Perovskite solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of solar cells, and provides a perovskite solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof. The perovskite solar cell module comprises an encapsulation part, a cell part and a water absorption layer, the encapsulation part encapsulates the cell part and the water absorption layer; the cell part comprises a glass substrate, a conductive layer, a first contact layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second contact layer and an electrode layer which are sequentially stacked, the cell part is formed with a segmentation groove penetrating through the first contact layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the second contact layer and the electrode layer, and the segmentation groove divides the cell part into a plurality of perovskite cells connected in series; and the water absorption layer covers the electrode layer and the segmentation groove. In this way, the damage of water vapor to the cell part can be reduced, and the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular relates to a perovskite solar cell module and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Among related technologies, perovskite solar cell modules exhibit relatively poor stability. The decomposition of perovskite materials is an irreversible process; therefore, slowing down the decomposition rate of perovskite solar cell modules is crucial for accelerating industrialization. Among the many factors affecting the stability of perovskite solar cell modules, humidity has a particularly significant impact. When water vapor reaches the surface of the perovskite thin film, the surface decomposes rapidly under the combined action of water and oxygen, ultimately leading to a decline in the performance of the perovskite solar cell module. Therefore, improving the humidity stability of perovskite solar cell modules has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a perovskite solar cell module and its manufacturing method, aiming to solve the problem of how to improve the humidity stability of perovskite solar cell modules.

[0004] In a first aspect, the perovskite solar cell module provided in this application includes an encapsulation section, a cell section, and a water-absorbing layer. The encapsulation section encapsulates the cell section and the water-absorbing layer. The cell section includes a glass substrate, a conductive layer, a first contact layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a second contact layer, and an electrode layer stacked sequentially. The cell section has a dividing groove that penetrates the first contact layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the second contact layer, and the electrode layer. The dividing groove divides the cell section into multiple perovskite cells connected in series. The water-absorbing layer covers the electrode layer and the dividing groove.

[0005] Optionally, the dividing groove has an opening, and the absorbent layer closes the opening.

[0006] Optionally, the bottom surface of the absorbent layer is flush with the top surface of the membrane layer at the opening.

[0007] Optionally, the absorbent layer includes a first absorbent portion and a second absorbent portion extending from the first absorbent portion, the first absorbent portion covering the electrode layer and the opening, and the second absorbent portion extending into the dividing groove from the opening.

[0008] Optionally, the thickness of the absorbent layer ranges from 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

[0009] Optionally, the absorbent layer includes a water-absorbing resin membrane, which includes one or more of the following: polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylate, starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysate, starch-acrylic acid copolymer, starch-acrylamide graft polymer, cellulose graft copolymer, and cellulose derivative crosslinker.

[0010] Secondly, the method for manufacturing the perovskite solar cell module provided in this application includes:

[0011] A battery section is obtained, wherein the battery section is formed with a dividing groove that penetrates the first contact layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the second contact layer and the electrode layer, and the dividing groove divides the battery section into multiple perovskite cells connected in series.

[0012] A water-absorbing layer is deposited on the electrode layer and the dividing groove so that the water-absorbing layer covers the electrode layer and the dividing groove;

[0013] The battery section on which the water-absorbing layer has been deposited is encapsulated using an encapsulation unit.

[0014] Optionally, depositing a water-absorbing layer on the electrode layer and the dividing groove to cover the electrode layer and the dividing groove includes:

[0015] The raw material solution for coating the absorbent layer onto the electrode layer and the dividing groove;

[0016] The battery section coated with the raw material solution is annealed to obtain the absorbent layer.

[0017] Optionally, in the step of annealing the battery section coated with the raw material solution to obtain the water-absorbing layer, the annealing temperature ranges from 60°C to 80°C.

[0018] Thirdly, the perovskite solar cell module provided in this application is manufactured using any of the methods described above.

[0019] In the perovskite solar cell module and its manufacturing method according to the embodiments of this application, since the encapsulation part encapsulates the cell part and the water-absorbing layer, the encapsulation part can block most of the water vapor, resulting in less water vapor reaching the cell part and the water-absorbing layer through the encapsulation part. Furthermore, since the water-absorbing layer covers the electrode layer and the dividing grooves, water molecules are absorbed by the water-absorbing layer when they come into contact with it, and will not penetrate through the electrode layer and the dividing grooves into the interior of the cell part. This reduces water vapor damage to the cell part and helps improve the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the fabrication method of a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0025] The perovskite solar cell module 100 includes an encapsulation section 10, a first encapsulation component 11, a second encapsulation component 12, an encapsulation film 13, a first lead 14, a second lead 15, a cell section 20, a glass substrate 21, a conductive layer 211, a first contact layer 22, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, a second contact layer 24, an electrode layer 25, a dividing groove 26, an opening 262, a first groove 27, a second groove 28, a buffer layer 29, a water-absorbing layer 30, a first water-absorbing part 31, and a second water-absorbing part 32. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 The perovskite solar cell module 100 of this application embodiment includes an encapsulation part 10, a cell part 20, and a water-absorbing layer 30. The encapsulation part 10 encapsulates the cell part 20 and the water-absorbing layer 30. The cell part 20 includes a glass substrate 21, a conductive layer 211, a first contact layer 22, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, a second contact layer 24, and an electrode layer 25 stacked sequentially. The cell part 20 has a dividing groove 26 that penetrates the first contact layer 22, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, the second contact layer 24, and the electrode layer 25. The dividing groove 26 divides the cell part 20 into multiple perovskite cells connected in series. The water-absorbing layer 30 covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26.

[0028] In the perovskite solar cell module 100 of this application embodiment, since the encapsulation portion 10 encapsulates the cell portion 20 and the water-absorbing layer 30, the encapsulation portion 10 can block most of the water vapor, resulting in less water vapor passing through the encapsulation portion 10 to reach the cell portion 20 and the water-absorbing layer 30. Furthermore, since the water-absorbing layer 30 covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing grooves 26, water molecules are absorbed by the water-absorbing layer 30 when they come into contact with it, and will not pass through the electrode layer 25 and the dividing grooves 26 to enter the interior of the cell portion 20. This reduces damage to the cell portion 20 from water vapor and helps improve the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the encapsulation portion 10 includes a first encapsulation member 11 and a second encapsulation member 12. The first encapsulation member 11 is disposed on the side of the absorbent layer 30 facing away from the glass substrate 21, and the second encapsulation member 12 is disposed at the edge of the first encapsulation member 11 and the glass substrate 21, and abuts against the first encapsulation member 11 and the glass substrate 21. In this way, the first encapsulation member 11, the second encapsulation member 12, and the glass substrate 21 form a receiving cavity, and the part of the battery portion 20 excluding the glass substrate 21 and the absorbent layer 30 are received in the receiving cavity. This not only blocks moisture outside the receiving cavity, but also makes full use of the glass substrate 21, which is beneficial for saving encapsulation materials.

[0030] Specifically, the first encapsulation 11 may include tempered glass. In this way, while achieving encapsulation, the strength of the perovskite solar cell module 100 can be enhanced, protecting the internal components.

[0031] In other embodiments, the first encapsulation 11 may include one or more of float glass, patterned glass, tempered glass, anti-reflective glass, PET, PEN, and PMMA. Thus, a variety of glass substrates 21 are provided to facilitate selection based on actual production needs.

[0032] Specifically, the light transmittance of the first encapsulation component 11 can be greater than 90%. For example, it can be 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Thus, the high light transmittance of the first encapsulation component 11 allows more sunlight to enter the perovskite solar cell module 100, which is beneficial for improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0033] Specifically, the second encapsulation 12 comprises butyl rubber. Thus, the second encapsulation 12 has good airtightness, effectively blocking external moisture and reducing the amount of moisture entering the component. It is understood that in other embodiments, the second encapsulation 12 may also comprise water-blocking encapsulating adhesives such as fluororubber, epoxidized natural rubber, or tempered glass.

[0034] Optionally, the encapsulation part 10 includes an encapsulating film 13, which is disposed between the first encapsulation member 11 and the water-absorbing layer 30. In this way, the encapsulating film 13 can further block moisture, making it difficult for moisture passing through the first encapsulation member 11 and the second encapsulation member 12 to contact the water-absorbing layer 30, thereby improving the humidity stability of the component and the lifespan of the water-absorbing layer 30.

[0035] Specifically, the encapsulating film 13 includes one or more of EVA, PVB, POE, and TPU. Preferably, the encapsulating film 13 includes polyolefin. Thus, the encapsulating film 13 has good water resistance and is inexpensive, thereby reducing costs.

[0036] Specifically, the encapsulating film 13 can be omitted, and the first encapsulation component 11 can directly contact the absorbent layer 30. The side of the first encapsulation component 11 facing the absorbent layer 30 is provided with a glass light-trapping structure.

[0037] Thus, the uneven glass light-trapping structure provides space for the expansion of the water-absorbing layer 30, reducing the probability of component breakage caused by the volume expansion of the water-absorbing layer 30 after absorbing water. Furthermore, the glass light-trapping structure increases the absorption of sunlight, raising the battery temperature and increasing the re-evaporation and reabsorption of water vapor. It can be understood that the water-absorbing layer can uniformly absorb water vapor, thus uniformly increasing its volume. When the battery temperature is too high, water vapor will evaporate into the air through the edges of the water-absorbing layer 30, reducing the water vapor content in the battery and effectively draining water.

[0038] Specifically, the light-trapping structure of the glass can be an arc-shaped surface recessed into the glass cover. In this way, the arc-shaped surface is smoother, reducing damage to the absorbent layer.

[0039] Specifically, each curved surface of the glass light-trapping structure can be the same size. This facilitates the fabrication of the glass light-trapping structure.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the encapsulation portion 10 includes a first lead 14 and a second lead 15. One end of the first lead 14 is connected to the electrode layer 25, and the other end of the first lead 14 is located outside the perovskite solar cell module 100. One end of the second lead 15 is connected to the conductive layer 211 on the glass substrate 21, and the other end of the second lead 15 is located outside the perovskite solar cell module 100. In this way, the current of the perovskite solar cell module 100 is led out through the first lead 14 and the second lead 15.

[0041] Specifically, the first lead 14 may be made of one or more of the following materials: silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), and tantalum (Ta). Similarly, the second lead 15 may be made of one or more of the following materials: silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), and tantalum (Ta). The specific materials of the first lead 14 and the second lead 15 are not limited here.

[0042] Specifically, a first through-hole can be formed on the encapsulation part 10, with one end of the first through-hole contacting the outside and the other end connected to the electrode layer 25; then, conductive material is poured into the first through-hole and cured to form the first lead 14. In this way, the gap between the first through-hole and the first lead 14 is reduced, preventing moisture from passing through the first through-hole and entering the interior of the component.

[0043] Similarly, a second through-hole can be formed on the encapsulation part 10, with one end of the second through-hole contacting the outside and the other end contacting the conductive layer 211 on the glass substrate 21; then, conductive material is poured into the second through-hole and cured to form the second lead 15. In this way, the gap between the second through-hole and the second lead 15 is reduced, preventing moisture from entering the component through the second through-hole.

[0044] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, a conductive layer 211 is provided on the glass substrate 21, and a first groove 27 penetrating the conductive layer 211 is formed in the battery section 20. The first contact layer 22 includes a first contact portion 221 and a second contact portion 222 extending from the first contact portion 221. The first contact portion 221 is stacked between the conductive layer 211 and the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, and the second contact portion 222 extends into the first groove 27 and abuts against the glass substrate 21.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the battery section 20 has a second groove 28 that penetrates the first contact layer 22, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, and the second contact layer 24. The electrode layer 25 includes a first conductive portion 251 and a second conductive portion 252 extending from the first conductive portion 251. The first conductive portion 251 is stacked between the water-absorbing layer 30 and the second contact layer 24, and the second conductive portion 252 extends into the second groove 28 and abuts against the conductive layer 211.

[0046] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the battery section 20 includes a buffer layer 29 disposed between the second contact layer 24 and the electrode layer 25, with the dividing groove 26 penetrating through the buffer layer 29. This reduces the reverse saturation current and improves the open-circuit voltage.

[0047] Specifically, the buffer layer 29 includes one or more of molybdenum oxide, lithium fluoride, C60, aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), polyazinon propane (PEI), TPBI, and zirconium acetate (Zr(Ac)4).

[0048] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the water-absorbing layer 30 completely and continuously covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26. In this way, the water-absorbing layer 30 has no pores, which prevents water vapor from entering the cell through pores and helps to improve the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0049] It is understood that when the electrode layer 25 completely covers the second contact layer 24, the absorbent layer 30 completely and continuously covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26. When the electrode layer 25 does not completely cover the second contact layer 24, the absorbent layer 30 completely and continuously covers the electrode layer 25, the dividing groove 26, and the second contact layer 24.

[0050] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the dividing groove 26 has an opening 262, which is sealed by the water-absorbing layer 30. This ensures that the opening 262 is sealed by the water-absorbing layer 30, thereby preventing moisture from entering the dividing groove 26 through the opening 262 and thus into the interior of the battery section 20, which helps to improve the humidity stability of the component.

[0051] Specifically, the absorbent layer 30 is distributed continuously within the opening 262. In other words, the projection of the opening 262 onto the glass substrate 21 lies within the projection of the absorbent layer 30 onto the glass substrate 21.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the bottom surface of the absorbent layer 30 is flush with the top surface of the membrane layer at the opening. In this way, the bottom surface of the absorbent layer 30 is relatively flat, so that there is no gap between the absorbent layer 30 and the membrane layer at the opening, thereby ensuring that the absorbent layer 30 seals the opening 262.

[0053] Please see Figure 2 Optionally, the absorbent layer 30 includes a first absorbent portion 31 and a second absorbent portion 32 extending from the first absorbent portion 31. The first absorbent portion 31 covers the electrode layer 25 and the opening 262, and the second absorbent portion 32 extends into the dividing groove 26 from the opening 262. Thus, since the second absorbent portion 32 extends into the dividing groove 26 from the opening 262, the opening 262 is blocked in the thickness direction of the component, further ensuring that the absorbent layer 30 seals the opening 262, which is beneficial for improving the humidity stability of the component.

[0054] exist Figure 2In the example, the length of the second absorbent portion 32 is equal to the depth of the dividing groove 26, and the second absorbent portion 32 completely fills the dividing groove 26. This maximizes the humidity stability of the component. It is understood that in other embodiments, the length of the second absorbent portion 32 may be less than the depth of the dividing groove 26. This saves material and reduces costs while ensuring the opening 262 is closed.

[0055] Optionally, the water-absorbing layer may further include a third water-absorbing portion, which is disposed between the second encapsulation member 12 and the battery section 20. This prevents moisture from entering the interior of the perovskite solar cell module 100 from the side. Specifically, the third water-absorbing portion may abut against the first water-absorbing portion 31. Thus, there is no gap between the third water-absorbing portion and the first water-absorbing portion 31, preventing moisture from entering the interior of the battery section 20 through any gap.

[0056] Please see Figure 1 Optionally, the thickness of the absorbent layer 30 ranges from 0.01mm to 1mm. For example, it can be 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.65mm, 0.72mm, 0.85mm, 0.94mm, or 1mm. This ensures the absorbent layer 30 has a suitable thickness, avoiding both poor absorption due to excessive thickness and high cost due to excessive thickness. Preferably, the absorbent layer thickness is 0.5mm. This balances absorption performance and cost, resulting in the best overall effect.

[0057] Optionally, the absorbent layer 30 includes a water-absorbing resin membrane. Using a water-absorbing resin membrane as the absorbent layer 30 provides better water absorption, which is beneficial for improving the humidity stability of the battery.

[0058] Specifically, the water-absorbing resin material can be dissolved in an organic solvent to form a solution, which is then deposited on the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26 to form a water-absorbing resin film; the water-absorbing resin material can be dissolved in water to form a solution, which is then coated and deposited on the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26 to form a water-absorbing resin film; or the water-absorbing resin material can be processed into a thin film and then attached to the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26 to form a water-absorbing resin film. The specific method of forming the water-absorbing resin film is not limited here.

[0059] It is understood that when the absorbent layer 30 includes the second absorbent portion 32, the solution can be poured into the dividing groove 26. In this way, the second absorbent portion 32 completely fills the dividing groove 26, and no gap is formed between it and the dividing groove 26, thus preventing water vapor from entering the interior of the battery section 20 through the gap.

[0060] It is understood that in other embodiments, the absorbent layer 30 may include non-resin materials such as calcium chloride, aluminum oxide, and magnesium sulfate.

[0061] Optionally, the absorbent resin membrane includes one or more of the following: polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylate, starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysate, starch-acrylic acid copolymer, starch-acrylamide graft polymer, cellulose graft copolymer, and cellulose derivative crosslinker. Thus, a variety of types of absorbent resin membranes are provided, allowing selection based on actual production conditions.

[0062] For example, the absorbent resin membrane may include polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylate, starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysate, starch-acrylic acid copolymer, starch-acrylamide graft polymer, cellulose graft copolymer, and cellulose derivative crosslinker; or, the absorbent resin membrane may include starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysate, starch-acrylic acid copolymer, starch-acrylamide graft polymer, cellulose graft copolymer, and cellulose derivative crosslinker; or, the absorbent resin membrane may include polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylate, and starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysate.

[0063] Optionally, the absorbent resin membrane may have one or more of the following molecular weights: low molecular weight, medium molecular weight, and high molecular weight. This provides absorbent resin membranes with various molecular weights, allowing selection based on actual production needs.

[0064] Understandably, low molecular weight superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are typically dissolved in perovskite precursor solutions for doping to improve humidity stability. However, low molecular weight SAPs have very low solubility in perovskite precursor solutions and can easily cause changes in the morphology of the perovskite light-absorbing layer. Furthermore, low doping concentrations are insufficient to withstand high humidity environments, easily leading to the decomposition of perovskite solar cells and consequently affecting their electrical performance.

[0065] In this embodiment, the water-absorbing layer 30 does not contact the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 and therefore does not affect the morphology of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23. Moreover, there is no need to dope the perovskite precursor solution, and the water-absorbing layer 30 has a high content of water-absorbing material, which can withstand high humidity environments.

[0066] Please see Figure 1 The glass substrate 21 may include a transparent glass substrate. Specifically, the light transmittance of the glass substrate 21 may be greater than 90%, for example, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Thus, the high light transmittance of the glass substrate allows more sunlight to enter the module, which is beneficial for improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. Preferably, the light transmittance of the glass substrate 21 is 92%.

[0067] Specifically, the glass substrate 21 includes one or more of float glass, patterned glass, tempered glass, anti-reflective glass, PET, PEN, and PMMA. Thus, a variety of glass substrates 21 are provided to facilitate selection based on actual production needs.

[0068] For example, the glass substrate 21 may include float glass; or, for example, float glass, patterned glass, and tempered glass; or, for example, anti-reflective glass, PET, PEN, and PMMA. No specific form of the glass substrate 21 is limited here.

[0069] Please see Figure 1 The glass substrate 21 may have a conductive layer 211. Alternatively, the glass substrate 21 may be conductive glass. Specifically, the deposited conductive glass can be cleaned. Further, it can be ultrasonically cleaned sequentially using detergent, deionized water, acetone, and ethanol; the ultrasonically cleaned conductive glass can be purged with high-purity nitrogen; and the high-purity nitrogen-purged conductive glass can be cleaned using an oxygen plasma cleaner. This ensures the conductive glass is clean, preventing impurities from affecting the subsequent film preparation.

[0070] Furthermore, the duration of ultrasonic cleaning ranges from 15 to 25 minutes, for example, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 minutes. Preferably, the duration of ultrasonic cleaning is 20 minutes. This results in better ultrasonic cleaning performance.

[0071] Furthermore, the oxygen plasma cleaning time ranges from 5 to 15 minutes. For example, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, and 15 minutes. Preferably, the oxygen plasma cleaning time is 10 minutes. This results in a better oxygen plasma cleaning effect.

[0072] Specifically, the conductive layer 211 comprises a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). Thus, the TCO can effectively collect the current from the battery section 20, ensuring its normal operation. Furthermore, the TCO has high transmittance and anti-reflective properties, reducing sunlight loss. This contributes to improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0073] Further, the transparent conductive oxide includes one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), aluminum-doped tin oxide (ATO), and indium-doped gallium oxide (IGO). Preferably, the conductive layer includes IZO.

[0074] In other words, the glass substrate 21 includes FTO glass, IZO glass, ITO glass, AZO glass, ATO glass, or IGO glass. Preferably, the glass substrate 21 is FTO glass.

[0075] Please see Figure 1 The first contact layer 22 is disposed on the glass substrate 21. Specifically, the first contact layer 22 is an electron transport layer. In this way, electrons excited by sunlight can be transported in a timely manner through the first contact layer 22, avoiding the accumulation of electrons that would affect the lifespan of the perovskite solar cell module 100. Moreover, this can also block holes and reduce hole-electron recombination.

[0076] It is understood that when the first contact layer 22 is an electron transport layer, the second contact layer 24 is a hole transport layer. In other embodiments, the first contact layer 22 may be a hole transport layer and the second contact layer 24 may be an electron transport layer.

[0077] Specifically, the thickness of the first contact layer 22 ranges from 10nm to 100nm. For example, it can be 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, or 100nm. This thickness of the first contact layer 22 is within a suitable range, resulting in better carrier transport. Preferably, the thickness of the first contact layer 22 is 20nm. This provides the best carrier transport performance.

[0078] Specifically, the first contact layer 22 may include one or more of titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc stannate (ZnSnO4), or tin oxide (SnO2).

[0079] Furthermore, the first contact layer 22 includes a SnO2 layer. A SnO2 precursor solution can be obtained by first mixing a SnO2 dispersion and deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:7; then, it can be deposited on the third conductive layer 122 using a slot coating method to obtain the SnO2 layer. In this way, the first contact layer 22 can be fabricated conveniently and efficiently.

[0080] Please see Figure 1 The perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 is located on the side of the first contact layer 22 away from the glass substrate 21.

[0081] Specifically, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 has an ABX3 crystal structure, where A is Cs. + CH(NH2)2 + CH3NH3 + C(NH2)3 + One or more of them, where B is Pb 2+ Sn 2+ At least one of them, wherein X is Br - I - Cl - One or more of these components. This results in better light absorption of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, which is beneficial for improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0082] For example, A is Cs + B is Pb 2+ X is Br - For example, A is Cs + and CH(NH2)2 + B is Pb 2+ X is Br - For example, A is Cs + B is Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ X is Br - For example, A is Cs + B is Pb 2+ X is Br - and I - For example, A is CH3NH3 + and C(NH2)3 + B is Pb 2+ X is I - and Cl - For example, A is Cs + CH(NH2)2 + CH3NH3 + and C(NH2)3 + B is Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ X can be Br-, I-, or Cl-.

[0083] Specifically, the thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 ranges from 400 nm to 500 nm. For example, it can be 400 nm, 410 nm, 420 nm, 430 nm, 450 nm, 460 nm, 470 nm, 480 nm, 490 nm, or 500 nm. This thickness is within a suitable range, resulting in better light absorption. Preferably, the thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 is 450 nm.

[0084] Specifically, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 can be black.

[0085] Specifically, a perovskite preparation solution can be prepared; the solution is coated onto the first contact layer 22 to obtain a perovskite wet film layer; the perovskite wet film layer is annealed to form a perovskite light-absorbing layer 23. In this way, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23 can be formed conveniently and efficiently.

[0086] Furthermore, the perovskite preparation solution can be a solution of CH3NH3I and PbI2 dissolved in DMF and DMSO.

[0087] Furthermore, the molar ratio of CH3NH3I to PbI2 ranges from 1:(1.005-1.015). Examples include 1:1.005, 1:1.006, 1:1.007, 1:1.008, 1:1.009, 1:1.01, 1:1.011, 1:1.012, 1:1.013, 1:1.014, and 1:1.015. Preferably, the molar ratio of CH3NH3I to PbI2 is 1:1.01.

[0088] Further, the volume ratio of DMF to DMSO is 3:(6.5-7.5). For example, it is 3:6.5, 3:6.6, 3:6.7, 3:6.8, 3:6.9, 3:7, 3:7.1, 3:7.2, 3:7.3, 3:7.4, or 3:7.5. Preferably, the volume ratio of DMF to DMSO is 3:7.

[0089] Furthermore, after dissolving CH3NH3I and PbI2 in a solution of DMF and DMSO, the solution can be stirred. This ensures that CH3NH3I and PbI2 are fully dissolved, which is beneficial for improving the quality of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23.

[0090] Furthermore, the stirring time of the solution ranges from 1.8h to 2.2h. For example, 1.8h, 1.9h, 2.0h, 2.1h, and 2.2h. This ensures that the stirring time is within a suitable range, allowing CH3NH3I and PbI2 to dissolve completely. Preferably, the stirring time is 2h.

[0091] Furthermore, the temperature range of the stirred solution is 65℃-75℃. For example, 65℃, 66℃, 67℃, 68℃, 69℃, 70℃, 71℃, 72℃, 73℃, 74℃, and 75℃. This ensures the temperature of the stirred solution is within a suitable range, allowing CH3NH3I and PbI2 to dissolve fully. Preferably, the temperature of the stirred solution is 70℃.

[0092] Furthermore, a slot coating process can be used to coat the solution onto the first contact layer 22. This results in a faster coating speed and fewer defects in the perovskite wet film layer.

[0093] Furthermore, the substrate coated with the perovskite wet film layer can be heated and dried for 8-12 minutes. For example, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, or 12 minutes. In this way, the perovskite wet film layer is formed into a perovskite light-absorbing layer 23. Preferably, the heating and drying is performed for 10 minutes.

[0094] Please see Figure 1 The second contact layer 24 is located on the side of the perovskite light absorption layer 23 opposite to the first contact layer 22. Specifically, the second contact layer 24 is a hole transport layer, which includes one or more of NiOx film, Spiro-oMeTad film, CuSCN film and PTAA film.

[0095] For example, the hole transport layer includes a NiOx film; or, for instance, a NiOx film and a PTAA film; or even, a NiOx film, a Spiro-oMeTad film, a CuSCN film, and a PTAA film. In this way, holes excited by sunlight can be transported in a timely manner through the second contact layer 24, preventing hole accumulation from affecting the lifespan of the perovskite solar cell module 100. Furthermore, this also blocks electrons, reducing hole-electron recombination. Preferably, the hole transport layer includes a Spiro-oMeTad film.

[0096] Specifically, the thickness of the second contact layer 24 ranges from 10nm to 100nm. For example, it can be 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 33nm, 54nm, 65nm, 80nm, 95nm, or 100nm. This thickness of the second contact layer 24 is within a suitable range, resulting in better carrier transport. Preferably, the thickness of the second contact layer 24 is 20nm.

[0097] Specifically, a wet film of the second contact layer 24 can be coated on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23; then the wet film of the second contact layer 24 can be dried by heating. In this way, the second contact layer 24 can be prepared conveniently and efficiently.

[0098] Furthermore, a slot coating process can be used to coat the wet film layer of the second contact layer 24 onto the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23. In this way, the coating speed is faster and there are fewer defects in the wet film layer of the second contact layer 24.

[0099] Furthermore, the substrate coated with the wet film layer of the second contact layer 24 can be heated and dried for 8-12 minutes. For example, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, or 12 minutes. In this way, the wet film layer of the second contact layer 24 is formed into the second contact layer 24. Preferably, the heating and drying is performed for 10 minutes.

[0100] Please see Figure 1 The electrode layer 25 is located on the side of the second contact layer 24 that is away from the perovskite light absorption layer 23.

[0101] Specifically, the thickness of the electrode layer 25 ranges from 20nm to 80nm. For example, it can be 20nm, 21nm, 30nm, 48nm, 52nm, 70nm, 75nm, 79nm, or 80nm. This thickness of the electrode layer 25 is within a suitable range, resulting in better conductivity. Preferably, the thickness of the electrode layer 25 is 80nm.

[0102] In this embodiment, the electrode layer 25 is ITO.

[0103] It is understood that in other embodiments, electrode layer 25 may be other TCOs. Explanations and descriptions of this part can be found above, and will not be repeated here to avoid redundancy.

[0104] It is understood that in other embodiments, electrode layer 25 may include metal electrodes. Specifically, the metal electrodes may be made of one or more materials selected from silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), and tantalum (Ta). Further, when the metal electrodes are made of multiple materials, the metal electrodes may comprise multiple sets, each set being made of one of the aforementioned materials; the metal electrodes may be made of an alloy of multiple materials; or some of the metal electrodes may be made of an alloy of multiple materials, while the remaining metal electrodes comprise one or more sets, each set being made of one of the aforementioned materials. Preferably, the metal electrodes are silver electrodes.

[0105] Please note that electrode layer 25 may include a metal electrode and a TCO.

[0106] Specifically, the electrode layer 25 can be sputtered onto the second contact layer 24 when the vacuum level in the chamber drops below a preset vacuum level threshold. Further, the preset vacuum level threshold is in the range of 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. -4Pa - 5.5 × 10 -4 Pa. For example, 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Pa, 4.6 × 10 -4 Pa, 4.7 × 10 -4 Pa, 4.8 × 10 -4 Pa, 4.9 × 10 -4 Pa, 5.0 × 10 -4 Pa, 5.1×10 - 4 Pa, 5.2 × 10 -4 Pa, 5.3 × 10 -4 Pa, 5.4 × 10 -4 Pa, 5.5 × 10 -4 Pa. This ensures that the vacuum level in the chamber is within a suitable range, which is beneficial for guaranteeing the quality of electrode layer 25. Preferably, the preset vacuum threshold is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Pa.

[0107] Furthermore, when sputtering the electrode layer 25 onto the second contact layer 24, the controlled current range is 23A-27A. For example, 23A, 24A, 25A, 26A, 27A. This ensures the current is within a suitable range, which is beneficial for guaranteeing the quality of the electrode layer 25. Preferably, the controlled current is 25A.

[0108] Furthermore, when sputtering the electrode layer 25 onto the second contact layer 24, the deposition rate is controlled within the range of 0.8 A / s to 1.2 A / s. For example, 0.8 A / s, 0.9 A / s, 1.0 A / s, 1.1 A / s, and 1.2 A / s. This ensures the deposition rate is within a suitable range, which is beneficial for guaranteeing the quality of the electrode layer 25. Preferably, the deposition rate is controlled at 1.0 A / s.

[0109] Please see Figure 3 The method for manufacturing the perovskite solar cell module 100 according to embodiments of this application includes:

[0110] Step S11: Obtain the battery section 20, which has a dividing groove 26 that penetrates the first contact layer 22, the perovskite light absorption layer 23, the second contact layer 24 and the electrode layer 25. The dividing groove 26 divides the battery section 20 into multiple perovskite cells connected in series.

[0111] Step S12: Deposit a water-absorbing layer 30 on the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26 so that the water-absorbing layer 30 covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26;

[0112] Step S13: The battery section 20, on which the water-absorbing layer 30 has been deposited, is encapsulated by the encapsulation section 10.

[0113] In the manufacturing method of the perovskite solar cell module 100 of this application embodiment, since the encapsulation part 10 encapsulates the cell part 20 and the water-absorbing layer 30, the encapsulation part 10 can block most of the water vapor, resulting in less water vapor passing through the encapsulation part 10 to reach the cell part 20 and the water-absorbing layer 30. Furthermore, since the water-absorbing layer 30 covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26, water molecules are absorbed by the water-absorbing layer 30 when they come into contact with it, and will not pass through the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26 to enter the interior of the cell part 20. This reduces the damage of water vapor to the cell part 20 and helps improve the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0114] Specifically, in step S11, the glass substrate 21 on which the conductive layer 211 is deposited can be cleaned; a first groove 27 can be formed in the conductive layer 211; a first contact layer 22, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, and a second contact layer 24 can be sequentially formed on the conductive layer 211 on which the first groove 27 is formed; a second groove 28 can be formed in the second contact layer 24; an electrode layer 25 can be formed on the second contact layer 24 on which the second groove 28 is formed; and a dividing groove 26 can be formed that penetrates the first contact layer 22, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, the second contact layer 24, and the electrode layer 25. Thus, the battery section 20 is formed. Furthermore, cleaning ensures that the glass substrate 21 is clean, preventing impurities from affecting the subsequent film layer preparation.

[0115] Specifically, the first groove 27, the second groove 28, and the dividing groove 26 can be created using a laser. This allows for efficient and accurate creation of the grooves, which helps improve production efficiency.

[0116] For further explanations and clarifications regarding this section, please refer to the preceding text. To avoid redundancy, they will not be repeated here.

[0117] It is understandable; alternatively, battery section 20 could be purchased directly and processed on it. This would eliminate the need to manufacture battery section 20, thus improving efficiency.

[0118] Specifically, in step S13, the battery section 20 on which the water-absorbing layer 30 is laminated and deposited can be achieved using the encapsulating film 13, the second encapsulating member 12, and the first encapsulating member 11. Thus, the battery section 20 on which the water-absorbing layer 30 is deposited is encapsulated.

[0119] Please see Figure 4 Optionally, step S12 includes:

[0120] Step S121: Coat the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26 with the raw material solution of the water-absorbing layer 30;

[0121] Step S122: Anneal the battery section 20 coated with the raw material solution to obtain the water-absorbing layer 30.

[0122] In this way, the deposition of the absorbent layer 30 is achieved with high efficiency and the quality of the deposited absorbent layer 30 is good.

[0123] Optionally, in step S122, the annealing temperature ranges from 60℃ to 80℃. For example, it can be 60℃, 62℃, 65℃, 67℃, 70℃, 73℃, 75℃, 79℃, or 80℃. This ensures the annealing temperature is within a suitable range, resulting in a better annealing effect and a higher quality absorbent layer 30. Preferably, the annealing temperature is 70℃. This ensures the best quality absorbent layer 30.

[0124] In this embodiment, the raw material solution may be a solution of polyoxyethylene or its derivative dissolved in DMF with a molecular weight of 2000, and the raw material solution may be deposited on the electrode layer 25 by slot-die coating.

[0125] In other embodiments, the raw material solution can be coated onto the electrode layer 25 using spraying, spin coating, or blade coating processes. This results in a more uniform coating of the raw material solution, which is beneficial for improving the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module 100. Specifically, the raw material solution can be sprayed onto the electrode layer 25; the sprayed raw material solution on the electrode layer 25 can then be spin-coated and / or blade-coated. This two-coating process ensures a more uniform coating of the raw material solution, guaranteeing that the entire surface is covered and avoiding any omissions. This results in a completely continuous, pore-free water-absorbing layer 30, preventing moisture from entering the cell through pores and thus improving humidity stability.

[0126] Further explanations and descriptions regarding the fabrication method of the perovskite solar cell module 100 in this embodiment can be found above, and will not be repeated here to avoid redundancy.

[0127] The perovskite solar cell module 100 of this application embodiment is characterized in that it is manufactured by any of the methods described above.

[0128] In the perovskite solar cell module 100 of this application embodiment, since the encapsulation portion 10 encapsulates the cell portion 20 and the water-absorbing layer 30, the encapsulation portion 10 can block most of the water vapor, resulting in less water vapor passing through the encapsulation portion 10 to reach the cell portion 20 and the water-absorbing layer 30. Furthermore, since the water-absorbing layer 30 covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing grooves 26, water molecules are absorbed by the water-absorbing layer 30 when they come into contact with it, and will not pass through the electrode layer 25 and the dividing grooves 26 to enter the interior of the cell portion 20. This reduces damage to the cell portion 20 from water vapor and helps improve the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0129] For further explanations and descriptions regarding this embodiment, please refer to the preceding text. To avoid redundancy, they will not be repeated here.

[0130] In summary, in the perovskite solar cell module 100 and its manufacturing method of this application embodiment, the water-absorbing layer 30 covers the electrode layer 25 and the dividing groove 26. The water-absorbing layer 30 can absorb several thousand times its own weight of deionized water. When water molecules in the air pass through the encapsulation part 10 and reach the edge and surface of the battery part 20, since the water molecules exist in the form of gas and the water-absorbing layer 30 has a high water absorption rate, most of the water molecules that penetrate into the device are absorbed by the water-absorbing layer 30, thereby avoiding the erosion of the perovskite film by water vapor and improving the humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0131] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized by, The package includes a package part, a battery part, and a water absorption layer, the package part encapsulating the battery part and the water absorption layer; the battery part includes a glass substrate, a conductive layer, a first contact layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second contact layer, and an electrode layer stacked in sequence, the battery part being formed with a division groove penetrating through the first contact layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the second contact layer, and the electrode layer, the division groove dividing the battery part into a plurality of perovskite batteries connected in series; and the water absorption layer covering the electrode layer and the division groove. The battery part is formed with a second groove penetrating through the first contact layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the second contact layer, the electrode layer including a first conductive part and a second conductive part extending from the first conductive part, the first conductive part being stacked between the water absorption layer and the second contact layer, and the second conductive part extending into the second groove and abutting against the conductive layer and the perovskite light absorption layer, the second groove being isolated from the division groove.

2. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized by, The division groove is formed with an opening, and the water absorption layer closes the opening.

3. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized by, A bottom surface of the water absorption layer is flush with a top surface of a film layer at the opening.

4. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized by, The water absorption layer includes a first water absorption part and a second water absorption part extending from the first water absorption part, the first water absorption part covering the electrode layer and the opening, and the second water absorption part extending into the division groove from the opening. 5.The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the water absorption layer ranges from 0.01 mm to 1 mm. 6.The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water absorption layer includes a water absorption resin film, the water absorption resin film including one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylate, starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysate, starch-acrylic acid copolymer, starch-acrylamide graft polymer, cellulose graft copolymer, cellulose derivative crosslinking product, and the like.

7. A method of manufacturing a perovskite solar cell module, characterized by, The package includes: The battery part is formed with a division groove penetrating through the first contact layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the second contact layer, and the electrode layer, the division groove dividing the battery part into a plurality of perovskite batteries connected in series; the battery part is formed with a second groove penetrating through the first contact layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the second contact layer, the electrode layer including a first conductive part and a second conductive part extending from the first conductive part, the first conductive part being stacked between the water absorption layer and the second contact layer, the second conductive part extending into the second groove and abutting against the conductive layer and the perovskite light absorption layer, the second groove being isolated from the division groove; A water absorption layer is deposited on the electrode layer and the division groove, so that the water absorption layer covers the electrode layer and the division groove; The battery part on which the water absorption layer is deposited is encapsulated by a package part.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the perovskite solar cell module is fabricated by the steps of: The water absorption layer is deposited on the electrode layer and the division groove, so that the water absorption layer covers the electrode layer and the division groove, including: A raw material solution of the water absorption layer is applied on the electrode layer and the division groove; The battery part on which the raw material solution is applied is subjected to annealing treatment to obtain the water absorption layer. 9.The method of claim 7, wherein the perovskite solar cell module is fabricated by the steps of, In the step of annealing the battery part on which the raw material solution is applied to obtain the water absorption layer, the annealing temperature ranges from 60°C to 80°C.

10. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized by, The method of any one of claims 7-9 is used to make.

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