A downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device and control method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforating monitoring device, comprising a cable joint, a rotating short section, a magnetic positioning short section, an anchoring instrument, and an azimuth locking instrument, wherein the cable joint, the rotating short section, the magnetic positioning short section, the anchoring instrument, and the azimuth locking instrument are connected in sequence; a perforating gun is arranged at the end of the azimuth locking instrument; wherein a power mechanism is arranged in both the anchoring instrument and the azimuth locking instrument. The device is driven to rotate by power supply, thereby driving the support arm of the anchoring instrument to open, and anchoring the instrument string on the casing without moving or rotating. The motor in the azimuth locking instrument rotates, driving the lower optical cable detection device to rotate, and judging the position of the optical cable by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals, thereby determining the position for perforating in the opposite direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of petroleum well logging, and in particular to a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device and a control method. Background Art

[0002] During the oil drilling process, it is necessary to monitor the downhole data, mainly for the wells in some key blocks, which require long-term monitoring of temperature and pressure so as to serve as a reference when drilling other wells.

[0003] Currently, the most advanced technology in China is to fix the optical cable to the outside of the casing, and install temperature and pressure sensors at the lower end of the optical cable. During the casing lowering process, the optical cable is fixed to the outer wall of the casing and lowered into the reservoir. Then, the optical cable and casing are fixed by cementing. In subsequent operations, the casing needs to be perforated. Some operations require fracturing operations to increase production, and some operations are to communicate the pressure between the inside of the casing and the formation. Therefore, perforation is necessary during the perforation operation, which leads to the risk of breaking the optical cable during perforation. At this point, the optical cable can no longer be repaired, so special monitoring instruments are required to monitor the specific position of the optical cable during perforation. At present, the development of such instruments in the domestic market is in its early stages. Original imported instruments are basically used for basic testing. They are still immature and there is no device to ensure that the optical cable is not damaged. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device and control method; this device has the advantages of reliable signal transmission, accurate optical cable locking, short length, and stable data, meeting the production needs of the current well logging market.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforating monitoring device, comprising a cable joint, a rotating short section, a magnetic positioning short section, an anchoring instrument, and an azimuth locking instrument, wherein the cable joint, the rotating short section, the magnetic positioning short section, the anchoring instrument, and the azimuth locking instrument are connected in sequence; a perforating gun is provided at the end of the azimuth locking instrument; wherein the anchoring instrument and the azimuth locking instrument are both provided with a power mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the azimuth locking instrument is provided with a driving unit, a rotating mechanism and a rotating transformer, and the rotating transformer is provided inside, and the rotating transformer is connected to the rotating mechanism; the interior is provided with a rotating structure, the lower end of the rotating mechanism is provided with an upper control circuit, the lower end of the upper control circuit is provided with a laser unit, the lower end of the laser unit is connected to a lower control circuit, the lower end of the lower control circuit is provided with an azimuth locking unit and a signal reference unit, and the end of the azimuth locking instrument is provided with a lower connector.

[0007] Furthermore, a wire is provided in the rotating short section, and the rotating short section and the magnetic positioning short section are connected via the wire.

[0008] Furthermore, the cable connector is connected to a ground control system, and the cable connector is connected to the ground control system via a cable.

[0009] Furthermore, the cable joint, the rotating short sub, the magnetic positioning short sub, the anchoring instrument, the azimuth locking instrument and the perforating gun are all arranged in the casing.

[0010] Furthermore, a flexible short section is provided between the cable connector and the rotating short section, and a conductor is provided in the flexible short section to connect the upper and lower ends.

[0011] Furthermore, a shock-absorbing short section is also provided on the azimuth locking instrument, and one end of the azimuth locking instrument is connected to the shock-absorbing short section.

[0012] Furthermore, the azimuth locking instrument is connected to a righting mechanism, which includes an upper righting device and a lower righting device; the upper righting device is arranged between the magnetic positioning short section and the anchoring instrument, and the lower righting device is connected to the other end of the shock absorbing short section.

[0013] Furthermore, a safety control system is provided on the cable of the device.

[0014] A control method for a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforating monitoring device based on the above-mentioned device is characterized in that the device sends a signal to the anchoring instrument through the ground control system, and the anchoring instrument is anchored. After that, the ground control system sends a signal to the azimuth locking instrument, and the driving unit in the azimuth locking instrument rotates, driving the laser unit, the signal reference unit and the azimuth locking unit to rotate, and sending a signal at the same time, and determining the position of the optical cable through electromagnetic wave emission, and performing perforation after controlling the rotation of the rotating mechanism.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0016] The instrument generates power to drive the motor, which in turn expands the anchor arm, anchoring the instrument string to the casing and preventing it from moving or rotating. The motor in the azimuth locking device rotates, driving the lower fiber optic cable detection device to rotate. By transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals, the position of the fiber optic cable is determined, thereby determining the location for perforating in the opposite direction.

[0017] Furthermore, an azimuth locking device is provided at the bottom of the anchoring device, which is mainly used to drive the internal motor of the anchoring device to open the support arm and fix the entire instrument string to prevent it from rotating after the instrument string reaches the perforating position; the perforating gun is at the bottom of the instrument string and is mainly used to fire shells to perforate and penetrate the casing.

[0018] Furthermore, a rotary transformer is installed within the motor drive unit to monitor whether the motor rotates normally after one revolution. The upper control circuit is primarily used to control the rotation of the motor within the motor drive unit. The laser unit is primarily used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals and penetrate the casing, and the lower control circuit is primarily used to control the signal transmission and processing of the laser unit. The signal reference unit primarily receives the signal from the laser unit and determines the signal strength. The azimuth locking unit receives the signal from the laser unit, performs strength analysis, and then reconfirms the position of the optical cable outside the casing.

[0019] Furthermore, a key feature of this design is that the instrument string rotates during lowering, as the cable is being lowered into the well. The rotating sub allows the upper cable to rotate without rotating the lower instrument, thereby relieving the cable torque and protecting it. The cable connector connects to the cable and incorporates a corresponding tension weakness. If the entire instrument string becomes stuck underground, the cable can be pulled upwards to free it, protecting the cable. A flexible sub is located below the connector. Its primary function is to connect the cable and the instrument, allowing the instrument string to bend slightly, facilitating lowering and preventing it from becoming stuck.

[0020] Furthermore, the upper centralizer is primarily used during the downhole process to determine the depth of the downhole by detecting the number of casing collars by energizing the coils inside the magnetic positioning sub and anchor. The connection between the upper centralizer and anchor primarily helps center the entire instrument string within the casing. The lower centralizer, located below the shock-absorbing sub, is primarily used to prevent damage to the upper azimuth locking device and anchor during perforating operations, thereby providing a shock-absorbing effect. The lower centralizer centralizes the lower portion of the instrument string, centered within the casing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the overall structure of a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an azimuth locking device for a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of signal transmission and reception of an azimuth locking instrument of a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforating monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a control method for a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] In the figure: cable joint 1, flexible pup joint 2, rotating pup joint 3, magnetic positioning pup joint 4, upper centralizer 5, anchoring device 6, azimuth locking device 7, shock absorbing pup joint 8, lower centralizer 9, perforating gun 10 and ground control system 11, drive unit 101, rotary transformer 102, rotating mechanism 103, upper control circuit 104, laser unit 105, lower control circuit 106, azimuth locking unit 107, signal reference unit 108, lower joint 109, cable 100, optical cable 200, cement 300, casing 400. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] A downhole casing external optical cable azimuth-locked perforating monitoring device and control method includes a cable connector 1, a flexible sub 2, a rotating sub 3, a magnetic positioning sub 4, an upper stabilizer 5, an anchor 6, a magnetic directional tool 7, a shock-absorbing sub 8, a lower stabilizer 9, a perforating gun 10, and a surface control system 11. The upper portion of the cable connector 1 is connected to a cable 100. A weak point corresponding to tensile strength is provided within the connector. If the instrument becomes stuck downhole, it can be freed by pulling upward on the cable 100, protecting it. The lower portion of the flexible sub 2 is provided with a central connection between the cable 100 and the instrument. The lower portion of the flexible sub 2 is provided with a rotating sub 3. Conductors are installed within the flexible sub 2 for electrical connection between the upper and lower sections. Threads also mechanically connect the upper and lower sections. This allows for a certain degree of bending of the instrument string, facilitating lowering and preventing instrument jams. The rotating sub 3 is connected to a magnetic orientation sub 4. The lower portion of the rotating sub 3 is connected to the magnetic orientation sub 4 via internal wires and threads. This is primarily used when the instrument string is long and the cable 100 rotates during downhole operation. The rotating sub 3 allows the upper cable to rotate without rotating the lower instrument, thereby relieving cable torque and protecting the cable. An upper centralizer 5 is located below the magnetic positioning sub 4. The upper centralizer 5 and the upper centralizer 5 are connected via internal wires and threads. During downhole operation, the internal coil is energized to detect the number of casing couplings, thereby determining the downhole depth. An anchor 6 is located below the upper centralizer 5. The upper centralizer 5 and the anchor 6 are connected via internal wires and threads. This is primarily used to center the entire instrument string within the casing. Anchor 6 is located below the anchor 6. The anchor 6 and the anchor 6 are connected via internal wires and threads. It is mainly used to, after the instrument string reaches the perforation position, drive the internal motor of the anchoring instrument 6 after power is supplied to open the support arm to fix the entire instrument string so that it does not rotate.

[0035] A shock-absorbing short section 8 is provided at the bottom of the azimuth locking instrument 7, and the azimuth locking instrument 7 and the shock-absorbing short section 8 are connected by wires and threads inside. It is mainly used to monitor the specific position of the optical cable outside the casing. A lower centralizer 9 is provided at the bottom of the shock-absorbing short section 8, and the shock-absorbing short section 8 and the lower centralizer 9 are connected by wires and threads inside. It is mainly used to prevent the upper azimuth locking instrument 7 and anchoring instrument 6 from being damaged by the large impact force when the perforating gun 10 is performing perforating operations, thereby achieving a shock-absorbing effect. The lower centralizer 9 centralizes the lower part of the instrument string so that it is centered in the casing. The perforating gun 10 is at the bottom of the instrument string and is mainly used to fire shells to perforate and penetrate the casing.

[0036] The orientation locking instrument 7 includes a drive unit 101, which houses a rotation mechanism 103 that rotates the lower instrument string. In this embodiment, the drive unit 101 is a motor drive unit. A rotary transformer 102 is located within the drive unit 101 to monitor the normal rotation of the drive unit 101. The rotary transformer 102 is located below the drive unit 101, and a rotation mechanism 103 is located below the rotary transformer 102. Rotation is initiated by the drive unit 101 and internally includes bearings, lubricants, and other structures that facilitate rotation. An upper control circuit 104 is located below the rotation mechanism 103, primarily responsible for controlling the rotation of the drive unit 101. A lasing unit 105 is located below the upper control circuit 104, primarily responsible for emitting electromagnetic wave signals that penetrate the casing. A lower control circuit 106 is located below the upper control circuit 104, primarily responsible for controlling the lasing unit's signal transmission and processing. A signal reference unit 108 and an orientation locking unit 107 are located below the lower control circuit 106. The signal reference unit 107 primarily receives the signal from the laser unit 105 and determines its strength. The position lock unit 108 receives the signal from the laser unit 105, analyzes its strength, and then reconfirms the position of the optical cable outside the casing. A lower connector 109 is located at the bottom end, connecting to the shock-absorbing sub 8.

[0037] The surface control system 11 and downhole control system control the motors in the downhole azimuth locking device 7 and anchoring device 6, determining whether they should rotate. The upper control circuit 104 and lower control circuit 106 within the azimuth locking device 7 are controlled. Downhole signals are uploaded, collected, and displayed, and commands are sent to the lower circuits. The surface control system 11 first transmits signals downhole via cable 100, which in this embodiment uses a single-core cable. Cable 100 connects to the instrument's main control board, which drives the drive unit 101 and registers the rotation. Cable 100 then transmits signals downhole to the cable core safety control system, which then transmits them to the perforating gun to determine whether to fire the perforating gun. The cable core safety system transmits the signals to the main control board for control signal processing. Signal strength is determined by the signal reference unit 107, and the azimuth locking unit 108 determines the azimuth and performs signal processing. The main control board controls the motors and is equipped with a driver and drive circuit. The main control board controls the laser unit 105 and drives the laser unit 105 to emit electromagnetic wave signals.

[0038] Working principle and working process introduction:

[0039] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown, the cable connector 1, flexible sub 2, rotating sub 3, magnetic positioning sub 4, upper centralizer 5, anchor 6, magnetic directional tool 7, shock absorber 8, lower centralizer 9, and perforating gun 10 are connected. After being lowered into the well, the surface control system 11 transmits signals to the main control board. The main control board is controlled by a surface switch, which promptly uploads the signals and communicates. The surface control system 11 sends a signal to the anchor 6, opening the support arm to anchor the tool string, preventing movement of the entire tool string. The surface control system 11 sends a signal to the azimuth locking device 7, causing the motor drive unit 101 to rotate the rotating mechanism, driving the lower laser unit 105, signal reference unit 107, and azimuth locking unit 108 to rotate. Simultaneously, signals are transmitted, and the position of the optical cable 200 is determined through electromagnetic wave transmission and reception. The rotating mechanism 103 is controlled to rotate 180°, and then perforation is performed on the back of the optical cable 200 to avoid damage.

[0040] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

[0041] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification describes the embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This description is for clarity only. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes made based on the technical solution in accordance with the technical concept proposed by the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cable joint (1), a rotating short joint (3), a magnetic positioning short joint (4), an anchoring device (6), and an azimuth locking device (7), wherein the cable joint (1), the rotating short joint (3), the magnetic positioning short joint (4), the anchoring device (6), and the azimuth locking device (7) are connected in sequence; a perforating gun (10) is arranged at the end of the azimuth locking device (7); wherein the anchoring device (6) and the azimuth locking device (7) are both provided with a power mechanism; The azimuth locking device (7) is provided with a driving unit (101), a rotating mechanism (103) and a rotating transformer (102); the driving unit (101) is provided with a rotating transformer (102); the rotating transformer (102) and the rotating mechanism (103) are connected; a rotating structure is provided inside the rotating mechanism (103); an upper control circuit (104) is provided at the lower end of the rotating mechanism (103); a laser unit (105) is provided at the lower end of the upper control circuit (104); a lower control circuit (106) is provided at the lower end of the laser unit (105); an azimuth locking unit (107) and a signal reference unit (108) are provided at the lower end of the lower control circuit (106); and a lower connector (109) is provided at the end of the azimuth locking device (7).

2. A downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conductive wire is arranged in the rotating short section (3), and the rotating short section (3) and the magnetic positioning short section (4) are connected via the conductive wire.

3. A downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable connector (1) is connected to a ground control system (11); the cable connector (1) is connected to the ground control system (11) via a cable.

4. A downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable joint (1), the rotating short joint (3), the magnetic positioning short joint (4), the anchoring instrument (6), the azimuth locking instrument (7) and the perforating gun are all arranged in the casing.

5. The downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flexible short section (2) is also provided between the cable connector (1) and the rotating short section (3), and a conductor is provided inside the flexible short section (2) to connect the upper and lower ends.

6. A downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The azimuth locking device (7) is also provided with a shock absorbing short joint (8), and one end of the azimuth locking device (7) is connected to the shock absorbing short joint (8).

7. A downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A righting mechanism, the righting mechanism comprising an upper righting device (5) and a lower righting device (9); the upper righting device (5) is arranged between the magnetic positioning short joint (4) and the anchoring device (6), and the lower righting device (9) is connected to the other end of the shock absorbing short joint (8).

8. The downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A safety control system is arranged on the cable of the device.

9. A control method for a downhole casing outer optical cable azimuth locking perforation monitoring device based on any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The device sends a signal to the anchoring instrument (6) through the ground control system (11), and the anchoring instrument (6) is anchored. After that, the ground control system (11) sends a signal to the azimuth locking instrument (7), and the driving unit (101) in the azimuth locking instrument (7) rotates, driving the laser unit (105), the signal reference unit (108) and the azimuth locking unit (107) to rotate, and sending a signal at the same time, transmitting and determining the position of the optical cable through electromagnetic waves, and performing perforation after the rotation of the rotating mechanism (103) is controlled.

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