Bucket tooth for tunnel excavator in soft surrounding rock

Abstract

A bucket tooth for a tunnel excavator with soft surrounding rock. The leading end of existing bucket teeth is mostly of the sheet-like straight blade type, which easily causes disturbance of the soft surrounding rock by excavation, causing it to fragment on the plane, extending the collapse range, forming a collapse cavity in three dimensions, increasing local over-excavation, and further increasing the amount and time of initial sprayed concrete in the process, reducing economic benefits and work efficiency. The bucket tooth described in the present invention is a curved groove-shaped concave arc type, and its structure includes: an arc-shaped concave structure, a curved groove-shaped structure, a built-in blade structure, a grid groove, a transition structure, a rectangular connection structure, and a pin hole. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: on the one hand, it reduces the disturbance of the soft surrounding rock by excavation and controls local over-excavation. On the other hand, it reduces the amount and time of initial sprayed concrete, improving economic benefits and work efficiency. At the same time, it is beneficial to the early and rapid support of tunnels with soft surrounding rock, reduces the time the face is in the air, and reduces safety risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mechanical devices for soft surrounding rock tunnel construction, and in particular to a bucket tooth for a soft surrounding rock tunnel excavator. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's transportation industry, the number of long and large tunnels constructed in weak rock is increasing. Tunnels in weak rock are primarily excavated using a combination of manual and mechanical excavation, primarily using excavators, with manual excavation within a pre-determined contour using tools such as pickaxes. Excavators excavate to the pre-determined contour in a single operation. Existing bucket teeth are typically blade-shaped, with straight, flat turning surfaces and a 90° angle. This sharp structure facilitates large-scale, overall excavation but is not conducive to conservative excavation of the local contours of tunnels in weak rock, as it easily disturbs the weak surrounding rock. This causes fragmentation in the horizontal plane, extending the scope of collapse and creating cavities in the vertical plane, increasing local overexcavation. This, in turn, increases the amount and time of initial shotcrete, consuming more labor and materials, and reducing economic benefits and work efficiency. Furthermore, manual excavation is labor-intensive, inefficient, and costly, making it unfavorable for early and rapid support of tunnels in weak rock and posing significant safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a bucket tooth for a tunnel excavator with soft surrounding rock, so that the structure of the excavator bucket tooth meets the special requirements of mechanical excavation in soft surrounding rock and realizes the most optimized excavation as possible. The technical solution of the present invention is: a bucket tooth for a tunnel excavator with soft surrounding rock, wherein the bucket tooth is in the shape of a curved groove with an inward concave arc. The bucket tooth is one-piece, and the bucket tooth structure includes: an arc-shaped inward concave structure, a curved groove structure, a built-in blade structure, a grid groove, a transition structure, a rectangular connection structure, and a pin hole. The excavation leading end of the bucket tooth is the arc-shaped inward concave blade structure, and the arc-shaped inward concave blade structure is 1 to 2 cm wide, presenting an arc-shaped sharp blade shape with a thin front edge and a thick rear edge, and a gradual transition in the middle. The curved groove structure is located at the front end of the bucket tooth, including both sides and the bottom, and is in the shape of a smooth curved surface. The front end of the curved groove structure is the arc-shaped concave blade structure. The built-in blade structure is arranged in the curved groove structure, and the built-in blade structure is in the shape of a sharp blade with a thin front edge and a thick rear edge and a transition in the middle. The built-in blade structure divides the internal space of the curved trough structure, forming the grid groove. The rectangular connecting structure is located at the end of the bucket tooth. The curved trough structure and the rectangular connecting structure are connected by the transition structure. The rectangular connecting structure is provided with the latch hole, which is connected to the excavator tooth seat via a pin shaft. The front edge curvature of the arc-shaped concave structure is α, and the two sides and bottom curvature of the curved trough structure are β. The connection curvature of the arc-shaped concave structure and the curved trough structure is γ. The bucket tooth structure is integrated, that is, the arc-shaped concave structure, the curved trough structure, the built-in blade structure, the grid groove, the transition structure, the rectangular connecting structure, and the latch hole are integrated. The bucket tooth can be formed by rolling and cutting a whole steel plate, or it can be cast in one go. The actual size of the bucket tooth can be adjusted according to the size of the corresponding excavator bucket tooth and the actual disturbance requirements of the surrounding rock on site.

[0004] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0005] 1. Reduce the disturbance of excavation to weak surrounding rock.

[0006] 2. Reduce the fragmentation of weak surrounding rock on the plane and the formation of collapse cavity in three dimensions, reduce the scope and volume of collapse, and control local over-excavation.

[0007] 3. Reduce the amount of initial sprayed concrete, save materials and improve economic benefits.

[0008] 4. Reduce the time for initial spraying of concrete, speed up the process cycle, increase the overall excavation speed, and improve work efficiency.

[0009] 5. Reduce manual excavation workload and save labor costs.

[0010] 6. It is beneficial to the early and rapid support of soft rock tunnels, reducing the time the face is in the air and reducing safety risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Attachment Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0012] Attachment Figure 2 It is a left side view of the present invention.

[0013] Attachment Figure 3 This is an embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0014] Attachment Figure 4 This is an embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0015] The numbers in the accompanying drawings are: 1. bucket tooth; 2. arc-shaped concave blade structure; 3. curved groove structure; 4. built-in blade structure; 5. grid groove; 6. transition structure; 7. rectangular connection structure; 8. pin hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Figure 1 The bucket tooth shown is a tunnel excavator for soft rock, and has a curved, groove-like, inward-concave arc shape. The bucket tooth 1 comprises: an arc-shaped, inward-concave blade structure 2, a curved groove structure 3, an internal blade structure 4, a grid groove 5, a transition structure 6, a rectangular connecting structure 7, and a pin hole 8. The excavation leading end of the bucket tooth 1 is the curved, inward-concave blade structure 2, which is 1 to 2 cm wide and resembles a sharp, curved blade with a thin leading edge and a thick trailing edge, with a gradual transition in the middle. The curved groove structure 3 is located at the front end of the bucket tooth 1, encompassing both sides and the bottom, and has a smooth, curved surface. The front end of the curved groove structure 3 is the curved, concave blade structure 2. The internal blade structure 4 is located within the curved groove structure 3. The internal blade structure 4 is a sharp blade with a thin leading edge and a thick trailing edge, with a transition in the middle. The internal blade structure 4 divides the internal space of the curved groove structure 3, forming the grid groove 5. The rectangular connecting structure 7 is located at the end of the bucket tooth 1. The curved groove structure 3 is connected to the rectangular connecting structure 7 through the transition structure 6. The rectangular connecting structure 7 is provided with the pin hole 8, and the pin hole 8 is connected to the excavator tooth seat through a pin shaft. The front edge curvature of the arc-shaped concave structure 2 is α, and the two sides and bottom curvature of the curved groove structure 3 are β. The connection curvature of the arc-shaped concave structure 2 and the curved groove structure 3 is γ. The bucket tooth 1 is an integrated structure, that is, the arc-shaped concave structure 2, the curved groove structure 3, the built-in blade structure 4, the grid groove 5, the transition structure 6, the rectangular connecting structure 7, and the pin hole 8 are integrated. The bucket tooth 1 can be formed by rolling and cutting a whole steel plate, or it can be cast in one go. The actual size of the bucket tooth 1 can be adjusted according to the size of the corresponding excavator bucket tooth and the disturbance requirements of the actual surrounding rock on site.

[0017] In order to facilitate excavation of surrounding rocks including soft surrounding rocks and relatively hard surrounding rocks, the leading end of the bucket tooth 1 is designed as a sharp arc-shaped concave blade structure 2 with a thin leading edge and a thick trailing edge.

[0018] In order to reduce the disturbance of excavation to the weak surrounding rock, reduce the plane fragmentation of the weak surrounding rock during excavation, and reduce the scope and volume of collapse, the two sides and bottom of the bucket tooth 1 are designed into a curved surface structure 3, which divides the surrounding rock to be excavated and the reserved surrounding rock into two parts in three dimensions during excavation.

[0019] In order to make the weak surrounding rock entering the curved trough structure 3 easy to break and fall, a built-in blade structure 4 is arranged in the curved trough structure 3, and the built-in blade structure 4 divides the internal space of the curved trough structure 3 to present the grid groove 5.

[0020] In order to connect the curved groove structure 3 and the rectangular connection structure 7 , a transition structure 6 is provided between the two.

[0021] The bucket teeth for tunnel excavators in soft rock can directly reduce or control the disturbance of excavation to the soft rock, reduce or control the horizontal fragmentation and vertical collapse of the soft rock, reduce or control the scope and volume of collapse, and reduce or control local overexcavation. Indirectly, they can reduce the amount of initial shotcrete used, conserve materials, and improve economic efficiency. They can also reduce the time required for initial shotcrete application, accelerate the process cycle, increase overall tunneling speed, and improve work efficiency. They can also reduce manual excavation workload and save labor costs. They can also facilitate early and rapid support of tunnels in soft rock, reduce the time the face is in the air, and mitigate safety risks.

[0022] The above shows and describes the main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bucket tooth for a soft rock tunnel excavator, characterized by: The bucket tooth (1) is in the shape of a curved groove with an inwardly concave arc. The bucket tooth (1) is an integrated type and comprises: an arc-shaped inwardly concave blade structure (2), a curved groove structure (3), a built-in blade structure (4), a grid groove (5), a transition structure (6), a rectangular connection structure (7) and a pin hole (8), wherein: The excavation leading end of the bucket tooth (1) is the arc-shaped concave blade structure (2), and the arc-shaped concave blade structure (2) is in the shape of an arc-shaped sharp blade with a thin front edge and a thick rear edge, with a gradual transition in the middle; The curved groove structure (3) is located at the front end of the bucket tooth (1), includes two sides and a bottom, and is in a smooth curved shape. The front end of the curved groove structure (3) is the arc-shaped concave blade structure (2), and the built-in blade structure (4) is provided in the curved groove structure (3); The built-in blade structure (4) is in the shape of a sharp blade with a thin front edge, a thick rear edge and a transition in the middle. The built-in blade structure (4) divides the internal space of the curved groove structure (3) to form the grid groove (5); The rectangular connection structure (7) is located at the end of the bucket tooth (1); the curved groove structure (3) is connected to the rectangular connection structure (7) via the transition structure (6); the rectangular connection structure (7) is provided with the latch hole (8); the latch hole (8) is connected to the excavator tooth seat via a pin shaft.

2. The bucket tooth for a soft rock tunnel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped concave blade structure (2) has a width of 1 to 2 cm.

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