Scanning Time-Distance Determination Method, Apparatus, Electronic Device, and Storage Medium

Abstract

The present invention provides a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for determining the scanning time distance. The method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time distance of a vibrator based on forward modeling includes: establishing a geological model according to a geological task; obtaining a forward modeling single-shot record containing harmonics by using the forward modeling method; performing stacking by transforming the spatial-time relationship between two single shots; analyzing the influence of harmonics on the reflected wave of the target layer through the stacked data, and determining the vibrator sliding scanning time distance relationship. The rationality of this method is verified by analyzing the data of the actual work area. By using this method, the dynamic sliding scanning method of the vibrator can be quickly and effectively designed according to the acquisition requirements, overcoming the problem that the dynamic sliding scanning mode can only be determined through on-site tests at present, and saving a large amount of test costs and test time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, and relates to the controllable source dynamic sliding scanning technology. Specifically, it is a method for determining the time-distance scanning mode during the controllable source dynamic sliding scanning process according to the unique attribute characteristics of the controllable source data during the dynamic sliding scanning process, by using the forward modeling method and the indoor processing and analysis method. Background Art

[0002] The controllable source seismic data acquisition methods can be divided into three categories: conventional acquisition, high-efficiency acquisition, and high-fidelity acquisition. The conventional acquisition method usually refers to using only one set of controllable sources for operation, and obtaining the common shot gather through cross-correlation processing; the high-efficiency acquisition method refers to using two or more sets of controllable sources to construct at intervals of a certain time or simultaneously. Similarly, the common shot gather is obtained through cross-correlation processing; the high-fidelity acquisition method refers to using one or more controllable sources to vibrate simultaneously at different shot points with a certain distance interval from each other, and obtaining the common shot gather by using ground force signal deconvolution. Through case analysis, it can be seen that the controllable source high-efficiency acquisition method greatly improves the data acquisition operation efficiency, significantly shortens the construction period, and thus reduces the exploration cost; the development direction of the controllable source seismic data acquisition technology is the combination of high-efficiency acquisition and high-fidelity acquisition methods, so as to achieve low-cost, high-precision, and high-fidelity seismic exploration operations.

[0003] The controllable source seismic acquisition technology is an important seismic exploration method in the complex surface area of the western region at present. Among them, the dynamic sliding scanning technology is an important acquisition technology for high-efficiency production of controllable sources, which can greatly improve the production efficiency. The most important thing in the dynamic sliding scanning technology is how to determine the scanning start time according to the mutual distance between several controllable sources during operation. Since harmonic interference will be generated in the single-shot record of the controllable source, if the distance interval between two sources is relatively close and the scanning time interval is relatively small, the harmonic interference will seriously affect the signal-to-noise ratio of the single-shot data and cause poor data imaging.

[0004] At present, for how to determine the time-distance relationship of the dynamic sliding scanning, mainly field tests are adopted. A long spread is arranged in the work area, and a large number of tests are carried out on several controllable sources according to different distance intervals and different scanning start times. The time-distance parameters of the dynamic sliding scanning are determined through the tests. This method is time-consuming and laborious, and the cost is relatively large.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method for determining the time-distance of the controllable source dynamic sliding scanning based on forward modeling. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention is a research carried out in response to the above problems. By using some special regular features in vibroseis seismic acquisition and obtaining a single shot through forward modeling and performing different time-distance combinations indoors to determine the time-distance parameters of dynamic sliding scanning, this problem is better solved. The obtained dynamic sliding scanning parameters have been verified in the actual work area, and the analysis conclusions are correct.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining the time-distance of dynamic sliding scanning of a vibroseis based on forward modeling, including:

[0008] Step 1, establishing a geological model according to the geological task;

[0009] Step 2, obtaining a forward modeling single shot record containing harmonics by using the forward modeling method;

[0010] Step 3, performing superposition by changing the spatial-time relationship between two single shots;

[0011] Step 4, analyzing the influence of harmonics on the reflected wave of the target layer through the superimposed data, and determining the time-distance relationship of the vibroseis sliding scanning.

[0012] Further, the step 2 includes:

[0013] Designing a scanning signal containing harmonics;

[0014] Performing forward modeling on the established geological model by using the scanning signal containing harmonics.

[0015] Further, the designing of the scanning signal containing harmonics includes:

[0016] Designing each order of harmonics according to the vibroseis scanning signal S1 set for seismic acquisition in the work area;

[0017] Superimposing the designed each order of harmonics with the scanning signal S1 to form a scanning signal S2 containing harmonics.

[0018] Further, performing forward modeling on the established geological model by using the scanning signal containing harmonics includes:

[0019] Performing forward modeling on the established geological model by using the scanning signal S2 containing harmonics to obtain a master record;

[0020] Correlating the master record with the scanning signal S1 to obtain a complete forward modeling single shot record of the wave field components of the vibroseis.

[0021] Further, when correlating the master record with the scanning signal S1, the relevant record retains the harmonic records of each order before the first arrival, and the forward modeling single shot record contains the harmonic components of each order.

[0022] Further, step 3 includes:

[0023] The forward modeling single-shot record is denoted as A, and a copy of the forward modeling single-shot record is denoted as B;

[0024] Keep the position of record A unchanged, move record B horizontally by several traces, and / or move it vertically by several milliseconds, and then superimpose record A and record B.

[0025] Further, step 4 includes:

[0026] According to the influence degree of the harmonics before the first arrival of the superimposed record B on the reflected waves of different horizons of record A, adjust the spatial and temporal positions of record B, and record the scanning time-distance relationship between record A and record B.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time-distance of a vibrator based on forward modeling, including:

[0028] A modeling unit that establishes a geological model according to a geological task;

[0029] A forward modeling unit that obtains a forward modeling single-shot record containing harmonics by using the forward modeling method;

[0030] A superimposing unit that performs superimposition by changing the spatial and temporal relationship between two single shots; and

[0031] An analysis unit that analyzes the influence of harmonics on the reflected waves of the target layer through the superimposed data to determine the sliding scanning time-distance relationship of the vibrator.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, which includes:

[0033] A memory that stores executable instructions;

[0034] A processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time-distance of a vibrator based on forward modeling.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time-distance of a vibrator based on forward modeling.

[0036] It has been proved by practice that adopting this method can accurately obtain the sliding scanning method of the vibrator better, which is more convenient and faster than the current method of field tests, and saves the test cost. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0037] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for determining the dynamic sliding scan time distance of a vibroseis based on forward modeling according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is an effect diagram obtained by using the method of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specific Embodiments

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0042] The present invention conducts research on the existing problems in the field, adopts some special regular features in vibroseis seismic acquisition, obtains a single shot through forward modeling and performs different time distance combinations indoors to determine the time distance parameters of dynamic sliding scanning, which preferably solves this problem. The obtained dynamic sliding scanning parameters are verified by actual work areas, and the analysis conclusions are correct.

[0043] The present invention discloses a method for determining the dynamic sliding scan time distance of a vibroseis based on forward modeling. The method includes first establishing a geological model according to geological tasks, obtaining a forward modeling single shot containing harmonics by using the forward modeling method, superimposing by changing the space-time relationship between two single shots, analyzing the influence of harmonics on the reflected wave of the target layer through the superimposed data, and finally determining the time distance relationship of the vibroseis sliding scan in this work area through multiple analyses.

[0044] The rationality of this method is verified by analyzing the data of actual work areas. Using this method, the dynamic sliding scan method of the vibroseis can be designed quickly and effectively according to the acquisition requirements, overcoming the problem that the dynamic sliding scan method can only be determined through on-site tests at present, and saving a large amount of test costs and test time.

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, the present disclosure proposes a method for determining the dynamic sliding scan time distance of a vibroseis based on forward modeling, including:

[0046] Establish a geological model according to geological tasks;

[0047] Use the forward modeling method to obtain a forward modeling single-shot record containing harmonics;

[0048] Perform stacking by changing the spatio-temporal relationship between two single shots;

[0049] Analyze the influence of harmonics on the reflected waves of the target layer through the stacked data, and determine the time-distance relationship of the vibrator sliding sweep.

[0050] The present invention is proposed for the current simple, fast and effective method for determining the time-distance parameters during the dynamic sliding sweep of the vibrator, and can meet the current requirements for determining the dynamic sliding sweep parameters of the vibrator.

[0051] Specifically, first, according to the geological structure of the work area and the imaging target requirements, establish a geological model. According to the vibrator scan signal set for seismic acquisition in the work area, design each order of harmonics. For example, if the scan signal is 6 - 80 Hz, then calculate according to the frequency relationship between each order of harmonics and the scan signal. The second-order harmonic is 12 - 160 hz, the third-order harmonic is 18 - 240 Hz, and the fourth-order harmonic is 24 - 320 Hz. The scan length is the same as the scan signal length, and the amplitude size is set according to the amplitude sizes of each order of harmonics in the vibrator force signal in previous similar areas. Denote the original scan signal as S1, and stack the designed harmonics with the scan signal S1 to form signal S2.

[0052] Perform forward modeling on the established geological model using the harmonic signal S2 to obtain a master record, and correlate the master record with the scan signal S1. The correlated record is required to retain the harmonic records of each order before the first arrival, so as to obtain a complete forward modeling single-shot record of the wave field components of the vibrator, which contains the harmonic components of each order.

[0053] Next, copy another such single-shot record. One of these two single-shot records is denoted as Record A, and the other as Record B. Adjust the time relationship and spatial position relationship of these two records for superposition. For example, the position of Record A can be kept unchanged, and Record B can be horizontally shifted by several traces and / or vertically shifted by several milliseconds, and then Record A and Record B are superimposed to analyze the influence of the harmonics before the first arrival of Record B on the reflected waves of different horizons of Record A. For example, Record B is horizontally shifted by 2 km and then vertically shifted by 300 ms, and the two records are superimposed together. Since the harmonic components before the first arrival of Record B are relatively long, this harmonic will surely affect some reflected waves of Record A. Then, based on the degree of influence, analyze whether the spatial and temporal scanning relationship formed by Record A and Record B is appropriate. If it is not appropriate, continue to adjust the spatial and temporal positions of Record B, and record at what distance what scanning interval is appropriate. For example, when the distance is close, use a large scanning interval; when the distance is far, use a small scanning interval, and finally determine the time-distance relationship of the vibrator sliding scan in this work area through this method. It has been proved by practice that using this method can accurately obtain the vibrator sliding scan method better, which is more convenient and faster than the current method of field tests and saves the test cost.

[0054] Using the method of the present invention, the determined scanning conclusion can be scientific, reasonable, fast and effective, saving the test cost. The rationality of this method has been verified by analyzing the data of the actual work area. Using this method, the vibrator dynamic sliding scan method can be designed quickly and effectively according to the acquisition requirements, overcoming the problem that the dynamic sliding scan mode can only be determined through on-site tests at present, and saving a large amount of test cost and test time.

[0055] To facilitate the understanding of the solution and its effects of the embodiments of the present invention, the following gives specific application examples. Those skilled in the art should understand that this example is only for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and any specific details are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for determining the time-distance of the vibrator dynamic sliding scan based on forward simulation. The method includes first establishing a geological model according to the geological task, obtaining a forward simulation single shot containing harmonics by using the forward simulation method, superimposing by changing the spatial and temporal relationship between two single shots, analyzing the influence of the harmonics on the reflected waves of the target layer through the superimposed data, and finally determining the time-distance relationship of the vibrator sliding scan in this work area through multiple analyses. The rationality of this method has been verified by analyzing the data of the actual work area. Using this method, the vibrator dynamic sliding scan method can be designed quickly and effectively according to the acquisition requirements, overcoming the problem that the dynamic sliding scan mode can only be determined through on-site tests at present, and saving a large amount of test cost and test time.

[0058] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the following provides a detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows:

[0059] As Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a method for determining the dynamic sliding scan time distance of a vibrator based on forward simulation.

[0060] In step 101, according to the requirements of the geological task, relevant data is collected, including horizon data, seismic interpretation profiles, velocity density, etc. Based on this data, a geological model of the work area is established. The process proceeds to step 102.

[0061] In step 102, according to the vibrator scan signal set for seismic acquisition in the work area, each harmonic is designed. For example, if the scan signal is 6 - 80 Hz, then according to the frequency relationship between each harmonic and the scan signal, the second harmonic is 12 - 160 Hz, the third harmonic is 18 - 240 Hz, and the fourth harmonic is 24 - 320 Hz. The scan length is the same as the scan signal length, and the amplitude size is set according to the amplitude sizes of each harmonic in the vibrator force signals in previous similar areas. The original scan signal is denoted as S1, and the designed harmonics are superimposed on the scan signal S1 to form signal S2. The process proceeds to step 103.

[0062] In step 103, forward simulation is performed on the established geological model using the harmonic signal S2 to obtain a master record. The master record is correlated with the scan signal S1. The correlated record is required to retain the harmonic records before the first arrival. In this way, a single-shot record of the complete forward simulation of the wave field components of the vibrator is obtained, which contains the components of each harmonic. The process proceeds to step 104.

[0063] In step 104, copy another such single-shot record. One of these two single-shot records is denoted as record A, and the other is denoted as record B. Adjust the time relationship and spatial position relationship of these two records for superposition. The method is as follows: Keep the position of record A unchanged, move record B horizontally by several traces, and / or move it vertically by several milliseconds, and then superimpose record A and record B. Analyze the influence of the harmonics before the first arrival of record B on the reflected waves of different horizons of record A after superposition. For example, move record B horizontally by 2 km and then vertically by 300 ms, and superimpose the two records. Since the harmonic components before the first arrival of record B are relatively long, this harmonic will surely affect some reflected waves of record A. Then, according to the degree of influence, analyze whether the spatial and time scanning relationship composed of record A and record B is appropriate. If it is not appropriate, continue to adjust the spatial and time positions of record B, and record at what distance what scanning interval is appropriate. For example, when the distance is close, use a large scanning interval; when the distance is far, use a small scanning interval. The process proceeds to step 105.

[0064] In step 105, perform multiple superposition analyses using this method, and finally determine the time-distance relationship of the vibrator sliding scan in this work area, and the process ends.

[0065] Figure 2 The figure shows the conclusion of the vibrator dynamic sliding scan parameters obtained by using this method in a certain work area. It can clearly know what position relationship the two vibrators are in and what scanning interval needs to be used for scanning, which can meet the production requirements and thus effectively guide the production.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] This embodiment provides a device for determining the time-distance of the vibrator dynamic sliding scan based on forward simulation, including:

[0068] A modeling unit that establishes a geological model according to the geological task;

[0069] A forward unit that obtains a forward simulation single-shot record containing harmonics by using the forward simulation method;

[0070] A superposition unit that performs superposition by changing the spatial and time relationship between two single shots; and;

[0071] An analysis unit that analyzes the influence of harmonics on the reflected waves of the target layer through the superposition data, and determines the time-distance relationship of the vibrator sliding scan.

[0072] The modeling unit, forward modeling unit, stacking unit, and analysis unit are connected in sequence. The forward modeling unit designs each harmonic according to the vibroseis scanning signal S1 set for seismic acquisition in the work area; superimposes the designed harmonics with the scanning signal S1 to form a scanning signal S2 containing harmonics; performs forward modeling simulation on the established geological model using the scanning signal S2 containing harmonics to obtain a master record; correlates the master record with the scanning signal S1 to obtain a complete forward modeling single-shot record of the wavefield components of the vibroseis.

[0073] The stacking unit correlates the master record with the scanning signal S1. The correlated record retains the harmonic records before the first arrival. The forward modeling single-shot record contains harmonic components of each order. Specifically, the forward modeling single-shot record is denoted as A, and a copy of the forward modeling single-shot record is denoted as B; keeping the position of record A unchanged, record B is horizontally shifted by several traces, and / or vertically shifted by several milliseconds, and then record A and record B are superimposed.

[0074] The analysis unit analyzes the influence of the harmonics before the first arrival of record B after superimposition on the reflected waves of different horizons of record A, adjusts the spatial and temporal positions of record B according to the degree of influence, and records the scanning time-distance relationship between record A and record B.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This embodiment provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time-distance of a vibroseis based on forward modeling.

[0077] The electronic device according to this embodiment includes a memory and a processor.

[0078] The memory is used to store non-temporary computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, and the computer program products may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory, etc. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0079] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to run the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0080] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience effect, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as communication buses and interfaces, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0081] For a detailed description of this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time distance of a vibroseis based on forward modeling.

[0084] According to the computer-readable storage medium of this embodiment, non-temporary computer-readable instructions are stored thereon. When the non-temporary computer-readable instructions are run by a processor, all or part of the steps of the methods of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are executed.

[0085] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium includes but is not limited to: optical storage media (such as CD-ROMs and DVDs), magneto-optical storage media (such as MOs), magnetic storage media (such as magnetic tapes or external hard drives), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memories (such as memory cards), and media with built-in ROMs (such as ROM cartridges).

[0086] Those skilled in the art should understand that the purpose of the above description of the embodiments of the present invention is only to exemplarily illustrate the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention to any example given.

[0087] The above has described the embodiments of the present invention. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for determining the dynamic sliding scan time distance of a vibrator based on forward modeling, characterized in that Including: Step 1: Establish a geological model according to geological tasks; Step 2: Obtain a forward modeling single-shot record containing harmonics using the forward modeling method; Step 3: Perform stacking by changing the spatio-temporal relationship between two single-shot records; Step 4: Analyze the influence of harmonics on the reflected waves of the target layer through the stacked data, and determine the time-distance relationship of the vibrator's sliding sweep; The said Step 3 includes: Denote the forward modeling single-shot record as A, and copy one forward modeling single-shot record as B; Keep the position of record A unchanged, move record B horizontally by several traces, and / or move it vertically by several milliseconds, and then stack record A and record B; The said Step 4 includes: According to the influence degree of the harmonics before the first arrival of record B after stacking on the reflected waves of different layers of record A, adjust the spatial and temporal positions of record B, and record the sweep time-distance relationship between record A and record B; The said Step 2 includes: Design a scanning signal containing harmonics; Perform forward modeling on the established geological model using the scanning signal containing harmonics; The said design of the scanning signal containing harmonics includes: Design each order of harmonics according to the vibrator scanning signal S1 set for seismic acquisition in the work area; Superimpose the designed harmonics of each order on the scanning signal S1 to form a scanning signal S2 containing harmonics; The said design of the scanning signal containing harmonics includes: Design each order of harmonics according to the vibrator scanning signal S1 set for seismic acquisition in the work area; Superimpose the designed harmonics of each order on the scanning signal S1 to form a scanning signal S2 containing harmonics; Performing forward modeling on the established geological model using the scanning signal containing harmonics includes: Perform forward modeling on the established geological model using the scanning signal S2 containing harmonics to obtain a master record; Correlate the master record with the scanning signal S1 to obtain a complete forward modeling single-shot record of the wave field components of the vibrator; Correlate the master record with the scanning signal S1, and the correlated record retains the harmonic records of each order before the first arrival, and the forward modeling single-shot record contains the harmonic components of each order.

2. A device for determining the dynamic sliding scan time distance of a vibrator based on forward modeling, characterized in that, Including: A modeling unit that establishes a geological model according to geological tasks; A forward modeling unit that obtains a forward modeling single-shot record containing harmonics using the forward modeling method; A stacking unit that performs stacking by changing the spatio-temporal relationship between two single-shot records; And; An analysis unit that analyzes the influence of harmonics on the reflected waves of the target layer through the stacked data and determines the time-distance relationship of the vibrator's sliding sweep.

3. An electronic device, characterized in that, The said electronic device includes: A memory that stores executable instructions; A processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for determining the dynamic sliding sweep time-distance of the vibrator based on forward modeling described in claim 1.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, This computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for determining the dynamic sliding sweep time-distance of the vibrator based on forward modeling described in claim 1.

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