determined. For example, a single battery cell can be regarded as a battery cell unit, or a battery module can be regarded as a battery cell unit, which can be specifically determined based on the actual situation. Generally, one battery cell corresponds to one battery cell unit.

[0034] When maintenance and operation processing of the battery cluster is required, in this embodiment, a charge-discharge process is performed on it. The charge-discharge process includes a charging process and / or a discharging process, that is, the battery cluster can be charged, discharged, or charged first and then discharged, or discharged first and then charged, etc. Based on this charge-discharge process, parameters required in the subsequent maintenance and operation process are determined, that is, key battery parameters (KBP). When traditionally analyzing a battery cluster, it is generally analyzed based on the voltage of the battery cells in the battery cluster (because voltage is easy to measure). However, there are many reasons for the abnormal voltage of the battery cells, and it is difficult to accurately evaluate the state of the battery cluster based on voltage. The key battery parameters used in the embodiment of the present invention include the internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter of the battery cell unit. Based on these key battery parameters, it is possible to more accurately determine whether the battery cell unit is abnormal and the cause of the abnormality, which is beneficial to more accurately perform maintenance and operation processing on the battery cluster in the future.

[0035] Among them, the capacity parameter of the battery cell unit refers to a parameter related to the capacity of the battery cell unit, which can represent the capacity of the battery cell unit in a certain state, such as the current maximum capacity of the battery cell unit. The self-discharge parameter refers to a parameter that can characterize the self-discharge degree of the battery cell unit, such as the self-discharge rate.

[0036] Step 102: Determine whether the battery cluster is abnormal according to whether the key battery parameters of the battery cell units in the battery cluster exceed the normal range.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present invention, a normal range can be preset for the key battery parameters, and based on the determined key battery parameters, it is determined whether the battery cluster or the battery cell units in the battery cluster are abnormal. Among them, since the key battery parameters include multiple types such as internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter, a normal range needs to be set for each type of key battery parameter respectively. Based on whether various key battery parameters exceed their respective normal ranges, it is determined whether the battery cluster or the battery cell units in the battery cluster are abnormal.

[0038] Generally, it is possible to determine whether the entire battery cluster is abnormal based on the differences between the battery key parameters of multiple battery cells; alternatively, it is also possible to first determine whether each battery cell is abnormal, and when there are abnormal battery cells or the number of abnormal battery cells exceeds a preset number, it is considered that the battery cluster is abnormal.

[0039] Step 103: When the battery cluster is abnormal, perform operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present invention, if the battery cluster is abnormal, it is necessary to perform operation and maintenance on the battery cluster to be able to restore the battery cluster to normal or reduce the risk of further deterioration of the battery cluster. In the embodiments of the present invention, the abnormal conditions of the battery cluster can be analyzed in detail to achieve refined operation and maintenance.

[0041] When the battery cluster is abnormal, it can be divided into an abnormal state and a fault state based on the degree of abnormality; the abnormal state refers to a temporary state with a high probability of returning to normal, while the fault state refers to a state with a high probability of having potential safety hazards or causing safety accidents. The abnormal state is a state with a relatively low degree of abnormality, and the fault state is a state with a relatively high degree of abnormality. However, if the factors causing the abnormal state are not eliminated in time, it may develop into an irreparable fault state. Among them, the abnormal state can also be called a sub-healthy state.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present invention, operation and maintenance rules can be preset, and corresponding operation and maintenance processing is performed on the battery cluster based on these operation and maintenance rules. Optionally, the above step "perform operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster" may include:

[0043] Step A1: When the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, dynamically adjust the charge and discharge control parameters of the battery cluster.

[0044] Step A2: When the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, if the capacity that can be increased based on the capacity parameter is higher than the preset capacity value, perform an equalization process on the battery cluster.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present invention, when the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, a general warning rule can be executed. The general warning rule may include: dynamically adjusting the charge and discharge control parameters of the battery cluster in the sub-healthy state, derating the use of the battery cluster to avoid further deterioration of the health state of the battery cluster; and after the battery cluster returns to normal, for example, by replacing or performing operation and maintenance on the abnormal battery cells in the battery cluster to make the entire battery cluster return to normal, the charge and discharge control parameters can be restored to normal again.

[0046] The charge and discharge control parameters refer to the physical parameters that control the charge and discharge process of the battery cluster, which may include the charging current, discharging current, charging cut-off voltage, discharging cut-off voltage, etc. of the battery cluster. For example, when the internal resistance R of the largest battery cell in the battery clustermax = R0×α, where R0 represents the standard resistance value of a single battery cell, such as the initial value, etc., and α > 1. The rule for dynamically adjusting charge and discharge control parameters to achieve derated use can be: 1) Adjustment of charge and discharge current: The power consumption of the smallest measured battery unit (such as a battery cell) remains unchanged, that is, I 2 R = constant, where I is the current and R is the internal resistance. The current I in the sub-healthy state 亚 = I0 / α 1 / 2 , where I0 is the charging or discharging current under normal conditions. 2) Adjustment of charge and discharge cut-off voltage or SOC threshold: The charge cut-off voltage control parameter V max亚健康 = k c V max正常 , where k c is valued such that the SOC (State of Charge) of the battery cluster is between 80% - 95%. The discharge cut-off voltage control parameter V min亚健康 = k d V min正常 , where k d is valued such that the SOC of the battery cluster is between 5% - 20%. Among them, V max亚健康 represents the charge cut-off voltage in the sub-healthy state, V max正常 represents the charge cut-off voltage under normal conditions, V min亚健康 represents the discharge cut-off voltage in the sub-healthy state, V min正常 represents the discharge cut-off voltage under normal conditions.

[0047] In addition, when the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, if it is determined based on the capacity parameter of a single battery cell that the battery cluster can be restored through equalization, for example, the capacity increased by the battery cluster through equalization is higher than a preset capacity value (such as 5%), or irreversible capacity decay can be avoided, the operation and maintenance personnel can be arranged to perform equalization processing. The specific operation and maintenance processing method can be seen in the subsequent description.

[0048] Optionally, when the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, the background supply chain management can also place an order to ensure that there are replaceable spare battery modules, which can be replaced in time after the warning is upgraded (for example, from a general warning to a severe warning).

[0049] Step A3: When the battery cluster is in a fault state, perform connection and disconnection processing on the battery cluster.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the battery cluster is in a fault state, a severe warning rule can be executed, and the severe warning rule can include: performing switching-on and switching-off processing on the battery cluster. Among them, the switching-on and switching-off processing can specifically include: the ABMS (Autobattery manage system) sends a command to the master controller of the battery cluster where the faulty battery cell is located, and automatically disconnects the battery cluster from the entire energy storage system by disconnecting the circuit breaker, enters the "switching-on and switching-off" management mode, and notifies the operation and maintenance personnel to perform operation and maintenance processing as soon as possible; and, immediately arrange the operation and maintenance personnel to go to the site to replace the faulty battery module with a spare battery module for the battery cluster under switching-on and switching-off management. After replacement, one-key diagnosis is performed to confirm that the battery cluster returns to the normal state.

[0051] In addition, optionally, the process of the operation and maintenance processing can further include calibrating the SOC of the battery cluster, regular inspection, etc. For example, when it is found that the SOC error exceeds a specific number (such as 5%), correction is performed to re-calibrate and determine the SOC; or, under the condition of non-disassembly, the method for extracting the key parameters of the battery is periodically detected according to the preset working steps to ensure the effectiveness of the method for extracting the key parameters of the battery.

[0052] An operation and maintenance method for a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention uses the internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter of a battery cell as the key battery parameters of the battery cell. Based on these key battery parameters, it is possible to more accurately determine whether a battery cell is abnormal and the cause of the abnormality. Furthermore, when subsequent operation and maintenance processing of the battery cluster is required, more accurate operation and maintenance processing can be realized. By performing operation and maintenance on the battery cluster, the safety of the entire life cycle of the energy storage system where the battery cluster is located can be guaranteed, the service life of the energy storage system can be extended, and the investment income of the energy storage system can be guaranteed.

[0053] On the basis of any of the above embodiments, a corresponding threshold can be set for each key battery parameter, and the normal range can be determined based on the threshold; or, the distribution of the key battery parameters of multiple battery cells can also be used as a judgment basis, that is, a normal distribution range is preset in advance, and this normal distribution range is used as the normal range for judging whether a battery cell is abnormal. Or, it is also possible to comprehensively determine whether a battery cell is abnormal based on the above threshold and normal distribution range.

[0054] The process of step 102 "judging whether the battery cluster is abnormal" can include:

[0055] Step B1: Preset corresponding abnormal thresholds for the key battery parameters.

[0056] Step B2: When the key battery parameters of the battery cell exceed the abnormal threshold, it is determined that the battery cell in the battery cluster is abnormal.

[0057] As the battery cluster undergoes multiple charge and discharge cycles, various performance parameters of the battery cluster will change, and the key battery parameters will also change accordingly. Based on the changes in each key battery parameter, embodiments of the present invention can pre-set corresponding abnormal thresholds for them. If the key battery parameter of a single battery cell exceeds this abnormal threshold, it indicates that the single battery cell may be abnormal.

[0058] Among them, the key battery parameters can include internal resistance, capacity parameters, self-discharge parameters, etc., and the capacity parameters and self-discharge parameters can also include multiple parameters. Embodiments of the present invention can set corresponding abnormal thresholds for each key battery parameter respectively. Optionally, the abnormal threshold can be a threshold determined according to the key battery parameters in historical operation data or according to the safety parameters provided by the manufacturer. For example, the changes in the key battery parameters of a certain other single battery cell (or single battery cells with different health levels) during use can be collected to determine the abnormal threshold of the key battery parameter when a single battery cell fails.

[0059] Among them, embodiments of the present invention classify the state of an abnormal single battery cell into an abnormal state and a fault state. Therefore, multiple abnormal thresholds can be set for each key battery parameter to distinguish between the abnormal state and the fault state. The abnormal threshold can include a reliability threshold and a safety threshold. The reliability threshold is used to distinguish between the normal state and the abnormal state, and the safety threshold is used to distinguish between the abnormal state and the fault state. In some cases, the manufacturer can provide various safety parameters, and based on these safety parameters, the reliability threshold and the safety threshold can be determined.

[0060] For example, for the internal resistance, if the manufacturer determines that the reliability threshold and the safety threshold are 1.3 times and 3 times the initial internal resistance of the battery cell, respectively, then when the internal resistance of a certain battery cell exceeds 1.3 times the initial value and exceeds 3 times the initial value, it can be determined that the battery cell is in an abnormal state and a fault state, respectively, and a reliability alarm and a safety alarm can be issued.

[0061] For the self-discharge rate, if the manufacturer determines that the reliability threshold and the safety threshold are 2% / month and 5% / month, respectively, the voltage difference threshold between different times corresponding to near full charge is calculated according to the OCV-SOC curve, and a reliability alarm or a safety alarm is issued based on whether the OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) difference obtained by formal detection and equivalent detection exceeds the voltage difference threshold.

[0062] For the maximum capacity, lithium battery manufacturers generally provide a quality guarantee until the capacity decays to 80%, which can be considered as the reliability threshold. If the manufacturer takes the capacity decay to 50% of the initial value as the safety threshold, then a reliability alarm or a safety alarm is issued based on whether the actual detected value is lower than 50% and 80% of the initial value.

[0063] Since establishing an effective fault warning model is relatively complex, the main reasons are as follows: 1) The key battery parameters reflecting performance (such as internal resistance and capacity parameters, etc.) cannot be directly detected, but are obtained through calculation based on the changes in voltage and current; 2) It is often difficult to master how the key battery parameters gradually change from the normal state through the abnormal state to the fault state. In the embodiments of the present invention, an abnormal threshold r is determined based on the constant false alarm principle th , so as to be able to judge whether the single cell is faulty (whether it is in a fault state) while ensuring the false alarm rate, thereby effectively avoiding misjudgment. Among them, the abnormal threshold r th is: r th = (r1 + r0) / 2 + σ 2 lnλ / (r1 - r0); where r1 is the value corresponding to the determination of the abnormality of the key battery parameter, and r0 and σ respectively represent the average value and the mean square deviation value of the data stream when the key battery parameter is normal, and λ is a preset coefficient related to the confidence level.

[0064] Specifically, during the entire life cycle of the lithium battery, especially during the aging process, the key battery parameters such as internal resistance and self-discharge rate will gradually increase. When these key battery parameters exceed a certain threshold, the probability of their occurrence of abnormality or fault will increase significantly, corresponding to a significant increase in reliability problems and safety problems respectively. In the embodiments of the present invention, the value of a certain key battery parameter r when it is determined to be in a fault state is pre-determined as r1, and the average value r0 and the mean square deviation value σ of its data stream in the non-fault state (normal state and / or abnormal state) are determined. Through normalization processing, the coefficient of variation is t = σ / r0, the normalized value of r1 is x1 = (r1 - r0) / r0, and the normalized value of the key battery parameter r is x = (r - r0) / r0.

[0065] In the lithium battery fault determination system, H0 and H1 represent different alternative fault warning signals of the receiver; when the alternative fault warning signal is assumed to be H1, the fault determination output voltage is 1; when the alternative fault warning signal is assumed to be H0, the fault determination output voltage is 0. The input signal superimposes noise n(t) on the fault warning signal, and the additional noise n(t) can be Gaussian noise with zero mean and variance of 1. Try to construct a fault diagnosis and detection mechanism with a false alarm probability P F = a (such as a = 0.1, corresponding to a 90% confidence level at this time). There are four situations for the input of the receiver abnormal signal and the decision of the detector:

[0066] 1. H0 is true, judged as D0, that is, no fault signal is input, and the detector judges that there is no fault signal, which is called correct non-discovery;

[0067] 2. H0 is true, judged as D1, that is, no fault signal is input, and the detector judges that there is a fault signal, which is called a false alarm;

[0068] 3. If H1 is true and it is judged as D0, that is, there is a fault signal input but the detector judges it as no fault signal, which is called a missed alarm;

[0069] 4. If H1 is true and it is judged as D1, that is, there is a fault signal input and the detector judges it as having a fault signal, which is called a correct detection;

[0070] Among them, the first case and the fourth case belong to correct judgments, and the remaining two belong to wrong judgments.

[0071] Under the two hypotheses of H1 and H0, if r is the key parameter of the lithium battery (such as internal resistance) obtained from the data stream, r0 is the mean value under normal conditions, and r1 is the value during a fault (such as the mean value). Assuming that the variance of the battery key parameter is the same under normal and faulty conditions, denoted by σ, and introducing a Gaussian variable n with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1, then n×σ is the mean square error value of the battery eigenvalue. The output signal of the receiver can be written as:

[0072] H1: r = r1 + n×σ

[0073] H0: r = r0 + n×σ

[0074] Since, under these two hypotheses, the probability density functions of r are respectively:

[0075] p(r|H1) = (1 / 2π)exp(-(r - r1) 2 / 2σ 2 )

[0076] p(r|H0) = (1 / 2π)exp[-(r - r0) 2 / 2σ 2 )

[0077] The likelihood ratio is:

[0078] λ(r) = p(r|H1) / p(r|H0) = exp(-(r - r1) 2 / 2σ 2 ) / exp[-(r - r0) 2 / 2σ 2 )

[0079] Then the decision rule is: if λ(r) is greater than the preset threshold λ, it is judged that there is a fault signal input; if λ(r) is less than λ, it is judged that there is no fault signal. Written in the form of logarithmic likelihood ratio, the above formula is:

[0080] lnλ(r) = ln[p(r|H1) / p(r|H0)] = [(r - r0) / σ 2 ×[r - (r1 + r0) / 2]

[0081] Let \(r0'=(r1 + r0) / 2\), then

[0082] (r1 - r0)×(r - r0') = σ 2 lnλ

[0083] Substitute \(r0'\) into it and then divide both sides by \(r0\) 2 , let \(t = σ / r0\), \(x1=(r1 - r0) / r0\), \(x=(r - r0) / r0\), after normalization, the above equation becomes:

[0084] x1×[x - x1 / 2] = t 2 lnλ.

[0085] That is, \(x = x1 / 2 + t\) 2 lnλ / x1.

[0086] Where, λ is a parameter determined based on constant false alarm, and \(λ = p(z0|H1) / p(z0|H0)\), \(z0\) is the comparison threshold of the fault signal. The value of λ is related to the confidence level. For example, if a 90% confidence level is taken, then it corresponds to \(λ = 2.2\) or \(lnλ = 0.79\).

[0087] Correspondingly, the fault threshold \(x\) used to represent whether there is a fault th is: \(x\) th = x1 / 2+(t 2 / x1)lnλ.

[0088] At this time, the early warning criterion rule for judging whether the battery cluster is faulty becomes: If the fault signal \(x≥xth\), it is judged that there is a fault; if \(x < x\) th , it is judged that there is no fault.

[0089] For the battery key parameter \(r\), its abnormal threshold \(r\) corresponding to the above fault threshold \(x\) th is th r th =(r1 + r0) / 2 + σ 2 lnλ / (r1 - r0). In the case of \(λ = 2.2\), if the battery key parameter \(r\) of a certain cell monomer exceeds the corresponding abnormal threshold \(r\) th , it indicates that there is a 90% possibility that the cell monomer is faulty.

[0090] Alternatively, when judging whether it is abnormal based on the normal distribution range, the process of step 102 "judging whether the battery cluster is abnormal" can include:

[0091] Step B3: Determine whether the battery key parameters of the cell monomers exceed the normal distribution range according to the distribution of the battery key parameters of multiple cell monomers.

[0092] Step B4: Determine that the single battery cell is abnormal when the key battery parameters of the single battery cell exceed the normal distribution range.

[0093] In the embodiments of the present invention, under normal circumstances, the distribution of the key battery parameters should present a Gaussian distribution, and the distribution of the key battery parameters of multiple single battery cells can characterize the consistency of the key battery parameters. Among them, the normal distribution range can be set for each key battery parameter in advance, or, since each key battery parameter should conform to the Gaussian distribution, each key battery parameter can also be normalized, and the same normal distribution range can be set for the normalized key battery parameters. The embodiments of the present invention do not limit the method of setting the normal distribution range. For example, the key battery parameter should conform to the Gaussian distribution, and the key battery parameters of the single battery cell have a 95% probability of being within the 2σ range, where σ is the root mean square of Δt. That is to say, if the key battery parameter of a certain single battery cell in the battery cluster is not within the 2σ range, there is a 95% probability that the single battery cell is abnormal. Or, the key battery parameters of the single battery cell have a 99.7% probability of being within the 3σ range. If the key battery parameter of a certain single battery cell in the battery cluster is not within the 3σ range, there is a 99.7% probability that the single battery cell is abnormal. The normal distribution range for judging abnormality is related to the confidence level. When 2σ is used as the threshold of the normal distribution range, the confidence level is 95%, and when 3σ is used as the threshold of the normal distribution range, the confidence level is 99.7%.

[0094] In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the preset normal distribution range, internal resistance consistency diagnosis, self-discharge rate consistency diagnosis, capacity consistency diagnosis, etc. can be realized. For example, in a normal scenario, the self-discharge rate should present a Gaussian distribution, and the self-discharge rate of the single battery cell has a 95% probability of being within the 2σ range, where σ is the root mean square of the self-discharge rate. If the self-discharge rate of a certain single battery cell in the battery cluster is not within the 2σ range, there is a 95% probability that the single battery cell is abnormal.

[0095] In addition, although it is possible to judge whether a single battery cell is abnormal based on the normal distribution range, it is difficult to accurately distinguish whether the single battery cell is in an abnormal state or a fault state. Therefore, in this embodiment, a comprehensive judgment can also be achieved by combining the normal distribution range and the abnormal threshold. For example, when the key battery parameters of the single battery cell exceed the normal distribution range, it is determined that the single battery cell is abnormal; and if the key battery parameters of the single battery cell exceed the abnormal threshold (for example, the abnormal threshold r th ), it is determined that the single battery cell is in a fault state; if the key battery parameters of the single battery cell do not exceed the abnormal threshold, it is determined that the single battery cell is in an abnormal state.

[0096] Based on any of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention can determine the battery key parameters of each single cell based on the charge-discharge data during the charge-discharge process. The charge-discharge data includes the charge-discharge voltage, charge-discharge current, etc. of the single cell. For example, the charging voltages at multiple times can form a voltage-time series. Based on the charge-discharge data of each single cell, the respective battery key parameters can be determined.

[0097] In the embodiments of the present invention, the kth single cell to be analyzed in the battery cluster is referred to as the "kth cell", where k = 1, 2,..., n, and n represents the number of single cells. For the kth cell, a reference voltage V ksta of the kth cell can be determined based on the charge-discharge data of the kth cell, and the open-circuit voltage value OCV k of the kth cell can be determined, and then the internal resistance R k of the kth cell can be determined, which satisfies: R i = (V ksta - OCV k ) / I; where I represents the current value during the charge-discharge process. Among them, during the charge-discharge process, from the start time of the charge-discharge process to the process when the kth cell reaches the reference voltage V ksta , the charge-discharge process has a constant current, that is, the current value I is a fixed value.

[0098] For example, the reference voltage V ksta can be the voltage across the two ends of the kth cell after a certain period of time (such as 0.1 - 20 s, such as 10 s) at the start of constant-current charging. Or, during the constant-current charging process, the capacity Q k of the kth cell can be determined as Q = ∫Idt, and the differential change of this capacity Q k with respect to voltage can be obtained from the voltage-time series of the kth cell. In this embodiment, this differential change is referred to as the capacity-voltage differential; for lithium iron phosphate batteries, the capacity-voltage differential of the kth cell is dQ k / dV, and for ternary batteries, the capacity-voltage differential of the kth cell is d 2 Q k / dV 2 . In this embodiment, the voltage V kmax when the capacity-voltage differential reaches the maximum value can also be used as the reference voltage V ksta of the kth cell.

[0099] In an embodiment of the present invention, the capacity parameter of a single battery cell may include the maximum capacity, and / or other parameters that can represent the capacity size of the single battery cell. Among them, in this embodiment, a full charge-discharge process is performed on the battery cluster to be analyzed, and the full charge-discharge process includes a full charge process and / or a full discharge process, that is, the battery cluster can be fully charged and fully discharged.

[0100] Among them, full charge means that the battery cluster is charged from a fully discharged state to a fully charged state, and full discharge means that the battery cluster is discharged from a fully charged state to a fully discharged state. Moreover, at least a part of the full charge-discharge process has a constant current, that is, constant current charging or constant current discharging; for example, the entire full charge-discharge process has a constant current. For example, the full charge process is a charging process that starts after the battery cluster reaches the discharge cut-off voltage and ends when the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage; the full discharge process is a discharging process that starts after the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage and ends when the battery cluster reaches the discharge cut-off voltage. More capacity parameters can be calculated based on the full charge process or the full discharge process.

[0101] Generally, after the battery cluster undergoes multiple charge-discharge cycles, the capacities of the single battery cells therein will show inconsistency. The capacity distribution of a single battery cell can be seen in Figure 2 as shown Figure 2 which shows a capacity distribution of the k-th single battery cell. Since there is an irreversible charge-discharge region in the battery cell, in order to avoid irreversible reduction of the battery cell life caused by charging or discharging in the irreversible charge-discharge region, generally a cut-off voltage (including charge cut-off voltage and discharge cut-off voltage) is introduced for the battery cluster for charge-discharge management. Figure 2 The dark regions at the upper and lower ends in Figure 2 represent the irreversible charge-discharge regions. Except for this, the rest are reversible charge-discharge regions. The reversible charge-discharge region of the k-th single battery cell corresponds to k the region where the state of charge SOC

[0102] When the battery cluster is fully charged, that is, when the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage, the single battery cells therein should also be fully charged, that is, the SOC reaches 100%. For example, the state of charge SOC k of the k-th single battery cell k= 0; however, due to the discharge protection mechanism of the battery cluster, only a small amount or even one single battery cell is fully discharged at this time, and the capacities of the remaining single battery cells have not reached their limits. In practice, "fully charged" and "fully discharged" mainly refer to the battery cluster. Due to the inconsistency of single battery cells, it cannot be guaranteed that all single battery cells can reach full charge or full discharge.

[0103] If the start time of the complete charge-discharge process of the battery cluster is t k,begin , and the end time is t k,end , then the start time of the complete charge-discharge process of each single battery cell in the battery cluster is also t k,begin , and the end time is also t k,end . Figure 2 Taking the example of performing a complete charge process on the battery cluster, that is, the battery cluster is charged from the discharge cut-off voltage to the charge cut-off voltage, as Figure 2 shown, t k,begin represents the start time of the complete charge process, and t k,end represents the end time of the complete charge process. As Figure 2 shown, for the k-th single battery cell, when the battery cluster is fully charged and reaches the charge cut-off voltage, that is, at t k,end , the electric quantity of the k-th single battery cell at this time is represented as C k,discharge . The value of this electric quantity C k,discharge can represent the capacity that the k-th single battery cell can discharge after the battery cluster is fully charged. In this embodiment, it is called the "dischargeable capacity". Due to the inconsistency of single battery cells, the state of charge of the k-th single battery cell at the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster (i.e., t k,end ) is not necessarily 100%. In this embodiment, the state of charge of the k-th single battery cell at the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster is called the "charge end state of charge", and is represented by SOC k,end . And, at the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster, the k-th single battery cell may not be fully charged, and it can continue to charge a part of the electric quantity, that is, the k-th single battery cell still has the "capacity that can be continuously charged at the charge cut-off moment". In this embodiment, C k,chrend is used to represent the capacity that the k-th single battery cell can continue to charge when it reaches the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster.

[0104] Similarly, when the battery cluster is fully discharged and reaches the discharge cut-off voltage, that is, at t k,begin , the k-th single battery cell still has a part of the electric quantity that cannot be discharged, that is, C k,disend . This part of the electric quantity can represent the capacity that the k-th single battery cell can continue to discharge when it reaches the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster. And, from the start time t k,beginAt the beginning, if the inconsistency between the individual battery cells is not considered, the k-th individual battery cell should be able to be fully charged, and its state of charge can reach 100%. In this embodiment, the amount of electricity that the k-th individual battery cell should be able to charge is used to represent the capacity corresponding to the k-th individual battery cell from the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery cluster to full charge, and is called the "rechargeable capacity", denoted by C k,charge for representation.

[0105] Figure 2 Schematically shows several capacity parameters of the individual battery cell. Taking the k-th individual battery cell as an example, its capacity parameters may include: the capacity C k,chrend that the k-th individual battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster, the capacity C k,disend that the k-th individual battery cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster, the rechargeable capacity C k,charge of the k-th individual battery cell, the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge of the k-th individual battery cell, etc. And as Figure 2 shown, the maximum capacity Q kmax of the k-th individual battery cell is the sum of the rechargeable capacity C k,charge of the k-th individual battery cell and the capacity C k,disend that can continue to be discharged at the discharge cut-off moment, and is also the sum of the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge of the k-th individual battery cell and the capacity C k,chrend that can continue to be charged at the charge cut-off moment; that is, Q kmax =C k,charge +C k,disend =C k,discharge +C k,chrend .

[0106] Optionally, in the embodiments of the present invention, the time and state of charge during the charge and discharge process are used to accurately determine the capacity parameters of the battery cluster. Step 101 "Perform a charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed and determine the key battery parameters of multiple individual battery cells in the battery cluster" may include:

[0107] Step C1: Perform a full charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed and determine the capacity voltage differential of multiple individual battery cells in the battery cluster at different times; wherein, the full charge and discharge process in at least some time periods has a constant current.

[0108] In the embodiments of the present invention, when performing a full charge and discharge process on the battery cluster, existing detection equipment can be used to extract the charge and discharge data such as voltage and current of each individual battery cell in the battery cluster in real time, so that the capacity voltage differential of multiple individual battery cells in the battery cluster at different times can be determined, that is, the relationship between the capacity voltage differential of the individual battery cell and time can be determined. For a lithium iron phosphate battery, the capacity voltage differential of the i-th individual battery cell is represented by dQ i / dV. For a ternary battery, the capacity voltage differential of the i-th battery cell monomer is represented by d 2 Q i / dV 2 .

[0109] Step C2: Determine the first time, the first state of charge when the capacity voltage differential of the battery cell monomer reaches the first peak, the second time when it reaches the second peak, and the second state of charge, and determine the capacity parameter of the battery cell monomer based on the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge; the second state of charge is greater than the first state of charge.

[0110] Among them, in the embodiments of the present invention, the characteristics that the capacity voltage differentials of battery cell monomers with different states of health (SOH) reach peaks are used to determine the capacity parameters of the corresponding battery cell monomers. Specifically, for the battery cells in the same battery cluster, the relationship between the capacity voltage differential and the state of charge (SOC) under different SOHs can be seen in Figure 3 as shown Figure 3 Let dq / dv represent the capacity voltage differential. From Figure 3 it can be seen that as the SOH of the battery cell gradually decreases, the SOC values corresponding to the I peak and the II peak are almost unchanged, and it can be considered that the SOC is a fixed value. Therefore, the SOC values corresponding to when the capacity voltage differential reaches the I peak and the II peak can be determined in advance.

[0111] For the battery cluster to be analyzed, the first time, the first state of charge when the capacity voltage differential of the battery cell monomer reaches the first peak, the second time when it reaches the second peak, and the second state of charge can be determined. Among them, the first peak and the second peak are the peaks with fixed SOCs for the capacity voltage differential under different SOHs. The first peak can be: the first peak reached by the capacity voltage differential as the state of charge increases; such as Figure 3 the I peak in Figure 3 ; the second peak can be: the peak when the capacity voltage differential reaches the maximum value; such as

[0112] During the full charge and discharge process, if the current is represented by I, the electric quantity Q of a single battery cell is Q = ∫Idt. Since the charge and discharge process is a constant current charge and discharge, as time changes, the state of charge changes linearly. Therefore, the relationship between the differential of capacity voltage and the state of charge and the relationship between the differential of capacity voltage and time are similar. Thus, as time changes, when the differential of capacity voltage reaches the corresponding peak, the state of charge also reaches the corresponding peak. By using the differential of capacity voltage of a single battery cell at different times, the time when the differential of capacity voltage reaches the first peak, i.e., the first time, can be determined, and the state of charge of the single battery cell at this time, i.e., the first state of charge, can be determined. Similarly, the time when the differential of capacity voltage reaches the second peak, i.e., the second time, can be determined, and the state of charge of the single battery cell at this time, i.e., the second state of charge, can be determined. Among them, since the first state of charge and the second state of charge are fixed values, the two can be determined in advance. To facilitate the distinction between the first peak and the second peak, in this embodiment, the peak with a larger state of charge is called the second peak, that is, the second state of charge is greater than the first state of charge.

[0113] After determining parameters such as the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge, the capacity parameters of the single battery cell can be determined based on these parameters. For example, if the first state of charge of the k-th single battery cell reaching the first peak is SOC k,I peak , and the second state of charge of reaching the second peak is SOC k,II peak , then the difference in the state of charge ΔSOC k between the first peak and the second peak of the k-th single battery cell can be determined, and ΔSOC k = SOC k,II peak - SOC k,I peak . Among them, since the first state of charge and the second state of charge are generally fixed values, the difference between the two can also be determined in advance, that is, ΔSOC k is determined in advance, and for different k values, this difference in the state of charge ΔSOC k is also the same.

[0114] Moreover, the capacity difference ΔQ k between the first peak and the second peak of the k-th single battery cell can be determined, and then the maximum capacity Q kmax of the k-th single battery cell can be determined, and the maximum capacity satisfies: Q kmax = 100% × ΔQ k / ΔSOC k . Among them, the capacity difference ΔQ k = Q k2 - Q k1 , and this Q k2 represents the capacity of the k-th single battery cell reaching the second peak, such as the capacity when reaching the II peak, Q k1It represents the capacity of the k-th battery cell monomer reaching the first peak, such as the capacity when reaching Peak I. Specifically, it can be based on the first time t of the k-th battery cell monomer k,I peak , the second time t k,II peak and the current value I during the full charge and discharge process to determine the capacity difference ΔQ k . For example, to determine the capacity difference ΔQ between the first peak and the second peak of the k-th battery cell monomer k , it includes: according to the first time t when the k-th battery cell monomer reaches the first peak k,I peak and the second time t when reaching the second peak k,II peak to determine the capacity difference ΔQ between the first peak and the second peak k , and I represents the current value during the full charge and discharge process.

[0115] It should be noted that in order to accurately locate the first peak and the second peak, a constant current is required from a relatively small state of charge to the second peak (i.e., the second state of charge). For example, if the full charge and discharge process includes a full charge process, a constant current can be present in the time period from the start time of charging to when all battery cell monomers reach the second peak (e.g., the maximum value of the second time); if the full charge and discharge process includes a full discharge process, a constant current can be present in the time period from the time when the first of multiple battery cell monomers reaches the second peak (e.g., the minimum value of the second time) to the end time of discharge.

[0116] Embodiments of the present invention utilize the characteristic that the state of charge is relatively fixed when the capacity voltage differential reaches the peak, and use the time and state of charge during the charge and discharge process to accurately determine the capacity parameters of the battery cell monomers in the battery cluster, realizing the quantification of the capacity of each battery cell monomer. This method can determine the capacity parameters of each battery cell monomer without disassembling the battery cluster, avoiding waste of resources, and can quickly and accurately determine the capacity parameters through a single full charge and discharge process. This method has a small amount of calculation and is easy to implement, and can accurately perform quantitative analysis on the battery cluster; and various capacity parameters can be determined using the full charge and discharge process, facilitating quantitative analysis of the operation and maintenance effects such as balancing the battery cluster during subsequent operation and maintenance processing.

[0117] In embodiments of the present invention, based on the time, state of charge, etc. of the k-th battery cell monomer during the full charge and discharge process, the end-of-charge state of charge SOC of the k-th battery cell monomer can be determined k,end , and further various capacity parameters of the k-th battery cell monomer can be determined. Specifically, the above step C2 "determine the capacity parameters of the battery cell monomer according to the first time, the first state of charge, the second time and the second state of charge" can further include:

[0118] Step C21: According to the target time, target state of charge when the k-th battery cell monomer reaches the target peak and the maximum capacity Q of the k-th battery cell monomerkmax , determine the end-of-charge state of charge (SOC) of the k-th cell at the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,end ; The target peak is the first peak or the second peak, and the target time is the corresponding first time or second time.

[0119] When the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage or the discharge cut-off voltage, due to the inconsistent states of different cells in the battery cluster, it is impossible to directly determine the state of charge of each cell at this time; in the embodiments of the present invention, taking advantage of the fact that the state of charge of the first peak or the second peak can be obtained, the first peak or the second peak is used as the target peak, and based on the charge and discharge data and the maximum capacity Q during the full charge and discharge process kmax Determine the state of charge between the target peak and the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster, and then the end-of-charge state of charge (SOC) of the k-th cell can be determined k,end .

[0120] Optionally, when the full charge and discharge process includes a full charge process, the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster corresponds to the end-of-charge time t of the full charge process k,chrend , if the current value during the full charge process is I, then from the target time t of the target peak k,T peak to the charge of the battery cluster at the charge cut-off moment is The state of charge corresponding to this part of the charge is Therefore, the end-of-charge state of charge (SOC) of the k-th cell k,end satisfies:[[]]END]]

[0121]

[0122] Taking the target peak as the second peak as an example, that is, the target state of charge is SOC k,II peak , the target time is t k,II peak , then the end-of-charge state of charge (SOC) of the k-th cell k,end satisfies:[[]]END]]

[0123] Similarly, when the full charge and discharge process includes a full discharge process, the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster corresponds to the discharge start time t of the full discharge process k,disbegin , if the current value during the full discharge process is I, then the target time t of the target peak k,T peak and the charge between the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster is The state of charge corresponding to this part of the charge is Therefore, the end-of-charge state of charge (SOC) of the k-th cell k,end satisfies:[[]]END]]

[0124]

[0125] Among them, SOC k,T peak represents the state of charge of the target peak, and t k,T peak represents the target time of the target peak, and t k,chrend represents the charging end time of the k-th battery cell, and t k,disbegin represents the discharge start time of the k-th battery cell.

[0126] Step C22: Based on the charging end state of charge SOC k,end of the k-th battery cell, determine the capacity C that the k-th battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off time of the battery cluster k,chrend , and the capacity C that the k-th battery cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster k,disend , and the capacity C that can continue to charge at the charging cut-off time k,chrend and the capacity C that can continue to discharge at the discharge cut-off time k,disend satisfy:

[0127] C k,chrend =(1 - SOC k,end )×Q kmax ;

[0128]

[0129] Among them, t k,begin represents the start time of the full charge and discharge process of the k-th battery cell, t k,end represents the end time of the full charge and discharge process of the k-th battery cell, and I represents the current value during the full charge and discharge process.

[0130] In the embodiments of the present invention, after determining the charging end state of charge SOC k,end , by using the relationship between the capacity parameter and SOC k,end , the maximum capacity Q kmax , the corresponding capacity parameter can be determined. Specifically, based on Figure 3 , it can be known that the maximum capacity Q kmax of the k-th battery cell corresponds to a state of charge of 100%, and the capacity C k,chrend that it can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off time of the battery cluster corresponds to a state of charge of 1 - SOC k,end , and the capacity C k,chrend satisfies: C k,chrend =(1 - SOC k,end )×Q kmax .

[0131] During the full charge and discharge process, if its start time is t k,begin , and the end time is t k,end , then the electric quantity corresponding to the entire full charge and discharge process (charging electric quantity or discharging electric quantity) is The sum of it and the capacity C that can still be discharged at the discharge cut-off moment k,disend is the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge , corresponding to the state of charge SOC at the end of charging k,end , so the capacity C k,disend satisfies:

[0132] Similarly, if the capacity parameter includes the rechargeable capacity and the dischargeable capacity, after determining the state of charge at the end of charging in step C21 above, step C2 "determine the capacity parameter of the single cell according to the first time, the first state of charge, the second time and the second state of charge" may further include:

[0133] Step C23: Determine the rechargeable capacity C of the k-th single cell k,charge and the dischargeable capacity C of the k-th single cell k,discharge , and the rechargeable capacity C k,charge and the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge satisfy:

[0134]

[0135] C k,discharge = SOC k,end ×Q kmax .

[0136] In the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 shown, the dischargeable capacity C of the k-th single cell k,discharge corresponds to the state of charge SOC at the end of charging k,end , so the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge satisfies: C k,discharge = SOC k,end ×Q kmax . Correspondingly, the rechargeable capacity C k,charge includes the electric quantity corresponding to the complete charge and discharge process and the capacity C k,chrend that can still be charged at the charging cut-off moment, so the rechargeable capacity C k,charge satisfies, that is

[0137] It should be noted that since the maximum capacity Q kmax can be divided into multiple parts, the capacity parameters determined in this embodiment can be expressed in a variety of forms. Since different forms are equivalent, this embodiment only describes and defines the logical relationship that the capacity parameters need to satisfy, rather than limiting that the corresponding capacity parameters must be calculated using the above formula in practical applications. For example, the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge satisfies: C k,discharge = SOC k,end ×Qkmax , after determining the Q of the k-th battery cell kmax and SOC k,end , C can be directly determined using this formula k,discharge ; or, as Figure 2 shown Therefore, C can also be calculated after determining C k,disend . Although the actual processes of calculating the above-mentioned C k,discharge are different, they are essentially the same, and the calculated dischargeable capacity C k,discharge all satisfy: C k,discharge = SOC k,discharge × Q k,end kmax .

[0138] Optionally, in the embodiments of the present invention, the self-discharge situation of the battery cell can also be represented by the full charge time difference, that is, the self-discharge parameter includes the full charge time difference. Wherein, the full charge time difference of the k-th battery cell in the battery cluster is the difference between the full charge time of the k-th battery cell and the full charge time of the reference battery cell in the battery cluster.

[0139] In the embodiments of the present invention, the reference battery cell can be the battery cell corresponding to the median of the voltage distribution in the battery cluster, or the reference battery cell can also be the battery cell that is fully charged first in the battery cluster. Among them, the charging curve of each battery cell in the battery cluster can be determined, so that the difference Δt between the full charge time of each battery cell charging curve and the full charge time of the reference battery cell can be extracted; as Figure 4 shown Figure 4 shows the charging curves of multiple battery cells, which takes the battery cell corresponding to the median of the voltage distribution in the battery cluster as the reference battery cell, and the full charge time of the reference battery cell is t n,0 , the full charge time of the j-th battery cell is t n,j , then the difference Δt n,j between them is the full charge time difference of the j-th battery cell. In addition, Figure 4 the j-th battery cell in

[0140] is also the battery cell that is fully charged first, that is, the j-th battery cell can also be used as the reference battery cell. k,charge represents the rechargeable capacity of the k-th battery cell from the start of charging to full charge. In the case of constant current throughout the entire full charge and discharge process (the current value is I), assuming the full charge time of the k-th cell is t k,full , the calculation formula is t k,full = C k,charge / I. After determining the full charge time of each battery cell, the difference in full charge time between each battery cell and the standard battery cell can be determined. For example, the reference battery cell is the battery cell that is fully charged first, that is, the difference in full charge time is relative to the shortest charging time. Assume that the shortest charging time among all battery cells is t min , then the difference in full charge time Δt of the k-th battery cell when fully charged k =t k,full -t min .

[0141] In a normal scenario, the difference in full charge time Δt relative to the reference battery cell should follow a Gaussian distribution, and there is a 95% probability within the range of 2σ, where σ is the mean square value of Δt. That is to say, if the Δt of a certain battery cell in the battery cluster is not within the range of 2σ, there is a 95% probability that this battery cell has an abnormality, and it is worth further exploring the root cause of the abnormality. In some cases, it is very likely that its self-discharge rate is too high.

[0142] Based on the above embodiments, when a certain battery cell in the battery cluster is abnormal, at this time, operation and maintenance processing can be performed on the battery cell, such as replacing the battery cell, or charging or discharging the battery cell to achieve balance, thereby improving the overall charge and discharge performance of the battery cluster. In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the above capacity parameters, the operation and maintenance effect of the battery cluster can be quantitatively analyzed. The above step 103 "performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster" may include:

[0143] Step D1: Determine the j-th battery cell that is fully charged first in the battery cluster and the j'-th battery cell that is fully charged first except for the j-th battery cell according to the size of the capacity that can be further charged at the charging cut-off moment of each battery cell.

[0144] Step D2: If the j-th battery cell is replaced, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C j',chrend .

[0145] Step D3: If the j-th battery cell is separately discharged to the cut-off voltage after the battery cluster is discharged to cut-off, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C j',chrend , C j,disend .

[0146] Alternatively, the above step 103 "performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster" may also include:

[0147] Step E1: Determine the i-th battery cell that is fully discharged first in the battery cluster and the i'-th battery cell that is fully discharged first except for the i-th battery cell according to the size of the capacity that can be further discharged at the discharge cut-off moment of each battery cell.

[0148] Step E2: If the i-th battery cell is replaced, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by Ci',disend .

[0149] Step E3: If the i-th single battery cell is charged separately to the cut-off voltage after the battery cluster charging cut-off, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C i',disend , C i,chrend .

[0150] The inconsistency of different single battery cells in the battery cluster is mainly manifested as follows: the rechargeable capacity and dischargeable capacity of different single battery cells are different, or the capacity that can continue to be charged when reaching the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster and the capacity that can continue to be discharged when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster are different. That is, for different k-th single battery cells, C k,charge , C k,discharge , C k,chrend , C k,disend may all have differences. In the embodiments of the present invention, after a complete charging process or a complete discharge process of the battery cluster, the capacity parameters of multiple single battery cells therein can be determined. Furthermore, using the capacity parameters of each single battery cell, it is possible to determine which single battery cell is the first to be fully charged when charging the battery cluster and which single battery cell is the first to be fully discharged when discharging the battery cluster.

[0151] Among them, the smaller the capacity that a single battery cell can continue to be charged when reaching the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster, the earlier the single battery cell can reach full charge. That is, the single battery cell with the smallest capacity C k,chrend reaches full charge first. For example, if the capacity C j,chrend that the j-th single battery cell can continue to be charged when reaching the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster is the smallest, then the first single battery cell to be fully charged in the battery cluster is the j-th single battery cell. Similarly, the smaller the capacity that a single battery cell can continue to be discharged when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster, the earlier the single battery cell can reach full discharge. That is, the single battery cell with the smallest capacity C k,disend reaches full discharge first. For example, if the capacity C i,disend that the i-th single battery cell can continue to be discharged when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster is the smallest, then the first single battery cell to be fully discharged in the battery cluster is the i-th single battery cell. Generally, if the j-th single battery cell is the first to be fully charged, then C j,chrend = 0; if the i-th single battery cell is the first to be fully discharged, then C i,disend = 0. Based on the same principle, the single battery cell that is the second to be fully charged can be determined, that is, the j'-th single battery cell that is the first to be fully charged except for the j-th single battery cell, and C j',chrend is the second smallest; the single battery cell that is the second to be fully discharged can also be determined, that is, the i'-th single battery cell that is the first to be fully discharged except for the i-th single battery cell, and C i',disend is also the second smallest. A capacity schematic diagram of the single battery cells j, j', i, and i' can be seen in Figure 5As shown. Those skilled in the art can understand that during the full charge and discharge process of the battery cluster, the current I of different single battery cells is the same, and the start time t k,begin and the end time t k,end of the full charge and discharge process are also the same. Therefore, the capacities of different single battery cells are also the same. However, compared with the capacity of the entire single battery cell, at the start time or end time, the electricity amounts of different single battery cells may be different. Figure 5 Just for the convenience of comparison, the capacities of different single battery cells are aligned.

[0152] Among them, the j-th single battery cell is the first to be fully charged, which may be normal or abnormal. If the j-th single battery cell is abnormal and the j-th single battery cell is replaced, that is, the j-th single battery cell is replaced with a new healthy single battery cell new, then the first fully charged single battery cell in the replaced battery cluster is the j'-th single battery cell. When charging the replaced battery cluster, the j'-th single battery cell can reach full charge, that is, the capacity that the j'-th single battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster is zero. It is equivalent that the replaced battery cluster can charge more electricity of C j',chrend , that is, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster can be increased by C j',chrend . After replacing the j-th single battery cell with a new single battery cell new, the improvement effect of the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster can be seen in Figure 6 as shown.

[0153] Or, when the j-th single battery cell is still available, for example, when the health degree of the j-th single battery cell still meets the usage requirements, the j-th single battery cell can not be replaced. At this time, the inconsistency effect between the single battery cells in the battery cluster can be reduced by discharging the j-th single battery cell, so as to achieve balance. Specifically, the j-th single battery cell can be discharged alone to the cut-off voltage. For example, the battery cluster can be discharged to the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery cluster first, and then the j-th single battery cell can be discharged alone and discharged to the cut-off voltage of the j-th single battery cell, so that the state of charge SOC j of the j-th single battery cell = 0. After that, when charging the battery cluster again, the j-th single battery cell can start charging from a state of charge of zero until the battery cluster is fully charged. At this time, the full charge of the battery cluster is determined by the size relationship between the capacity C j,disend that the j-th single battery cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster before discharging the j-th single battery cell alone and the capacity C j',chrend that the j'-th single battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster. As shown in Figure 7 , if C j,disend is greater than C j',chrend, then the j'-th battery cell reaches full charge first, and the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C j',chrend . Or, as shown in Figure 8 , if C j,disend is less than C j',chrend , then the j-th battery cell reaches full charge first, and the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C j,disend . That is, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C j',chrend , C j,disend . This balancing method that can improve the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster can also be called charging balance.

[0154] Similarly, replacing or separately charging the i-th battery cell that discharges first can increase the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster, and through the capacity parameters determined in this embodiment, the improvement effect of the effective discharge capacity can be quantitatively analyzed.

[0155] If the i-th battery cell is replaced, that is, the i-th battery cell is replaced with a new and healthy battery cell, then the first battery cell to reach full discharge in the replaced battery cluster is the i'-th battery cell. When the replaced battery cluster is discharged, the i'-th battery cell can reach full discharge, that is, the capacity that the i'-th battery cell can continue to discharge when it reaches the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster is zero; it is equivalent to that the replaced battery cluster can discharge more C i',chrend of electricity than the previous battery cluster, that is, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster can be increased by C i',chrend .

[0156] Or, when the i-th battery cell is still available, for example, when the health of the i-th battery cell still meets the usage requirements, the i-th battery cell can not be replaced. At this time, the inconsistency effect between the battery cells in the battery cluster can be reduced by charging the i-th battery cell, so as to achieve balance. Specifically, the i-th battery cell can be separately charged to the cut-off voltage. For example, the battery cluster can be first charged to the charging cut-off voltage of the battery cluster, and then the i-th battery cell is separately charged and charged to the cut-off voltage of the i-th battery cell, so that the state of charge SOC i of the i-th battery cell = 100%. Then, when the battery cluster is discharged again, the i-th battery cell can start discharging from the state of charge of 100% until the battery cluster is fully discharged; at this time, the full discharge of the battery cluster is determined by the size relationship between the capacity C i,chrend that the i-th battery cell can continue to charge when it reaches the charging cut-off time of the battery cluster and the capacity C i',disend that the i'-th battery cell can continue to discharge when it reaches the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster before the i-th battery cell is separately charged. If C i,chrend is greater than C i',disend, then the i'-th battery cell reaches full discharge first, and the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C i',disend . Or, if C i,chrend is less than C i',disend , then the i-th battery cell reaches full discharge first, and the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C i,chrend . That is, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C i,chrend , C i',disend . This balancing method that can improve the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster can also be called discharge balancing.

[0157] Among them, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster refers to the capacity that can be charged into the fully discharged battery cluster, and the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster refers to the capacity that can be discharged from the fully charged battery cluster.

[0158] In addition, it should be noted that in some battery clusters, it is difficult to replace or charge and discharge a single battery cell. In this case, the battery module where the abnormal battery cell is located can be replaced or charged and discharged. The determined second fully charged j'-th battery cell or the second fully discharged i'-th battery cell refers to the battery cells other than those in the battery module where the abnormal battery cell is located. For example, "the j'-th battery cell that is fully charged first except for the j-th battery cell" refers to the j'-th battery cell that is fully charged first except for the battery module where the j-th battery cell is located, that is, the j-th battery cell and the j'-th battery cell are not in the same battery module. "The i'-th battery cell that is fully discharged first except for the i-th battery cell" refers to the i'-th battery cell that is fully discharged first except for the battery module where the i-th battery cell is located, that is, the i-th battery cell and the i'-th battery cell are not in the same battery module.

[0159] In the embodiments of the present invention, by using the capacity parameters of multiple battery cells, when performing operation and maintenance processing such as replacement or balancing of the battery cluster, the operation and maintenance effect can be quantified, and the rationality of the operation and maintenance plan can be accurately evaluated.

[0160] Optionally, the embodiments of the present invention can also achieve precise operation and maintenance based on key battery parameters. The above step 103 "performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster" can include:

[0161] Step F1: When the full charge time difference of the k-th battery cell is abnormal and the internal resistance is normal, charge the k-th battery cell alone to the cut-off voltage.

[0162] Step F2: When the internal resistance of the k-th battery cell is abnormal and the full charge time difference is normal, discharge the k-th battery cell alone to the cut-off voltage.

[0163] In the embodiments of the present invention, "abnormal full charge time difference" mainly refers to a relatively large full charge time difference and a relatively large difference in full charge time difference from other battery cell monomers. For the k-th battery cell monomer, if its full charge time difference Δt k is abnormal, it indicates that the k-th battery cell monomer is still some distance away from full charge, or it indicates that the k-th battery cell monomer will reach full discharge prematurely during discharge, and the self-discharge of the k-th battery cell monomer is abnormal; moreover, if the internal resistance R k of the k-th battery cell monomer is normal, it indicates that the deterioration of the k-th battery cell monomer is not serious. At this time, charging the k-th battery cell monomer alone may increase the capacity of the entire cluster (group); at this time, it can be charged alone so that the k-th battery cell monomer can reach full charge or approach full charge, reducing the full charge time difference. Specifically, after the battery cluster charging is cut off, the k-th battery cell monomer can be charged alone to the cut-off voltage. For example, the battery cluster can be charged to the charging cut-off voltage of the battery cluster first, and then the k-th battery cell monomer can be charged alone and charged to the cut-off voltage of the k-th battery cell monomer, so that the state of charge SOC k of the k-th battery cell monomer = 100%.

[0164] If the single charging only improves temporarily or has limited improvement, it means that the k-th battery cell monomer has an irrecoverable self-discharge problem (such as lithium dendrites have been formed). At this time, the k-th battery cell monomer can be replaced.

[0165] If the full charge time difference Δt k of the k-th battery cell monomer is normal, it indicates that the capacity consistency of the battery cluster is good; if the internal resistance R k of the k-th battery cell monomer is abnormal, since the internal resistance generally increases, at this time, due to the too large internal resistance, the charging is too fast, and this battery cell monomer is often the first to be fully charged in the whole cluster. Then, it is necessary to discharge it to increase the effective capacity of the whole cluster (group). In the embodiments of the present invention, after the battery cluster discharge is cut off, the k-th battery cell monomer can be discharged alone to the cut-off voltage to increase the capacity of the battery cluster. For example, the battery cluster can be discharged to the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery cluster first, and then the k-th battery cell monomer can be discharged alone and discharged to the cut-off voltage of the k-th battery cell monomer, so that the state of charge SOC k of the k-th battery cell monomer = 0.

[0166] If the internal resistance R k and the full charge time difference Δt k of the k-th battery cell monomer are both abnormal, then maintenance can be carried out by replacing the k-th battery cell monomer. Or, the two-dimensional normal distribution of the internal resistance and the full charge time difference can also be used to more precisely determine whether to replace the k-th battery cell monomer or perform balancing (such as the above-mentioned charge balancing and discharge balancing) when both the internal resistance R k and the full charge time difference Δt k are abnormal.

[0167] The following are several specific application examples of the present invention:

[0168] Application Example 1:

[0169] The test object used is a universal 2-in-12 series lithium iron phosphate ladder battery pack (including No. 1, No. 2... No. 11, No. 12), with a capacity of 33.8 Ah. The charge and discharge cut-off voltages are 3.6 V and 2.7 V respectively, and the charge and discharge currents are 1C and 0.2C respectively. When testing, arbin evts600V / 300A test equipment and TU410-5 temperature control box are selected, and the temperature range is -20°C to +130°C. The temperature during the whole test process is a constant 25°C.

[0170] Key battery parameters such as the internal resistance, capacity parameter, and full charge time difference of each single cell are obtained from dQ / dV. The internal resistance of each single cell in the battery pack is as Figure 9 shown. It is found that the internal resistance of the No. 2 battery exceeds the threshold value calculated and analyzed by the model. The full charge time difference Δt of each single cell in the battery pack is as Figure 10 shown. It is found that the charging time of the No. 2 battery exceeds the threshold value calculated and analyzed by the model, and the No. 2 single cell is the first to be fully charged and the first to be fully discharged, and it is difficult to achieve balance. At this time, the No. 2 single cell needs to be replaced. Among them, the first to be fully discharged except the No. 2 single cell is the No. 5 single cell, and the capacity C 5,disend that can be continuously discharged at the discharge cut-off moment is 4.141180371 Ah. Therefore, after replacing the No. 2 single cell, the effective discharge capacity of the lithium iron phosphate ladder battery pack is increased by 4.141180371 Ah, and the electricity that can be discharged more is 4.141180371 Ah. The discharge capacity of the battery pack is increased by 4.141180371 / 33.8 = 12.57%. And the No. 5 single cell is also the first to be fully charged except the No. 2 single cell, and the capacity C 5,chrend that can be continuously charged at the charge cut-off moment is 9.101463607 Ah. The charging capacity of the battery pack is increased by 9.101463607 / 33.8 = 26.96%.

[0171] Application Example 2:

[0172] The test object used is a State Grid 1-in-16 series lithium iron phosphate ladder battery pack (including No. 1, No. 2... No. 15, No. 16), with a capacity of 21.7 Ah. The charge and discharge cut-off voltages are 3.6 V and 2.7 V respectively, and the charge and discharge currents are 0.7C and 0.7C respectively. When testing, a 100V / 300A battery module charge and discharge test system of Qingdao Decaron and an ESPEC battery module environmental simulation test chamber are selected, and the temperature range is -40°C to +100°C. The temperature during the whole test process is a constant 25°C.

[0173] Obtain key battery parameters such as the internal resistance, capacity parameter, and full charge time difference of each battery cell from dQ / dV. The internal resistances of the battery cells in the battery pack are as Figure 11 shown. It is found that the internal resistance of cell No. 15 exceeds the threshold calculated and analyzed by the model; the full charge time difference Δt of each battery cell in the battery pack is as Figure 12 shown. It is found that the charging time of cell No. 13 exceeds the threshold calculated and analyzed by the model. The abnormal cells shown by the relevant key battery parameters are not the same. Consider using an equalization method to improve the overall capacity of the battery module. Through analysis, it is found that cell No. 13 is the first to be fully discharged, and the capacity C 13,disend that can be continuously discharged at the discharge cut-off moment is 0 Ah. Except for cell No. 13, cell No. 16 is the first to be fully discharged, and the capacity C 16,disend that can be continuously discharged at the discharge cut-off moment of cell No. 16 is 7.8 Ah. The capacity C 13,chrend that can be continuously charged at the charge cut-off moment of cell No. 13 is 9.165 Ah, which is greater than C 16,disend . Through calculation, it is found that by equalizing cell No. 13, that is, when the battery pack is charged to the cut-off voltage (at this time, cell No. 13 is not fully charged and can continue to charge 9.165 Ah), then charge cell No. 13 alone to make the additional charge higher than 7.8 Ah. For example, charge cell No. 13 to the cut-off voltage. At this time, discharge the entire battery pack, and the overall discharge capacity can be increased by 7.8 Ah, which can increase the overall discharge capacity of the battery pack by 7.8 / 21.7 = 35.9%.

[0174] The operation and maintenance method of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above. This method can also be implemented by a corresponding device. The operation and maintenance device of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0175] Figure 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of an operation and maintenance device of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 13 shown, the operation and maintenance device of the battery includes:

[0176] A charge and discharge module 21, configured to perform a charge and discharge process on a battery cluster to be analyzed, and determine key battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the battery cluster; the key battery parameters include internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter;

[0177] An analysis module 22, configured to determine whether the battery cluster is abnormal according to whether the key battery parameters of the battery cells in the battery cluster exceed the normal range;

[0178] An operation and maintenance module 23, configured to perform operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster when the battery cluster is abnormal.

[0179] Based on the above embodiments, the analysis module 22 determines whether the battery cluster is abnormal, including:

[0180] Pre-set corresponding abnormal thresholds for the battery key parameters;

[0181] When the battery key parameters of the battery cell exceed the abnormal threshold, it is determined that the battery cell in the battery cluster is abnormal.

[0182] Based on the above embodiments, the abnormal threshold is a threshold determined according to the battery key parameters in the historical operation data or according to the safety parameters provided by the manufacturer;

[0183] Or, the abnormal threshold r th is: r th =(r1 + r0) / 2 + σ 2 lnλ / (r1 - r0); where r1 is the value corresponding to the determination of the abnormality of the battery key parameters, r0 and σ respectively represent the average value and the mean square deviation value of the data stream when the battery key parameters are normal, and λ is a preset coefficient related to the confidence level.

[0184] Based on the above embodiments, the analysis module 22 determines whether the battery cluster is abnormal, including:

[0185] Determine whether the battery key parameters of the battery cell exceed the normal distribution range according to the distribution of the battery key parameters of multiple battery cells;

[0186] When the battery key parameters of the battery cell exceed the normal distribution range, it is determined that the battery cell is abnormal.

[0187] Based on the above embodiments, the operation and maintenance module 23 performs operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster, including:

[0188] When the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, dynamically adjust the charge and discharge control parameters of the battery cluster;

[0189] When the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, if the available capacity determined based on the capacity parameters is higher than the preset capacity value, perform equalization processing on the battery cluster;

[0190] When the battery cluster is in a fault state, perform connection and disconnection processing on the battery cluster.

[0191] Based on the above embodiments, the self-discharge parameter includes the full charge time difference, and the full charge time difference of the k-th battery cell in the battery cluster is the difference between the full charge time of the k-th battery cell and the full charge time of the reference battery cell in the battery cluster.

[0192] Based on the above embodiments, the operation and maintenance module 23 performs operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster, including:

[0193] When the full charge time difference of the k-th battery cell is abnormal and the internal resistance is normal, the k-th battery cell is discharged alone to the cut-off voltage;

[0194] When the internal resistance of the k-th battery cell is abnormal and the full charge time difference is normal, the k-th battery cell is charged alone to the cut-off voltage.

[0195] Based on the above embodiments, the charge and discharge module 21 performs a charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed, and determines key battery parameters of multiple battery cells in the battery cluster, including:

[0196] Performing a full charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed, and determining the capacity voltage differential of multiple battery cells in the battery cluster at different times; wherein, the full charge and discharge process in at least some time periods has a constant current;

[0197] Determining the first time, the first state of charge when the capacity voltage differential of the battery cell reaches the first peak, the second time, and the second state of charge when it reaches the second peak, and determining the capacity parameter of the battery cell according to the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge; the second state of charge is greater than the first state of charge.

[0198] Based on the above embodiments, the capacity parameter of the k-th battery cell in the battery cluster includes: the capacity C that the k-th battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,chrend , and the capacity C that the k-th battery cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,disend .

[0199] Based on the above embodiments, the operation and maintenance module 23 performs operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster, including:

[0200] Determining the j-th battery cell that is the first to be fully charged and the j'-th battery cell that is the first to be fully charged except the j-th battery cell in the battery cluster according to the size of the capacity that each battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charge cut-off moment;

[0201] If the j-th battery cell is replaced, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C j',chrend ;

[0202] If the j-th battery cell is discharged alone to the cut-off voltage, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C j',chrend , C j,disend .

[0203] Based on the above embodiments, the operation and maintenance module 23 performs operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster, including:

[0204] Determine the i-th cell monomer that is the first to be fully discharged and the i'-th cell monomer that is the first to be fully discharged except for the i-th cell monomer in the battery cluster according to the magnitude of the capacity that can still be discharged at the discharge cut-off moment of each cell monomer;

[0205] If the i-th cell monomer is replaced, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C i',disend ;

[0206] If the i-th cell monomer is charged alone to the cut-off voltage, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C i',disend , C i,chrend .

[0207] Based on the above embodiments, in the case where the full charge-discharge process includes a full charge process, at least a period of time between the start time of charging and the maximum value of the second time of the plurality of cell monomers has a constant current during the full charge process; the full charge process is a charging process that starts after the battery cluster reaches the discharge cut-off voltage and ends when the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage;

[0208] In the case where the full charge-discharge process includes a full discharge process, at least a period of time between the minimum value of the second time of the plurality of cell monomers and the discharge end time has a constant current during the full discharge process; the full discharge process is a discharge process that starts after the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage and ends when the battery cluster reaches the discharge cut-off voltage.

[0209] Based on the above embodiments, the charge-discharge module 21 determines the capacity parameters of the cell monomer according to the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge, including:

[0210] According to the first state of charge SOC k,I peak and the second state of charge SOC k,II peak of the k-th cell monomer in the battery cluster, determine the state of charge difference ΔSOC k between the first peak and the second peak reached by the k-th cell monomer, and ΔSOC k = SOC k,II peak - SOC k,I peak ;

[0211] Determine the capacity difference ΔQ k, and determine the maximum capacity Q of the k-th battery cell kmax , and Q kmax = 100%×ΔQ k / ΔSOC k .

[0212] Based on the above embodiments, the charge and discharge module 21 determines the capacity parameter of the battery cell according to the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge, and further includes:

[0213] According to the target time, the target state of charge when the k-th battery cell reaches the target peak, and the maximum capacity Q of the k-th battery cell kmax , determine the end state of charge SOC of the k-th battery cell at the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,end ; the target peak is the first peak or the second peak, and the target time is the corresponding first time or the second time;

[0214] Based on the end state of charge SOC of the k-th battery cell k,end determine the capacity C that can be continuously charged into the k-th battery cell when reaching the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,chrend , and the capacity C that can be continuously discharged by the k-th battery cell when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,disend , and the capacity C that can be continuously charged at the charging cut-off moment k,chrend and the capacity C that can be continuously discharged at the discharge cut-off moment k,disend satisfy:

[0215] C k,chrend =(1 - SOC k,end )×Q kmax ;

[0216]

[0217] wherein, t k,begin represents the start time of the full charge and discharge process of the k-th battery cell, and t k,end represents the end time of the full charge and discharge process of the k-th battery cell, and I represents the current value during the full charge and discharge process.

[0218] Based on the above embodiments, the charge and discharge module 21 determines the capacity parameter of the battery cell according to the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge, and further includes:

[0219] Determine the rechargeable capacity C of the k-th battery cell k,charge and the dischargeable capacity C of the k-th battery cell k,dischargeand the rechargeable capacity C k,charge and the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge satisfy:

[0220]

[0221] C k,discharge = SOC k,end ×Q kmax .

[0222] Based on the above embodiments, when the full charge-discharge process includes the full charge process, the state of charge SOC at the end of charging of the k-th cell k,end satisfies:

[0223]

[0224] When the full charge-discharge process includes the full discharge process, the state of charge SOC at the end of charging of the k-th cell k,end satisfies:

[0225]

[0226] wherein, SOC k,T peak represents the state of charge of the target peak, t k,T peak represents the target time of the target peak, t k,chrend represents the end time of charging of the k-th cell, t k,disbegin represents the start time of discharging of the k-th cell.

[0227] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a bus, a transceiver, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. The transceiver, the memory, and the processor are respectively connected through the bus. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it realizes each process of the above-mentioned battery operation and maintenance method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0228] Specifically, as shown in Figure 14 , an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a bus 1110, a processor 1120, a transceiver 1130, a bus interface 1140, a memory 1150, and a user interface 1160.

[0229] In an embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device further includes: a computer program stored on the memory 1150 and executable on the processor 1120. When the computer program is executed by the processor 1120, it realizes each process of the above-mentioned battery operation and maintenance method embodiment.

[0230] A transceiver 1130 is configured to receive and transmit data under the control of a processor 1120.

[0231] In an embodiment of the present invention, a bus architecture (represented by bus 1110) may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges. The bus 1110 connects various circuits of one or more processors represented by the processor 1120 and a memory represented by the memory 1150 together.

[0232] The bus 1110 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus and a memory controller, a peripheral bus, an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), a processor, or a local bus using any of the various bus architectures. By way of example and not limitation, such architectures include: Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Extended ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus.

[0233] The processor 1120 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method embodiments may be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the hardware of the processor or instructions in the form of software. The above-mentioned processor includes: general-purpose processor, central processing unit (CPU), network processor (NP), digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), complex programmable logic device (CPLD), programmable logic array (PLA), microcontroller unit (MCU) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates, transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the various methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. For example, the processor may be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor, and the processor may be integrated on a single chip or located on multiple different chips.

[0234] The processor 1120 may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The method steps disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly executed by the hardware decoding processor or executed by a combination of the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in a readable storage medium well known in the art such as random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), registers, etc. The readable storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method.

[0235] The bus 1110 may also connect together various other circuits such as, for example, peripheral devices, voltage regulators or power management circuits, and the bus interface 1140 provides an interface between the bus 1110 and the transceiver 1130, which are all well known in the art. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention will not be further described herein.

[0236] The transceiver 1130 can be a single component or multiple components, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing units for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. For example: the transceiver 1130 receives external data from other devices, and the transceiver 1130 is used to send the data processed by the processor 1120 to other devices. Depending on the nature of the computer system, a user interface 1160 may also be provided, such as: a touch screen, a physical keyboard, a display, a mouse, speakers, a microphone, a trackball, a joystick, a stylus.

[0237] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present invention, the memory 1150 may further include memories remotely located relative to the processor 1120, and these remotely located memories can be connected to a server through a network. One or more parts of the above networks can be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless wide area network (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service network (POTS), a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi network, and a combination of two or more of the above networks. For example, the cellular telephone network and the wireless network can be a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) system, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system, a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) system, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an LTE Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) system, an LTE Time Division Duplexing (TDD) system, an Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) system, an Enhance Mobile Broadband (eMBB) system, a massive Machine Type of Communication (mMTC) system, an UltraReliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC) system, etc.

[0238] It should be understood that the memory 1150 in the embodiments of the present invention can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory includes: Read-Only Memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable PROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), or Flash Memory.

[0239] The volatile memory includes: Random Access Memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as: Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1150 of the electronic device described in the embodiments of the present invention includes but is not limited to the above and any other suitable types of memory.

[0240] In the embodiments of the present invention, the memory 1150 stores the following elements of the operating system 1151 and the application program 1152: executable modules, data structures, or subsets or extended sets thereof.

[0241] Specifically, the operating system 1151 includes various system programs, such as: framework layer, core library layer, driver layer, etc., for implementing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks. The application program 1152 includes various application programs, such as: Media Player, Browser, for implementing various application services. The program for implementing the method of the embodiments of the present invention can be included in the application program 1152. The application program 1152 includes: applets, objects, components, logics, data structures, and other computer system executable instructions for performing specific tasks or implementing specific abstract data types.

[0242] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements each process of the above-described embodiment of the battery operation and maintenance method and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0243] A computer-readable storage medium includes: permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, which are tangible devices that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. A computer-readable storage medium includes: electronic storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, and any suitable combination of the above. A computer-readable storage medium includes: phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassette tape storage, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, memory sticks, mechanical coding devices (such as punched cards or raised structures in grooves on which instructions are recorded), or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined in the embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium does not include transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (such as optical pulses passing through an optical fiber cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.

[0244] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, electronic devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and can also be a connection in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0245] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units. They can be located in one position or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to solve the problems to be solved by the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0246] In addition, in each embodiment of the present invention, each functional unit can be integrated into a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0247] If the above-mentioned integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (including: a personal computer, a server, a data center or other network devices) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. And the above-mentioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes as listed above.

[0248] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a method, a device, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention can be specifically implemented in the following forms: complete hardware, complete software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), and a combination of hardware and software. In addition, in some embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented in the form of a computer program product in one or more computer-readable storage media, and the computer-readable storage media contain computer program codes.

[0249] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage media can adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable storage media include: electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or components, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAMs), read-only memories (ROMs), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, optical fibers, compact disc read-only memories (CD-ROMs), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any combination of the above. In the embodiments of the present invention, the computer-readable storage media can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and the program can be used by or combined with an instruction execution system, device, or component.

[0250] The computer program code included in the above computer-readable storage medium can be transmitted by any suitable medium, including: wireless, wire, optical cable, radio frequency (RF), or any suitable combination of the above.

[0251] The computer program code for performing the operations of the embodiments of the present invention can be written in assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, integrated circuit configuration data, or in one or more programming languages or combinations thereof. The programming languages include object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and also include conventional procedural programming languages such as C language or similar programming languages. The computer program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, executed as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, and entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including: local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), and can also be connected to an external computer.

[0252] The methods, apparatuses, and electronic devices provided in the embodiments of the present invention are described by flowcharts and / or block diagrams.

[0253] It should be understood that each block of the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combinations of blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions. These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, thereby producing a machine. These computer-readable program instructions, when executed by a computer or other programmable data processing device, produce an apparatus that implements the functions / operations specified in the blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0254] These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that enables a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner. In this way, the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an instruction device product that includes the instructions for implementing the functions / operations specified in the blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0255] Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to generate a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus can provide a process for realizing the functions / operations specified in the boxes of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0256] As described above, the above are only specific embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for operation and maintenance of a battery, characterized in that, Including: Performing a charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed, and determining battery key parameters of multiple battery cells in the battery cluster; the battery key parameters include internal resistance, capacity parameter, and self-discharge parameter; Judging whether the battery cluster is abnormal according to whether the battery key parameters of the battery cells in the battery cluster exceed the normal range; Performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster when the battery cluster is abnormal; The capacity parameters of the k-th battery cell in the battery cluster include: the capacity C that can still be charged into the k-th battery cell when reaching the charge cut-off time of the battery cluster k,chrend , and the capacity C that can still be discharged from the k-th battery cell when reaching the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster k,disend ; The performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster includes: Determining the j-th battery cell that is the first to be fully charged and the j'-th battery cell that is the first to be fully charged except the j-th battery cell in the battery cluster according to the magnitude of the capacity that can be continuously charged at the charge cut-off moment of each battery cell; If the j-th battery cell is replaced, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C j',chrend ; If the j-th cell is discharged alone to the cut-off voltage after the battery cluster discharges to cut-off, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C j',chrend ,C j,disend ; The performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster includes: Determining the i-th battery cell that is the first to be fully discharged and the i'-th battery cell that is the first to be fully discharged except the i-th battery cell in the battery cluster according to the magnitude of the capacity that can be continuously discharged at the discharge cut-off moment of each battery cell; If the i-th battery cell is replaced, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C i',disend ; If the i-th cell is separately charged to the cut-off voltage after the charging of the battery cluster is cut off, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C i',disend ,C i,chrend ; C j,disend represents the capacity that the jth cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster; C j',chrend Indicates the capacity that the j'-th battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off time of the battery cluster; C i',disend Indicates the capacity that the i'-th battery cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster; C i,chrend Indicates the capacity that the i-th battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The judging whether the battery cluster is abnormal includes: Pre-setting corresponding abnormal thresholds for the battery key parameters; When the battery key parameters of the battery cell exceed the abnormal threshold, determining that the battery cell in the battery cluster is abnormal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The abnormal threshold is a threshold determined according to the battery key parameters in the historical operation data or according to the safety parameters provided by the manufacturer; Alternatively, the abnormal threshold r th is: r th = (r1 + r0) / 2 + σ 2 lnλ / (r1 - r0); where r1 is the value corresponding to the abnormality of the battery key parameter, r0 and σ respectively represent the average value and the mean square deviation value of the data stream when the battery key parameter is normal, and λ is a preset coefficient related to the confidence level.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The judging whether the battery cluster is abnormal includes: Determining whether the battery key parameters of the battery cells exceed the normal distribution range according to the distribution of the battery key parameters of multiple battery cells; When the battery key parameters of the battery cell exceed the normal distribution range, determining that the battery cell is abnormal.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster includes: Dynamically adjusting the charge and discharge control parameters of the battery cluster when the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state; When the battery cluster is in a sub-healthy state, if the capacity that can be improved determined based on the capacity parameter is higher than the preset capacity value, performing an equalization process on the battery cluster; Performing an in-service / off-service process on the battery cluster when the battery cluster is in a fault state.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The self-discharge parameter includes the full charge time difference, and the full charge time difference of the k-th battery cell in the battery cluster is the difference between the full charge time of the k-th battery cell and the full charge time of the reference battery cell in the battery cluster.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster includes: When the full charge time difference of the k-th battery cell is abnormal and the internal resistance is normal, separately charging the k-th battery cell to the cut-off voltage after the battery cluster is charged to cut-off; When the internal resistance of the k-th battery cell is abnormal and the full charge time difference is normal, separately discharging the k-th battery cell to the cut-off voltage after the battery cluster is discharged to cut-off.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performing a charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed and determining the battery key parameters of multiple battery cells in the battery cluster includes: Performing a full charge and discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed, and determining the capacity voltage differential of multiple battery cells in the battery cluster at different times; wherein, at least part of the full charge and discharge process has a constant current; Determine the first time when the capacity voltage differential of the single battery cell reaches the first peak, the first state of charge, the second time when it reaches the second peak, and the second state of charge, and determine the capacity parameters of the single battery cell based on the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge; the second state of charge is greater than the first state of charge.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein When the full charge-discharge process includes a full charge process, at least a time period from the start time of charging to the maximum value of the second times of the multiple single battery cells has a constant current during the full charge process; the full charge process is a charging process that starts after the battery cluster reaches the discharge cut-off voltage and ends when the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage; When the full charge-discharge process includes a full discharge process, at least a time period from the minimum value of the second times of the multiple single battery cells to the end time of discharge has a constant current during the full discharge process; the full discharge process is a discharge process that starts after the battery cluster reaches the charge cut-off voltage and ends when the battery cluster reaches the discharge cut-off voltage.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Determining the capacity parameters of the single battery cell based on the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge includes: Based on the first state of charge (SOC) of the k-th battery cell in the battery cluster k,Ipeak and the second state of charge (SOC) k,IIpeak determine the difference in state of charge ΔSOC between the first peak and the second peak reached by the k-th battery cell k , and ΔSOC k = SOC k,IIpeak - SOC k,Ipeak ; Determine the capacity difference ΔQ between the k-th battery cell monomer reaching the first peak and the second peak k , and determine the maximum capacity Q of the k-th battery cell monomer kmax , and Q kmax = 100%×ΔQ k / ΔSOC k .

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein Determining the capacity parameters of the single battery cell based on the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge further includes: According to the target time for the k-th battery cell unit to reach the target peak, the target state of charge, and the maximum capacity Q of the k-th battery cell unit kmax , determine the end-of-charge state of charge SOC of the k-th battery cell unit at the charging cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,end ; the target peak is the first peak or the second peak, and the target time is the corresponding first time or second time; Based on the end-of-charge state of charge (SOC) of the k-th cell unit k,end Determine the capacity C that the k-th cell unit can continue to charge into when reaching the charge cut-off time of the battery cluster k,chrend , and the capacity C that the k-th cell unit can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster k,disend , and the capacity C that can continue to charge when reaching the charge cut-off time k,chrend and the capacity C that can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off time k,disend Satisfy: C k,chrend = (1 - SOC k,end ) × Q kmax ; where t k,begin represents the start time of the full charge and discharge process of the k-th battery cell, and t k,end represents the end time of the full charge and discharge process of the k-th battery cell, and I represents the current value during the full charge and discharge process.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein Determining the capacity parameters of the single battery cell based on the first time, the first state of charge, the second time, and the second state of charge further includes: Determine the rechargeable capacity C of the k-th battery cell k,charge and the dischargeable capacity C of the k-th battery cell k,discharge , and the rechargeable capacity C k,charge and the dischargeable capacity C k,discharge satisfy: C k,discharge = SOC k,end ×Q kmax 。 13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, When the full charge-discharge process includes a full charge process, the state of charge (SOC) at the end of charging of the k-th battery cell k,end satisfies: When the full charge-discharge process includes a full discharge process, the end-of-charge state of charge (SOC) of the k-th battery cell k,end satisfies: Among them, SOC k,Tpeak represents the state of charge of the target peak, and t k,Tpeak represents the target time of the target peak, and t k,chrend represents the end time of charging of the k-th single battery cell, and t k,disbegin represents the start time of discharging of the k-th single battery cell.

14. An operation and maintenance device for a battery, characterized in that, including: A charge-discharge module for performing a charge-discharge process on the battery cluster to be analyzed and determining the battery key parameters of multiple single battery cells in the battery cluster; the battery key parameters include internal resistance, capacity parameters, and self-discharge parameters; An analysis module for determining whether the battery cluster is abnormal based on whether the battery key parameters of the single battery cells in the battery cluster exceed the normal range; An operation and maintenance module for performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster when the battery cluster is abnormal; The capacity parameter of the k-th battery cell in the battery cluster includes: the capacity C that can continue to be charged into the k-th battery cell when reaching the charge cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,chrend , and the capacity C that can continue to be discharged from the k-th battery cell when reaching the discharge cut-off moment of the battery cluster k,disend ; The operation and maintenance module for performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster includes: Determining the j-th single battery cell that is the first to be fully charged and the j'-th single battery cell that is the first to be fully charged except for the j-th single battery cell in the battery cluster according to the amount of capacity that can be continuously charged at the charge cut-off moment of each single battery cell; If the j-th battery cell is replaced, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C j',chrend ; If the j-th single cell is discharged alone to the cut-off voltage after the battery cluster discharges to cut-off, the effective charging capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C j',chrend ,C j,disend ; The operation and maintenance module for performing operation and maintenance processing on the battery cluster includes: Determining the i-th single battery cell that is the first to be fully discharged and the i'-th single battery cell that is the first to be fully discharged except for the i-th single battery cell in the battery cluster according to the amount of capacity that can be continuously discharged at the discharge cut-off moment of each single battery cell; If the i-th battery cell is replaced, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by C i',disend ; If the i-th single cell is separately charged to the cut-off voltage after the charging of the battery cluster is cut off, the effective discharge capacity of the battery cluster is increased by min[C i',disend ,C i,chrend ; C j,disend Indicates the capacity that the j-th battery cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster; C j',chrend Indicates the capacity that the j'-th battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off time of the battery cluster; C i',disend Indicates the capacity that the i'-th battery cell can continue to discharge when reaching the discharge cut-off time of the battery cluster; C i,chrend Indicates the capacity that the i-th battery cell can continue to charge when reaching the charging cut-off time of the battery cluster.

15. An electronic device, comprising a bus, a transceiver, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the transceiver, the memory, and the processor are connected through the bus, and is characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps in the operation and maintenance method of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps in the operation and maintenance method of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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