An air cushion type ice-resistant protection structure for a wading pier column, a protection unit, and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to an air cushion type ice-resistant protection structure for a wading pier column, a protection unit and a construction method thereof. A buffer deformation zone with high toughness is constructed between the pier column and the ice surface. The ice-resistant protection structure can not only effectively weaken the ice expansion force and the ice thrust caused by the uneven expansion force around the ice, but also weaken the vertical force caused by the ice surface rising and falling driven by the water level fluctuation, and is particularly suitable for reducing the ice-resistant protection of the pier column in a static water area. In addition, the modular unitized structure of the protection structure is convenient for construction and maintenance, and the practicability is greatly enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ice hazard prevention and control in water conservancy projects, and in particular to an air cushion type ice resistant protection structure for a wading pier, a protection unit and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] For water-borne structures in cold regions, ice loads are often critical environmental loads, crucial for both structural design optimization and safe operation and maintenance. The development of anti-icing protection methods, devices, or structures to eliminate or reduce the impact of ice loads has always been a hot topic and a challenge in the field of engineering ice damage prevention and control technology.

[0003] Pile-column structures such as vertical banks of rivers, channels, and sluice gates in cold waters, as well as bridge piers, dock piles, and offshore platform columns, are subject to ice loads during ice periods that can be categorized into horizontal and vertical ice loads. Horizontal ice loads primarily include expansion, pushing, and impact forces, while vertical ice loads primarily include upward and downward forces. Horizontal ice loads are generated by the horizontal relative motion of ice and the structure, while vertical ice loads are generated by the vertical relative motion of ice and the structure. Specifically, ice expansion forces are caused by sudden temperature rises, and the strength of boundary constraints, such as those on the surrounding banks, significantly influences their magnitude. Generally speaking, the stiffer the boundary constraints, the more constrained the free deformation of the ice surface, and the greater the expansion forces generated on the vertical walls. For piles, uneven ice expansion pressure around the piles when surrounding ice conditions vary can result in large horizontal thrusts toward the weaker side, leading to bending-tension or shear failure. The pushing force is a horizontal ice load generated by the prolonged contact between large ice sheets, driven by wind and flow, and walls or piles. The magnitude of this compressive force is determined by factors such as environmental dynamics, ice surface size, and ice compressive strength. When drifting ice collides with a wall or pile at high speed, its momentum changes dramatically in a short period of time, generating a large impact force. The magnitude of this impact force is closely related to factors such as structural stiffness, drifting ice size, and initial velocity. Generally speaking, the stiffer the contact surface with the ice, the shorter the impact duration, and the greater the impact force exerted by drifting ice with the same initial momentum. Vertical upward or downward pulling forces are primarily caused by the rise and fall of the frozen ice surface with water level fluctuations and are closely related to the freezing strength of the ice-structure interface.

[0004] In summary, the ice load on the structure is closely related to the ice level determined by hydrological and climatic conditions, as well as to factors such as the dynamic environment and the structure itself. Changing the hydrological conditions of the water area to alleviate the ice condition, breaking the frozen ice surface to reduce contact, or optimizing the structural properties to weaken the ice force are the three main ways to develop anti-icing protection technology. The current anti-icing protection methods or structures at home and abroad can be roughly summarized into the following categories: (1) De-icing: By introducing thermal energy to increase the local temperature around the structure to prevent or slow down the freezing of the water body; or by mechanically disturbing the water body through bubbling, stirring, etc., to delay or destroy the initial freezing of the ice surface. (2) Ice-breaking: By manually or through ice-breaking facilities such as ships, the ice surface in a certain area around the structure is regularly broken and cleaned, so that a clear ditch is formed around the structure to avoid adhesion or contact between the ice surface and the structure, thereby cutting off the load transfer path between the ice surface and the structure. (3) Coating: By coating the surface of the structure with ice-repellent materials to reduce the bonding strength between the ice and the structure surface, the amount of ice on the structure surface and the adhesion capacity are reduced. (4) Slope type: By adding a cone or inverted cone device to the pile-column structure or changing the vertical slope into a slope, the vertical interaction between the ice surface and the wall surface is transformed into an inclined interaction. The damage mode of the ice-structure interaction is then changed from the previous extrusion damage to bending damage, achieving a significant reduction in the load on the ice-structure interaction. (5) Buffer type: By adding rigid buffer devices or flexible buffer materials to the parts of the structure that may be impacted to achieve the purpose of buffering and absorbing energy, the impact force of ice on the structure is reduced.

[0005] Although many ice protection methods, devices, or structures have been developed for bridge piers, piles, and other structures at home and abroad, they are still lacking in terms of cost, scope of application, and protective effect, and need further improvement and enhancement. De-icing and ice-breaking methods require a lot of energy or manpower. Although coating methods can effectively reduce the bonding strength between ice and the surface of the structure and reduce the vertical ice load between the ice and the structure, the coating layer is easily damaged and fails, and it cannot reduce the horizontal ice load. Slope structures are effective in reducing horizontal ice loads, but they cannot reduce vertical ice loads. Buffer devices are suitable for both structures to be built and existing structures, and have good applicability. However, the existing buffer devices are relatively complex in structure and cumbersome in construction, and mainly consider the buffering effect of horizontal ice loads.

[0006] Therefore, considering the anti-icing protection performance, cost, practicality and other factors comprehensively, it is of great significance to develop an anti-icing protection structure that can effectively reduce both horizontal and vertical ice loads, and has a wide range of applications, is easy to install and low cost, in order to ensure the safety of structural engineering in cold regions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose an air cushion type anti-icing protection structure for water-crossing piers, a protection unit and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one of the technical solutions proposed in the present invention is: an air cushion type anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier, wherein the protection structure is composed of protection units connected in parallel and in series, and is a thin plate-shaped modular structure;

[0009] Each protection unit is vertically attached side by side to the contact area between the bridge pier and / or pile structure and the ice surface;

[0010] Adjacent protection units are bound to the pier and / or pile structure by at least two upper and lower ropes passing through the sleeve grooves and are closely arranged.

[0011] Furthermore, adjacent protection units are connected in series through the inflation valve, exhaust valve, and air pipe. The gas in any protection unit can flow into the adjacent protection unit through the exhaust valve and the air pipe, which is used for air pressure transmission between the series protection units.

[0012] Another technical solution proposed by the present invention is a protection unit, which is applied to the aforementioned air-cushion anti-icing protection structure for wading piers. The protection unit is used to reduce ice loads acting on piers and / or pile structures. The protection unit includes:

[0013] at least one upper compartment for receiving ice loads acting on the surface of the protection unit after the protection unit is inflated;

[0014] At least one lower chamber is connected to the lower end of the upper chamber. After the protection unit is inflated, part of the protection unit can be placed in water to serve as a counterweight for the protection unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper cabin and the lower cabin may be integrally formed, and the portion where the upper cabin and the lower cabin are connected is a cabin partition layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper cabin is provided with a multi-layer horizontal wire drawing structure, so that after the upper cabin is inflated, the upper cabin has a thin plate shape.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper compartment is provided with at least one inflation valve, at least one exhaust valve and at least one safety valve.

[0018] Furthermore, an opening is provided on the surface of the lower chamber for filling and discharging ballast materials.

[0019] Furthermore, at least one sleeve groove is provided on the outer surface of the protection unit for sleeve-connecting a rope to fix the protection unit.

[0020] Another technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a protective structure construction method, the method comprising:

[0021] S1. Determine the thickness, width, and number of the aforementioned protection units based on the cross-sectional perimeter of the pier and / or pile structure;

[0022] S2. Determine the height of the protection unit based on factors such as the average annual ice thickness and water level fluctuation in the engineering waters where the piers and / or pile structures are located;

[0023] S3. Fill the lower cabin with sand and water to counterbalance: First fill the lower cabin with fine sand, and then fill it with water until the lower cabin space is completely filled with fine sand and water;

[0024] S4. Use an air pump to inflate the upper chamber to a pressure of 0.05 MPa;

[0025] S5. Transport the protection units that have completed steps S3-S4 to the area where the piers and / or pile structures are located and place them side by side around the piers and / or pile structures, ensuring that the water surface is relatively flush with the middle height of the upper compartments of the protection units.

[0026] S6. Pass the upper and lower ropes through the rope grooves on the outer sides of the protection units, and tie multiple protection units to the pier to form a protection structure. The protection structure is balanced under the action of its own weight, counterweight, buoyancy, and friction.

[0027] S7. Connect adjacent protection units in series through air pipes. The gas in any protection unit can flow into the adjacent protection unit through the air pipe via the exhaust valve, thereby realizing air pressure transmission between the series protection units.

[0028] Furthermore, in S7, when the air pressure in the upper cabin is higher than the internal pressure threshold of 0.2MPa, the safety valve of the upper cabin will automatically open to release the pressure. The safety valve will automatically close only after the air pressure in the cabin drops below 0.2MPa to avoid damage due to excessive air pressure.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] 1. The technology of the present invention constructs a highly resilient buffer deformation zone between the pier and the ice surface. It can not only effectively weaken the ice expansion force and the ice thrust caused by the uneven expansion force around it, but also weaken the vertical force caused by the rise and fall of the ice surface caused by the fluctuation of the water level. It is particularly suitable for anti-ice protection of piers in still waters.

[0031] 2. The number of protection units can be adjusted according to the actual size of the pier, and the protection units are universal.

[0032] 3. Due to its modular characteristics, the damage of a local protection unit does not mean the failure of the entire protection structure, and the non-damaged units can still function normally independently.

[0033] 4. Due to its modular characteristics, during maintenance, only the damaged protection unit needs to be replaced, which saves costs, facilitates construction and maintenance, and greatly enhances practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protection unit of Examples 1-6 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the external structure of the protection unit of Examples 1-6 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 1 is a side view of the external structure of the protection unit of Examples 1-6 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the protective structure of Examples 7-8 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 is a top view schematic diagram of the protective structure of Examples 7-8 of the present invention arranged on a bridge pier and / or pile structure;

[0039] Figure 6 is a side elevation cross-sectional schematic diagram of a protective structure according to Example 9 of the present invention arranged on a bridge pier and / or pile structure;

[0040] Among them, 1. Protection unit; 2. Upper cabin; 3. Lower cabin; 4. Cabin partition layer; 5. Brushed structure; 6. Inflation valve; 7. Exhaust valve; 8. Safety valve; 9. Opening; 10. Sleeve groove; 11. Air pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a protection unit, protection unit 1, is used to reduce ice loads acting on bridge piers and / or pile structures. The protection unit 1 includes:

[0044] at least one upper compartment 2, the protection unit being used to receive ice loads acting on the surface of the protection unit after being inflated;

[0045] At least one lower chamber 3 is connected to the lower end of the upper chamber 2 , and after the protection unit is inflated, part of the protection unit 1 can be placed in water to serve as a counterweight for the protection unit 1 .

[0046] Specifically, the ballast materials used in the lower compartment 3 are fine sand and water.

[0047] Specifically, when the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 are separately provided, the fabric material of the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 are both strong elastic, wear-resistant and cold-resistant butadiene rubber.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] like Figure 1-3 As shown, based on the structure of Example 1, further, the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 can be formed as one piece, and the portion connecting the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 is a cabin partition layer 4.

[0050] Specifically, when the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 are integrated, the fabric materials of the upper cabin 2, the lower cabin 3 and the cabin partition layer 4 are all made of highly elastic, wear-resistant and cold-resistant butadiene rubber.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] like Figure 1-3 As shown, based on the structures of Example 1-Example 2, a multi-layer horizontal drawing structure 5 is further provided in the upper cabin 2, so that after the upper cabin 2 is inflated, the shape of the upper cabin 2 is a thin plate.

[0053] Specifically, the wire drawing structure 5 is a high-strength fiber layer.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] like Figure 1-3 As shown, based on the structures of Examples 1 to 3, the upper compartment 2 is further provided with at least one inflation valve 6, at least one exhaust valve 7 and at least one safety valve 8.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] like Figure 1-3 As shown, based on the structures of Examples 1 to 3, further, an opening 9 is provided on the surface of the lower compartment 3 for filling and discharging ballast materials.

[0058] Example 6

[0059] like Figure 1-3 As shown, based on the structures of Examples 1 to 3, further, at least one sleeve groove 10 is provided on the outer surface of the protection unit 1 for sleeve-connecting a rope to fix the protection unit.

[0060] Example 7

[0061] like Figure 4-5As shown, an air cushion anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier, the protection structure is composed of a protection unit described in any one of the above embodiments 1 to 6 connected in parallel and in series, and is a thin plate-shaped modular structure;

[0062] like Figure 4-5 As shown, each protection unit 1 is vertically attached side by side to the contact area of ​​the pier and / or pile structure with the ice surface;

[0063] like Figure 4-5 As shown, adjacent protection units 1 are tightly arranged by being bound to the pier and / or pile structure through at least two upper and lower ropes passing through the sleeve grooves 11 .

[0064] Example 8

[0065] like Figure 4-5 As shown, based on the structure of Example 7, adjacent protection units 1 are further connected in series through the inflation valve 6, the exhaust valve 7, and the air pipe 11. The gas in any protection unit 1 can flow into the adjacent protection unit 1 through the exhaust valve 7 and the air pipe 11, which is used for air pressure transmission between the series protection units 1.

[0066] Example 9

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, a protective structure construction method, the method comprising:

[0068] S1. Determine the thickness, width, and number of protection units of a protection unit described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 6 above based on the cross-sectional perimeter of the pier and / or pile structure;

[0069] Specifically, the thickness t (unit: m) of the protection unit 1 is preferably 0.1-0.4 m. A larger value is used when the radial diameter d (unit: m) of the pier is larger, and a smaller value is used when the radial diameter d (unit: m) of the pier is smaller. Specifically, the relationship between the thickness t of the protection unit 1 and the radial diameter d of the pier is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] S2. Determine the height of the protection unit 1 based on factors such as the average annual ice thickness and water level fluctuation in the engineering waters where the piers and / or pile structures are located;

[0072] Specifically, the height of the upper cabin 2 (h u , unit: m) According to the average annual ice thickness of the water area where the wading pier is located (h ice , unit: m) and winter average water level variation (Δh w , unit: m). The uppermost edge position of the upper compartment 2 (z uh , unit: m) is the average high water level in winter (z wh, unit: m) plus an additional height (Δh eh , unit: m), the additional height is 1.0 times the average annual ice thickness and the additional height is not less than 0.25m; the lowest edge position of the upper cabin 2 (z ul , unit: m) is the average low water level in winter (z wl , unit: m) minus an additional height (Δh el , unit: m), the additional height is 1.0 times the average annual ice thickness and the additional height is not less than 0.25m. The difference between the upper and lower edges of the upper cabin is the upper cabin height. The mathematical relationship between the above physical quantities is:

[0073] h u =z uh -z ul

[0074] z uh =z wh +Δh eh

[0075] Δh eh =max(0.25, h ice )

[0076] z ul =z wl -Δh el

[0077] Δh el =max(0.25, h ice )

[0078] Δh w =z wh -z wl

[0079] The final expression for the height of the upper compartment 2 of the protection unit is:

[0080]

[0081] The method for determining the height of the lower chamber 3 is as follows: without considering the weight of the protection unit 1 and the friction between the protection unit 1 and the pier wall, after the lower chamber 3 is completely filled with fine sand and water as a counterweight, the protection unit 1 is under the action of the counterweight and buoyancy, and the water surface is located at the middle height position of the upper chamber 2. According to the principle of force balance, the height of the upper chamber 2 h u and the height h of the lower compartment 3 d The following relationship should be satisfied:

[0082] ρ w g·(0.5h u +h d )=ρ s g·(1-n)hd +ρ w g·nh d

[0083] Where: w is the density of water, which can be 1000kg / m 3 ρ s is the density of sediment, which can be taken as 2650kg / m 3 ; g is the acceleration due to gravity, which can be taken as 10.0m / s 2 ; n is the porosity of fine sand accumulation, which is generally 0.4.

[0084] Simplified:

[0085]

[0086] After substituting the known parameter values, we get:

[0087] h d =0.505h u

[0088] In actual design, the height of the lower cabin 3 (h d ) can be set to 0.5 times the height of the upper cabin 2 (h u ).

[0089] The width (w) of the protective unit 1 should be 3 to 5 times the thickness (t) of the protective unit 1, and 4 times is recommended. For a circular cross-section wading pier with a diameter of d, first calculate the perimeter (L) of the middle thickness of the protective structure 1, and then calculate the required number of protective units 1 (N) and the width (w) of the protective unit. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] L=π(d+t)

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] S3, filling the lower compartment 3 with sand and water as counterweight: first fill the lower compartment 3 with fine sand, then fill it with water until the lower compartment 3 is completely filled with fine sand and water;

[0094] S4. Use an air pump to inflate the upper chamber 2 to a pressure of 0.05 MPa;

[0095] In actual design, based on a series of known parameters such as the geometric dimensions of the air cushion protection unit, the internal pressure threshold adopted, and the mechanical properties of the fabric, the fabric thickness t that meets the design requirements can be calculated and determined through finite element analysis. s .

[0096] S5. Transport the protection units that have completed steps S3-S4 to the area where the piers and / or pile structures are located and place them side by side around the piers and / or pile structures, ensuring that the water surface is relatively flush with the middle height of the upper compartment of the protection unit 1.

[0097] S6. Pass the upper and lower ropes through the rope grooves on the outer side of the protection unit 1, and tie multiple protection units 1 to the pier to form a protection structure;

[0098] Specifically, the secure binding of the protective structure to the pier is achieved by adjusting the tension of the ropes.

[0099] S7. Connect adjacent protection units in series through the air pipe 11. The gas in any protection unit 1 can flow into the adjacent protection unit 1 through the air pipe 11 via the exhaust valve 7, thereby realizing air pressure transmission between the series-connected protection units 1.

[0100] Furthermore, in S7, when the air pressure in the upper cabin 2 is higher than the internal pressure threshold of 0.2MPa, the safety valve of the upper cabin 2 will automatically open to release the pressure. After the air pressure in the cabin drops to 0.2MPa, the safety valve will automatically close to avoid damage due to excessive air pressure.

[0101] The protective structure formed by connecting air cushion protection units in series can effectively reduce vertical and horizontal ice loads. The specific principles are as follows:

[0102] (1) Principle of vertical load reduction: This is mainly reflected in the radial vertical deformation of the protection unit (i.e., the outer side of the protection unit will move upward or downward relative to the inner side under the vertical load), which can reduce the relative displacement of the ice surface fluctuation, thereby reducing the vertical ice load caused by the water surface fluctuation. (2) Principle of horizontal load reduction. This is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, when the drifting ice hits the pier, the buffering effect of the protection unit increases the duration of the action between the drifting ice and the pier. According to the momentum theorem, the impact force acting on the pier can be effectively reduced. Second, when there is an unbalanced ice expansion and extrusion effect around the pier, the air pressure in the protection unit corresponding to the side with greater ice expansion and extrusion pressure will be higher, while the air pressure in the protection unit corresponding to the side with smaller ice expansion and extrusion pressure will be lower. Driven by the pressure difference, the air flow flows from the high-pressure protection unit to the low-pressure protection unit. Initially, the high-pressure protection unit contracts radially, and the squeezing effect with the surrounding ice surface decreases; while the low-pressure protection unit expands radially, and the squeezing effect with the surrounding ice surface increases. Ultimately, the pressure difference between the protection units can be reduced, and the ice expansion force around the pier can also be uniform, thereby avoiding the formation of a large ice thrust in a certain direction on the pier.

[0103] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air cushion anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier, characterized in that: The protection unit is applied to the use of an air cushion type anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier, wherein the protection structure is composed of protection units (1) connected in parallel and in series, and is a thin plate-shaped modular structure; the protection structure formed by the protection units connected in series can effectively weaken vertical and horizontal ice loads; Each protection unit (1) is vertically attached to the bridge pier and / or pile structure in a contact area with the ice surface; Adjacent protection units (1) are tied to the pier and / or pile structure by at least two upper and lower ropes passing through the sleeve groove (10) and are closely arranged; Adjacent protection units (1) are connected in series via the inflation valve (6), the exhaust valve (7), and the air pipe (11). Gas in any protection unit (1) can flow into the adjacent protection unit (1) via the exhaust valve (7) and the air pipe (11), thereby transmitting air pressure between the series-connected protection units (1). A protection unit (1) is used to reduce ice loads acting on a bridge pier and / or pile structure, and the protection unit (1) includes: at least one upper cabin (2), the protection unit being used to bear the ice load acting on the surface of the protection unit after being inflated; at least one lower chamber (3) connected to the lower end of the upper chamber (2); after the protection unit is inflated, part of the protection unit (1) can be placed in water to serve as a counterweight for the protection unit (1); The upper chamber (2) is provided with a multi-layer horizontal wire drawing structure (5), which is used for forming the upper chamber (2) into a thin plate shape after the upper chamber (2) is inflated; The height of the lower cabin (3) is 0.5 times the height of the upper cabin (2); The protection units (1) are transported to the area where the piers and / or pile structures are located and are placed side by side around the piers and / or pile structures, with the water surface being flush with the middle height position of the upper compartments of the protection units (1); When the air pressure in the upper compartment (2) is higher than the internal pressure threshold of 0.2 MPa, the safety valve of the upper compartment (2) will automatically open to release the pressure. After the air pressure in the compartment drops to 0.2 MPa, the safety valve will automatically close to avoid damage caused by excessive air pressure.

2. The air cushion anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cabin (2) and the lower cabin (3) can be integrally formed, and the portion connecting the upper cabin (2) and the lower cabin (3) is a cabin partition layer (4).

3. The air cushion anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper chamber (2) is provided with at least one inflation valve (6), at least one exhaust valve (7) and at least one safety valve (8).

4. The air cushion anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier according to claim 3, characterized in that: An opening (9) is provided on the surface of the lower chamber (3) for filling and discharging ballast material.

5. The air cushion anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least one sleeve groove (10) is provided on the outer surface of the protection unit (1) for sleeve-connecting a rope to fix the protection unit.

6. The construction method of the air cushion anti-icing protection structure for a wading pier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method includes: S1. Determine the thickness, width, and number of protection units based on the cross-sectional perimeter of the pier and / or pile structure; S2. Determine the height of the protection unit (1) based on the average annual ice thickness and water level fluctuation factors of the engineering waters where the pier and / or pile structure is located; S3. Filling the lower compartment (3) with sand and water as counterweight: First fill the lower compartment (3) with fine sand, and then fill it with water until the lower compartment (3) is completely filled with fine sand and water; S4. Use an air pump to inflate the upper chamber (2) to a pressure of 0.05 MPa; S5. Transport the protection units that have completed steps S3-S4 to the area where the piers and / or pile structures are located, and place them side by side around the piers and / or pile structures, ensuring that the water surface is relatively flush with the middle height position of the upper compartment of the protection unit (1); S6. Pass the upper and lower ropes through the rope grooves on the outer side of the protection unit (1), and tie the multiple protection units (1) to the pier to form a protection structure. The protection structure is balanced under the action of its own weight, counterweight, buoyancy and friction; S7. Adjacent protection units are connected in series through the air pipe (11). The gas in any protection unit (1) can flow into the adjacent protection unit (1) through the air pipe (11) via the exhaust valve (7), thereby realizing the air pressure transmission between the series-connected protection units (1).

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