A fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of fireproof materials. The present invention provides a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure, which comprises at least two thin layers of the same or different materials, and at least one thin layer of the material is hot-pressed after being mixed and treated with a polymer I and a nano-additive or a flame retardant, and the other thin layer of the material is hot-pressed after being mixed and treated with any one of a polymer II, a polymer I and a nano-additive or a polymer I and a flame retardant. The present invention alternately stacks two thin layers of the same or different materials, and hot-presses to obtain a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure under the condition of reducing the content of nano-materials and flame retardants, which has excellent flame retardant effect, can retain certain material properties at the same time, and will not cause problems such as large deviation in surface and matrix properties, and can effectively solve the problems in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fireproof materials, and particularly relates to a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A composite material with flame retardant effect can be prepared by adding nano materials or flame retardants to thermoplastic polymers. The nano materials in the composite material play a flame retardant role by means of heat insulation and air isolation, etc., and the flame retardant acts by chemical means. However, if the addition amounts of nano materials and flame retardants in the composite material are relatively low, there will be no strong flame retardant effect, and if the addition amounts are too high, it will affect the mechanical properties and other properties of the material. Therefore, new technologies are needed to improve the properties of the material.

[0003] Another research on flame retardant materials aims to achieve the purpose of fire prevention by attaching a layer of fireproof material to the surface of the polymer. Although some material properties can be retained and the content of additives can be reduced, this method will lead to a large performance deviation between the surface layer and the matrix, and may also cause phenomena such as surface detachment from the matrix. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure and a preparation method thereof. The alternating multi-layer fireproof material prepared by the present invention can achieve excellent flame retardant effect while reducing the total content of nano materials and flame retardants, and can retain certain material properties at the same time, and will not cause problems such as large performance deviation between the surface and the matrix, and can effectively solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure, which includes at least two thin plates of the same or different materials, and at least one thin plate of the material is a thin plate a obtained by hot pressing after mixing and processing a polymer one with a nano additive or a flame retardant, and the other thin plate of the material is a thin plate b obtained by hot pressing after mixing and processing any one of a polymer two, a polymer one with a nano additive or a polymer one with a flame retardant, the mass percentage of the nano additive is 1-30%, and the mass percentage of the flame retardant is 1-30%.

[0006] Preferably, the polymer one is any one of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene or polyethylene oxide, and the polymer two is any one of polypropylene, polyethylene or polyethylene oxide.

[0007] Preferably, the nano additive is an inorganic nano material.

[0008] Preferably, the inorganic nano material is nano montmorillonite or nano metal oxide.

[0009] Preferably, the flame retardant is a phosphorus-based flame retardant.

[0010] Preferably, the phosphorus-based flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate or triphenyl phosphate.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a fireproof material with the aforementioned alternating multi-layer structure, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1: Melt and blend the first polymer and the nano-additive or flame retardant using a twin-screw extruder to extrude and pelletize. Before extrusion, dry the materials at 60 °C for 6 - 12 h. The extrusion temperature is 180 - 200 °C, the screw speed is 20 - 30 rpm / min. Weigh the pellets and perform hot pressing treatment to obtain a 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm thin plate a.

[0013] S2: Perform hot pressing treatment on the second polymer, the first polymer and the nano-additive or the first polymer and the flame retardant according to the method of S1 to obtain a thin plate b with the same thickness or an integer multiple of the thickness of thin plate a.

[0014] S3: Alternately place two thin plates a obtained in step S1 and two thin plates b obtained in step S2, and hot press them into a four-layer alternating plate;

[0015] Or, alternately place the thin plate a obtained in step S1 and the thin plate b with a thickness that is an integer multiple of the thickness of thin plate a obtained in step S2, and hot press them into a two-layer alternating plate;

[0016] S4: Cut the alternating plate obtained in S3 into four equal parts on average, perform hot pressing treatment on each part to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm and place them alternately. Repeat this operation to successively obtain a n+1 four-layer multi-layer alternating plate.

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, the first polymer is any one of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene or polyethylene oxide; the second polymer is any one of polypropylene, polyethylene or polyethylene oxide; the nano-additive is an inorganic nano-material; the flame retardant is a phosphorus-based flame retardant.

[0018] Preferably, the inorganic nano-material is nano-montmorillonite or nano-metal oxide; the phosphorus-based flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate or triphenyl phosphate.

[0019] Preferably, the conditions for the hot pressing treatment are a hot pressing temperature of 180 °C, melting for 5 min under no pressure, and then increasing the pressure to 5 MPa and maintaining for 5 min.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The present invention alternately stacks thin layers of two same or different materials. Under the condition of reducing the content of nano materials and flame retardants, a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure is obtained by hot pressing. It has excellent flame retardant effect, can retain certain material properties, and will not cause large deviations in surface and matrix properties, effectively solving the problems in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a scanning electron microscope image of the multi-layer alternating fireproof material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a process flow chart of the multi-layer alternating fireproof material of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a flame retardant performance test chart of the multi-layer alternating fireproof material prepared in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] To understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] A preparation method of a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure includes the following steps:

[0028] S1: Weigh 900 g of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and 100 g of nano-montmorillonite to prepare a 10% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite material. Dry it in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, place it in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation. The extrusion temperature is 180 °C, the screw speed is 20 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the granules for hot pressing treatment. The hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep it at a pressure of 0 MPa for 5 min, and maintain at a pressure of 5 MPa for 5 min. A 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm thin plate a is obtained by hot pressing treatment;

[0029] S2: Weigh 35 g of polypropylene and prepare a thin plate b with a thickness of 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm by hot pressing treatment according to the method of S1;

[0030] S3: Alternately place two thin plates a prepared in step S1 and two thin plates b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm four-layer alternating plate. The temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min;

[0031] S4: Cross-cut the four-layer alternating plate obtained in S3 into four equal parts on average. The four cut four-layer alternating plates are respectively subjected to hot pressing treatment to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm and alternately stacked and placed. A 16-layer alternating plate is obtained by hot pressing. Cut and hot press in sequence on average to obtain a 64-layer multi-layer alternating plate, and the thickness of each layer is 62.5 μm.

[0032] Example 2:

[0033] A preparation method of a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1: Weigh 940 g of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 50 g of nano-montmorillonite and 10 g of flame retardant, dry them in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, place them in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation, the extrusion temperature is 200 °C, the screw speed is 30 rpm / min, weigh 35 g of the granules for hot pressing treatment, the hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep the pressure at 0 MPa for 5 min, maintain the pressure at 5 MPa for 5 min, and obtain a 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a by hot pressing treatment;

[0035] S2: Weigh 35 g of polyethylene, and obtain a thin plate b with a thickness of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm by hot pressing treatment according to the method of S1;

[0036] S3: Alternately place two thin plates a prepared in step S1 and two thin plates b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm×20 cm×20 cm four-layer alternating plate, the temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min;

[0037] S4: Cross-cut the four-layer alternating plate prepared in S3 into four equal parts on average, and respectively hot press the four cut four-layer alternating plates to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm and alternately stack them, hot press to obtain a 16-layer alternating plate, and perform the same operation twice to obtain a 256-layer multi-layer alternating plate, and the thickness of each layer is 15.6 μm.

[0038] Example 3:

[0039] A preparation method of a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1: Weigh 950 g of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and 50 g of nano-montmorillonite, dry them in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, place them in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation, the extrusion temperature is 190 °C, the screw speed is 25 rpm / min, weigh 35 g of the granules for hot pressing treatment, the hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep the pressure at 0 MPa for 5 min, maintain the pressure at 5 MPa for 5 min, and obtain a 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a by hot pressing treatment;

[0041] S2: Weigh 990 g of polyethylene and 10 g of flame retardant, and obtain a thin plate b with a thickness of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm by hot pressing treatment according to the method of S1;

[0042] S3: Stack two thin plates a made in step S1 and two thin plates b made in step S2 alternately, and hot press them into a four-layer alternating plate with dimensions of 4 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm. The temperature of the hot press is 180°C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 minutes.

[0043] S4: Cut the four-layer alternating plate made in S3 crosswise and evenly into four parts. The four cut four-layer alternating plates are respectively hot pressed to obtain thin plates with specifications of 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm and are alternately stacked. After hot pressing, a 16-layer alternating plate is obtained. Repeat the same operation 3 times to obtain a 1024-layer multi-layer alternating plate, with each layer having a thickness of 3.9 μm.

[0044] Example 4:

[0045] A method for preparing a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1: Weigh 980 g of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, 10 g of triphenyl phosphite, and 10 g of ZnO nanoparticles. Dry them in an oven at 60°C for 12 hours, then place them in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and pelletizing. The extrusion temperature is 190°C, and the screw speed is 25 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the pellets for hot pressing. The hot pressing temperature is 180°C, keep the pressure at 0 MPa for 5 minutes, and then maintain the pressure at 5 MPa for 5 minutes. After hot pressing, a thin plate a with dimensions of 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm is obtained.

[0047] S2: Weigh 105 g of polyethylene and hot press it according to the method of S1 to obtain a thin plate b with a thickness of 3 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm.

[0048] S3: Stack one thin plate a made in step S1 and one thin plate b made in step S2, and hot press them into a two-layer alternating plate with dimensions of 4 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm. The temperature of the hot press is 180°C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 minutes.

[0049] S4: Cut the two-layer alternating plate made in S3 evenly into four parts. The four cut two-layer alternating plates are respectively hot pressed to obtain thin plates with specifications of 1 mm × 20 cm × 20 cm and are alternately stacked. After hot pressing, an 8-layer alternating plate is obtained. Repeat the same operation 2 times to obtain a 128-layer multi-layer alternating plate. The thickness of each layer of thin plate a is 31.3 μm, and the thickness of each layer of thin plate b is 93.8 μm.

[0050] Example 5:

[0051] A method for preparing a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: Weigh 950 g of polyethylene oxide and 50 g of ZnO nanoparticles, dry them in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, place them in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and pelletizing. The extrusion temperature is 180 °C, the screw speed is 25 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the pellets for hot pressing. The hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep at 0 MPa for 5 min, then maintain at 5 MPa for 5 min. A 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a is obtained by hot pressing treatment.

[0053] S2: Weigh 35 g of polyethylene oxide and obtain a 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate b by hot pressing according to the method of S1.

[0054] S3: Alternately place two thin plates a prepared in step S1 and two thin plates b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm×20 cm×20 cm four-layer alternating plate. The temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min.

[0055] S4: Cross-cut the four-layer alternating plate obtained in S3 into four equal parts on average. The four cut four-layer alternating plates are respectively subjected to hot pressing treatment to obtain thin plates with specifications of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm and stack them alternately. A 16-layer alternating plate is obtained by hot pressing. Cut and hot press in turn on average to obtain a 256-layer multi-layer alternating plate, and the thickness of each layer is 15.6 μm.

[0056] Example 6

[0057] According to the national standard GB / T 16172-2007 "Test Method for Heat Release Rate of Building Materials", the peak heat release values of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, 5% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite material, 10% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite material and the 64-layer alternating plate prepared in Example 1 are respectively detected. The results are as Figure 3 shown.

[0058] Figure 1 is the electron microscope scanning image of the multi-layer alternating fireproof material prepared in Example 1. From the figure, the 64-layer alternating plate structure can be seen. The lighter-colored and rough part is the nano-clay composite material layer, and the darker-colored part is the polypropylene layer.

[0059] Figure 3 is the flame retardancy performance detection chart of the multi-layer alternating fireproof material prepared in Example 1. The smaller the peak heat release value, the better the flame retardancy performance. The higher the nano-montmorillonite content, the better the flame retardancy performance. The 10% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite material has better flame retardancy performance than the 5% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite material; the content of nano-montmorillonite polypropylene in the 64-layer alternating plate prepared with the 10% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite material is 5%, but its peak heat release value is lower than that of the 5% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite material and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, and its flame retardancy performance has been significantly improved.

[0060] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art, within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a fireproof material with an alternating multi-layer structure, characterized in that, It includes any of the following technical solutions: Solution 1 includes the following steps: S1: Weigh 900 g of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and 100 g of nano-montmorillonite to prepare a 10% nano-montmorillonite polypropylene composite. Dry it in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, then place it in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation. The extrusion temperature is 180 °C, and the screw speed is 20 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the granules for hot pressing treatment. The hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep the pressure at 0 MPa for 5 min, and maintain the pressure at 5 MPa for 5 min. After hot pressing treatment, a 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a is obtained; S2: Weigh 35 g of polypropylene and perform hot pressing treatment according to the method in S1 to obtain a thin plate b with a thickness of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm; S3: Alternately place two thin plates a prepared in step S1 and two thin plates b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm×20 cm×20 cm four-layer alternating plate. The temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min; S4: Cross-cut the four-layer alternating plate obtained in S3 into four equal parts on average. The four cut four-layer alternating plates are respectively subjected to hot pressing treatment to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm and alternately stack them. After hot pressing, a 16-layer alternating plate is obtained. Then, perform the operations of cutting and hot pressing in sequence on average to obtain a 64-layer multi-layer alternating plate, and the thickness of each layer is 62.5 μm. Solution 2 includes the following steps: S1: Weigh 940 g of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 50 g of nano-montmorillonite and 10 g of flame retardant. Dry it in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, then place it in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation. The extrusion temperature is 200 °C, and the screw speed is 30 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the granules for hot pressing treatment. The hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep the pressure at 0 MPa for 5 min, and maintain the pressure at 5 MPa for 5 min. After hot pressing treatment, a 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a is obtained; S2: Weigh 35 g of polyethylene and perform hot pressing treatment according to the method in S1 to obtain a thin plate b with a thickness of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm; S3: Alternately place two thin plates a prepared in step S1 and two thin plates b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm×20 cm×20 cm four-layer alternating plate. The temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min; S4: Cross-cut the four-layer alternating plate obtained in S3 into four equal parts on average. The four cut four-layer alternating plates are respectively subjected to hot pressing treatment to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm and alternately stack them. After hot pressing, a 16-layer alternating plate is obtained. Then, perform the same operation twice to obtain a 256-layer multi-layer alternating plate, and the thickness of each layer is 15.6 μm. Solution 3 includes the following steps: S1: Weigh 950 g of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and 50 g of nano-montmorillonite, dry them in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, place them in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation. The extrusion temperature is 190 °C, and the screw speed is 25 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the granules for hot pressing treatment. The hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep at 0 MPa for 5 min, and maintain at 5 MPa for 5 min. A 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a is obtained by hot pressing treatment; S2: Weigh 990 g of polyethylene and 10 g of flame retardant, and obtain a 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate b by hot pressing treatment according to the method of S1; S3: Alternately stack two thin plates a prepared in step S1 and two thin plates b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm×20 cm×20 cm four-layer alternating plate. The temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min; S4: Cut the four-layer alternating plate prepared in S3 crosswise and evenly into four parts. The four cut four-layer alternating plates are respectively subjected to hot pressing treatment to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm and alternately stack them. A 16-layer alternating plate is obtained by hot pressing. Repeat the same operation 3 times to obtain a 1024-layer multi-layer alternating plate, and the thickness of each layer is 3.9 μm. Scheme Four includes the following steps: S1: Weigh 980 g of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, 10 g of triphenyl phosphonate and 10 g of ZnO nanoparticles, dry them in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, place them in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and extrusion granulation. The extrusion temperature is 190 °C, and the screw speed is 25 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the granules for hot pressing treatment. The hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep at 0 MPa for 5 min, and maintain at 5 MPa for 5 min. A 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a is obtained by hot pressing treatment; S2: Weigh 105 g of polyethylene, and obtain a 3 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate b by hot pressing treatment according to the method of S1; S3: Stack one thin plate a prepared in step S1 and one thin plate b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm×20 cm×20 cm two-layer alternating plate. The temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min; S4: Cut the two-layer alternating plate prepared in S3 evenly into four parts. The four cut two-layer alternating plates are respectively subjected to hot pressing treatment to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm and alternately stack them. An 8-layer alternating plate is obtained by hot pressing. Repeat the same operation 2 times to obtain a 128-layer multi-layer alternating plate. The thickness of each layer of thin plate a is 31.3 μm, and the thickness of each layer of thin plate b is 93.8 μm; Scheme Five includes the following steps: S1: Weigh 950 g of poly(ethylene oxide) and 50 g of ZnO nanoparticles, dry them in an oven at 60 °C for 12 hours, place them in a twin-screw extruder for melt blending and pelletizing. The extrusion temperature is 180 °C, the screw speed is 25 rpm / min. Weigh 35 g of the pellets for hot pressing treatment. The hot pressing temperature is 180 °C, keep at 0 MPa for 5 min, then maintain at 5 MPa for 5 min. A 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate a is obtained by hot pressing treatment. S2: Weigh 35 g of poly(ethylene oxide), and obtain a 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm thin plate b by hot pressing treatment according to the method in S1. S3: Alternately place two thin plates a prepared in step S1 and two thin plates b prepared in step S2, and hot press them into a 4 mm×20 cm×20 cm four-layer alternating plate. The temperature of the hot press is 180 °C, the pressure is 5 MPa, and the time is maintained for 5 min. S4: Cross-cut the four-layer alternating plate obtained in S3 into four equal parts on average. The four cut four-layer alternating plates are respectively subjected to hot pressing treatment to obtain thin plates with a specification of 1 mm×20 cm×20 cm and are alternately stacked and placed. A 16-layer alternating plate is obtained by hot pressing. Cut and hot press in turn on average to obtain a 256-layer multi-layer alternating plate, and the thickness of each layer is 15.6 μm.

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