A battery cluster parallel circulating capacitance inductance module control circuit

Abstract

This invention relates to a capacitor-inductor module control circuit for parallel circulating current of battery clusters. The control circuit includes a first battery cluster series, a second battery cluster series, a shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, and a control circuit module. The first and second battery cluster series are connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of an energy storage converter. The shared capacitor-inductor balancing module is connected to both the first and second battery cluster series and, under the control of the control circuit module, performs charge transfer balancing between each battery cluster in the first and second battery cluster series. This invention can perform direct differential balancing of each battery cluster in two parallel battery clusters, and it is a direct charge balancing between battery clusters in parallel, eliminating the need for pre-charging and saving pre-charging time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power balancing technology, specifically to a control circuit for a capacitor-inductor module with parallel circulating current in a battery cluster. Background Technology

[0002] Since the capacity of a single battery cluster is limited, multiple battery clusters need to be connected in parallel to form an energy storage battery cluster system to meet the actual working capacity requirements. Furthermore, due to manufacturing processes, the characteristics of these battery clusters will inevitably differ. When the energy storage battery cluster system undergoes repeated charge-discharge cycles, the initial capacity differences, asymmetrical degradation characteristics, and uneven temperature distribution among the individual battery clusters lead to unavoidable differences in their chemical and electrical properties, resulting in uneven charge-discharge processes.

[0003] Energy storage battery cluster systems typically have multiple parallel energy storage branches, each containing one battery cluster used to store electrical energy. However, due to inconsistencies in internal resistance, voltage, and state of charge (SOC) between battery clusters, voltage differences exist between parallel clusters. When multiple battery clusters operate in parallel, circulating currents form between them, meaning electricity flows from the cluster with the higher voltage to the cluster with the lower voltage. When the voltage difference is significant, a large circulating current can form when the battery cluster circuit breaker closes because the internal resistance of the battery clusters is very low. This can damage the energy storage battery cluster system and other components, even burning out fuses and causing serious safety accidents. Therefore, large-scale energy storage battery cluster systems must effectively address the circulating current problem to ensure reliable system operation.

[0004] Therefore, certain balancing measures should be adopted to control the occurrence of circulating currents between battery clusters, thereby increasing the actual usable capacity of the battery clusters and extending their lifespan. Battery cluster balancing circuits are an effective means to reduce the degree of imbalance between battery clusters, prevent the occurrence of circulating currents between battery clusters, increase the usable capacity of battery clusters, and extend cycle life.

[0005] Currently, the parallel circulating current control scheme for battery clusters is achieved by designing a pre-charging circuit on the main circuit of each battery cluster, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0006] 1) If the control circuit determines that the voltage difference between each battery cluster is less than or equal to the set value △V1, and there is no fault alarm in the battery cluster, the operation process of each cluster is as follows: directly close the main relay and circuit breaker of each cluster, and the entire energy storage battery cluster system is put into operation.

[0007] 2) When the voltage difference between each battery cluster is greater than the set value △V1 and less than or equal to the set value △V2, and there is no fault alarm in the battery cluster, the operation process of each cluster is as follows: close the precharge relay and the circuit breaker, enter the circulating current automatic maintenance mode, and when the voltage difference between each cluster is less than or equal to the set value △V1, close the main relay of each cluster, and disconnect the precharge relay after a delay of n seconds.

[0008] 3) If the voltage difference between each battery cluster terminal is greater than the set value △V2, the BMS cannot be powered on normally and manual intervention is required to adjust the battery cluster terminal voltage.

[0009] However, the parallel circulating current pre-charging circuit control scheme for battery clusters has the following problems:

[0010] 1) Before each operation of the energy storage battery cluster system, the pre-charging circuit needs to pre-charge the battery clusters. Only when each battery cluster is pre-charged to the target voltage value can the battery clusters be powered on and connected in parallel. This means that the entire battery cluster system cannot be powered on and connected in parallel immediately each time.

[0011] 2) During the operation of the energy storage battery cluster system, as charging and discharging continue, the inconsistency between the individual battery clusters will gradually increase. When it reaches a certain level, the BMS will issue a warning. At this point, the differences between the clusters are already significant, and the energy storage battery cluster system needs to stop operating. It also needs to work with the PCS and EMS to balance the differences between the battery clusters. During the process of balancing the differences between the battery clusters, the entire energy storage battery cluster system cannot operate normally simultaneously.

[0012] In summary, it can be seen that the key to these problems lies in the fact that the differential balance between battery clusters in the parallel circulating pre-charging circuit control scheme cannot be adjusted and controlled at any time. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a control circuit for a capacitor and inductor module with parallel circulating current of battery clusters.

[0014] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above objectives is: a capacitor-inductor module control circuit for parallel circulating current of battery clusters, including a first battery cluster series, a second battery cluster series, a shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, and a control circuit module; the first battery cluster series and the second battery cluster series are connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of an energy storage converter, the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module is connected to the first battery cluster series and the second battery cluster series, and performs power transfer balancing between each battery cluster in the first battery cluster series and the second battery cluster series under the control of the control circuit module.

[0015] The first battery cluster series includes several parallel first battery cluster branches; each first battery cluster branch includes a first positive circuit breaker, a first battery cluster, and a first negative circuit breaker connected in series, and also includes a first state switching module; one end of the first positive circuit breaker is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage converter, and the other end is connected to the first battery cluster and the first state switching module; the other end of the first state switching module is connected to the first positive terminal of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module; the other end of the first battery cluster is connected to the first negative circuit breaker and the first negative terminal of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module; and the other end of the first negative circuit breaker is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage converter.

[0016] The first state switching module includes two unidirectional MOS transistors connected in reverse parallel, and the gates of the unidirectional MOS transistors are connected to the control circuit module.

[0017] The second battery cluster series includes several parallel second battery cluster branches; each second battery cluster branch includes a second positive circuit breaker, a second battery cluster, and a second negative circuit breaker connected in series, and also includes a second state switching module; one end of the second positive circuit breaker is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage converter, and the other end is connected to the second battery cluster and the second state switching module; the other end of the second state switching module is connected to the second positive terminal of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module; the other end of the second battery cluster is connected to the second negative circuit breaker and the second negative terminal of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module; and the other end of the second negative circuit breaker is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage converter.

[0018] The second state switching module includes two unidirectional MOS transistors connected in reverse parallel, and the gates of the unidirectional MOS transistors are connected to the control circuit module.

[0019] The shared capacitor-inductor balancing module includes a first unidirectional MOSFET, a second unidirectional MOSFET, a third unidirectional MOSFET, a fourth unidirectional MOSFET, a fifth unidirectional MOSFET, a sixth unidirectional MOSFET, a seventh unidirectional MOSFET, an eighth unidirectional MOSFET, a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a fourth inductor, a third state switching module, a fourth state switching module, and a capacitor. One end of the first unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the first positive terminal, and the other end is connected to the capacitor, the sixth unidirectional MOSFET, and the fifth unidirectional MOSFET. The other end of the fifth unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the first negative terminal, and the other end of the sixth unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the second negative terminal. One end of the second unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the first positive terminal, and the other end is connected to the first inductor. The other end of the first inductor is connected to the capacitor and the third state switching module. The other end of the third state switching module is connected to the third inductor. The other end of the third inductor is connected to the first negative terminal; one end of the fourth unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the second positive terminal, and the other end is connected to a capacitor, a seventh unidirectional MOSFET, and an eighth unidirectional MOSFET. The other end of the eighth unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the second negative terminal, and the other end of the seventh unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the first negative terminal; one end of the third unidirectional MOSFET is connected to the second positive terminal, and the other end is connected to the second inductor. The other end of the second inductor is connected to a capacitor and a fourth state switching module. The other end of the fourth state switching module is connected to the fourth inductor, and the other end of the fourth inductor is connected to the second negative terminal; the gates of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth unidirectional MOSFETs are connected to the control circuit module.

[0020] Both the third and fourth state switching modules include two unidirectional MOS transistors connected in reverse parallel, and the gates of the unidirectional MOS transistors are connected to the control circuit module.

[0021] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This invention divides all battery clusters into two parallel battery cluster series and equips these two parallel battery cluster series with a common capacitor and inductor equalization module. This allows for direct differential equalization of each battery cluster in the two parallel battery clusters. Moreover, it is a direct power equalization between battery clusters in parallel battery clusters, eliminating the need for pre-charging and saving pre-charging time.

[0023] 2. This invention can perform power balancing of parallel battery clusters at any stage of the energy storage battery cluster system's operation, including charging, discharging, and resting, as well as during the non-operational stage of the energy storage battery cluster system. This overcomes the limitation of the battery cluster parallel circulating current pre-charging circuit control scheme, which can only control the parallel circulating current of battery clusters using the pre-charging circuit method when the system is not working.

[0024] 3. Existing battery cluster parallel circulating current pre-charging circuit control schemes require cooperation with PCS and EMS to balance the differences between battery clusters. However, the control of the parallel circulating current of battery clusters in this invention can be carried out without the cooperation of PCS and EMS, and only the cooperation of BMS is needed to complete the target task.

[0025] 4. In existing battery cluster solutions, each battery cluster cannot be directly balanced. However, the circuit solution of this invention uses a shared capacitor and inductor module between two parallel battery cluster series to directly balance the power of each battery cluster in the battery cluster series. It can also achieve flexible direct power balancing between parallel battery clusters, shortening the balancing path and reducing the balancing time.

[0026] 5. In the circuit scheme of this invention, when the power transfer between battery clusters is balanced, the discharge of the battery cluster with high voltage and the charging of the battery cluster with low voltage occur simultaneously, the power flows in both directions, and the difference balance is achieved quickly.

[0027] 6. The circuit scheme of this invention achieves the equalization of differences between battery clusters through power transfer, with almost no power loss during operation and high power utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the shared capacitor-inductor equalization module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a current diagram showing the charging of the energy storage capacitor C by the battery cluster C1 in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a current direction diagram of inductor energy storage and capacitor discharge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a current direction diagram of capacitor energy storage and inductor discharge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of a battery cluster circulating pre-charging circuit control scheme in the prior art. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the control circuit scheme according to the present invention consists of a circuit breaker, a unidirectional MOSFET switch, a shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, and a control circuit, which can realize the control function of parallel circulating current of battery clusters.

[0036] Where E1~E j F1~F j X1~X k Y1~Y k All are unidirectional MOSFET switches, D1~D j M1~M j H1~H k N1~N k Circuit breakers connected in series with each battery cluster; C1~C j B1~B k This is a series of battery clusters connected in parallel.

[0037] First, several battery boxes are connected in series to form a battery cluster, and then several battery clusters are connected in parallel to form the entire energy storage battery cluster system; in this invention, all battery clusters are divided into two series: parallel battery clusters C series C1~C j Parallel battery clusters B series B1~B k Each individual battery cluster is connected in series with a circuit breaker and then to PCS+ and PCS-. For example, the circuit breakers connecting battery cluster C1 to PCS+ and PCS- are circuit breakers D1 and M1, respectively. The positive terminal of all battery clusters connected in parallel is connected to PCS+, and similarly, the negative terminal of all battery clusters connected in parallel is connected to PCS-.

[0038] Parallel battery clusters C series C1~C j Parallel battery clusters B series B1~B k A shared capacitor-inductor balancing module is configured between them, and each battery cluster in these two parallel battery cluster series can form a parallel circuit with the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module.

[0039] The circuit diagram of the shared capacitor-inductor equalization module is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0040] like Figure 2As shown, in the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, the positive and negative terminals on the left side of the module are denoted as L+ and L-, respectively, and the positive and negative terminals on the right side of the module are denoted as R+ and R-, respectively. Unidirectional MOSFET switches S2 and S3 control the operating states of the energy storage inductors L1 and L2 connected in series with them, respectively. Unidirectional MOSFET switches Q1 and Q2 are combined into a back-to-back design to jointly control the operating state of energy storage inductor L3. Similarly, unidirectional MOSFET switches Q3 and Q4 are combined into a back-to-back design to jointly control the operating state of energy storage inductor L4.

[0041] Unidirectional MOSFET switches E1~E j F1~F j X1~X k Y1~Y k The operating status of each battery cluster in the series connection and the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module are controlled separately. Parallel battery clusters, C series, C1~C j Each battery cluster can form a parallel circuit with the positive and negative terminals on the left side of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, and the parallel battery clusters are B1 to B1. k Each battery cluster can form a parallel circuit with the positive and negative terminals on the right side of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module. The parallel battery clusters C series and B series are located on the left and right sides of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, respectively.

[0042] For example, in the parallel battery cluster C series, battery cluster C j The unidirectional MOSFET switch E on the right side j F j Joint control of battery cluster C j The positive circuit of the battery cluster C series is connected to the left positive terminal L+ of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module. The negative terminals of all battery clusters in the parallel battery cluster C series are collinear and then connected to the left negative terminal L- of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module. In the parallel battery cluster B series, battery cluster B... k The unidirectional MOSFET switch X on the left k Y k Joint control of battery cluster B k The positive circuit of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module is connected to the right positive terminal R+ of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module. After the negative terminals of all battery clusters in the B series are collinear, they are connected to the right negative terminal R- of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module.

[0043] In this invention's circuit design, all electrical components are controlled by a control circuit. The control circuit can control the unidirectional MOSFET switches E1 to E2. j F1~F j X1~X k Y1~Y k and circuit breakers D1 to D j M1~Mj H1~H k N1~N k It can control the switching on and off of circuits, manage the working logic between them, monitor the working status of the entire circuit system in real time, and make judgments and processes on timely information.

[0044] The circuit of this invention operates by using a shared capacitor-inductor balancing module between parallel battery clusters C series and B series to achieve balanced charge transfer between each battery cluster within these two parallel battery cluster series. For example, battery cluster C1 of parallel battery cluster C series can be directly balanced with any battery cluster in parallel battery cluster B series through the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module.

[0045] The following section details the specific implementation process of the circuit scheme of this invention, taking the energy transfer process in the entire energy storage battery system as an example:

[0046] To improve balancing efficiency, priority is given to balancing the charge transfer between the highest-voltage and lowest-voltage battery clusters. The specific balancing steps are as follows:

[0047] Assume that the voltage of battery cluster C1 in series C of parallel battery clusters is higher than that of battery cluster B in series B of parallel battery clusters. k The voltage value is high, and battery cluster C1 is the highest voltage battery cluster in the parallel battery cluster C series. Battery cluster B k It is the lowest voltage battery cluster in the B series of parallel battery clusters, and these two battery clusters can be prioritized for balancing.

[0048] Step 1: The control circuit turns on the unidirectional MOSFET switches E1, S2, and Q3 on the right side of battery cluster C1 in the parallel battery cluster C series. This creates a current path between the positive terminal of battery cluster C1, energy storage inductor L1, energy storage capacitor C, and energy storage inductor L4. Since one end of energy storage capacitor C is at zero voltage (the other end is the positive terminal of battery cluster C1), a voltage difference exists across capacitor C. Battery cluster C1 will release charge to energy storage capacitor C, with a charging current of I, eventually fully charging capacitor C. In this way, a portion of the charge in battery cluster C1 is transferred and stored in energy storage capacitor C. During this process, only energy storage capacitor C stores charge; energy storage inductors L1 and L4 do not store charge.

[0049] The current diagram of battery cluster C1 charging energy storage capacitor C is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0050] Step 2: After the power transfer in Step 1, the energy storage capacitor C is fully charged. The control circuit keeps the unidirectional MOSFET switches E1 and S2 on the right side of battery cluster C1 in the parallel battery cluster C series, and Q3 off. Switches S4, S5, and Q4 are also turned on. The parallel battery cluster B series battery cluster B... kThe unidirectional MOSFET switch X on the left k Both are conducting. At this time, the current I1 flowing out of battery cluster C1 stores energy in inductor L1; the discharge current I2 of capacitor C stores energy in inductor L4, and simultaneously supplies energy to battery cluster B of the parallel battery series B. k Charging and transferring of electrical energy. Discharging of battery cluster C1 in the parallel battery cluster C series and battery cluster B in the parallel battery cluster B series. k Charging occurs simultaneously, with energy flowing in both directions.

[0051] The current direction diagrams for inductor energy storage and capacitor discharge are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0052] Step 3: As the charging of inductor L1 and discharging of capacitor C by battery cluster C1 in step 2 occur simultaneously, both the charging current I1 and the discharging current I2 will gradually increase to their peak values. At this time, unidirectional MOSFET switches E1 and S2, and unidirectional MOSFET switch E1 on the right side of battery cluster C1 remain on. Unidirectional MOSFET switch S5 is closed, and switches S7, S4, Q4, and battery cluster B are on. k The unidirectional MOSFET switch X on the left k Both remain in the conducting state. At this time, the induced electromotive force of battery cluster C1 and inductor L1 adds up to charge capacitor C, with a charging current I1, and capacitor C stores energy; inductor L4 releases the energy stored in step 2 above, and its discharge current I2 flows to battery cluster B. k Charging and transferring of electrical energy. Discharging of battery cluster C1 in the parallel battery cluster C series and battery cluster B in the parallel battery cluster B series. k Charging occurs simultaneously, with energy flowing in both directions.

[0053] The current direction diagrams for capacitor energy storage and inductor discharge are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0054] Step 4: As the induced electromotive force of battery cluster C1 and inductor L1 adds up to charge capacitor C and inductor L4 discharges simultaneously in step 3, both the charging current I1 and the discharging current I2 will gradually decrease from their peak currents to zero. Capacitor C has stored energy. At this time, turn off unidirectional MOSFET switches S7, S2, S4, Q4, and the unidirectional MOSFET switch E1 on the right side of battery cluster C1, and battery cluster B. k The unidirectional MOSFET switch X on the left k .

[0055] Steps 1-4 above constitute a complete capacitor-inductor module charge balancing and transfer process. To continue the charge transfer, follow steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 in sequence.

[0056] After several power transfers in steps 1 to 4 above, battery cluster C1 in the parallel battery cluster C series can be compared with battery cluster B in the parallel battery cluster B series. kHalf of the excess power is transferred to battery cluster B. k In this way, battery cluster C1 in the parallel battery cluster C series and battery cluster B in the parallel battery cluster B series are ultimately connected. k The stored electrical energy is the same, and the voltage is basically the same.

[0057] Similarly, by following steps 1 to 4 above, the direct transfer and balancing of power between any two battery clusters in the parallel battery cluster C series and the parallel battery cluster B series can be achieved, thereby ultimately achieving power consistency among all battery clusters in the parallel battery cluster.

[0058] The power balancing in the circuit scheme of this invention is achieved by power transfer. There is almost no power loss during the balancing process, which greatly improves the efficiency of power balancing and power utilization. It can maximize the capacity utilization of parallel battery clusters and extend the cycle life of the entire battery energy storage system.

[0059] In summary, the working principle of the capacitor-inductor module control circuit scheme for parallel circulating current of battery clusters is to transfer excess power from high-voltage battery clusters to low-voltage battery clusters through the transfer function of the shared capacitor-inductor module, thereby achieving voltage consistency among the battery clusters and avoiding the generation of circulating current between series-connected battery clusters in parallel circuits. Power transfer between battery clusters can occur during the charging, discharging, and resting phases of the battery clusters during operation, as well as when the battery cluster system is not in operation.

Claims

1. A control circuit for a capacitor-inductor module with parallel circulating current in a battery cluster, characterized in that: include A battery cluster is composed of several battery boxes connected in series, and several battery clusters are connected in parallel to form the entire energy storage battery cluster system. The battery clusters include battery cluster one (C) series and battery cluster two (B) series. A circuit breaker assembly for series connection with the battery cluster, comprising circuit breaker one (D) connected in series to the connection line between the battery cluster of series one (C) and PCS+, circuit breaker two (M) connected in series to the connection line between the battery cluster of series one (C) and PCS+, circuit breaker three (H) connected in series to the connection line between the battery cluster of series two (B) and PCS+, and circuit breaker four (N) connected in series to the connection line between the battery cluster of series one (C) and PCS+. A shared capacitor-inductor balancing module is configured between the battery clusters of the first (C) series and the second (B) series. Each battery cluster in the two parallel battery cluster series can form a parallel circuit with the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, and it includes several energy storage inductors (L) and one energy storage capacitor. A unidirectional MOSFET switch assembly, which consists of a plurality of unidirectional MOSFET switches, including unidirectional MOSFET switch one (E), unidirectional MOSFET switch two (F), unidirectional MOSFET switch three (X), unidirectional MOSFET switch four (Y) which control the working state of each battery cluster in the series battery cluster and the common capacitor-inductor balancing module, and unidirectional MOSFET switch six (S) and unidirectional MOSFET switch five (Q) which are connected in series with the energy storage inductor (L); The five unidirectional MOS transistor switches (Q) are arranged in parallel back-to-back in pairs to jointly control the working state of the energy storage inductor L. Each battery cluster of the first (C) series connected in parallel can form a parallel circuit with the positive and negative terminals on the left side of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, and each battery cluster of the second (B) series connected in parallel can form a parallel circuit with the positive and negative terminals on the right side of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module. The first (C) series and the second (B) series of parallel batteries are located on the left and right sides of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module, respectively.

2. The control circuit for a capacitor-inductor module with parallel circulating current in a battery cluster according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the battery cluster one (C) series, the unidirectional MOSFET switch one (E) and unidirectional MOSFET switch two (F) connected in series on the right side of each battery cluster are designed in parallel back-to-back, and jointly control the working state of the positive circuit of battery cluster one (C) and the common capacitor-inductor balancing module. They are connected to the left positive terminal L+ of the common capacitor-inductor balancing module, and the negative terminals of all battery clusters in the battery cluster one (C) series are connected in parallel and collinear, and then connected to the left negative terminal L- of the common capacitor-inductor balancing module.

3. The control circuit for a capacitor-inductor module with parallel circulating current in a battery cluster according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the battery cluster two (B) series, the unidirectional MOS transistor switch three (X) and unidirectional MOS transistor switch four (Y) connected in series on the left side of each battery cluster are designed in parallel back-to-back, and jointly control the working state of the positive circuit of battery cluster two (B) and the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module. They are connected to the positive terminal R+ of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module on the right side. After the negative terminals of all battery clusters in the battery cluster two (B) series are collinear, they are connected to the negative terminal R- of the shared capacitor-inductor balancing module on the right side.

4. The control circuit for a capacitor-inductor module with parallel circulating current in a battery cluster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit breaker assembly and the unidirectional MOSFET switch assembly are both controlled to be turned off and on by the control circuit, which can handle the control logic relationship, monitor the working status of the entire circuit system in real time, and make judgments and processes on timely information.

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