Artificial large-scale breeding equipment and breeding method for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region

Abstract

The present invention discloses an artificial large-scale breeding equipment and breeding method for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region, the breeding method comprising: (1) selecting a geographical location and arranging a net house; (2) selecting, arranging, and maintaining swallowtail butterflies, host plants, and nectar plants; (3) breeding swallowtail butterflies; and (4) transferring adults. The breeding equipment is constructed in an area meeting the above environmental conditions, wherein the Yangtze River Delta region, an environment with a natural temperature of 5-35°C and a relative humidity of 55%-80%, are selected. The present invention controls economic costs and artificially breeds a variety of native butterflies such as citrus swallowtail butterflies, jade-banded swallowtail butterflies, and jade-spotted swallowtail butterflies, which use citrus plants as host plants. The invention can achieve successful introduction of all insect stages from eggs to adults and ensure generational breeding, with a high breeding survival rate and less manual operation. The invention can solve the problem that the current local butterfly breeding technology in the Yangtze River Delta region is insufficient to support ecotourism and the ornament processing industry, and can also avoid the invasion of alien species and protect local butterfly germplasm resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a breeding device and a breeding method, and in particular to an artificial large-scale breeding device and a breeding method suitable for breeding various native butterflies such as the citrus swallowtail, the jade-banded swallowtail, and the jade-spotted swallowtail, which use citrus plants of the Rutaceae family as host plants, in the Yangtze River Delta region. Background Art

[0002] The Yangtze River Delta region boasts a developed economy, a strong foundation for butterfly ecotourism, and a robust development momentum in the butterfly ornament processing industry. This creates a significant demand for both live butterflies and specimens. However, the transportation costs associated with long-distance butterfly deployment are high, and the loss of live butterflies due to mortality is significant. This is also susceptible to logistics speeds and shipping and receiving restrictions. Furthermore, the butterfly breeding market has long suffered from a persistent oversupply, leading to an unstable supply chain. Therefore, the Yangtze River Delta region needs to develop its butterfly breeding industry.

[0003] The foundation for the development of butterfly farming lies in breeding techniques adapted to regional conditions. Existing butterfly breeding techniques in the Yangtze River Delta region are still relatively immature, facing challenges such as unclear optimal host plants, high facility and labor costs, high energy consumption for temperature and humidity control, and difficulty coping with rainy and snowy weather. Furthermore, there is the risk of biological invasions posed by invasive species. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop economical artificial breeding techniques centered on local butterfly germplasm resources.

[0004] Swallowtail butterflies whose hosts are citrus plants are large, with beautiful wings, diverse wing colors, graceful dances, and relative cold tolerance. They are an important local ornamental butterfly resource in the Yangtze River Delta region. Therefore, developing cost-effective, large-scale artificial breeding techniques suitable for the Yangtze River Delta region, including the citrus swallowtail, is of great significance to the development of related industries. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an economically cost-effective large-scale artificial breeding equipment for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region; another purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial large-scale breeding method in the Yangtze River Delta region that can raise all stages of insects from eggs to adults, has a high breeding survival rate, and requires less manual operation.

[0006] Technical solution: The artificial large-scale breeding equipment for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region of the present invention includes a net house placed outdoors, with no net on the side of the net house facing the ground; a breathable partition is provided inside the net house, and a breathable sliding door is provided on the partition; the partition is used to divide the net house into an eclosion and egg-laying area and a larval rearing area, the eclosion and egg-laying area is used for mating and egg-laying of adults and eclosion of pupae, and the larval rearing area is used for hatching eggs and rearing larvae; the outer top surface of the net house is provided with a detachable rainproof cloth for rain protection, and a low-lying drainage area is provided around the land corresponding to the bottom surface of the net house for drainage in rainy days.

[0007] Furthermore, the net room is composed of a net room support and a net room wall covering the outside of the net room support; the net room support is made of stainless steel, and the net room wall is diamond mesh or nylon mesh, and its mesh number is ≥30 meshes.

[0008] Furthermore, the emergence and egg-laying area is provided with an emergence rack for pupae emergence, and the emergence rack includes a storage rack fixed on the inner wall of the net room. Except for one side against the wall, the other three sides of the storage rack are surrounded by gauze or smooth cardboard; the gauze or cardboard is at an angle of 60-75 degrees to the horizontal line of the ground, and hot melt glue is used to connect the pupa tail to the gauze or cardboard. The pupae are separated by 10 cm above and below and 5 cm left and right. The hot melt glue should be separated using a hot melt glue gun, and the amount of glue should be just enough to cover the first section of the pupa tail; a steel wire rope is provided at a high place in the emergence and egg-laying area for butterflies to stop and rest.

[0009] Furthermore, host plants planted in pots are rotated in the emergence and egg-laying area and the larval rearing area; an artificial nectar source is provided in the emergence and egg-laying area, which is divided into two layers: a nectar liquid layer and a partition layer. The artificial nectar source includes nectar liquid components, wherein the nectar liquid components are honey: salt: water = 15:1:84; the larval rearing area is provided with a nectar plant area for planting nectar plants for swallowtail butterflies.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer top surface of the net house is provided with a number of hooks for fixing rainproof cloth; the net house is equipped with a greenhouse for overwintering of host plants; and the low-lying drainage area is connected to an external drainage system.

[0011] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for breeding swallowtail butterflies using the aforementioned artificial large-scale breeding equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) Select the Yangtze River Delta region, the natural temperature -5-35℃, the relative humidity 55%-80%, and build the net room in an area that meets the above environmental conditions;

[0013] (2) Select one or more host plants of lemon, citron, and mountain orange for feeding swallowtail butterflies; plant nectar plants in the nectar plant area, and rotate the host plants planted in pots between the eclosion and egg-laying area and the larval rearing area;

[0014] (3) Host plants placed in the eclosion and egg-laying area are used to collect eggs. The adult sex ratio in the eclosion and egg-laying area is controlled at male:female = 1:1.2-1.5, and the insect density is less than 4 per cubic meter. After the female insect lays eggs, the host plants with eggs are moved to the larval rearing area for hatching. After the larvae pupate and have a certain hardness, they are picked from the host plants and moved to the eclosion racks in the egg-laying area for eclosion;

[0015] (4) After the pupae in the emergence rack emerge, the emerged adults are collected and partially transferred to achieve generational transmission.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the net house construction area has a flat soil surface, and the hardened ground portion does not exceed one half.

[0017] Furthermore, the highest point of the host plant's leaf canopy is controlled at 1.0-1.5 meters, and the leaf canopy radius is controlled at 0.4-0.6 meters;

[0018] Furthermore, the hatching and egg-laying area is equipped with an artificial nectar source; the artificial nectar source is divided into two layers: a nectar layer and a partition layer. The nectar layer is a container filled with artificial nectar, which is used to hold the nectar that the adult butterflies need to eat; the partition layer is a sieve plate, which is used for the adult butterflies to stop when absorbing nectar.

[0019] Furthermore, the method further comprises step (5), when the breeding environment is cold, the net house is equipped with a wintering greenhouse for host plants; and the net house and the soil and utensils inside are disinfected regularly.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant advantages: controllable economic costs, high breeding survival rate, less manual operation, and artificial large-scale breeding of citrus swallowtails, jade-belt swallowtails, jade-spotted swallowtails and other native butterflies that use citrus plants of the Rutaceae family as host plants. It can achieve the successful introduction of all insect stages from eggs to adults and ensure generational breeding, avoid the invasion of alien species, and protect local butterfly germplasm resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] In the figure, 1. Net house; 101. Egg-laying and larval emergence area; 102. Larval rearing area; 103. Nectar-producing plant area; 2. Partition; 201. Sliding door; 3. Rainproof cloth; 4. Low-lying drainage area; 5. Egg-laying rack; 6. Wire rope; 7. Hook. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] As shown in the figure, the artificial large-scale breeding equipment for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region of the present invention includes a net house 1, a partition 2, a rainproof cloth 3, a low-lying drainage area 4, a feathering rack 5, a steel wire rope 6, and a hook 7. The net house 1 is placed in an outdoor environment and is composed of a net house frame, a net house wall covering the outside of the net house frame, and a net house top surface. The side of the net house 1 facing the ground is free of nets, that is, the net house 1 includes four net house walls and a net house top surface. The bottom of the net house is open and directly contacts the ground, facilitating the planting of nectar-producing plants on the ground.

[0026] The area of ​​the net house 1 is preferably around 300 square meters. For larger farms, it is advisable to plan and construct multiple net houses of around 300 square meters each. The distance between net houses is preferably 10-20 meters, and the height of the net house 1 is preferably around 4 meters. The net house frame is made of stainless steel, and the net house walls are covered with diamond mesh or nylon mesh with a mesh size of ≥30.

[0027] The partition 2 is positioned within the net chamber 1, dividing the net chamber 1 into an eclosion and egg-laying area 101 and a larval rearing area 102. The position of the partition 2 can be adjusted as needed, thereby adjusting the ratio of the eclosion and egg-laying areas 101 and larval rearing areas 102. Preferably, one-third of the net chamber 1 is used as the eclosion and egg-laying area 101 for pupae eclosion and adult mating and egg-laying; two-thirds of the net chamber 1 is used as the larval rearing area 102 for egg hatching and larval rearing. The partition is equipped with a sliding door 201, which is a sliding screen door, to facilitate operator movement between the larval rearing area 102 and the eclosion and egg-laying area 101.

[0028] The eclosion and egg-laying area 101 is used for mating and egg-laying of adults and eclosion of pupae. The eclosion and egg-laying area 101 is provided with an eclosion rack 5 for eclosion of pupae. The eclosion rack 5 includes a storage rack fixed on the inner wall of the net room 1. Except for one side against the wall, the other three sides of the storage rack are surrounded by gauze or glossy cardboard.

[0029] The feathering rack 5 is modified from a single-layer or multi-layer rack. The rack frame is preferably made of a rain-resistant material such as stainless steel. The layer width is preferably about 1 meter and the layer height is 0.5-1 meter. Use dovetail clamps to fix the gauze or glossy cardboard with the length and width of the rack to the rack, so that the gauze or cardboard is at a 60-75° angle to the ground horizontal line. Use hot melt glue to connect the pupae's tail to the gauze or cardboard, with the pupae separated by 10 cm above and 5 cm from side to side. Use a hot melt glue gun to separate the pupae. The amount of hot melt glue should just cover the first section of the pupae's tail.

[0030] A steel wire rope 6 is fixed high above the spawning and egg-laying area 101, allowing butterflies to rest. The number of wire ropes is 10 butterflies per meter, and the ideal height is 50 cm from the top. The spawning and egg-laying area 101 is also equipped with an artificial nectar source. This source consists of two layers: a liquid honey layer and a partition layer. The liquid honey layer is a container filled with artificial nectar, which is used to hold the nectar for adult butterflies to feed on. The partition layer is a sieve plate, which allows the adult butterflies to rest while absorbing the nectar. The nectar composition is: honey: salt: water = 15:1:84.

[0031] The larvae rearing area 102 is used for hatching eggs and rearing larvae. The larvae rearing area 102 is provided with a nectar source plant area 103 for planting nectar source plants for swallowtail butterflies. The preferred nectar source plant is Ageratum sp., followed by Buddleja lindleyana.

[0032] The net house 1 also contains host plants, with lemon being the preferred host plant, followed by citron, and then mountain orange. The net house must contain at least one host plant. The host plant is planted in pots, which rotate between the hatching and egg-laying area 101 and the larval rearing area 102.

[0033] Since the net house 1 is located directly outdoors, hooks 7 are built at the top joint of the bracket of the net house 1 to connect to the rainproof cloth 3 in case of rain. According to the weather forecast, the rainproof cloth 3 is laid on the top before rain to prevent rain from scouring the larvae. The rainproof cloth 3 is removed after the rain stops. The width of the rainproof cloth 3 should be about 2 meters, and a hole for the hook 7 should be added every 2 meters in length. The hooks 7 at the edge should be flush with or slightly overlap the low-lying drainage area 4.

[0034] The land corresponding to the bottom of the net house 1 is surrounded by a low-lying drainage area 4 for drainage on rainy days; specifically, a relatively low-lying area with a width of 30 cm is reserved around the net house as the low-lying drainage area 4, which is connected to an external drainage system such as a sewer.

[0035] The net house 1 is equipped with a greenhouse for the overwintering of the host plants. When the temperature in the net house 1 is 5°C lower than the daily minimum temperature, the host plants are moved into the greenhouse for overwintering management.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The artificial large-scale breeding method of swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0038] (1) Geographical location selection and net house layout:

[0039] Suitable geographical location: The Yangtze River Delta region, which refers to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Shanghai, can implement this technology.

[0040] Choose an area with natural temperature of -5-35℃, relative humidity of 55%-80%, altitude below 600 meters, loose and fertile soil, hardened ground area not exceeding 50%, and flat ground to build a citrus swallowtail butterfly breeding garden.

[0041] A net house should ideally be around 300 square meters in size. For larger farms, multiple net houses of around 300 square meters should be planned and constructed. The ideal distance between net houses should be 10-20 meters, and the ideal height should be around 4 meters. Diamond mesh is preferred for net house walls, with nylon mesh being a secondary choice. A mesh size of 30 mesh or higher is recommended.

[0042] The cage frame should be made of a rain- and wind-resistant material such as stainless steel. Steel hooks should be built into the top joints of the frame to attach a tarpaulin. According to the weather forecast, lay the tarpaulin on the roof before it rains and remove it after the rain stops. Leave a relatively low area 30 cm wide around the cage for connection to a sewer or other external drainage system.

[0043] One-third of the net room is used as the emergence and egg-laying area, which is used for the emergence of pupae and the mating and egg-laying of adults; two-thirds of the net room is used as the larval rearing area, which is used for the hatching of eggs and the rearing of larvae; the emergence and egg-laying area and the larval rearing area are separated by a sliding screen door.

[0044] The hatching and egg-laying area must be equipped with an artificial nectar source. This source consists of two layers: a liquid nectar layer and a partition layer. The liquid nectar layer is a container filled with artificial nectar, which is used by adult butterflies to feed on. The partition layer is a sieve plate, which is used by adult butterflies to stop and absorb the nectar. The nectar composition is: honey: salt: water = 15:1:84.

[0045] Steel wire ropes need to be fixed high up in the hatching and egg-laying area for butterflies to rest on. The number of steel wire ropes should be 10 butterflies per meter, and it is best to keep them 50 cm from the top.

[0046] Hooks should be installed on the top of the net house to hang the tarpaulin. The tarpaulin should be about 2 meters wide, with a hole for the hook added every 2 meters in length. The edge hooks should be flush with or slightly overlap the drainage area.

[0047] (2) Selection, arrangement and maintenance of swallowtail butterflies, host plants and nectar plants:

[0048] For the breeding of many species of swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta, the preferred host plant is lemon, followed by citron, and then mountain orange. There must be at least one host plant in the net room. The host plants are planted in pots, and the pots are rotated between the emergence and egg-laying area and the larval rearing area: host plants without larvae and eggs are sprayed and disinfected with 100mg / L chlorine dioxide solution, left to stand for 6 hours, and then moved to the emergence and egg-laying area. The ratio of the number of host plant pots to the number of female butterflies in the emergence and egg-laying area is 1:20; after more than 20 eggs are laid on the host plant, the host plant pot is moved to the larval rearing area. After the larvae pupate, the pupae are picked and moved to the emergence rack in the emergence and egg-laying area. The host plant is checked. If the leaves are obviously sparse, they are placed in the greenhouse for centralized management and cultivation and pruning until a shrub-like plant with lush branches and leaves is formed; if there are many leaves, they are sprayed and disinfected with chlorine dioxide solution and moved back to the emergence and egg-laying area for egg collection. The distance between host plants in the larval feeding area should be 1 meter or more.

[0049] The highest point of the leaf canopy of host plants in the net room should be controlled between 1.0 and 1.5 meters, and the leaf canopy radius should be controlled between 0.4 and 0.5 meters. Host plants in the same batch should be kept at the same height as much as possible during the emergence and egg-laying area. Use drip irrigation or a watering can to water host plants in the net room, watering them below the leaf canopy level. Flower and fruit thinning of host plants in the net room should be done promptly to ensure leaf yield.

[0050] For the breeding of various swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region, the preferred nectar plant is Ageratum sp., followed by Buddleja lindleyana. One or more nectar plants should be present in the net room. These plants should be planted only in the emergence and egg-laying area, in the ground layer of soil, and should not exceed one-third of the area. Nectar plants should be watered at a lower level than artificial nectar sources.

[0051] (3) Swallowtail butterfly reproduction:

[0052] One day after the larvae pupate, when they have reached a certain hardness, they are picked from the tree and moved to the hatching rack in the egg-laying area. Hot melt glue is used to fix the hatching. The hatching rack can be modified from a single-layer or multi-layer rack. The rack frame should be made of rain-resistant materials such as stainless steel. The layer width should be about 1 meter and the layer height should be 0.5-1 meter. Use dovetail clips to fix the gauze or glossy cardboard with a length and width that matches the rack to the rack, so that the gauze or cardboard is at a 60-75° angle to the ground horizontal line. Use hot melt glue to connect the tail of the pupa to the gauze or cardboard, with a distance of 10 cm above and below the pupae and 5 cm left and right. The hot melt glue should be separated with a hot melt glue gun, and the amount of glue should just cover the first section of the pupa's tail.

[0053] The sex ratio of adults in the hatching and egg-laying area is controlled at male:female = 1:1.2-1.5, and the insect density is less than 4 per cubic meter.

[0054] For the first introduction, if eggs or 1st instar larvae are used, an additional incubator is required. In the absence of light, or when the eggs are covered with host plants, the incubation and rearing are carried out at 28°C and 75% relative humidity. When the larvae grow to the second instar, use a brush to sweep the larvae onto the leaves of the host plants in the larval rearing area of ​​the net room, preferably the leaves in the middle canopy, and place one larva on each leaf. No more than 20 larvae are placed on each host plant. If 2nd to 5th instar larvae are used for rearing, use a brush to sweep the larvae directly onto the leaves of the host plants in the larval rearing area of ​​the net room. The swept butterflies are then placed on the leaves of the host plants in the larval rearing area, preferably on the leaves in the middle canopy layer. One larva is placed on each leaf, and no more than 20 larvae are placed on each host plant. If pupae are used for introduction, a hot melt glue gun is used to directly fix the pupae on the pupal plates. After they emerge, the sex ratio is controlled by transferring excess butterflies, and a new generation begins after they lay eggs. If adults are used for introduction, host plant pots are directly arranged in the emerging and egg-laying area according to the sex ratio and the number of female insects. After they lay eggs, the pots are transferred to the larval rearing area for feeding.

[0055] (4) Adult transfer:

[0056] To transfer adults, the best time is 3 hours after the butterfly emerges, when its wings are relatively strong but its flight ability is relatively weak, and it is about to take off from the pupal plate. Cover the butterfly's wings with both hands, cupping them in your palms. Transfer the butterfly to an insect cage. Alternatively, after the butterfly is in your palms, gently press the wings together to close them. Then, gently pinch the butterfly's chest, from wings to abdomen, and transfer it to a pre-folded triangular bag made of newspaper. The next best time is 7 days after the butterfly emerges, when it has essentially completed egg laying. Use an insect net to catch the butterfly and then, using the same procedure, transfer it to an insect cage or triangular bag. Both insect cages and triangular bags can be shipped within 2 days. Transportation is not limited to trucks or air freight, but the butterflies must be protected from stress and the outer packaging must have ventilation holes.

[0057] (5) Wintering and disinfection:

[0058] The net house needs to be equipped with a greenhouse for the overwintering of host plants. When the temperature inside the net house is 5℃ below the daily minimum temperature, the host plants should be moved into the greenhouse for overwintering care.

[0059] The net house, soil, and equipment should be disinfected in winter. This includes spraying with a 200mg / L chlorine dioxide solution, a 0.2% formaldehyde solution in the nutrient soil, and 0.1% chlorhexidine solution in the tools and equipment.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] The method of Example 2 was used to raise Papilio helenus:

[0062] The larvae were released when they were 3 years old, in Nanjing, in June, with a total of 50 insects released, using the above methods and facilities. The net house was a diamond yarn net, the host plant was lemon, with a plant height of 1.5 meters, a plant spacing of 1 meter, and a plant diameter of 0.3 meters. The nectar plant was ageratum, and there were rain shelter facilities. The hatching success rate was 90%, 15 male insects and 30 female insects were hatched, 60 eggs were laid, and the egg hatching rate was 95%, achieving generational transmission.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] The method of Example 2 was used to raise Papilio polytes:

[0065] The species were introduced in the egg stage and cultured in an incubator until they were 2 years old before being released. The release location was Nanjing and the release time was July. 120 eggs were introduced and 100 insects were actually released. The above methods and facilities were used. The net room was a diamond yarn net. The host plant was citron, with a plant height of 1.0 meter, a plant spacing of 1 meter, and a plant diameter of 0.5 meter. The nectar plant was ageratum, and there were rain shelter facilities. The hatching success rate was 85%, 35 male insects and 50 female insects were hatched, 100 eggs were laid, and the egg hatching rate was 90%, achieving generational transmission.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The method of Example 2 was used to raise Papilio xuthus:

[0068] The species were introduced in the pupal stage and released in Nanjing in July. 120 eggs were introduced and 100 insects were actually released. The above methods and facilities were used. The net house was a nylon mesh. The host plant was the mountain orange with a plant height of 1.0 m, a plant spacing of 1 m, and a plant diameter of 0.4 m. The nectar plant was the Buddleja herb with rainproof facilities. The hatching success rate was 95%, 45 male insects and 50 female insects were hatched, 100 eggs were laid, and the egg hatching rate was 90%, achieving generational transmission.

[0069] Example 6

[0070] The method of Example 2 was used to raise Papilio demoleus:

[0071] The adult stage was introduced and the release location was Nanjing in August. A total of 100 insects were introduced, including 40 males and 60 females. The above methods and facilities were used. The net house was a nylon mesh. The host plants were lemon and mountain orange, with a plant height of 1.2 meters, a plant spacing of 1 meter, and a plant diameter of 0.5 meters. The nectar plant was Buddleja herb, and there were rainproof facilities. 120 eggs were laid, with an egg hatching rate of 92%, achieving generational transmission.

Claims

1. An artificial large-scale breeding equipment for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region, characterized in that: The invention comprises a net house (1) placed outdoors, wherein the side of the net house (1) facing the ground has no net; a breathable partition (2) is provided inside the net house (1), and a breathable sliding door (201) is provided on the partition; the partition (2) is used to divide the net house (1) into an eclosion and egg-laying area (101) and a larval rearing area (102); the eclosion and egg-laying area (101) is used for mating and egg-laying of adults and eclosion of pupae, and the larval rearing area (102) is used for hatching eggs and rearing larvae; the outer top surface of the net house (1) is provided with a detachable rainproof cloth (3) for rain protection in rainy days, and a low-lying drainage area (4) for drainage in rainy days is provided around the land corresponding to the bottom surface of the net house (1); the eclosion and egg-laying area (101) is provided with a detachable rainproof cloth (3) for rain protection in rainy days, and the land corresponding to the bottom surface of the net house (1) is provided with a low-lying drainage area (4) for drainage in rainy days; ... rain drainage in rainy days; the eclosion and egg-laying area (101) is provided with a detachable rainproof cloth (3) for rain protection in rainy days, and the low-lying drainage area (4) for rain drainage in rainy days is provided. ) is provided with an eclosion rack (5) for pupae eclosion, the eclosion rack (5) comprises a storage rack fixed on the inner wall of the net room (1), and the storage rack is surrounded by gauze or smooth cardboard on the other three sides except one side against the wall; the gauze or cardboard is at an angle of 60-75 degrees to the horizontal line of the ground, and a steel wire rope (6) is provided at a high position of the eclosion and egg-laying area (101) for butterflies to stop and rest; host plants planted in pots are rotated in the eclosion and egg-laying area (101) and the larval rearing area (102); an artificial nectar source is provided in the eclosion and egg-laying area (101), and the artificial nectar source is divided into two layers: a nectar liquid layer and a partition layer; the larval rearing area (102) is provided with a nectar plant area (103) for planting nectar plants for swallowtail butterflies.

2. The artificial large-scale breeding equipment for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The net room (1) is composed of a net room support and a net room wall covering the outside of the net room support; the net room support is made of stainless steel, and the net room wall is made of diamond mesh or nylon mesh, and its mesh number is ≥30 meshes.

3. The artificial large-scale breeding equipment for swallowtail butterflies in the Yangtze River Delta region according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer top surface of the net house (1) is provided with a plurality of hooks (7) for fixing the rainproof cloth (3); the net house is equipped with a greenhouse for the overwintering of host plants; and the low-lying drainage area (4) is connected to an external drainage system.

4. A method for breeding swallowtail butterflies using the artificial large-scale breeding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Select the Yangtze River Delta region, natural temperature -5-35℃, relative humidity 55%-80%, and build the net house in an area that meets the above environmental conditions; (2) Select one or more of lemon, citron, and mountain orange as host plants; plant nectar plants in the nectar plant area, and rotate the host plants planted in pots between the hatching and egg-laying area and the larval rearing area; (3) Host plants placed in the eclosion and egg-laying area are used to collect eggs. The sex ratio of adult insects in the eclosion and egg-laying area is controlled at male:female = 1:1.2-1.5, and the insect density is less than 4 per cubic meter. After the female insect lays eggs, the host plants with eggs are moved to the larval rearing area for hatching. After the larvae pupate and have a certain hardness, they are picked from the host plants and moved to the eclosion racks in the egg-laying area for eclosion; (4) After the pupae in the emergence rack emerge, the emerged adults are collected and partially transferred to achieve generational transmission.

5. The method for breeding swallowtail butterflies according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the net house construction area has a flat soil surface, and the hardened ground portion does not exceed one half.

6. The method for breeding swallowtail butterflies according to claim 4, characterized in that: The highest point of the host plant's leaf crown is controlled at 1.0-1.5 meters, and the leaf crown radius is controlled at 0.4-0.6 meters.

7. The method for breeding swallowtail butterflies according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hatching and egg-laying area is equipped with an artificial nectar source; the artificial nectar source is divided into two layers: a nectar layer and a partition layer. The nectar layer is a container filled with artificial nectar, which is used to hold the nectar that adult butterflies need to feed on; the partition layer is a sieve plate, which is used for adult butterflies to stop when absorbing nectar.

8. The method for breeding swallowtail butterflies according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further includes step (5), wherein when the breeding environment is cold, the net room is equipped with a wintering greenhouse for host plants; and the net room and the soil and utensils inside are disinfected regularly.

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