A distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and power distribution network electric-hydrogen coordinated planning method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electric-hydrogen coordination planning methods of distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and distribution network, steps are as follows: 1) establish the traffic network in planning area;2) calculate the hydrogen energy demand of the position to be planned in traffic network;3) establish the double-layer coordination planning model of distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system and distribution network;4) solve double-layer coordination planning model, obtain distributed power supply and distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system coordination planning scheme.The application creates a kind of distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system and distribution network coordination planning method, can simulate the operation state of hydrogen supply system substation, mother station hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transport equipment, coordinate the planning decision of mother station distributed power supply and distribution network distributed power supply, effectively optimize the operation and planning benefit of hydrogen supply system and distribution network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the research field of hydrogen supply system planning, and in particular to an electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning method for a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network. Background Art

[0002] As a major contributor to carbon emissions and energy consumption, the maturity of hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen vehicle technologies offers the potential for decarbonization in the transportation sector. The development of hydrogen infrastructure is crucial to the overall development of the hydrogen energy industry chain and the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The proposed parent-child station model and distributed hydrogen production through DG electrolysis can shorten transportation distances and reduce the costs of hydrogen storage and transportation. Furthermore, utilizing distributed power sources to produce hydrogen can achieve a "carbon-free" hydrogen energy system. The widespread adoption of hydrogen vehicles is limited by the progress of infrastructure construction. The current planning of the number and types of hydrogen refueling stations (the organization and layout of the hydrogen energy supply network) fails to adequately adapt to the mismatch between hydrogen energy demand and demand, leading to the low efficiency of hydrogen refueling stations. However, the hydrogen supply system is complex, highly flexible, and spatially coupled, making modeling challenging. In the field of hydrogen refueling station planning, existing technologies fail to consider the planning of hydrogen production and refueling stations (i.e., parent stations). They do not address factors such as station site selection, interaction between the production and refueling stations and the distribution network, and hydrogen storage and transportation costs. Furthermore, they lack simulation of the operational state of hydrogen refueling stations using water electrolysis. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network, comprising the following steps:

[0004] 1) Establish a transportation network within the planning area.

[0005] The transportation network within the planning area includes L1 bus or L2 hydrogen logistics vehicle operation routes. The starting point of each operation route is denoted as TS l , the end point is recorded as TE l The number of hydrogen buses and hydrogen logistics vehicles on each route is recorded as NV 1,l , NV 2,l .

[0006] There are l parking lots in the planning area. Among them, the lth parking lot is located at the traffic node TP l The number of hydrogen fuel vehicles in each parking lot is denoted as NV 3,l .

[0007] The average daily hydrogen demand of buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles and cars in scenario r is recorded as D 1,r , D 2,r and D 3,r The probability curves of hydrogen refueling time for buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles and cars in scenario r are respectively recorded as pB,t , p T,t and p C,t . t=1,2,...T.

[0008] 2) Calculate the hydrogen energy demand at the locations to be planned in the transportation network.

[0009] The hydrogen energy demand at the locations to be planned is as follows:

[0010] SD rit =p t D type,r AD i (1)

[0011] Where p t is the probability of hydrogenation at time t. SD rit AD is the hydrogen energy demand at the planned location i at time t under scenario r; i is the daily hydrogen refueling demand of hydrogen refueling station i.

[0012] Among them, the daily hydrogenation demand AD of hydrogenation station i is i As shown below:

[0013]

[0014] Where ps type,li DN is the spatial reduction coefficient, i.e., the probability of a bus or hydrogen logistics vehicle in route l refueling at the planned location i or the probability of the lth parking lot refueling at the planned location i. type,li The effective distance calculated for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle type type. type = 1, 2, and 3 represent hydrogen buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles, and hydrogen cars, respectively.

[0015] Spatial reduction coefficient ps type,li As shown below:

[0016]

[0017] Effective calculated distance DN of hydrogen fuel vehicle type type,li As shown below:

[0018]

[0019] Where S is Configure a binary variable for the hydrogen tank capacity. is =1 means that the planned location i is to be equipped with the sth type of hydrogen storage tank, S is =0 means that the planned location i is not equipped with the sth type of hydrogen storage tank. i∈Ω S ,s∈Ω HS . is the distance from position i to TE in the transportation network lTS l TP l The shortest driving distance; d i,i = 0. i,j∈Ω TN Ω TN It is the set of transportation nodes in the planning area.

[0020] 3) Establish a two-layer coordinated planning model for the distributed two-layer hydrogen supply system and the distribution network.

[0021] The two-layer coordinated planning model includes an upper-layer planning model and a lower-layer planning model.

[0022] The objective function of the upper-level planning model is as follows:

[0023] maxF1=CO-f A (SC+TC-AS)-f A PGC(5)

[0024] Where F1 represents the objective function of the upper-level planning. CO is the annual total operating benefit of the electricity-hydrogen system. SC is the equipment investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station. TC is the operating cost of the transportation link of the hydrogen supply system. AS is the subsidy for the construction of the hydrogen refueling station. PGC is the equipment investment cost of the distributed generation (DG) of the distribution network. A is the annual equivalent coefficient.

[0025] Among them, the equipment investment cost SC of the hydrogen refueling station is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] Where, Ω HS ,Ω HP ,Ω HE ,Ω PV ,Ω WD They are respectively a set of optional hydrogen storage tanks, compressors, electrolytic cells, distributed photovoltaic power generation equipment, and distributed wind power generation equipment types; Ω HD For configurable hydrogenation gun assembly; Ω S A collection of locations for hydrogen refueling stations to be planned; hsc s is the investment cost of the sth type of hydrogen storage tank; hec e is the investment cost of the electrolytic cell of type e; hvc v hwc is the investment cost of the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; w is the investment cost of the w-th type of wind power generation equipment; hdc is the investment cost of a hydrogen refueling machine; S is Configure binary variables for hydrogen tank capacity; E ie Indicates that the planned location i is configured with the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment; e∈Ω HE ; V iv=1 means that the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment is configured at the planned location i, V iv =0 means that the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment is not configured at the planned location i; W iw =1 means that the w-th type of wind power generation equipment is configured at the planned location i, W iw =0 means that the wth type of wind power generation equipment is not configured at the planned location i; cm =1 indicates the c-th tube trailer with configuration type m, I cm =0 means no tube trailer is configured; D id =1 means that the dth hydrogenation machine is configured at the planned location i, D id =0 means that the dth hydrogenation machine is not configured at the planned location i; X jv =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, X jv =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment. jw =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, Y jw =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the wth type of wind power generation equipment.

[0028] Among them, the investment cost of hydrogen compressor HPC at the i-th location to be planned is i As shown below:

[0029]

[0030] Where, ω PA % is the investment cost coefficient of type A compressor. PB % is the investment cost coefficient for Type B compressors. Type A compressors compress hydrogen from hydrogen production equipment into hydrogen storage tanks. Type B compressors compress hydrogen from hydrogen storage tanks into hydrogen refueling machines.

[0031] The equipment investment cost TC for hydrogen transportation is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Where, Ω C and Ω M These are the long tube trailers used to transport hydrogen and their types. m is the equipment investment cost of the mth type of tube trailer.

[0034] The hydrogen station construction subsidy AS is as follows:

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] Where FWi is the subsidy for location i to be planned. is the capacity of the sth type of hydrogen storage tank at the planned location i. HS0 is the hydrogen storage capacity subsidy limit specified in the subsidy policy. wh is the subsidy amount after the hydrogen station capacity reaches the limit. wl is the subsidy amount before the limit is reached.

[0038] The investment cost PGC of distribution network DG equipment is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Where, Ω G is the node set of the distribution network.

[0041] The constraints of the upper-level planning model are shown in formulas (12)-(23) respectively.

[0042]

[0043]

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] S is ,E ie ,I cm ,D id ∈{0,1} i∈Ω S , s∈Ω HS ,e∈Ω HE ,c∈Ω C ,m∈Ω M ,d∈Ω D (twenty two)

[0053] V iv ,W iw ,X iv ,Y iw ∈{0,1} i∈Ω S ,v∈ΩPV ,w∈Ω WD (twenty three)

[0054] Where hd rate is the rated hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenator; T is the number of sampling points per day; Ω T is the set of sampling points within a day; M is a constant; ND max The upper limit of the configuration of the hydrogenation machine; X jv =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, X jv =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; Y jw =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, Y jw =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment; Ω B ,Ω R ,Ω D They represent the distribution network node set, scenario set, and hydrogen refueling machine quantity set respectively.

[0055] The objective function of the lower-level planning model is as follows:

[0056] max F2=CO=HO-AG=(GH-OT-OS-OE-HN)-AG (24)

[0057] In the formula, max F2 represents the maximum annual total operating benefit of the electricity-hydrogen system. The annual operating income HO of the hydrogen supply system includes the annual hydrogen production income GH, the annual operation and maintenance costs of the transportation link OT, and the annual maintenance costs of the hydrogen station equipment OS. The annual operating income PO of the distribution network includes the annual electricity sales income SP excluding the hydrogen station load, the annual electricity purchase cost BE from the upper power grid, and the wind curtailment penalty AG. HOS rit , HOE rit 、HVP rit and PWP rit They are the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank, the power of the hydrogen production equipment, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation equipment, and the output power of the wind power generation equipment at the planned location i in the rth scenario at time t. rgt and PVP rgt are the output power of photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment at distribution network node g at time t in the rth scenario. The tube trailer operation variables include the time-space transfer state variables and working state variable B rct , Indicates that the c-th tube trailer is transferred from node i to node j at time t in the r-th scenario, and does not transfer otherwise. Indicates self-transfer, that is, maintaining the position at the previous moment. B rct=1 means that the c-th tube trailer is in working state at time t in the r-th scenario, otherwise it is in resting state. are the voltage phase angle and amplitude of the distribution network node g at time t in the rth scenario. S ED rit is the hydrogen supply amount, which represents the hydrogen supply strategy of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0058] Among them, the hydrogen production income GH is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Where, γ ph % is the conversion coefficient of hydrogen production equipment's hydrogen production power to hydrogen output. is the number of days in scenario r in a year. H,r is the hydrogen sales price under scenario r.

[0061] The annual operation and maintenance costs (OT) for the transport link are as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where w OB,T % is the maintenance cost coefficient of transportation equipment, c t and c w are the fuel cost per unit distance traveled and the driver’s labor cost per unit time. ij is the shortest travel distance from location i to j in the transportation network. ii =0.

[0064] The annual maintenance cost OS of hydrogen refueling station equipment is as follows:

[0065] OS=ω OB,S %SC (27)

[0066] Where w OB,S % is the maintenance cost coefficient of transportation equipment.

[0067] The annual electricity purchase cost OE of the hydrogen supply network is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Where, when OE>0, ρ E,rt is the electricity purchase price of the hydrogen refueling station from the distribution network at time t under scenario r. When OE<0, ρ E,rt is the electricity price sold by the hydrogen refueling station to the distribution network at time t under scenario r. OE>0 indicates purchasing electricity from the distribution network, and OE<0 indicates selling electricity to the distribution network.

[0070] The total electric power PS of hydrogen station i interacting with the distribution network at time t in the rth scenario rit As shown below:

[0071]

[0072] Where λ P,A %,λ P,B % is the proportional coefficient.

[0073] The hydrogen shortage penalty HN at a hydrogen refueling station is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Where, v up 、v dn is the average rate of loading and unloading hydrogen to the tube trailer. Δt is the sampling interval. rit SD is the amount of hydrogen supplied. rit is the actual hydrogen demand. N,rt is the hydrogen shortage penalty coefficient of the hydrogen refueling station at time t under scenario r.

[0076] The wind curtailment penalty cost AG is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Where, ρ W is the cost of wind power generation, ρ V is the cost of photovoltaic power generation; PWP rit is the wind turbine output power PVP at time t at the planned location i under the rth scenario rgt is the output power of the wind turbine at the node g in the distribution network at time t in the rth scenario; is the weight coefficient; X gv =1 means that the distribution network node g is equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, X gv =0 means that the distribution network node g is not equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; Y gw =1 means that the distribution network node g is equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, Y gw =0 means that the distribution network node g is not equipped with the wth type of wind power generation equipment.

[0079] The constraints of the lower-level planning model include hydrogen production equipment operation constraints, hydrogen supply sufficiency constraints of hydrogen refueling stations, hydrogen supply capacity constraints, long-tube trailer hydrogen balance constraints, upper and lower limit constraints of hydrogen storage tanks and long-tube trailers, distributed power generation output constraints, long-tube trailer transfer constraints, and distribution network flow constraints and state constraints.

[0080] The operating constraints of hydrogen production equipment are shown in formulas (32)-(35):

[0081]

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Where, Rated capacity of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment. hoe % is the ratio of the initial value of the hydrogen production equipment output to the rated power. p,e % is the ramp rate of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment. T is the period.

[0086] The hydrogen supply adequacy constraints of hydrogen refueling stations are as follows:

[0087]

[0088] In the formula, ED rit SD is the actual effective hydrogen supply. rit is the actual hydrogen demand. rit >0 indicates the actual amount of hydrogen supplied. rit <0 indicates the amount of hydrogen in short supply. i∈Ω S ,r∈Ω R ,t∈[1,T].

[0089] The hydrogen supply capacity constraints are as follows:

[0090]

[0091] The hydrogen balance constraints for the tube trailer are as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Where, parameter c∈Ω C .

[0094] The upper and lower limits of hydrogen in hydrogen storage tanks and tube trailers are as follows:

[0095]

[0096]

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Where, is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the sth hydrogen storage tank. is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the m-th tube trailer. hos %, α hot % are the ratios of the initial hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and the tube trailer to the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the tube trailer. β% is the hydrogen extraction rate.

[0100] The output constraints of distributed generation are shown in formulas (43)-(46):

[0101]

[0102]

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] in, and are the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the s, e, v and w types of hydrogen storage tanks, the rated capacity of hydrogen production equipment, photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment respectively; cw t are the constraint coefficients of photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment respectively;

[0106] The transfer constraints of the long tube trailer are shown in formulas (47)-(56):

[0107]

[0108]

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] B rct =B rc0 c∈Ω C ,r∈Ω R ,t∈Ω T (54)

[0115]

[0116] Δt ij =RD[d ij / v c ] i,j∈ΩS (56)

[0117] Where RD[] is the rounding function. rc0 is the initial position of the c-th tube trailer in the r-th scenario. is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the mth type of long tube trailer. N SC,max Indicates the upper limit of the number of long-tube trailers in the same hydrogen refueling station. rc0 is the value of the initial working state variable. ij is the minimum transfer time from location i to j to be planned. c is the average speed of the tube trailer. rct is the working state variable; Ω represents the set.

[0118] The distribution network flow constraint state constraints include the electric load constraints of the hydrogen station grid-connected nodes, the distribution network power balance constraints, and the distribution network voltage amplitude and current amplitude constraints.

[0119] The electrical load constraints of the hydrogen station grid-connected node are as follows:

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Where, L S×NB is the grid-connected location matrix of the planned location, and S is the number of planned locations. L(i,g) = 1 means that the planned location i is connected to the grid at the distribution network node g, otherwise, L(i,g) = 1 means that the planned location i is not connected to the grid at the distribution network node g. Matrix L S×NB The sum of each row is 1. Ω G is the set of distribution network nodes. and They are respectively the power load and total power load of the distribution network node g other than the hydrogen refueling station at time t in the rth scenario.

[0123] The power balance constraints of the distribution network are as follows:

[0124]

[0125] Where, P rt , Q rt ,δ' rt and V' rt They represent the active injection power from the second node to the NBth node in the first column of the network matrix. The column vector, reactive injection power Column vector, voltage phase angle Column vector and voltage magnitude Column vector. g∈Ω G. and is the column vector consisting of the second node to the NBth element in the first column of the network matrix B1 and the network matrix B2. δ1 and V1 are the voltage phase angle vector and voltage amplitude vector;

[0126] The network matrices B1 and B2 are shown below:

[0127]

[0128] Where r ij 、x ij are the resistance and reactance of the branch between node i and node j. B1(i,j) and B1(i,i) are the elements of the network matrix B1; B2(i,j) and B2(i,i) are the elements of the network matrix B2;

[0129] The voltage and current amplitude constraints of the distribution network are as follows:

[0130] I' min ≤I'≤I' max (61)

[0131] V m ' in ≤V'≤V m ' ax (62)

[0132] Among them, V' min and V' max are the lower and upper limit vectors of the node voltage V'; I' max and I' min are the upper and lower limits of the node current I' respectively.

[0133] 4) Solve the two-layer coordinated planning model and obtain the coordinated planning scheme of distributed power supply and distributed two-layer hydrogen supply system.

[0134] The steps to solve the two-level coordination planning model include:

[0135] 4.1) Encode the variables of the upper-level planning model.

[0136] 4.2) Set the parameters of the genetic algorithm, the maximum number of iterations is N, the population size is NP, the optimal fitness is f = -∞, the number of iterations is r = 1, and initialize the variables of the upper-level planning model.

[0137] 4.3) Calculate the fitness of each individual in the population. The fitness shown is the objective function of the upper-level planning model.

[0138] The steps to calculate the fitness of each individual in the population include:

[0139] 4.3.1) Calculate the equipment investment cost of hydrogen refueling station SC, the equipment investment cost of hydrogen transportation link TC, the construction subsidy of hydrogen refueling station AS, and the equipment investment cost of distribution network DG PGC.

[0140] 4.3.2) Calculate the objective function of the lower-level planning model, the steps include:

[0141] 4.3.2.1) Map each individual to the value of the upper-level variable.

[0142] 4.3.2.2) Initialize the lower-level planning model variable.

[0143] 4.3.2.3) Input the objective function and constraints of the lower-level planning model in cplex.

[0144] 4.3.2.4) Get the optimal solution of the lower-level planning model variable and the optimal annual total operating benefit of the electricity-hydrogen system.

[0145] 4.3.3) Calculate the fitness of each individual.

[0146] 4.4) Record the optimal fitness F of the current generation population and the corresponding individual. If F r r f, then f=F r , and record the corresponding individual, otherwise execute step 4.5).

[0147] 4.5) If r>N, end and output, otherwise, let r=r+1, and execute step 4.6).

[0148] 4.6) Perform the selection operator according to the roulette rule.

[0149] 4.7) Perform the crossover operator.

[0150] 4.8) Perform the mutation operator, and return to step 4.3).

[0151] ​The technical effect of the present invention is unquestionable. The present invention creates a coordinated planning method for a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system and a distribution network, which can simulate the operating status of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation equipment of the hydrogen supply system substation and mother station, coordinate the planning decisions of the distributed power supply of the mother station and the distributed power supply of the distribution network, and effectively optimize the operation and planning benefits of the hydrogen supply system and the distribution network. The upper layer takes the maximum annual total benefit of the electric-hydrogen system as the objective function, and uses the position and capacity of the long-tube trailer in the double-layer hydrogen supply system, the position of the hydrogen refueling substation and the mother station, and the capacity of the hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen production equipment as variables to establish the lower layer model. The lower layer takes the maximum annual total operating benefit of the electric-hydrogen system as the goal, and uses the operating strategies of the long-tube trailer, hydrogen refueling substation, and mother station, and the absorption power of the distribution network DG, the node voltage amplitude, and the node voltage phase angle as variables. The lower layer variables are all random variables. The planning model is solved by combining genetic algorithm and cplex software, and the IEEE 33-node distribution system and 25-node transportation system are used as examples to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the model and algorithm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0152] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the double-layer hydrogen supply system involved in the present invention.

[0153] Figure 2 Flowchart for solving a two-layer model based on genetic algorithm and CPLEX.

[0154] Figure 3 It is a coupling diagram of the planned regional distribution network and transportation network.

[0155] Figure 4 The daily hydrogen refueling probability curve for each type of hydrogen vehicle

[0156] Figure 5 is the time-of-use electricity price curve of the distribution network. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0157] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and modifications can be made according to common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, and all should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0158] Example 1:

[0159] See also Figures 1 to 5 A method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network comprises the following steps:

[0160] 1) Establish a transportation network within the planning area.

[0161] The transportation network within the planning area includes L1 bus or L2 hydrogen logistics vehicle operation routes. The starting point of each operation route is denoted as TS l , the end point is recorded as TE l The number of hydrogen buses and hydrogen logistics vehicles on each route is recorded as NV 1,l , NV 2,l .

[0162] There are l parking lots in the planning area. Among them, the lth parking lot is located at the traffic node TP l The number of hydrogen fuel vehicles in each parking lot is denoted as NV 3,l .

[0163] The average daily hydrogen demand of buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles and cars in scenario r is recorded as D 1,r , D 2,r and D 3,r The probability curves of hydrogen refueling time for buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles and cars in scenario r are respectively denoted as p B,t , p T,t and p C,t . t=1,2,...T.

[0164] 2) Calculate the hydrogen energy demand at the locations to be planned in the transportation network.

[0165] The hydrogen energy demand at the locations to be planned is as follows:

[0166] SD rit =p t D type,r AD i (1)

[0167] Where p t is the probability of hydrogenation at time t. SD rit AD is the hydrogen energy demand at the planned location i at time t under scenario r; i is the daily hydrogen refueling demand of hydrogen refueling station i.

[0168] Among them, the daily hydrogenation demand AD of hydrogenation station i is i As shown below:

[0169]

[0170] Where ps type,li DN is the spatial reduction coefficient, i.e., the probability of a bus or hydrogen logistics vehicle in route l refueling at the planned location i or the probability of the lth parking lot refueling at the planned location i. type,li The effective distance calculated for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle type type. type = 1, 2, and 3 represent hydrogen buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles, and hydrogen cars, respectively.

[0171] spatial conversion coefficient ps type,li As shown below:

[0172]

[0173] effective conversion distance DN of hydrogen fuel vehicle type type type,li As shown below:

[0174]

[0175] In the formula, S is is a binary variable configured for hydrogen storage tank capacity. S is = 1 indicates that the i-th planned location is configured with the s-th hydrogen storage tank, S is = 0 indicates that the i-th planned location is not configured with the s-th hydrogen storage tank. i∈Ω S ,s∈Ω HS . is the shortest driving distance from the i-th location in the traffic network to the TE l , TS l , and TP l ; d i,j is the shortest driving distance from the i-th location to the j-th location in the traffic network. d i,i = 0. i,j∈Ω TN .Ω TN is the set of traffic nodes of the planned area.

[0176] 3) Establish a double-layer coordinated planning model of the distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system and the power distribution network.

[0177] The double-layer coordinated planning model includes an upper-layer planning model and a lower-layer planning model.

[0178] The objective function of the upper-layer planning model is as shown below:

[0179] max F1=CO-f A (SC+TC-AS)-f A PGC (5)

[0180] In the formula, F1 represents the objective function of the upper-layer planning. CO is the annual total operation benefit of the electric-hydrogen system. SC is the equipment investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station. TC is the operation cost of the hydrogen supply system transportation link. AS is the construction subsidy of the hydrogen refueling station. PGC is the equipment investment cost of the distributed power source DG of the power distribution network. f A is the annual equivalent coefficient.

[0181] Among them, the equipment investment cost SC of the hydrogen refueling station is as shown below:

[0182]

[0183] In the formula, ΩHS ,Ω HP ,Ω HE ,Ω PV ,Ω WD They are respectively a set of optional hydrogen storage tanks, compressors, electrolytic cells, distributed photovoltaic power generation equipment, and distributed wind power generation equipment types; Ω HD For configurable hydrogenation gun assembly; Ω S A collection of locations for hydrogen refueling stations to be planned; hsc s is the investment cost of the sth type of hydrogen storage tank; hec e is the investment cost of the electrolytic cell of type e; hvc v hwc is the investment cost of the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; w is the investment cost of the w-th type of wind power generation equipment; hdc is the investment cost of a hydrogen refueling machine; S is Configure binary variables for hydrogen tank capacity; E ie Indicates that the planned location i is configured with the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment; e∈Ω HE ; V iv =1 means that the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment is configured at the planned location i, V iv =0 means that the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment is not configured at the planned location i; W iw =1 means that the w-th type of wind power generation equipment is configured at the planned location i, W iw =0 means that the wth type of wind power generation equipment is not configured at the planned location i; cm =1 indicates the c-th tube trailer with configuration type m, I cm =0 means no tube trailer is configured; D id =1 means that the dth hydrogenation machine is configured at the planned location i, D id =0 means that the dth hydrogenation machine is not configured at the planned location i; X jv =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, X jv =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment. jw =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, Y jw =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the wth type of wind power generation equipment.

[0184] Among them, the investment cost of hydrogen compressor HPC at the i-th location to be planned is i As shown below:

[0185]

[0186] Where, ω PA % is the investment cost coefficient of type A compressor. PB% is the investment cost coefficient of the B-type compressor. The A-type compressor refers to the compressor that compresses hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment to the hydrogen storage tank. The B-type compressor refers to the compressor that compresses hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen refueling station.

[0187] The equipment investment cost of the hydrogen transportation link is shown as follows:

[0188]

[0189] wherein Ω C and Ω M are the set of long tube trailers for transporting hydrogen and the set of types thereof, respectively. m is the equipment investment cost of the mth type of long tube trailer.

[0190] The hydrogen refueling station construction subsidy AS is shown as follows:

[0191]

[0192]

[0193] wherein FW i is the subsidy of the to-be-planned location i. is the capacity of the s th hydrogen storage tank at the to-be-planned location i. HS0 is the hydrogen storage capacity subsidy boundary specified in the subsidy policy. wh is the subsidy amount when the hydrogen refueling station capacity reaches the boundary. wl is the subsidy amount when the boundary is not reached.

[0194] The equipment investment cost of the power distribution network DG is shown as follows:

[0195]

[0196] wherein Ω G is the set of nodes of the power distribution network.

[0197] The constraint conditions of the upper-level planning model are shown in formulas (12)-(23), respectively.

[0198]

[0199]

[0200]

[0201]

[0202]

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207]

[0208] S is ,E ie ,I cm ,D id ∈{0,1} i∈Ω S ,s∈Ω HS ,e∈Ω HE ,c∈Ω C ,m∈Ω M ,d∈Ω D (22)

[0209] V iv ,W iw ,X iv ,Y iw ∈{0,1} i∈Ω S ,v∈Ω PV ,w∈Ω WD (23)

[0210] In the formula, hd rate is the rated hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenation machine; T is the number of sampling points in a day; Ω T is the set of sampling points in a day; M is a constant; ND max is the upper limit of the configuration of the hydrogenation machine; X jv = 1 indicates that the power distribution network node j is configured with the vth photovoltaic power generation device, X jv = 0 indicates that the power distribution network node j is not configured with the vth photovoltaic power generation device; Y jw = 1 indicates that the power distribution network node j is configured with the wth wind power generation device, Y jw = 0 indicates that the power distribution network node j is not configured with the wth wind power generation device; Ω B , Ω R , Ω D respectively represent the set of power distribution network nodes, the set of scenarios, and the set of hydrogenation machine quantities.

[0211] The objective function of the lower-level planning model is as follows:

[0212] max F2=CO=HO-AG=(GH-OT-OS-OE-HN)-AG (24)

[0213] max F2= max F1+ max F2, where max F2represents the maximum total annual operation benefit of the electro-hydrogen system. The annual operation benefit of the hydrogen supply system HO includes the annual hydrogen production benefit GH, the annual operation and maintenance cost of the transportation link OT, and the annual maintenance cost of the hydrogen refueling station equipment OS. The annual operation benefit of the distribution network PO includes the annual electricity sale benefit SP excluding the load of the hydrogen refueling station, the annual electricity purchase cost BE from the upper-level power grid, and the wind curtailment penalty AG. HOS rit rit rit rit HWPand PWPrespectively represent the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production equipment, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation equipment, and the output power of the wind power generation equipment of the to-be-planned location i at the tth moment under the rth scenario.HWP rgt rgt PVPrespectively represent the output power of the photovoltaic power generation equipment and the output power of the wind power generation equipment at the tth moment at the gth node of the distribution network under the rth scenario. The long tube trailer operation variables include the space-time transfer state variable and the working state variable B rct , represent that the cth long tube trailer transfers from the ith node to the jth node at the tth moment under the rth scenario, and vice versa, represent self-transfer, that is, remaining at the location at the previous moment.B rct B=1 represents that the cth long tube trailer is in the working state at the tth moment under the rth scenario, and vice versa. and represent the voltage phase angle and the amplitude of the gth node of the distribution network at the tth moment under the rth scenario.i,j∈Ω S . ED rit is the hydrogen supply amount, representing the hydrogen supply strategy of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0214] wherein the hydrogen production benefit GH is as follows:

[0215]

[0216] wherein γ ph % is the conversion coefficient of the hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production equipment to the hydrogen production amount. is the number of days of the scenario r in a year.ρ H,r is the hydrogen energy sales price under the scenario r.

[0217] The annual operation and maintenance cost of the transportation link OT is as follows:

[0218]

[0219] wherein w OB,T % is the maintenance cost coefficient of the transportation equipment, c t and c w are respectively the fuel cost per unit driving distance and the driver labor cost per unit time.​​​​ij is the shortest travel distance from location i to j in the transportation network. ii =0.

[0220] The annual maintenance cost OS of hydrogen refueling station equipment is as follows:

[0221] OS=ω OB,S %SC (27)

[0222] Where w OB,S % is the maintenance cost coefficient of transportation equipment.

[0223] The annual electricity purchase cost OE of the hydrogen supply network is as follows:

[0224]

[0225] Where, when OE>0, ρ E,rt is the electricity purchase price of the hydrogen refueling station from the distribution network at time t under scenario r. When OE<0, ρ E,rt is the electricity price sold by the hydrogen refueling station to the distribution network at time t under scenario r. OE>0 indicates purchasing electricity from the distribution network, and OE<0 indicates selling electricity to the distribution network.

[0226] The total electric power PS of hydrogen station i interacting with the distribution network at time t in the rth scenario rit As shown below:

[0227]

[0228] Where λ P,A %,λ P,B % is the proportional coefficient.

[0229] The hydrogen shortage penalty HN at a hydrogen refueling station is as follows:

[0230]

[0231] Where, v up 、v dn is the average rate of loading and unloading hydrogen to the tube trailer. Δt is the sampling interval. rit SD is the amount of hydrogen supplied. rit is the actual hydrogen demand. N,rt is the hydrogen shortage penalty coefficient of the hydrogen refueling station at time t under scenario r.

[0232] The wind curtailment penalty cost AG is as follows:

[0233]

[0234] Where, ρ W is the cost of wind power generation, ρ V is the cost of photovoltaic power generation; PWPrit is the wind turbine output power PVP at time t at the planned location i under the rth scenario rgt is the output power of the wind turbine at the node g in the distribution network at time t in the rth scenario; is the weight coefficient; X gv =1 means that the distribution network node g is equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, X gv =0 means that the distribution network node g is not equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; Y gw =1 means that the distribution network node g is equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, Y gw =0 means that the distribution network node g is not equipped with the wth type of wind power generation equipment.

[0235] The constraints of the lower-level planning model include hydrogen production equipment operation constraints, hydrogen supply sufficiency constraints of hydrogen refueling stations, hydrogen supply capacity constraints, long-tube trailer hydrogen balance constraints, upper and lower limit constraints of hydrogen storage tanks and long-tube trailers, distributed power generation output constraints, long-tube trailer transfer constraints, and distribution network flow constraints and state constraints.

[0236] The operating constraints of hydrogen production equipment are shown in formulas (32)-(35):

[0237]

[0238]

[0239]

[0240]

[0241] Where, Rated capacity of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment. hoe % is the ratio of the initial value of the hydrogen production equipment output to the rated power. p,e % is the ramp rate of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment. T is the period.

[0242] The hydrogen supply adequacy constraints of hydrogen refueling stations are as follows:

[0243]

[0244] In the formula, ED rit SD is the actual effective hydrogen supply. rit is the actual hydrogen demand. rit >0 indicates the actual amount of hydrogen supplied. rit <0 indicates the amount of hydrogen in short supply. i∈Ω S ,r∈Ω R ,t∈[1,T].

[0245] The hydrogen supply capacity constraints are as follows:

[0246]

[0247] The hydrogen balance constraints for the tube trailer are as follows:

[0248]

[0249] Where, parameter c∈Ω C .

[0250] The upper and lower limits of hydrogen in hydrogen storage tanks and tube trailers are as follows:

[0251]

[0252]

[0253]

[0254]

[0255] Where, is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the sth hydrogen storage tank. is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the m-th tube trailer. hos %, α hot % are the ratios of the initial hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and the tube trailer to the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the tube trailer. β% is the hydrogen extraction rate.

[0256] The output constraints of distributed generation are shown in formulas (43)-(46):

[0257]

[0258]

[0259]

[0260]

[0261] in, and are the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the s, e, v and w types of hydrogen storage tanks, the rated capacity of hydrogen production equipment, photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment respectively; cw t are the constraint coefficients of photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment respectively;

[0262] The transfer constraints of the long tube trailer are shown in formulas (47)-(56):

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266]

[0267]

[0268]

[0269]

[0270] B rct =B rc0 c∈Ω C ,r∈Ω R ,t∈Ω T (54)

[0271]

[0272] Δt ij =RD[d ij / v c ] i,j∈Ω S (56)

[0273] In the formula, RD[] is the rounding function. rc0 is the initial position of the c-th tube trailer in the r-th scenario. is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the mth type of long tube trailer. N SC,max Indicates the upper limit of the number of long-tube trailers in the same hydrogen refueling station. rc0 is the value of the initial working state variable. ij is the minimum transfer time from location i to j to be planned. c is the average speed of the tube trailer. rct is the working state variable; Ω represents the set.

[0274] The distribution network flow constraint state constraints include the electric load constraints of the hydrogen station grid-connected nodes, the distribution network power balance constraints, and the distribution network voltage amplitude and current amplitude constraints.

[0275] The electrical load constraints of the hydrogen station grid-connected node are as follows:

[0276]

[0277]

[0278] Where, L S×NBis the grid-connected location matrix of the planned location, and S is the number of planned locations. L(i,g) = 1 means that the planned location i is connected to the grid at the distribution network node g, otherwise, L(i,g) = 1 means that the planned location i is not connected to the grid at the distribution network node g. Matrix L S×NB The sum of each row is 1. Ω G is the set of distribution network nodes. and They are the power load and total power load of the distribution network node g outside the hydrogen station at time t in the rth scenario. rit For load.

[0279] The power balance constraints of the distribution network are as follows:

[0280]

[0281] Where, P rt , Q rt ,δ' rt and V' rt They represent the active injection power from the second node to the NBth node in the first column of the network matrix. The column vector, reactive injection power Column vector, voltage phase angle Column vector and voltage magnitude Column vector. g∈Ω G . and is the column vector consisting of the second node to the NBth element in the first column of the network matrix B1 and the network matrix B2. δ1 and V1 are the voltage phase angle vector and voltage amplitude vector; B1(i,j) and B1(i,i) are the elements of the network matrix B1; B2(i,j) and B2(i,i) are the elements of the network matrix B2;

[0282] The network matrices B1 and B2 are shown below:

[0283]

[0284] Where r ij 、x ij are the resistance and reactance of the branch between node i and node j.

[0285] The voltage and current amplitude constraints of the distribution network are as follows:

[0286] I' min ≤I'≤I' max (61)

[0287] V' min ≤V'≤V' max (62)

[0288] Among them, V' min and V' max are the lower and upper limit vectors of the node voltage V'; I' max and I' min are the upper and lower limits of the node current I' respectively.

[0289] 4) Solve the two-layer coordinated planning model and obtain the coordinated planning scheme of distributed power supply and distributed two-layer hydrogen supply system.

[0290] The steps to solve the two-level coordination planning model include:

[0291] 4.1) Encode the variables of the upper-level planning model.

[0292] 4.2) Set the parameters of the genetic algorithm, the maximum number of iterations is N, the population size is NP, the optimal fitness is f = -∞, the number of iterations is r = 1, and initialize the variables of the upper-level planning model.

[0293] 4.3) Calculate the fitness of each individual in the population. The fitness shown is the objective function of the upper-level planning model.

[0294] The steps to calculate the fitness of each individual in the population include:

[0295] 4.3.1) Calculate the equipment investment cost SC of the hydrogen refueling station, the equipment investment cost TC of the hydrogen transportation link, the hydrogen refueling station construction subsidy AS, and the equipment investment cost PGC of the distribution network DG.

[0296] 4.3.2) Calculate the objective function of the lower-level planning model. The steps include:

[0297] 4.3.2.1) Assign each individual to the value of the upper-level variable.

[0298] 4.3.2.2) Initial lower-level planning model variables.

[0299] 4.3.2.3) Input the objective function and constraints of the lower-level planning model into CPLEX.

[0300] 4.3.2.4) Obtain the optimal solution for the variables of the lower-level planning model and the optimal annual total operating benefits of the electricity-hydrogen system.

[0301] 4.3.3) Calculate the fitness of each individual.

[0302] 4.4) Record the optimal fitness F in the current generation population r and the corresponding individual. If F r >f, then f=F r , and record the corresponding individual, otherwise proceed to step 4.5).

[0303] 4.5) If r>N, end and output; otherwise, set r=r+1 and execute step 4.6).

[0304] 4.6) Execute the selection operator according to the rotating disk rule.

[0305] 4.7) Execute the crossover operator.

[0306] 4.8) Execute the mutation operator and return to step 4.3).

[0307] Example 2:

[0308] See also Figures 1 to 5 A method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network comprises the following steps:

[0309] 1) Calculate the shortest distance matrix D between each node based on the traffic network structure S×S =(d ij ), calculate the hydrogen energy demand of the selected location through space and time based on the Huff model; the main steps are as follows:

[0310] 1.1) Statistical load data.

[0311] Assume that the type variables of hydrogen buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles, and hydrogen cars are type = 1, 2, and 3 respectively. There are L1 bus or L2 hydrogen logistics vehicle operation routes in the planning area, and the starting point of each operation route is TS l , the end point is TE l , the number of buses and hydrogen logistics vehicles on each route is NV 1,l , NV 2,l There is a parking lot in the planning area, located at the traffic node TP l The number of hydrogen fuel vehicles in each parking lot is NV 3,l The average daily hydrogen demand under scenario r for buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles, and cars is D 1,r , D 2,r and D 3,r , hydrogenation time probability curve (the probability of hydrogenation at time t is pt type,t ) are p B,t , p T,t and p C,t (t=1,2,...T). The actual demand of each hydrogen refueling station is simulated through time and space reduction.

[0312] 1.2) Spatial calculation of hydrogen energy demand.

[0313] Based on the Huff model, the probability of a user choosing a store is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the product. is (i∈Ω S ,s∈ΩHS ) is a binary variable configured for the hydrogen storage tank capacity, S is =1 means that the planned location i is equipped with the sth type of hydrogen storage tank, otherwise it is not equipped. The location where the hydrogen storage tank is equipped means that a hydrogen refueling station is built. i,j (i,j∈Ω TN ) is the shortest driving distance from location i to j in the traffic network, and d i,i =0(i∈Ω TN ),Ω TN It is the set of transportation nodes in the planning area.

[0314]

[0315] Among them, ps type,li is the spatial reduction coefficient, i.e., the probability of a bus or hydrogen logistics vehicle on route l refueling from the parking lot of the lth community to the planned location i. type,li is the effective calculated distance of hydrogen fuel vehicle type type. The calculation method is as follows:

[0316]

[0317] Among them, DN type,li is the effective calculated distance of hydrogen fuel vehicle type type. The calculation method is as follows:

[0318]

[0319] 1.3) Time calculation of hydrogen energy demand.

[0320] SD rit =p t D type,r AD i (4)

[0321] Among them, SD rit It is the actual demand of the planned location i at time t in scenario r after reduction.

[0322] 2) Establish a two-layer coordinated planning model for the distributed two-layer hydrogen supply system and the distribution network; the main steps are as follows:

[0323] 2.1) Establishing the upper model

[0324] 2.1.1) Objective function of the upper model

[0325] The upper layer takes the maximization of the annual total benefit of the electricity-hydrogen system as the objective function, and establishes the lower layer model with the location and capacity of the long-tube trailer in the double-layer hydrogen supply system, the location of the hydrogen refueling sub-station and main station, and the capacity of their hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen production equipment as variables.

[0326] max F1=CO-f A(SC+TC-AS)-f A PGC (5)

[0327] Among them, F1 represents the objective function of the upper-level planning, AH represents the annual total benefit of the hydrogen supply system, and AP represents the annual total benefit of the distribution network. HO is the annual operating income of the hydrogen supply system, SC is the equipment investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station, TC is the operating cost of the transportation link of the hydrogen supply system, and AS is the subsidy for the construction of the hydrogen refueling station. PO is the annual operating income of the distribution network, PGC is the equipment investment cost of the distributed power generation (DG) of the distribution network, and f A is the annual equivalent coefficient. HO and PO are passed from the lower model.

[0328] Let S is (i∈Ω S ,s∈Ω HS ) is a binary variable configured for the hydrogen storage tank capacity, S is =1 means that the sth type of hydrogen storage tank is configured at the planned location i, otherwise it is not configured. is (i∈Ω S ,e∈Ω HE ) indicates that the sth type of hydrogen production equipment is to be configured at the planned location i. V is =1 means that the sth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment is configured at the planned location i, otherwise it is not configured. is =1 means that the planned location i is to be equipped with the sth type of wind power generation equipment, otherwise it is not equipped. cm =1 means that the c-th tube trailer is configured as type m, otherwise it is not configured. id =1 means that the dth hydrogenation machine is configured at the planned location i, otherwise it is not configured. jv =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the v-th type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, otherwise it is not equipped. jw =1 means that the w-th type of wind power generation equipment is configured at the distribution network node j, otherwise it is not configured. The upper-level variables are all binary variables.

[0329] 2.1.1.1) Equipment investment cost of hydrogen refueling station SC

[0330] The investment cost of hydrogen refueling station equipment includes: hydrogen storage tanks, compressors, electrolytic cells, photovoltaic power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, and hydrogen refueling machines.

[0331]

[0332] Among them, Ω HS ,Ω HP ,Ω HE ,Ω PV ,Ω WD They are respectively a set of optional hydrogen storage tanks, compressors, electrolytic cells, distributed photovoltaic power generation equipment, and distributed wind power generation equipment types, Ω HDFor configurable hydrogenation gun assembly. S A collection of hydrogen refueling station locations to be planned. s is the investment cost of the sth type of hydrogen storage tank, hec e is the investment cost of the electrolytic cell of type e, hvc v is the investment cost of the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, hvc v is the investment cost of the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, hwc v is the investment cost of the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, and hdc is the investment cost of a hydrogen refueling machine.

[0333] HPC i is the investment cost of the hydrogen compressor at the i-th planned location, which is divided into type A and type B. Type A compressor compresses hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment into the hydrogen storage tank. Its capacity is mainly based on the configuration of the capacity of the hydrogen production equipment, so its investment cost is calculated according to the investment cost of the hydrogen production equipment w. PA %. Type B compressor compresses hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen refueling machine. Its capacity is mainly based on the configuration of the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. Therefore, its investment cost is calculated based on the investment cost of the hydrogen storage tank equipment. PB %calculate.

[0334]

[0335] 2.1.1.2) Equipment investment cost for hydrogen transportation TC

[0336]

[0337] Among them, Ω C and Ω M These are the long tube trailers used to transport hydrogen and their types. m is the equipment investment cost of the mth type of tube trailer.

[0338] 2.1.1.3) Hydrogen station construction subsidy AS

[0339]

[0340]

[0341] Among them, FW i is the subsidy for location i to be planned. is the capacity of the sth type of hydrogen storage tank at the planned location i, HS0 is the hydrogen storage capacity subsidy boundary specified by the subsidy policy, wh is the subsidy amount after the hydrogen refueling station capacity reaches the boundary, and wl is the subsidy amount before the boundary is reached.

[0342] 2.1.1.4) Distribution network DG equipment investment cost PGC

[0343]

[0344] Among them, Ω G is the node set of the distribution network.

[0345] 2.1.2) Constraints of the upper model

[0346] 2.1.2.1) Logical constraints on hydrogen refueling station types

[0347] The following formula indicates that the type of hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen production equipment, photovoltaic power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, and each long tube trailer at each hydrogen refueling station to be planned is unique.

[0348]

[0349]

[0350] The following formula indicates that the location where hydrogen storage equipment is not configured, and no hydrogen production equipment, photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment are configured.

[0351]

[0352] The following formula indicates that a hydrogen refueling station must be located at a location where a hydrogen refueling station is installed. A hydrogen refueling station is not located at a location where a hydrogen storage device is not installed.

[0353]

[0354]

[0355] The following formula shows that the configuration of the hydrogen refueling machine must meet the total daily hydrogen refueling demand.

[0356]

[0357] Among them, hd rate is the rated hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenator (kg / h), T is the number of sampling points per day, Ω T It is a collection of sampling points within a day.

[0358] The following formula indicates that the configuration of the hydrogenation machine is not greater than the upper limit ND max , usually set to 4.

[0359]

[0360] The following formula indicates that there is at least one hydrogen refueling station in the planning area.

[0361]

[0362] The following formula indicates that there is at least one mother station in the planning area.

[0363]

[0364] The following formula indicates that only a mother station is configured in the planning area and no long tube trailer is configured.

[0365]

[0366] Wherein, M is a sufficiently large number.

[0367] 2.1.2.2) Variable type constraints

[0368] S is ,E ie ,I cm ,D id ∈{0,1} i∈Ω S , s∈Ω HS ,e∈Ω HE ,c∈Ω C ,m∈Ω M ,d∈Ω D (twenty two)

[0369] V iv ,W iw ,X iv ,Y iw ∈{0,1} i∈Ω S ,v∈Ω PV ,w∈Ω WD (twenty three)

[0370] 2.2) Establish the lower layer model

[0371] 2.2.1) Objective function of the lower model

[0372] The goal of the lower-level electricity-hydrogen system is to maximize the annual total operating benefit. The operating strategies of the long-tube trailer, hydrogen refueling substation, and mother station, and the absorption power, node voltage amplitude, and node voltage phase angle of the distribution network DG are used as variables. The lower-level variables are all random variables.

[0373] Set up HOS rit , HOE rit 、HVP rit and PWP rit They are the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank, the power of the hydrogen production equipment, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation equipment, and the output power of the wind power generation equipment at the planned location i in the rth scenario at time t. rgt and PVP rgt are the output power of photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment at distribution network node g at time t in the rth scenario. The tube trailer operation variables include the time-space transfer state variables and working state variable B rct , Indicates that the c-th long tube trailer is transferred from node i to node j at time t in the r-th scenario, and does not transfer otherwise. Indicates self-transfer, that is, maintaining the position at the previous moment. B rct =1 means that the c-th tube trailer is in working state at time t in the r-th scenario, otherwise it is in resting state. are the voltage phase angle and amplitude of the distribution network node g at time t in the rth scenario. rit is the hydrogen supply amount, which represents the hydrogen supply strategy of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0374] max F2=CO=HO-AG=(GH-OT-OS-OE-HN)-AG (24)

[0375] The annual operating revenue (HO) of the hydrogen supply system comprises the annual hydrogen production revenue (GH), the annual operation and maintenance costs (OT) of the transportation link, and the annual maintenance costs (OS) of the hydrogen refueling station equipment. The annual operating revenue (PO) of the distribution network comprises the annual electricity sales revenue (SP) excluding the hydrogen refueling station load, the annual electricity purchase fee (BE) from the upper-level power grid, and the wind curtailment penalty (AG).

[0376] 2.2.1.1) Hydrogen production revenue GH

[0377]

[0378] Among them, γ ph % is the conversion coefficient of hydrogen production equipment power to hydrogen output (kg / kw), is the total annual hydrogen production, is the number of days in scenario r in a year. H,r is the hydrogen sales price under scenario r.

[0379] 2.2.1.2) Annual operation and maintenance costs (OT) of the transportation link

[0380]

[0381] Among them, w OB,T % is the maintenance cost coefficient of transportation equipment, c t (yuan / km) and c w (Yuan / h) are the fuel cost per unit distance and the driver’s salary per unit time. ij (i,j∈Ω S ) is the shortest driving distance from location i to j in the transportation network, and d ii =0(i∈Ω S ).

[0382] 2.2.1.3) Annual maintenance cost of hydrogen refueling station equipment OS

[0383] OS=ω OB,S %SC (27)

[0384] Among them, w OB,S % is the maintenance cost coefficient of transportation equipment.

[0385] 2.2.1.4) Annual electricity purchase cost of hydrogen supply network OE

[0386]

[0387] Among them, ρ E,rt is the price of electricity purchased or sold from the distribution network at time t in scenario r. OE>0 indicates purchasing electricity from the distribution network, and OE<0 indicates selling electricity to the distribution network.

[0388] PS rit is the total electric power of hydrogen station i interacting with the distribution network at time t in the rth scenario, mainly considering the DG output, hydrogen production equipment power and type A compressor power:

[0389]

[0390] Among them, the third item is the electric power of the hydrogen production equipment of the hydrogen refueling station and the electric power of the type A compressor. It is proportional to the electric power of the hydrogen production equipment, and the proportional coefficient is λ P,A %.

[0391] 2.2.1.5) Hydrogen shortage penalty HN at hydrogen refueling station

[0392]

[0393] Among them, v up 、v dn is the average rate of loading and unloading hydrogen to the tube trailer. Δt is the sampling interval. rit SD is the amount of hydrogen supplied. rit is the actual hydrogen demand. N,rt is the hydrogen shortage penalty coefficient of the hydrogen refueling station at time t under scenario r.

[0394] 2.2.1.6) Wind Curtailment Penalty Cost AG

[0395]

[0396] Among them, ρ W is the cost of wind power generation, ρ V The cost of photovoltaic power generation.

[0397] 2.2.2) Constraints of the Lower-Level Model

[0398] 2.2.2.1) Operational constraints of hydrogen production equipment

[0399]

[0400]

[0401]

[0402]

[0403] in, Rated capacity of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment. hoe % is the ratio of the initial value of the hydrogen production equipment output to the rated power. p,e % is the ramp rate of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment.

[0404] 2.2.2.2) Constraints on hydrogen supply adequacy at hydrogen refueling stations

[0405] The following formula is the hydrogen balance constraint of the hydrogen storage tank: S ,r∈Ω R ,t∈[1,T]

[0406]

[0407] Among them, v up 、v dn is the average rate of loading and unloading hydrogen to the tube trailer. Δt is the sampling interval. rit SD is the actual effective hydrogen supply. rit is the actual hydrogen demand. rit >0 indicates the actual amount of hydrogen supplied, ED rit <0 indicates a shortage of hydrogen.

[0408] 2.2.2.3) Hydrogen supply capacity constraints

[0409]

[0410] 2.2.2.4) Hydrogen balance constraints for tube trailers

[0411] The following equation is the hydrogen balance constraint for the tube trailer: C ,r∈Ω R ,t∈[1,T]

[0412]

[0413] The following formula is the upper and lower limit constraints of hydrogen in hydrogen storage tanks and long tube trailers:

[0414]

[0415]

[0416]

[0417]

[0418] wherein, is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the s-th hydrogen storage tank, is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the m-th long tube trailer. hos %, α hot % are the initial values of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and the long tube trailer, respectively, as a percentage of the rated long tube trailer. β% is the hydrogen extraction rate of hydrogen.

[0419] 2.2.2.5) Distributed power output constraints

[0420]

[0421]

[0422]

[0423]

[0424] wherein, and are the rated hydrogen storage capacities of the s-th, e-th, v-th and w-th hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen production device, photovoltaic power generation device and wind power generation device, respectively.

[0425] 2.2.2.5) Long tube trailer transfer constraints

[0426] The following formula represents that when the long tube trailer is not configured, the working state variables are all 0, and the transfer is self-transfer.

[0427]

[0428]

[0429] wherein, s rc0 is the initial position of the c-th long tube trailer in the r-th scenario.

[0430] The following formula represents that the transfer state of the long tube trailer is unique.

[0431]

[0432] wherein, is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the m-th long tube trailer.

[0433] The following formula represents that the transfer state of the long tube trailer is continuous or the same, i.e., the starting point of the next time is the end point of the last time or the next time still maintains the transfer state of the last time.

[0434]

[0435] The following formula represents the long tube trailer in the resting state remaining in the original position, i.e. only self-transfer.

[0436]

[0437] The following formula represents the number of long tube trailers in the hydrogenation and unloading state at the mother station at the same time does not exceed the maximum value (the number of fixed parking spaces N SC,max ).

[0438]

[0439] The following formula is the initial position and initial working state constraint of the long tube trailer running simulation.

[0440]

[0441] B rct = B rc0 c∈Ω C ,r∈Ω R ,t∈Ω T (54)

[0442] Where B rc0 is the value of the initial working state variable.

[0443] The following formula is the driving time and stay time sufficiency constraint, which represents that the mutual transfer state is maintained for a period of time after mutual transfer occurs, and at least stays for 1 unit of sampling time at the end point.

[0444]

[0445] Where Δt ij is the minimum transfer time from the planning position i to j, and the average driving speed of the long tube trailer is v c , which is obtained by the following formula:

[0446] Δt ij = RD[d ij / v c ] i,j∈Ω S (56)

[0447] Where RD[] is the upward rounding function.

[0448] 2.2.2.6) Power distribution network power flow constraint state constraint

[0449] The electrical load of the hydrogenation station grid-connected node is:

[0450]

[0451]

[0452] Where LS×NB is the grid-connected location matrix of the planned location, and S is the number of planned locations. L(i,g)=1 means that the planned location i is connected to the grid at the distribution network node g, otherwise, it is not connected to the grid. S×NB The sum of each row is 1. Ω G is the set of distribution network nodes. and They are respectively the power load and total power load outside the hydrogen refueling station at distribution network node g at time t in the rth scenario.

[0453] The AC power flow model of the distribution network adopts the branch voltage phase angle difference δ ij ≈0, node voltage amplitude |V ij The linearized model of the distribution network is constructed with the assumption that |≈1.pu and the network loss of the distribution network is ignored. The power balance constraint of the distribution network is:

[0454]

[0455] Among them, P rt , Q rt ,δ' rt and V' rt are the active injection power from the 2nd node to the NBth node respectively The column vector, reactive injection power Column vector, voltage phase angle Column vector and voltage magnitude Column vector. and is the column vector consisting of the 2nd node to the NBth element in the first column of the network matrices B1 and B2. The calculation method of the network matrices B1 and B2 is as follows:

[0456]

[0457] Among them, r ij 、x ij are the resistance and reactance of the branch between node i and node j.

[0458] The following formula is the voltage amplitude and current amplitude constraints of the distribution network:

[0459] V' min ≤V'≤V' max (61)

[0460] V' min ≤V'≤V' max (62)

[0461] Among them, V' min and V' max are the lower and upper limit vectors of the node voltage respectively.

[0462] 3) Based on the intelligent algorithm and Cplex, a double-layer planning model is solved to obtain a distributed power supply and a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system coordination planning scheme. The main steps are as follows:

[0463] 3.1) Encode the upper layer variables. One value of all variables in the upper layer is a solution, and binary encoding is used as a individual of genetic algorithm.

[0464] 3.2) Set the parameters of genetic algorithm, the maximum iteration number is N, the population size is NP, the optimal fitness is f=-∞, the iteration number r=1, and the variables of the upper layer planning model are initialized;

[0465] 3.3) Calculate the fitness of each individual in the population. The fitness is defined as the upper layer objective function. The main steps are as follows:

[0466] 3.3.1) Calculate SC, TC, AS and PGC;

[0467] 3.3.2) Call cplex to calculate CO; 3.3.2.1) correspond each individual to the value of the upper layer variable; 3.3.2.2)

[0468] Initialize the lower layer variable; 3.3.2.3) input the objective function and constraints of the lower layer planning model; 3.3.2.4) obtain the optimal solution of the lower layer planning variable and the optimal CO value.

[0469] 3.3.3) Calculate the fitness of each individual;

[0470] 3.4) Record the optimal fitness F r and the corresponding individual in the current generation population. If F r >f, then f=F r , and record the corresponding individual. Otherwise, execute the next step.

[0471] 3.5) If r>N, end and output, otherwise, r=r+1; continue the next step.

[0472] 3.6) Execute the selection operator according to the roulette rule.

[0473] 3.7) Execute the crossover operator.

[0474] Example 3:

[0475] In the present application, IEEE 33-node power distribution system and 25-node traffic system are selected as example analysis, and the network topology diagram is shown as Figure 3 . Four typical scenes of spring, summer, autumn and winter are selected, i.e. r=1, 2, 3 and 4. The running state simulation interval time is 1h, and the hydrogen prices in each season are 50 yuan / kg, 40 yuan / kg, 50 yuan / kg and 60 yuan / kg respectively. γph % = 0.017 kg / kw, and the rest of the economic and operating parameters are shown in Table 1. The number of iterations of the genetic algorithm is 120, the crossover probability is 0.8, the mutation probability is 0.1, and the population size is 100. The time for solving the operation layer is about 80 min, and the total solving time is about 7 h. 25 traffic nodes are selected as the positions to be planned, and the following three examples are set to compare and analyze the implementation effect of the coordinated planning method of the distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system and the power distribution network.

[0476] Example 1: The coordinated planning method of the distributed double-layer hydrogen supply system and the power distribution network is adopted.

[0477] Example 2: The power distribution network DG and the hydrogen supply system are planned respectively.

[0478] Example 3: The DG is planned first, and then the hydrogen supply system is planned according to the planning result of the DG.

[0479] Table 1

[0480]

[0481]

[0482] Table 2 is the equipment selection parameters and operation related parameters,

[0483]

[0484] Tables 1-2 are the planning results of the hydrogenation station, long pipe trailer and power distribution network DG of Example 1, and Tables 3-5 are the cost and benefit comparison of Examples 1-3. From the planning results of the examples, the site selection positions of the child station and the parent station are basically at the operation starting point, the operation ending point or the parking point of the hydrogen energy automobile, which is because the operation starting point, the operation ending point or the parking point is beneficial to reduce the transportation cost. The number of hydrogen dispensers is not more than 2, which is because the power distribution network node 1 is provided with a DG, and the traffic node 5 which is relatively close is provided with a power-taking type parent station, which cooperate with each other in the operation process, so that the surplus DG output is used for preparing hydrogen, thereby effectively reducing the wind curtailment penalty of Example 1 compared with Examples 2 and 3. Influenced by the wind curtailment penalty, the DG configuration capacity of the power distribution network when planned alone (Examples 2 and 3) is smaller than that of Example 1, which is 500kw, 500kw and 2300kw respectively, that is, the DG configuration capacity of the power distribution network is significantly improved after coordinated planning. Therefore, the influence on the hydrogen supply system after coordinated planning is that the electrical distance between the power-taking type parent station and the power distribution network DG is small, and the influence on the power distribution network is that the configuration capacity and the consumption capacity of the power distribution network DG are improved.

[0485] Table 3

[0486]

[0487] Table 4

[0488]

[0489]

[0490] Table 5

[0491]

[0492] Table 6

[0493]

[0494] Table 7

[0495]

[0496]

[0497] Table 8

[0498]

[0499] Table 9

[0500]

[0501] (Unit: ten thousand yuan)

[0502] Table 10

[0503]

[0504] Table 11

[0505]

Claims

1. A method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Establish a transportation network within the planning area; 2) Calculate the hydrogen demand at the locations to be planned in the transportation network; 3) Establish a two-layer coordinated planning model for the distributed two-layer hydrogen supply system and the distribution network; 4) Solve the two-layer coordinated planning model to obtain the coordinated planning scheme of the distributed power supply and the distributed two-layer hydrogen supply system; The transportation network within the planning area includes L1 bus or L2 hydrogen logistics vehicle operation routes; the starting point of each operation route is denoted as TS l , the end point is recorded as TE l ; The number of hydrogen buses and hydrogen logistics vehicles on each route is recorded as NV 1,l , NV 2,l ; There is l parking lot in the planning area; Among them, the lth parking lot is located at the traffic node TP l The number of hydrogen fuel vehicles in each parking lot is denoted as NV 3,l ; The average daily hydrogen demand of buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles and cars in scenario r is recorded as D 1,r , D 2,r and D 3,r The probability curves of hydrogen refueling time for buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles and cars in scenario r are respectively recorded as p B,t , p T,t and p C,t ; t=1,2,...T; The hydrogen energy demand at the locations to be planned is as follows: SD rit =p t D type,r AD i (1) Where p t is the probability of hydrogenation at time t; SD rit AD is the hydrogen energy demand at the planned location i at time t under scenario r; i is the daily hydrogen refueling demand of hydrogen refueling station i; Among them, the daily hydrogenation demand AD of hydrogenation station i is i As shown below: Where ps type,li is the spatial reduction coefficient, i.e., the probability that a bus or hydrogen logistics vehicle on route l will refuel at the planned location i, or the probability that the lth parking lot will refuel at the planned location i; type = 1, 2, 3 represent hydrogen buses, hydrogen logistics vehicles, and hydrogen cars, respectively; Spatial reduction coefficient ps type,li As shown below: Effective calculated distance DN of hydrogen fuel vehicle type type,li As shown below: Where S is Configure binary variables for hydrogen tank capacity; S is =1 means that the planned location i is to be equipped with the sth type of hydrogen storage tank, S is =0 means that the planned location i is not equipped with the sth type of hydrogen storage tank; i∈Ω S ,s∈Ω HS ; is the distance from position i to TE in the transportation network l TS l TP l The shortest driving distance; d i,i =0;i,j∈Ω TN ;Ω TN is the set of traffic nodes in the planning area; Ω S This is a collection of locations for hydrogen refueling stations to be planned.

2. The method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The two-layer coordinated planning model includes an upper-layer planning model and a lower-layer planning model.

3. The method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The objective function of the upper-level planning model is as follows: maxF1=CO-f A (SC+TC-AS)-f A PGC (5) Where, F1 represents the objective function of the upper-level planning; CO is the annual total operating benefit of the electricity-hydrogen system; SC is the equipment investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station; TC is the operating cost of the transportation link of the hydrogen supply system; AS is the subsidy for the construction of the hydrogen refueling station; PGC is the equipment investment cost of the distributed power generation DG of the distribution network; f A is the annual equivalent coefficient; Among them, the equipment investment cost SC of the hydrogen refueling station is as follows: Where, Ω HS ,Ω HP ,Ω HE ,Ω PV ,Ω WD They are respectively a set of optional hydrogen storage tanks, compressors, electrolytic cells, distributed photovoltaic power generation equipment, and distributed wind power generation equipment types; Ω HD Configurable hydrogenation gun assembly; hsc s is the investment cost of the sth type of hydrogen storage tank; hec e is the investment cost of the electrolytic cell of type e; hvc v hwc is the investment cost of the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; w is the investment cost of the w-th type of wind power generation equipment; hdc is the investment cost of a hydrogen refueling machine; S is Configure binary variables for hydrogen tank capacity; E ie Indicates that the planned location i is configured with the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment; e∈Ω HE ; V iv =1 means that the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment is configured at the planned location i, V iv =0 means that the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment is not configured at the planned location i; W iw =1 means that the w-th type of wind power generation equipment is configured at the planned location i, W iw =0 means that the wth type of wind power generation equipment is not configured at the planned location i; cm =1 indicates the c-th tube trailer with configuration type m, I cm =0 means no tube trailer is configured; D id =1 means that the dth hydrogenation machine is configured at the planned location i, D id =0 means that the dth hydrogenation machine is not configured at the planned location i; Among them, the investment cost of hydrogen compressor HPC at the i-th location to be planned is i As shown below: Where, ω PA % is the investment cost coefficient of type A compressor; ω PB % is the investment cost coefficient of Type B compressor; Type A compressor refers to the compressor that compresses hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment into the hydrogen storage tank; Type B compressor refers to the compressor that compresses hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank into the hydrogen refueling machine; The equipment investment cost TC for hydrogen transportation is as follows: Where, Ω C and Ω M They are respectively a collection of long tube trailers used to transport hydrogen and a collection of their types; htc m I is the equipment investment cost of the mth type of tube trailer; cm =1 indicates the c-th tube trailer with configuration type m, I cm =0 means no tube trailer is configured; The hydrogen station construction subsidy AS is as follows: Where FW i is the subsidy for location i to be planned; is the capacity of the sth type of hydrogen storage tank at the planned location i; HS0 is the hydrogen storage capacity subsidy boundary specified by the subsidy policy; wh is the subsidy amount after the hydrogen station capacity reaches the boundary; wl is the subsidy amount before the boundary is reached; The investment cost PGC of distribution network DG equipment is as follows: Where, Ω G is the node set of the distribution network.

4. The method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The constraints of the upper-level planning model are shown in formulas (12)-(23) respectively; S is ,E ie ,I cm ,D id ∈{0,1}i∈Ω S ,s∈Ω HS ,e∈Ω HE ,c∈Ω C ,m∈Ω M ,d∈Ω D (22) V iv ,W iw ,X iv ,Y iw ∈{0,1}i∈Ω S ,v∈Ω PV ,w∈Ω WD (23) Where hd rate is the rated hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenator; T is the number of sampling points per day; Ω T is the set of sampling points within a day; M is a constant; ND max The upper limit of the configuration of the hydrogenation machine; X jv =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, X jv =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; Y jw =1 means that the distribution network node j is equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, Y jw =0 means that the distribution network node j is not equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment; Ω B ,Ω R ,Ω D They represent the distribution network node set, scenario set, and hydrogen refueling machine quantity set respectively.

5. The method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The objective function of the lower-level planning model is as follows: max F2=CO=HO-AG=(GH-OT-OS-OE-HN)-AG (24) Where max F2 represents the maximum annual total operating benefit of the electricity-hydrogen system; the annual operating income HO of the hydrogen supply system includes the annual hydrogen production income GH, the annual operation and maintenance cost OT of the transportation link, and the annual maintenance cost OS of the hydrogen station equipment; the annual operating income PO of the distribution network includes the annual electricity sales income SP excluding the hydrogen station load, the annual electricity purchase cost BE from the upper power grid, and the wind curtailment penalty AG; Among them, the hydrogen production income GH is as follows: Where, γ ph % is the conversion coefficient of hydrogen production power to hydrogen output of hydrogen production equipment; is the number of days of scenario r in a year; ρ H,r is the hydrogen energy sales price under scenario r; HOE rit is the power of hydrogen production equipment at time t at location i to be planned in the rth scenario The annual operation and maintenance costs (OT) for the transport link are as follows: Where w OB,T % is the maintenance cost coefficient of transportation equipment, c t and c w are the fuel cost per unit distance traveled and the driver’s labor cost per unit time; d ij is the shortest travel distance from location i to j in the transportation network; d ii =0; Indicates that the c-th long tube trailer is transferred from node i to node j at time t in the r-th scenario, and does not transfer otherwise. Indicates self-transfer, that is, maintaining the position at the previous moment; The annual maintenance cost OS of hydrogen refueling station equipment is as follows: OS=ω OB,S %SC (27) Where w OB,S % is the maintenance cost coefficient of transportation equipment; The annual electricity purchase cost OE of the hydrogen supply network is as follows: Where, when OE>0, ρ E,rt is the electricity purchase price of the hydrogen refueling station from the distribution network at time t under scenario r; when OE<0, ρ E,rt is the electricity price sold by the hydrogen station to the distribution network at time t under scenario r; OE>0 means purchasing electricity from the distribution network, and OE<0 means selling electricity to the distribution network; The total electric power PS of hydrogen station i interacting with the distribution network at time t in the rth scenario rit As shown below: Where λ P,A %,λ P,B % is the proportional coefficient; HOE rit 、HVP rit are the power of hydrogen production equipment and the output power of photovoltaic power generation equipment at time t at the planned location i under the rth scenario; HWP rgt is the output power of the photovoltaic power generation equipment at the distribution network node g at time t in the rth scenario; The hydrogen shortage penalty HN at a hydrogen refueling station is as follows: In the formula, ED rit is the hydrogen supply; SD rit is the actual hydrogen demand; ρ N,rt is the hydrogen shortage penalty coefficient of the hydrogen refueling station at time t under scenario r; The wind curtailment penalty cost AG is as follows: Where, ρ W is the cost of wind power generation, ρ V is the cost of photovoltaic power generation; PWP rit PVP is the wind turbine output power at time t at location i under the rth scenario. rgt is the output power of the wind turbine at the node g in the distribution network at time t in the rth scenario; is the weight coefficient; X gv =1 means that the distribution network node g is equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment, X gv =0 means that the distribution network node g is not equipped with the vth type of photovoltaic power generation equipment; Y gw =1 means that the distribution network node g is equipped with the w-th type of wind power generation equipment, Y gw =0 means that the distribution network node g is not equipped with the wth type of wind power generation equipment.

6. The method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The constraints of the lower-level planning model include hydrogen production equipment operation constraints, hydrogen supply abundance constraints of hydrogen refueling stations, hydrogen supply capacity constraints, long-tube trailer hydrogen balance constraints, upper and lower limit constraints of hydrogen storage tanks and long-tube trailers, distributed power generation output constraints, long-tube trailer transfer constraints, and distribution network flow constraints and state constraints; The operating constraints of hydrogen production equipment are shown in formulas (32)-(35): Where, The rated capacity of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment; α hoe % is the ratio of the initial value of the hydrogen production equipment output to the rated power; r p,e % is the ramp rate of the e-th type of hydrogen production equipment; T is the cycle; The hydrogen supply adequacy constraints of hydrogen refueling stations are as follows: In the formula, ED rit is the actual effective hydrogen supply; SD rit is the actual hydrogen demand; ED rit >0 indicates the actual amount of hydrogen supplied; ED rit <0 indicates the amount of hydrogen in short supply; i∈Ω S ,r∈Ω R ,t∈[1,T];HOS rit is the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the planned location i under the rth scenario at time t; v up 、v dn is the average rate of loading and unloading hydrogen to the tube trailer; Δt is the sampling interval; Indicates self-transfer, that is, maintaining the position at the previous moment; The hydrogen supply capacity constraints are as follows: The hydrogen balance constraints for the tube trailer are as follows: The upper and lower limits of hydrogen in hydrogen storage tanks and tube trailers are as follows: Where, is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the sth and hydrogen storage tanks; is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the m-th tube trailer; α hos %, α hot % are the ratios of the initial value of hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen storage tank and long tube trailer to the rated long tube trailer; β% is the hydrogen extraction rate; parameter c∈Ω C ; The output constraints of distributed generation are shown in formulas (43)-(46): in, and are the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the s, e, v and w types of hydrogen storage tanks, the rated capacity of hydrogen production equipment, photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment respectively; cw t are the constraint coefficients of photovoltaic power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment respectively; The transfer constraints of the long tube trailer are shown in formulas (47)-(56): B rct =B rc0 c∈Ω C ,r∈Ω R ,t∈Ω T (54) i,j∈Ω S ,i≠j,c∈Ω C ,r∈Ω R ,t1∈[1,T-1-Δt ij ] Δt ij =RD[d ij / v c ]i,j∈Ω S (56) Where, RD[] is the rounding function; s rc0 is the initial position of the c-th tube trailer in the r-th scenario; is the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the mth type of long tube trailer; N SC,max Indicates the upper limit of the number of long-tube trailers in the same hydrogen refueling station; B rc0 is the value of the initial working state variable; Δt ij is the minimum transfer time from position i to j to be planned; v c is the average speed of the tube trailer; B rct is the working status variable; The power flow constraint state constraints of the distribution network include the electric load constraint of the hydrogen station grid-connected node, the power balance constraint of the distribution network, and the voltage amplitude and current amplitude constraint of the distribution network; The electrical load constraints of the hydrogen station grid-connected node are as follows: Where, L S×NB is the grid-connected position matrix of the planned location, S is the number of planned locations; L(i,g) = 1 means that the planned location i is connected to the grid at the distribution network node g, otherwise, L(i,g) = 1 means that the planned location i is not connected to the grid at the distribution network node g; the matrix L S×NB The sum of each row is 1; Ω G is the set of distribution network nodes; and are the power load and total power load of the distribution network node g outside the hydrogen refueling station at time t in the rth scenario respectively; Active injection power and reactive injection power; PS rit For load; The power balance constraints of the distribution network are as follows: Where, P rt , Q rt ,δ′ rt and V′ rt They represent the active injection power from the second node to the NBth node in the first column of the network matrix. The column vector, reactive injection power Column vector, voltage phase angle Column vector and voltage magnitude Column vector; g∈Ω G ; and is the column vector consisting of the second node to the NBth element in the first column of the network matrix B1 and the network matrix B2; δ1 and V1 are the voltage phase angle vector and voltage amplitude vector; The elements in the network matrices B1 and B2 are as follows: Where r ij 、x ij are the resistance and reactance of the branch between node i and node j; B1(i,j) and B1(i,i) are the elements of the network matrix B1; B2(i,j) and B2(i,i) are the elements of the network matrix B2; The voltage and current amplitude constraints of the distribution network are as follows: I' min ≤I'≤I' max (61) In min ≤V'≤V′ max (62) Among them, V′ min and V′ max are the lower and upper limit vectors of the node voltage V'; I' max and I' min are the upper and lower limits of the node current I' respectively.

7. The method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps to solve the two-level coordination planning model include: 1) Encode the variables of the upper-level planning model; 2) Set the parameters of the genetic algorithm, the maximum number of iterations is N, the population size is NP, the optimal fitness is f = -∞, the number of iterations is r = 1, and initialize the variables of the upper planning model; 3) Calculate the fitness of each individual in the population; the fitness shown is the objective function of the upper-level planning model; 4) Record the optimal fitness F in the current algebraic population r and the corresponding individual; if F r >f, then f=F r , and record the corresponding individual, otherwise proceed to step 5); 5) If r>N, end and output; otherwise, set r=r+1 and execute step 6); 6) Execute the selection operator according to the turntable rule; 7) Execute crossover operator; 8) Execute the mutation operator and return to step 3).

8. The method for electricity-hydrogen coordinated planning of a distributed double-layer hydrogen supply network and a distribution network according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The steps to calculate the fitness of each individual in the population include: 1) Calculate the equipment investment cost SC of the hydrogen refueling station, the equipment investment cost TC of the hydrogen transportation link, the hydrogen refueling station construction subsidy AS, and the distribution network DG equipment investment cost PGC; 2) Calculate the objective function of the lower-level planning model, including the following steps: 2.1) Assign each individual to the value of the upper-level variable; 2.2) Initial lower-level planning model variables; 2.3) Input the objective function and constraints of the lower-level planning model into CPLEX; 2.4) Obtain the optimal solution for the variables of the lower-level planning model and the optimal annual total operating benefit of the electricity-hydrogen system; 3) Calculate the fitness of each individual.

Images