Self-lubricating speed reducer

Abstract

The application relates to a speed reduction transmission device. The purpose is to provide a self-lubricating speed reducer which is solid, durable, stable in operation and good in lubrication effect. The technical scheme is as follows: a self-lubricating speed reducer comprises a casing, an input shaft and an output shaft rotatably positioned on the casing, and a transmission mechanism for transmitting power between the input shaft and the output shaft; characterized in that: the casing is further provided with a pump oil mechanism driven by a driving shaft and an oil distribution mechanism for distributing lubricating oil supplied by the pump oil mechanism to each lubricating point; the pump oil mechanism comprises a pressing plate fixed with an end cover, an oil supply cavity between the end cover and the pressing plate, and an impeller arranged in the oil supply cavity and driven by the driving shaft; the bottom and the top of the pressing plate are respectively provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, and lubricating oil can be moved from the oil inlet to the oil outlet along the circumferential direction of the oil supply cavity under the driving of the impeller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a speed reduction transmission device, specifically a speed reducer. Background Technology

[0002] Most existing speed reducers use an external oil supply system, where a motor drives an oil pump to draw lubricating oil from the reducer, which is then transported through oil pipes, distributors, and copper pipes to various lubrication points within the reducer, circulating lubricating oil to bearings, gears, and other components. This external oil supply system has several drawbacks:

[0003] The oil pump and oil pipes are located outside the reducer, resulting in a complex structure, dense piping, inconvenient maintenance, and an impact on the product's appearance. During transportation and use, the motor or oil pipes are easily damaged by impacts, causing the reducer to malfunction and fail to operate normally. The reducer operates in a very harsh environment, making maintenance difficult. Furthermore, the motor has a limited lifespan, making it difficult for staff to detect motor malfunctions. Failure to address these issues promptly can lead to bearing burnout and gear damage. Because the motor driving the oil pump operates at a fixed speed, the lubricating oil supply cannot be adjusted. When the reducer operates at low speeds, the oil pump provides a significantly higher oil supply, causing the oil seal to be submerged in lubricating oil, which can easily lead to lubricating oil leakage after prolonged operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the above-mentioned background technology and provide a self-lubricating speed reducer, which should be robust and durable, stable in operation, and have good lubrication effect.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0006] A self-lubricating speed reducer includes a housing, an input shaft and an output shaft rotatably positioned on the housing, and a transmission mechanism for transmitting power between the input shaft and the output shaft; characterized in that: the housing is further provided with an oil pumping mechanism driven by a drive shaft and an oil distribution mechanism for distributing the lubricating oil supplied by the oil pumping mechanism to each lubrication point;

[0007] The oil pumping mechanism includes a pressure plate fixed to the end cover, an oil supply chamber located between the end cover and the pressure plate, and an impeller disposed in the oil supply chamber and driven by a drive shaft; the bottom and top of the pressure plate are respectively provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, and the lubricating oil can move from the oil inlet to the oil outlet along the circumferential direction of the oil supply chamber under the drive of the impeller.

[0008] The oil distribution mechanism includes an oil inlet and an oil return hole disposed on the input flange and communicating with the inner cavity of the input flange shaft hole, an oil groove disposed on the bearing bosses on both sides of the inner wall of the housing, an oil tank disposed above the oil groove and communicating with the oil outlet of the pressure plate and the oil groove, and an oil supply hole that penetrates the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the bearing boss and communicates with the oil groove.

[0009] The oil inlet is located above the input shaft, and the oil return hole is located below the side of the input shaft. The oil inlet is also connected to the oil supply chamber. The drive shaft is the input shaft, and the end cover is the input flange of the housing.

[0010] The pressure plate has an inner hole at its center for the drive shaft to pass through.

[0011] The impeller includes a disk and several blades; the outer diameter of the disk is larger than the inner diameter of the inner hole, and the outer diameter of the blades is matched with the inner diameter of the oil supply chamber.

[0012] The oil inlet is located below the oil outlet, and the oil supply chamber is provided with an oil guide groove that connects to the oil inlet; the oil guide groove, the oil outlet, and the blades at the top of the impeller are arranged on the same horizontal plane.

[0013] The oil trough is formed by baffles, bearing bosses, and the inner wall of the housing.

[0014] The oil outlet is connected to the oil tank via an oil inlet; one end of the oil inlet is fixed to the pressure plate, and the other end of the oil inlet extends into the oil tank.

[0015] The oil tank has oil outlets on both sides that extend to the top of the oil trough.

[0016] The fuel tank is fixed to the upper part of the inner cavity of the machine casing by a bracket.

[0017] The impeller is provided with several oil drain grooves arranged in a ring, and the oil drain grooves are located in the inner hole of the pressure plate; the oil return hole is also connected to the oil drain grooves; the inlet of the oil inlet hole is also located above the oil drain grooves.

[0018] The drive shaft is the first drive shaft of the transmission mechanism, and the end cover is the first end cover of the housing; the oil tank is connected to the oil inlet through the second oil outlet.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] This invention employs a built-in oil supply system, eliminating the need for external components such as oil pumps, motors, and oil pipes. This prevents damage to the oil supply components from impacts to the outer casing, significantly simplifying the external structure and resulting in a sleek, durable, and aesthetically pleasing design. The oil supply volume is determined by the reducer's speed, ensuring adequate lubrication across various speed ranges. The reducer's own power drives the oil pump mechanism to circulate lubricating oil to bearings, gears, and other components, achieving self-lubrication. The use of a distribution mechanism ensures accurate oil supply to each lubrication point, preventing oil seals from becoming submerged and effectively reducing oil leakage. The invention boasts a simple overall structure, stable and reliable operation, excellent lubrication, and a low failure rate, effectively guaranteeing the normal operation of the reducer and extending its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of Embodiment 1 (transmission mechanism omitted).

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of Example 1.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the right-side structure of Embodiment 1.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a right-side structural schematic diagram of the input flange and oil pump mechanism in Embodiment 1.

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction.

[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the input flange.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a right-side structural schematic diagram of the input flange in Embodiment 1.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a right-side structural schematic diagram of the impeller in Example 1.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a right-side structural schematic diagram of the pressure plate in Example 1.

[0030] Figure 10 This is a right-side structural schematic diagram of the oil inlet of Example 1.

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the fuel tank in Example 1.

[0032] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel tank structure from the left side in Example 1.

[0033] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the reducer housing in Example 2.

[0034] Figure 14 This is a top view of the parallel reducer in Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A self-lubricating speed reducer includes a housing 1, an input shaft 2.1, an output shaft 2.2, a transmission mechanism, an oil pumping mechanism, and an oil distribution mechanism.

[0038] The input shaft and output shaft are rotatably positioned on the housing. The transmission mechanism is used to transmit power between the input shaft and the output shaft. The oil pumping mechanism supplies lubricating oil to the oil distribution mechanism under the drive of the input shaft. The oil distribution mechanism includes a first oil distribution mechanism and a second oil distribution mechanism. The first oil distribution mechanism distributes the lubricating oil to each transmission shaft of the transmission mechanism, and the second oil distribution mechanism distributes the lubricating oil to the input shaft.

[0039] The transmission mechanism adopts a four-stage reduction transmission, including a first transmission shaft 3.1, a second transmission shaft 3.2, and a third transmission shaft 3.3. Among them, the input shaft and the first transmission shaft are a single-stage transmission, the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are a two-stage transmission, the second transmission shaft and the two third transmission shafts are a three-stage transmission, and the two third transmission shafts and the output shaft are a four-stage transmission.

[0040] The housing includes a main housing 1.1, an input flange 1.2, an output flange 1.3, and a drive shaft end cover. The inner wall of the main housing is provided with multiple bearing bosses, including a first bearing boss 1-1, a second bearing boss 1-2, two third bearing bosses 1-3, and an output shaft boss 1-4. The first drive shaft is rotatably positioned in the first bearing boss via bearings, the second drive shaft is rotatably positioned in the second bearing boss via bearings, the third drive shaft is rotatably positioned in the third bearing boss via bearings, the output shaft is rotatably positioned in the output shaft boss via bearings, and the input shaft is rotatably positioned on the input flange. The drive shaft end cover includes a first end cover 3-1 located at both ends of the first drive shaft, a second end cover 3-2 located at both ends of the second drive shaft, and a third end cover 3-3 located at both ends of the third drive shaft.

[0041] This reducer is a right-angle reducer, with the input shaft and output shaft arranged perpendicularly, and the output shaft arranged parallel to each transmission shaft of the transmission mechanism.

[0042] The oil pumping mechanism includes an oil supply chamber B, a pressure plate 4, and an impeller 5. The end face of the input flange facing the main housing is provided with a first step surface 1.21 and a second step surface 1.22. The second step surface is located inside the first step surface, and the inner diameter of the first step surface is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the second step surface.

[0043] The four periphery of the pressure plate is fixed to the first step surface, and the second step surface maintains a certain distance from the pressure plate to form an oil supply chamber B. The bottom of the pressure plate is provided with an oil inlet 4.1, and the top of the pressure plate is provided with an oil outlet 4.2. The oil supply chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the main housing through the oil inlet and the oil outlet. The center of the pressure plate is provided with an inner hole 4.3, and the input shaft passes through the inner hole and extends into the main housing.

[0044] The impeller includes a disk 5.1 and several blades 5.2 disposed on the outer circumference of the disk. The impeller is located in the oil supply chamber and is coaxially fixed to the input shaft. The disk has several oil discharge grooves 5.3 arranged in a ring, and also a keyway 5.4 connecting to the input shaft. The outer diameter of the disk is larger than the inner diameter of the pressure plate's inner hole. The outer diameter of the blades matches the inner diameter of the second step surface (oil supply chamber), and the thickness of the impeller matches the thickness of the oil supply chamber. The oil discharge grooves are located in the inner hole of the pressure plate, and the distance between the oil discharge grooves and the central axis of the input flange is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner hole. The distances from the oil inlet, oil outlet, blades to the central axis of the output shaft are matched.

[0045] The lubricating oil level in the inner cavity of the housing is higher than the oil inlet. When the impeller rotates under the drive of the input shaft, the impeller draws the lubricating oil into the oil supply chamber from the oil inlet, and then drives the lubricating oil to move along the circumference of the oil supply chamber to the upper part of the oil supply chamber (the oil outlet position).

[0046] The first oil distribution mechanism includes an oil tank 6, an oil inlet 8, an oil outlet 9, an oil trough, and an oil supply hole 7. The oil tank is fixed to the upper part of the main housing cavity (located above the first drive shaft) by a bracket 10. The oil tank is a sealed shell, with an opening 6.3 on the side facing the pressure plate. The oil tank has openings on both sides (…). Figure 12 The oil tank has a first oil outlet 6.1 on both sides and a second oil outlet 6.2 on the bottom surface. The second oil outlet is located above the bevel gear between the input shaft and the first transmission shaft.

[0047] One end of the oil inlet is fixed to the pressure plate and aligned with the oil outlet (the oil outlet is slightly higher than the oil inlet), while the other end of the oil inlet extends into the oil tank through the opening. Mounting seats 8.1 for connecting the pressure plate are provided on both sides of the oil inlet. The oil inlet is a rectangular tube with an open top surface.

[0048] The oil grooves are respectively installed on the inner walls of both sides of the main housing (the oil tank is located between the oil grooves on both sides), and the oil grooves are located above multiple bearing bosses on both sides of the main housing. The oil supply holes respectively penetrate the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the bearing bosses and connect to the oil grooves. Figure 3 As shown, the oil tank is also equipped with oil outlets on both sides. One end of the oil outlet is aligned with the first oil outlet hole of the oil tank, and the other end of the oil outlet extends to the top of the oil trough. The oil outlet is a rectangular tube with an open top surface.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the oil tank is enclosed by a baffle 1.3, a first bearing boss 1-1, a second bearing boss 1-2, a third bearing boss 1-3 located above, and the inner wall of the main housing (these structures are integrated). Among them, the baffle, the third bearing boss, and the inner wall of the main housing serve as the side walls of the oil tank, while the first bearing boss and the second bearing boss serve as the bottom walls of the oil tank.

[0050] The baffle is L-shaped, with its sides connected to the inner wall of the main housing and the outer circumferential surface of the third bearing boss, respectively. The bottom surface of the baffle connects to the outer circumferential surfaces of the first and second bearing bosses. The baffle is also connected to the reinforcing rib 1.4 on the inner wall of the main housing. The position, size, and shape of the baffle can be determined according to the structure of the main housing.

[0051] The first bearing boss, the second bearing boss, and the third bearing boss are all provided with oil supply holes. Since the oil supply hole of the third bearing boss is located above the other two oil supply holes, in order to ensure stable oil supply, the inner diameter of the oil supply hole of the third bearing boss is larger than the inner diameter of the other two oil supply holes.

[0052] After the lubricating oil is discharged from the oil outlet of the pressure plate, it first flows into the oil tank through the oil inlet, then flows into the oil grooves on both sides through the oil outlet, and finally flows into the first bearing boss, the second bearing boss, and the third bearing boss through the oil supply hole to lubricate each bearing. The lubricating oil is also discharged downward through the second oil outlet to supply oil to the bevel gear between the input shaft and the first drive shaft.

[0053] The lower third bearing boss 1-3-1 and the output shaft boss 1-4, which support the output shaft, are immersed in lubricating oil due to their lower position, and the bearings in these locations do not require lubrication through the first oil distribution mechanism. Similarly, the gears installed between the first and second drive shafts, between the second and third drive shafts, and between the third drive shaft and the output shaft, have larger outer diameters and are therefore immersed in lubricating oil, requiring no lubrication through the first oil distribution mechanism. However, the bevel gear between the input shaft and the first drive shaft, due to its smaller outer diameter, is located above the lubricating oil surface and requires lubrication from the first oil distribution mechanism.

[0054] The oil tank and oil trough need to be located on the side of the machine housing cavity near the input shaft. Figure 1 (Left side).

[0055] The second oil distribution mechanism includes an oil inlet hole 11 and an oil return hole 12 provided on the input flange, and an oil discharge groove 5.3 provided on the impeller.

[0056] The oil inlet is located above the input shaft, and its two ends are connected to the oil supply chamber (second step surface) and the inner wall of the shaft hole of the input flange, respectively. Figure 6 As shown, the oil inlet is arranged at an angle. The right end of the oil inlet is the inlet, located directly above the input shaft, and the left end is the outlet, located directly above the input shaft and between the two bearings. The central axis of the oil inlet is coplanar with the central axis of the input flange.

[0057] The oil return hole is located on the lower side of the input shaft, and its two ends are respectively connected to the second stepped surface and the inner wall of the shaft hole of the input flange. Figure 6As shown, the oil return holes are arranged at an angle. The left end of the oil return hole is the inlet, which is located below the input shaft and between the two bearings. The right end of the oil return hole is the outlet, which is located below the input shaft and above the pressure plate oil inlet.

[0058] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the inlet of the oil return hole is located below the oil seal 2.3 of the input shaft and above the lowest point of the input shaft bearing. This not only ensures that a certain level of lubricating oil can accumulate in the shaft hole of the input flange to lubricate the bearing, but also avoids contact between the oil seal and the lubricating oil, reducing the risk of leakage. The central axis of the oil return hole is coplanar with the central axis of the input flange.

[0059] The oil drain groove on the impeller is arranged in a ring. The distance from the outlet of the oil return hole to the central axis of the input flange is equal to the distance from the oil drain groove to the central axis of the input flange. When the impeller rotates, the oil drain groove continuously passes through the outlet of the oil return hole, and the lubricating oil can be discharged outward through the oil return hole and the oil drain groove.

[0060] The oil inlet is located below the oil outlet and above the oil drain groove. The distance from the oil inlet to the central axis of the input flange is greater than the distance from the oil drain groove to the central axis of the input flange. A vertically extending oil guide groove 13 is also provided on the second step surface (oil supply chamber). The bottom end of the oil guide groove is connected to the oil inlet. The top of the oil guide groove, the oil outlet, and the blades at the top of the impeller are all arranged on the same horizontal plane.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, when the impeller delivers lubricating oil to the top of the oil supply chamber, part of the lubricating oil is discharged to the right through the oil outlet of the pressure plate and enters the first oil distribution mechanism, while the other part of the lubricating oil is discharged to the left and then flows into the shaft hole of the input flange through the oil guide groove and the oil inlet hole to lubricate the two bearings of the input shaft. When the lubricating oil in the shaft hole exceeds the inlet of the return oil hole, the lubricating oil is discharged through the return oil hole and the oil drain groove and returns to the main housing.

[0062] This embodiment can also be applied to right-angle reducers with two-stage, three-stage, and five-stage reduction transmissions.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] A self-lubricating speed reducer includes a housing 1, an input shaft 2.1, an output shaft 2.2, a transmission mechanism, an oil pumping mechanism, a first oil distribution mechanism, and a second oil distribution mechanism. This speed reducer is a four-stage orthogonal speed reducer, wherein the input shaft and output shaft are arranged perpendicularly, and the output shaft is arranged parallel to each transmission shaft of the transmission mechanism.

[0065] The difference compared to Example 1 is that:

[0066] The oil pumping mechanism is driven by the first transmission shaft, and is located at the first bearing boss ( Figure 13 A first step surface and a second step surface (omitted in the figure) are made on the surface shown in 1-5. The pressure plate is fixed to the first step surface, and an oil supply chamber is formed between the pressure plate and the second step surface. The impeller is set in the oil supply chamber and fixed to the first drive shaft. The opening 6-3 of the oil tank is located on the side. Figure 13 As can be seen, the lubricating oil discharged from the oil outlet of the pressure plate enters the oil tank through the oil inlet, and then is supplied with oil through the oil outlet and the oil supply hole;

[0067] Meanwhile, the input flange is equipped with an oil inlet and an oil return hole, and an oil outlet (omitted in the figure) is installed on the oil tank and directly connected to the oil inlet. The oil tank supplies oil to the input shaft through the oil outlet to ensure the normal operation of the input shaft bearing. Excess lubricating oil is returned to the housing through the oil return hole.

[0068] This embodiment can also be applied to right-angle reducers with two-stage, three-stage, and five-stage reduction transmissions.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A self-lubricating speed reducer includes a housing 1, an input shaft 2.1, an output shaft 2.2, a transmission mechanism, an oil pumping mechanism, and a first oil distribution mechanism. This speed reducer is a three-stage parallel speed reducer. Figure 14 As shown in the figure, the input shaft, output shaft, and each transmission shaft of the transmission mechanism are arranged in parallel.

[0071] The difference compared to Example 1 is that:

[0072] The oil pumping mechanism is driven by the input shaft, and the input shaft boss ( Figure 14 A first and second stepped surface are made on the surface shown in 1-6). The pressure plate is fixed to the first stepped surface, and an oil supply chamber is formed between the pressure plate and the second stepped surface. The impeller is set in the oil supply chamber and fixed to the input shaft. The opening of the oil tank is located on the side (see reference). Figure 13 (The opening position), the lubricating oil discharged from the oil outlet of the pressure plate enters the oil tank through the oil inlet, and then is supplied with oil through the oil outlet and the oil supply hole;

[0073] This embodiment can also be applied to parallel reducers with two-stage, four-stage, and five-stage reduction transmissions.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are merely specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of this invention should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A self-lubricating speed reducer, comprising a housing (1), an input shaft (2.1) and an output shaft (2.2) rotatably positioned on the housing, and a transmission mechanism for transmitting power between the input shaft and the output shaft; characterized in that: The housing is also equipped with an oil pumping mechanism driven by a drive shaft and an oil distribution mechanism that distributes the lubricating oil supplied by the oil pumping mechanism to each lubrication point. The oil pumping mechanism includes a pressure plate (4) fixed to the end cover, an oil supply chamber located between the end cover and the pressure plate, and an impeller (5) set in the oil supply chamber and driven by a drive shaft; the bottom and top of the pressure plate are respectively provided with an oil inlet (4.1) and an oil outlet (4.2), and the lubricating oil can move from the oil inlet to the oil outlet along the circumferential direction of the oil supply chamber under the drive of the impeller. The oil distribution mechanism includes an oil inlet (11) and an oil return (12) disposed on the input flange and communicating with the inner cavity of the shaft hole of the input flange; an oil groove disposed on the bearing bosses on both sides of the inner wall of the housing; an oil tank (6) disposed above the oil groove and communicating with the oil outlet of the pressure plate and the oil groove; and an oil supply hole (7) penetrating the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the bearing boss and communicating with the oil groove. The oil inlet is disposed above the input shaft, the oil return is disposed below the input shaft, and the oil inlet is also communicating with the oil supply cavity. The drive shaft is the input shaft, and the end cover is the input flange (1.2) of the housing.

2. The self-lubricating speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure plate has an inner hole (4.3) at its center for the drive shaft to pass through.

3. A self-lubricating speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The impeller includes a disk (5.1) and several blades (5.2); the outer diameter of the disk is larger than the inner diameter of the inner hole, and the outer diameter of the blades is matched with the inner diameter of the oil supply chamber.

4. A self-lubricating speed reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oil inlet is located below the oil outlet, and the oil supply chamber is provided with an oil guide groove (13) that connects to the oil inlet; the oil guide groove, the oil outlet, and the blades at the top of the impeller are arranged on the same horizontal plane.

5. A self-lubricating speed reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The oil trough is formed by a baffle (1.3), a bearing boss, and the inner wall of the housing.

6. A self-lubricating speed reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The oil outlet is connected to the oil tank through the oil inlet (8); one end of the oil inlet is fixed to the pressure plate, and the other end of the oil inlet extends into the oil tank.

7. A self-lubricating speed reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oil tank is provided with oil outlets (9) on both sides extending to the top of the oil trough.

8. A self-lubricating speed reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The oil tank is fixed to the upper part of the inner cavity of the housing by a bracket (10).

9. A self-lubricating speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The impeller is provided with several oil drain grooves (5.3) arranged in a ring, and the oil drain grooves are located in the inner hole of the pressure plate; the oil return hole is also connected to the oil drain grooves; the inlet of the oil inlet hole is also located above the oil drain grooves.

Images