A two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna. Among them, the antenna includes: a ground plane, a first dielectric layer, an AMC structure, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer, an electric dipole disposed above the third dielectric layer, and a magnetic dipole disposed between the third dielectric layer and the ground plane from bottom to top in sequence; the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole are used to generate in-phase current and magnetic current respectively; the electric surface of the AMC structure presents a PEC structure, and the magnetic surface of the AMC structure presents an AMC structure to achieve two-dimensional wide-angle scanning of the antenna array along the X-axis and the Y-axis. At the same time, the antenna in this embodiment has a simple design process, low cost, stable structure, mature processing technology, high yield, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic technologies, phased array antennas have been widely used in recent years in fields such as satellite communications, radar, meteorology, air traffic, earth exploration, space exploration, remote sensing mapping, and 5G communication systems due to their significant features such as flexible beam scanning capabilities, high tracking accuracy, and the ability to adapt to high-speed maneuvers of carriers. However, phased array antennas have a serious drawback, that is, the beam scanning range of the antenna is limited and the gain is high.

[0003] In order to further expand the coverage range of beam scanning, researchers have carried out a lot of related work to break through the bottleneck of limited scanning angles.

[0004] First, we know that an array antenna with a wide scanning angle should have two aspects: one is that the element spacing is as close as possible, and the other is that the element has a wide beam. On this basis, researchers have done a lot of work to enable the phased array antenna to achieve a relatively large scanning range in the electric plane (E-plane) and the magnetic plane (H-plane) respectively, but still can only achieve a wide scanning angle in one dimension. Moreover, the current antenna array design is complex and cannot meet most applications in actual use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention creatively designs an array antenna with in-phase loading of current and magnetic current and adopting a special AMC structure to achieve two-dimensional wide-angle scanning of the array antenna.

[0006] A two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0007] A ground plane, a first dielectric layer, an AMC structure, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer, an electric dipole disposed above the third dielectric layer, and a magnetic dipole disposed between the third dielectric layer and the ground plane, which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence;

[0008] The electric dipole and the magnetic dipole are respectively used to generate current and magnetic current, and the current and the magnetic current are in phase; the AMC structure presents a PEC structure in the electric plane and an AMC structure in the magnetic plane to achieve two-dimensional wide-angle scanning of the antenna array.

[0009] Optionally, the electric dipole is a top patch disposed above the third dielectric layer.

[0010] Optionally, the magnetic dipole includes two bottom patches disposed on the second dielectric layer, copper columns respectively connected to the two bottom patches, and a feeding structure connected to one of the bottom patches, and a certain gap is provided between the two bottom patches.

[0011] Optionally, according to the mirror image principle, the electric dipole loaded with the AMC structure presents one-dimensional wide-angle scanning in the magnetic plane; the magnetic dipole loaded with the PEC structure presents one-dimensional wide-angle scanning in the electric plane.

[0012] Optionally, the angle of the wide-angle scanning is ±75°.

[0013] The current and magnetic current of the array antenna designed by the present invention are in phase. The adopted AMC structure has different structural properties in the E-plane and H-plane, enabling the antenna array to achieve wide-angle scanning along the X-axis and Y-axis directions; at the same time, the antenna design process is simple, the cost is low, the structure is stable, the processing technology is mature, the yield is high, and it is suitable for large-scale production. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic side sectional view of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a top view of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna unit provided by the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a top view of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna loaded with an AMC structure provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5a It is a schematic diagram of the AMC structure provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5b It is an AMC reflection phase diagram provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 It is a top view of the array formation of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna along the Y-axis provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the scanning ability of the Y-axis array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 It is a top view of the array formation of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna along the X-axis provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 9Schematic diagram of the scanning ability of the X-axis phased array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna provided by the present invention.

[0025] Wherein, 1: floor; 2: first dielectric layer; 3: AMC structure; 4: second dielectric layer; 5: third dielectric layer; 6: copper pillar; 7: bottom patch; 8: feeding structure; 9: top patch. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Additionally, it should be noted that for the sake of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than all the structures.

[0027] Embodiment

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, Figure 1 Schematic side sectional view of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna provided by the present invention. The antenna includes: a floor 1, a first dielectric layer 2, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a third dielectric layer 5, an electric dipole 9 disposed above the third dielectric layer, and a magnetic dipole disposed between the third dielectric layer and the floor.

[0029] Wherein, the electric dipole is a top patch 9 disposed above the third dielectric layer. The magnetic dipole includes two bottom patches 7 disposed on the second dielectric layer, copper pillars 6 respectively connected to the two bottom patches, and a feeding structure 8 connected to one of the bottom patches. A certain gap is provided between the two bottom patches.

[0030] The working mechanism of the antenna is as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown. The top patch generates the required current JE through the radiation of the bottom patch. The bottom structure is a magnetic dipole (6, 7, 8). The magnetic dipole generates an electric field E at the gap between the two bottom patches. According to the equivalent theory, the electric field generated at the gap is equivalent to a magnetic current JM along the negative X-axis direction perpendicular to the electric field. Since the top patch is a simple electric dipole, its current direction JE is also along the negative X-axis, so that the current and the magnetic current are in phase.

[0031] As Figure 4As shown, an AMC structure is loaded at the bottom layer of the antenna element. The AMC structure and the reflection phase adopted in the embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b. The AMC structure adopted in this embodiment can exhibit different characteristics along different directions. Along the X-axis, the AMC will exhibit the characteristics of an artificial magnetic conductor and a perfect electric conductor (PEC) structure. According to the mirror principle, the combination of a magnetic dipole and a PEC structure will exhibit E-plane wide-angle scanning; the AMC structure designed along the Y-axis will exhibit the characteristics of a common AMC; according to the mirror principle, the combination of the AMC structure and the ground plane will exhibit PMC characteristics, and an electric dipole will exhibit wide-angle scanning in the H-plane.

[0032] Figure 6 FIG. [X] is a top view of the array formation of a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna provided by the present invention along the Y-axis. At this time, the top-layer electric dipoles of the antenna are arrayed in the H-plane, and the bottom-layer magnetic dipoles are arrayed in the E-plane, and will exhibit wide-angle scanning characteristics along the Y-axis direction. Figure 7 FIG. [X] is a schematic diagram of the scanning ability of the Y-axis array antenna provided by the embodiments of the present invention. Further refer to Figure 8 , at this time, the special AMC structure along the X-axis direction will be equivalent to a common ground plane. When the antenna designed in the embodiments of the present invention is arrayed along the X-axis, it will exhibit wide-angle scanning characteristics of ±75°. Specifically refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 FIG. [X] is a schematic diagram of the scanning ability of the X-axis array antenna of the present invention.

[0033] Exemplarily, a two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna is as shown in Figure 10 . The current and magnetic current of this antenna are loaded in phase, and a special AMC structure is adopted. Specifically, this antenna array is composed of 8×8 units. The design of the top patch and the bottom magnetic dipole of the antenna makes the current and magnetic current in phase; a special AMC structure is loaded at the bottom of the antenna. The AMC structure shown in the embodiments of the present invention will produce different characteristics in different directions. It will exhibit PEC characteristics in the E-plane array of the magnetic dipole, and will exhibit the properties of the AMC structure in the H-plane array of the electric dipole. According to the mirror principle, the combination of the magnetic dipole and the PEC will perform wide-angle scanning in the E-plane; the combination of the AMC structure and the ground plane will exhibit PMC characteristics, and the combination of the electric dipole and the PMC will perform wide-angle scanning in the H-plane. Since the current and magnetic current of the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present invention are in phase, and through loading on a special AMC structure, as shown in Figure 10 , in the E-plane array of the magnetic dipole and the H-plane array of the electric dipole of the antenna designed along the Y-axis direction, and the designed AMC structure will exhibit different characteristics according to different antenna forms, so it will exhibit wide-angle scanning characteristics along the Y-axis direction; along the X-axis direction, the designed AMC structure will exhibit the properties of PEC. At this time, the designed antenna itself has wide-angle scanning characteristics of ±75°, and the special AMC structure will not affect the performance of the antenna array. In summary, the designed antenna will exhibit two-dimensional wide-angle scanning characteristics. Please note that the specific figure numbers in the translation are replaced with placeholders like [X] as the original figure numbers are not provided in the question. You can replace them with the actual figure numbers according to the original document.

[0034] Note that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Various obvious changes, re-adjustments, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments only. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, it can also include more other equivalent embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna, characterized in that Including: A floor, a first dielectric layer, an AMC structure, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer, an electric dipole disposed above the third dielectric layer, and a magnetic dipole disposed between the third dielectric layer and the floor, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; The electric dipole and the magnetic dipole are respectively used to generate current and magnetic current, and the current and the magnetic current are in phase; The AMC structure presents a PEC structure on the electric plane and an AMC structure on the magnetic plane to achieve two-dimensional wide-angle scanning of the antenna array; The magnetic dipole includes two bottom patches disposed on the second dielectric layer, copper posts respectively connected to the two bottom patches, and a feeding structure connected to one of the bottom patches, and a certain gap is provided between the two bottom patches.

2. The two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna according to claim 1, wherein The electric dipole is a top patch disposed above the third dielectric layer.

3. The two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to the mirror image principle, the electric dipole loaded with the AMC structure presents one-dimensional wide-angle scanning on the magnetic plane; the magnetic dipole loaded with the PEC structure presents one-dimensional wide-angle scanning on the electric plane.

4. The two-dimensional wide-angle scanning array antenna according to claim 1, wherein The angle of the wide-angle scanning is ±75°.

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