Compact laser beam combiner with microprism reflector

Abstract

The invention provides a light generating device (1000) comprising (i) a number n of light sources (100) and (ii) an optical assembly (1200) comprising an array (200) of prismatic elements (300), wherein: (a) the number n of light sources (100) comprises a first subset of one or more first light sources (110) configured to generate collimated first light source light (111) and a second subset (120) of one or more second light sources configured to generate collimated second light source light (121), wherein n > 2; (b) the array (200) of prismatic elements (300) is configured in light receiving relationship with the n light sources (100), wherein the array of prismatic elements (300) comprises ki number of first prismatic faces (201) arranged in parallel and k2 number of second prismatic faces (202) arranged in parallel, wherein ki > 2 and wherein k2 > 2, wherein the first prismatic faces (201) and the second prismatic faces (202) are not parallel to each other; (c) the first light sources (110) are configured to illuminate the first prismatic faces (201) and the second light sources (120) are configured to illuminate the second prismatic faces (202); and (d) the prismatic elements (300) are configured to reflect or refract the collimated first light source light (111) and the collimated second light source light (121) into a coinciding light beam of the first light source light (111) and the second light source light (121).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a light generating device and a luminaire comprising such a light generating device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Devices and methods for combining laser beams are known in the art. For example, US2014 / 0092364 describes first and second laser light sources outputting first white laser beams having a first polarization and second white laser beams having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. The embodiments of US2014 / 0092364 further utilize a multi-narrowband polarization beam splitter positioned to receive the first and second white laser beams described above to combine the first and second polarizations, operating as a beam combiner. Further, US2014 / 0092364 describes a projection system having two laser light sources arranged to output two sets of laser beams having polarizations orthogonal to each other, and a multi-narrowband polarization beam splitter positioned at an angle of about 45° between the first and second laser beams. The laser beam sets can be provided at multiple wavelengths, for three or more primary colors; red, green and blue or more. SUMMARY

[0003] While white LED light sources can provide intensities of up to about 300 lm / mm 2 ; static phosphor converted laser white light sources can provide intensities of up to about 20.000 lm / mm 2 . Ce doped garnets (e.g. YAG, LuAG) can be the most suitable luminescence converters that can be used with a pumping blue laser, as the garnet host has very high chemical stability. Further, at low Ce concentrations (e.g. below 0.5%), temperature quenching can only occur above about 200°C. Further, the emission from Ce has a very fast decay time, such that optical saturation can be substantially avoided. In applications such as automotive, a correlated color temperature higher than about 5000 K at low CRI can be desirable. However, in other applications, e.g. light sources with high CRI (e.g. at least 90) and a relatively low CCT (e.g. maximum 3000 K) can be desirable. For example, in certain applications, an intensity higher than 1 GCd / m 2 at CRI > 90 and a lower CCT < 3000 K can seem desirable. The addition of a red phosphor can be useful for good color rendering and / or R9. However, it seems that such phosphors generally cannot withstand high pump power, and / or show thermal quenching, and / or show degradation.

[0004] With focused blue laser diode pumping of ceramic phosphor it is possible to create light sources that for example have a brightness of about 10-20 times a phosphor converted white LED, thus enabling more compact beam angle point or miniaturized luminaire. It seems possible to provide a relatively small narrow beam light source consisting of a blue laser diode and a ceramic cerium doped garnet fluorescent plate. To generate the desired lumen flux the light of a single blue diode laser can not be enough as it can be limited to about 5W per chip. Combining the beams of several blue laser diodes can be a solution. However, to generate the desired color point the light of the blue laser is (partly) wavelength converted with a phosphor which seems useful if no red (laser) light needs to be added to achieve high color rendering. In such embodiments it can be necessary to combine the beams of red and blue laser diodes. Beam combining methods can for example be based on multi-core optical fibers, patch reflectors or polarization and dichroic filters. In such systems it seems possible to combine tens to hundreds of diode lasers. However, these systems look very complex and can contain expensive components. More efficient solutions are needed to combine the beams of for example two or more laser diodes.

[0005] It is therefore an aspect of the present invention to provide an alternative light generating device that preferably further at least partially obviates one or more of above-described drawbacks. It can be an aim of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a light generating device ("device" or "illumination device") comprising (i) a number n of light sources and (ii) an optical assembly comprising an array of prismatic elements. In particular, the number n of light sources can comprise a first subset of one or more first light sources configured to generate collimated first light source light and a second subset of one or more second light sources configured to generate collimated second light source light. Moreover, in particular, n > 2. In embodiments, the array of prismatic elements can be configured in light receiving relationship with the n light sources. In particular, the array of prismatic elements comprises ki parallel arranged first prismatic faces and k2 parallel arranged second prismatic faces. In embodiments, ki > 1, more in particular ki > 2. Alternatively or additionally, in embodiments k2 > 1, more in particular k2 > 2. In particular embodiments, the first prismatic faces and the second prismatic faces are not parallel to each other. Moreover, in particular embodiments, the first light sources are configured to illuminate the first prismatic faces and the second light sources are configured to illuminate the second prismatic faces. In particular, in embodiments, the prismatic elements are configured to reflect or refract the collimated first light source light and the collimated second light source light, in particular as a coinciding light beam of the first light source light and the second light source light. In particular, the light generating device is configured to generate device light, which can comprise one or more of the first light source light and the second light source light, and, if the light generating device further comprises a luminescent material configured to convert at least a part of one or more of the first light source light and the second light source light, optionally also luminescent material light. Thus, in particular embodiments, the application provides a light generating device comprising (i) a number n of light sources and (ii) an optical assembly comprising an array of prismatic elements, wherein: (a) the number n of light sources comprises a first subset of one or more first light sources configured to generate collimated first light source light and a second subset of one or more second light sources configured to generate collimated second light source light, wherein n > 2; (b) the array of prismatic elements is configured in light receiving relationship with the n light sources, wherein the array of prismatic elements comprises ki parallel arranged first prismatic faces and k2 parallel arranged second prismatic faces, wherein ki > 1, more in particular wherein ki > 2, and wherein k2 > 1, more in particular wherein k2 > 2, wherein the first prismatic faces and the second prismatic faces are not parallel to each other; (c) the first light sources are configured to illuminate the first prismatic faces and the second light sources are configured to illuminate the second prismatic faces; and (d) the prismatic elements are configured to reflect or refract the collimated first light source light and the collimated second light source light as a coinciding light beam of the collimated first light source light and the collimated second light source light. The coinciding light beam of the collimated first light source light and the collimated second light source light is emitted from the light generating device.Thus, the device light generated by the light generating device can in embodiments comprise or in embodiments essentially consist of a coinciding light beam of the (collimated) first light source light and the (collimated) second light source light. Thus, in embodiments, the light generating device comprises a light beam combiner. The light generating device is arranged to generate white light having a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 2700 K to 6500 K and having a color rendering index of at least 80.

[0007] With such a device, two or more collimated light beams, such as in particular two or more collimated laser beams, can be combined. Thus, with such a device, a high intensity radiation can be provided. Further, with such a device, a relatively uniform distribution of the two or laser beams can be created on top of the resulting (device) light beam. Further, in particular, the (collimated) laser light can remain (strictly) collimated. Further, with such a device, the beams of various lasers can be interleaved, in embodiments even without overlap and / or without dark gaps. Further, the polarization state of the laser beams can also be preserved. In embodiments, the device can be used to combine essentially identical (laser) light sources, thereby providing a coinciding light beam of the light source light of such (laser) light sources. This can provide a high intensity device light beam, which in particular embodiments can be essentially monochromatic. However, in other embodiments, at least a part of the first light source light and / or at least a part of the second light source light can be converted (into luminescent material light) by the luminescent material. Further, in embodiments, white light can be provided, which has a relatively high intensity and a relatively wide range of correlated color temperatures and a relatively high color rendering index, such as at least 75, even about 80, or even higher, e.g. at least 85, even at least 90. The light generating device (thus) can also be indicated as a light beam combining device or can comprise such a light beam combiner.

[0008] As indicated above, the light generating device is configured to generate device light comprising one or more of the first light source light and the second light source light and optionally also luminescent material light. To this end, the light generating device comprises the first light source, the second light source and optionally the luminescent material. In particular embodiments, the light generating device is configured to generate device light comprising essentially only luminescent material light. In such embodiments, essentially all of the first light source light and the second light source light can be converted into luminescent material light (and optionally converted into heat).

[0009] In the following, first some aspects related to the first light source and the second light source are described, then some aspects related to the optional luminescent material are described.

[0010] The apparatus comprises a number n of light sources. Here, the term "n light sources" particularly refers to at least 2 light sources. Thus, n > 2. However, in particular embodiments, there can be more than two light sources, e.g. 4, 16 or more, e.g. at least 32, or at least 64, or even more.

[0011] In embodiments, the plurality of light sources comprises a first subset of one or more first light sources and a second subset of one or more second light sources. These subsets of light sources can provide radiation to different prismatic faces. See also below. However, when the prismatic faces are large and / or elongated, the plurality of light sources can provide radiation to the same prismatic face. However, here, the fact that there are at least two subsets of light sources particularly refers to embodiments in which the two subsets of light sources provide radiation to different (types) of prismatic faces (see also below). However, there can be more than two subsets of light sources. Each subset of light sources can provide radiation to a respective type of prismatic face. However, in embodiments, there can also be two or more subsets of more than two subsets of light sources that can handle the same type of prismatic face (e.g. first prismatic faces or second prismatic faces, etc.).

[0012] Each subset can comprise one or more light sources. In particular embodiments, one or more of the at least two subsets of light sources comprises a plurality of light sources. For example, as further elucidated in embodiments below, one or more of the at least two subsets of light sources, such as each of the at least two subsets of light sources, comprises a plurality of laser light sources.

[0013] Typically, all light sources in a subset can provide radiation with substantially the same spectral power distribution. For example, each light source in a subset can comprise a solid state light source of the same bin. By the present invention, the light beams of these light sources can be combined.

[0014] The first subset of light sources and the second subset of light sources can generate respective radiation having different spectral power distributions. However, in yet another embodiment, the first subset of light sources and the second subset of light sources can generate respective radiation having substantially the same spectral power distribution. Yet, in particular, in (particular) embodiments, the one or more first light sources of the first subset can provide radiation having a different spectral power distribution than the one or more second light sources of the second subset, e.g., blue and red light, respectively. Hence, in embodiments, the first light source light and the second light source light can be mutually different. Hence, in embodiments, the first light source and the second light source can be different, as the spectral power distributions can be mutually different. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more first light sources of the first subset of first light sources can provide first light source light having a different spectral power distribution than one or more other first light sources of the first subset of first light sources. Yet alternatively or additionally, the one or more second light sources of the second subset of second light sources can provide second light source light having a different spectral power distribution than one or more other second light sources of the second subset of second light sources. Hence, many combinations of the same light sources and different light sources are possible and can be used to generate the combined light beam.

[0015] When applying light sources having different spectral power distributions, it can be useful to illuminate the prismatic elements in a patterned fashion. In this way, light mixing can be most efficient. However, likewise, when applying light sources having substantially the same spectral power distribution, it can be useful to illuminate the prismatic elements in a patterned fashion.

[0016] Hence, in embodiments, the first subset of one or more first light sources can emit light of the same color (or spectral power distribution). Alternatively or additionally, in embodiments, the second subset of one or more second light sources can emit light of the same color (or spectral power distribution).

[0017] In particular embodiments, the first subset of one or more first light sources can emit light having the same polarization. Alternatively or additionally, in embodiments, the second subset of one or more second light sources can emit light having the same polarization (which can be the same or different than the first light sources of the first subset).

[0018] In embodiments, the first subset of one or more first light sources and the second subset of one or more second light sources can emit light of (substantially) the same color (or spectral power distribution). Such a light beam can be combined with the devices (or light beam combiners) described herein, which is substantially not possible for a dichroic based light combiner.

[0019] In embodiments, the first subset of one or more first light sources and the second subset of one or more second light sources can emit light having (substantially) the same polarization, whereas this is substantially not possible for a polarizer-based light combiner.

[0020] In the following, some aspects related to the first light source and the second light source are discussed.

[0021] In particular embodiments, the color or color point (or spectral power distribution) of the first type of light source light and the second type of light source light can be different when the difference in the respective color points of the first type of light source light and the second type of light source light is at least 0.01 for u’ and / or at least 0.01 for v’, even more particularly at least 0.02 for u’ and / or at least 0.02 for v’. In more particular embodiments, the difference in the respective color points of the first type of light and the second type of light can be at least 0.03 for u’ and / or at least 0.03 for v’. Here, u’ and v’ are the color coordinates of the light in the CIE 1976 UCS (Uniform Chromaticity Scale) diagram.

[0022] As mentioned above, in embodiments, the light generating device can comprise a first light source configured to generate first light source light, such as in embodiments a first light source light that is blue. Hence, in embodiments, the first light source light can have a color point that is blue.

[0023] The first light source comprises a first laser light source. The first laser light source is in particular configured to generate first laser light source light. In embodiments, the first light source light can substantially consist of the first laser light source light. Hence, in embodiments, the first light source is a first laser light source. In embodiments, the term “first light source” can also refer to a plurality of identical first light sources. In embodiments, a set of first laser light sources can be applied. Alternatively or additionally, the term “first light source” can also refer to a plurality of different first light sources. In embodiments, the term “first laser light source” can also refer to a plurality of identical first laser light sources. Alternatively or additionally, the term “first laser light source” can also refer to a plurality of different first laser light sources.

[0024] As mentioned above, in embodiments, the light generating device can comprise a second light source configured to generate second light source light, such as in embodiments a second light source light that is red. Hence, in embodiments, the second light source light can have a color point that is red.

[0025] Specifically, the second light source includes a second laser light source. The second laser light source is specifically configured to generate second laser light. In embodiments, the second light source light may consist substantially of second laser light. Therefore, in embodiments, the second light source is a second laser light source. In embodiments, the term "second light source" may also refer to multiple identical second light sources. In embodiments, a set of second laser light sources may be applied. Alternatively or additionally, the term "second light source" may also refer to multiple different second light sources. In embodiments, the term "second laser light source" may also refer to multiple identical second laser light sources.

[0026] Here, the term "violet light" or "violet emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 380-440 nm. The term "blue light" or "blue emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 440-495 nm (including some violet and cyan hues). The term "green light" or "green emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 495-570 nm. The term "yellow light" or "yellow emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 570-590 nm. The term "orange light" or "orange emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 590-620 nm. The term "amber" may refer to one or more wavelengths selected from the range of approximately 585-605 nm (e.g., approximately 590-600 nm). The term "red light" or "red emission" specifically refers to light with wavelengths in the range of approximately 615-780 nm (more specifically, 620-780 nm). The term "pink light" or "pink emission" refers to light having both blue and red components. The terms “visible,” “visible light,” or “visible emission” and similar terms refer to one or more wavelengths of light in the range of approximately 380–780 nm.

[0027] The terms “light” and “radiation” are used interchangeably herein unless the context clearly indicates that the term “light” refers only to visible light. The terms “light” and “radiation” can therefore refer to UV radiation, visible light, and IR radiation. In certain embodiments, particularly for lighting applications, the terms “light” and “radiation” refer to visible light.

[0028] Furthermore, the term "first light source" in this article may also refer to one or more first light sources. Similarly, the term "second light source" may refer to one or more second light sources, and so on.

[0029] Therefore, phrases such as "a plurality of n light sources comprising a first subset of one or more first light sources and a second subset of one or more second light sources" or "a plurality of n light sources comprising a first subset of one or more first light sources and a second subset of one or more second light sources, wherein the first subset of the one or more first light sources is configured to generate first light source light, and the first subset of the one or more first light sources is configured to generate second light source light" and similar phrases can refer to embodiments in which only two subsets exist, but can also refer to two or more light source subsets in embodiments. In a particular embodiment, three or more different light source subsets may exist. For example, a first subset of the first light sources may be configured to generate blue first light source light, a second subset of the second light sources may be configured to generate red second light source light, and a third subset of the third light sources may be configured to generate amber or cyan third light source light. Alternatively, in an embodiment, a first subset of the first light source can be configured to generate blue first light source light, a second subset of the second light source can be configured to generate red second light source light, a third subset of the third light source can be configured to generate amber third light source light, and a fourth subset of the fourth light source can be configured to generate cyan fourth light source light.

[0030] Specifically, a first subset of one or more first light sources is configured to generate collimated first light source light. Furthermore, a second subset of one or more second light sources is also configured to generate collimated second light source light. For this purpose, optional (collimating) optics can be applied. Such optics can consist of one or more first light sources and / or one or more second light sources. Examples of suitable optics for collimation are lenses, collimators, and parabolic reflectors. Therefore, the collimator element can include one or more of lenses, collimators, and parabolic reflectors. In particular, parabolic reflectors can be used because they allow for a compact design of the light generating device.

[0031] In embodiments, the (laser) source beam can be relatively highly collimated, such as ≤2° (FWHM) in embodiments, more particularly ≤1° (FWHM), and most particularly ≤0.5° (FWHM). Therefore, ≤2° (FWHM) can be considered (highly) collimated source light. Optical devices can be used to provide this (high) collimation (see also above).

[0032] In a particular embodiment, the first light source may include a first laser source configured to generate a first laser light source and a (first) collimating element configured to provide collimated first laser light source light. Alternatively or additionally, the second light source may include a second laser source configured to generate a second laser light source and a (second) collimating element configured to provide collimated second laser light source light. Thus, in an embodiment, a collimator may be configured downstream of each laser source to collimate the laser light source light (and provide collimated light source light). This can provide (laser) light source light with a collimation of ≤2° (FWHM) in the embodiment (see also above). Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, the collimator may include a parabolic reflector. Parabolic reflectors can provide good collimation.

[0033] Specifically, for laser diodes, collimation may be required. However, other lasers can provide collimated laser light itself. Therefore, in embodiments, (i) the first light source may include a first laser light source configured to generate first laser light (and optionally, a collimating element configured to provide (further) collimated first (laser) light), and / or (ii) the second light source includes a second laser light source configured to generate second laser light (and optionally, a collimating element configured to provide (further) collimated second (laser) light).

[0034] Therefore, the light source described herein can specifically provide collimated light (see also above). This collimation can be achieved, for example, by using a laser that provides the collimated laser light itself. Alternatively or additionally, this collimation can be achieved, for example, by using a laser that provides less or no collimated laser light in conjunction with a downstream collimating element. In both embodiments, collimated light is provided (in the latter embodiment, it may consist substantially of collimated laser light).

[0035] Furthermore, as described above, the light generating device may include an optical component comprising an array of prism elements. In embodiments, the optical component may consist substantially of this array. Here, the term "array" may refer to at least two prism elements. However, specifically, the array includes at least four, for example, at least eight prism elements. The prism elements may be configured as a one-dimensional array or a two-dimensional array.

[0036] In an embodiment, the prism element includes a triangular prism. One side can be illuminated with light from a first light source and optionally with light from another light source (other than a second light source), while the other side can be illuminated with light from a second light source and optionally with light from another light source (other than a first light source). While a triangular prism is defined as having three flat sides, in this embodiment, the prism element may have non-flat sides, such as curved or faceted sides. Therefore, in an embodiment, the triangular prism may have two (elongated) substantially flat faces and a bottom face (which may also be substantially flat). Alternatively, the two (elongated) faces may have one or more curvatures. However, the cross-section may have an overall triangular shape. The term "faceted" may also be used instead of "face".

[0037] In the case of, for example, prism elements, such elements can (and therefore) be elongated, particularly to the extent that multiple light sources can illuminate a single face. For example, two or more light sources can illuminate the same face. Even more specifically, four or more light sources can illuminate the same face, such as at least eight light sources, or even more.

[0038] In a particular embodiment, at least one dimension (such as height and / or bottom width) of the (multiple) prism elements can be selected from the range of 5 μm to 1 mm (e.g., 5-500 μm). Even more specifically, both the bottom width and height can be selected from the range of μm to 1 mm (e.g., 5-500 μm). In an embodiment, the spacing of the prism element array can be selected from the range of about 5-100 μm, even more specifically from the range of about 5-50 μm. When the spacing is less than about 50 μm, the mixing of different beams may reach a level where possible inhomogeneities may be imperceptible to the human eye.

[0039] As described above, the prism element array is specifically configured to receive light from n light sources. Therefore, the prism element array can be configured downstream of both the first and second light sources (and optionally additional light sources, also see above). The terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the arrangement of items or characteristics of the propagation of light from the light generating component (here, specifically the light source), wherein a second position within the beam closer to the light generating component is "upstream," and a third position within the beam farther from the light generating component is "downstream." In other words, the optical components, particularly the prism element array, can be radiatively coupled to the first and second light sources.

[0040] Specifically, each prism structure includes a first prism facet (or first prism facet) and a second prism facet (or second prism facet) that can be configured to have mutual angles. The first and second prism facests can extend from the base plane (or base facet) and combine at the apex of the prism structure.

[0041] While it is not excluded that different prism elements may exist in terms of different angles, lengths, widths, etc., in certain embodiments, the array comprises substantially the same prism structure, at least in terms of the apex and bottom corners.

[0042] Therefore, in an embodiment, the prism element array includes k1 parallel first prism faces and k2 parallel second prism faces, where k1 ≥ 2 and k2 ≥ 2, wherein the first and second prism faces are not parallel to each other. Specifically, in an embodiment, k1 = k2. For example, when n (substantially identical) prisms are applied, the prism faces can be defined by vertices, with each prism having a first and a second prism face. Therefore, in such an embodiment, n = k1 = k2. Thus, in an embodiment, the first prism faces of different prism elements can be arranged in parallel, and / or the second prism faces of different prism elements can be arranged in parallel (although specifically, the first and second prism faces are not parallel to each other).

[0043] The term "not parallel to each other" can refer to prism surfaces that do not have a mutual angle (γ1) of 0° or 180° (i.e., the first prism surface and the second prism surface). Prism elements can have symmetrical or asymmetrical cross-sections. Therefore, the base angles can be the same or different. In a particular embodiment, the prism surfaces are mirror images.

[0044] As described above, the prism element array can be configured downstream of both the first and second light sources (and optionally additional light sources). Specifically, in embodiments, the first light source is configured to illuminate a first prism surface, and the second light source is configured to illuminate a second prism surface. As mentioned elsewhere, "first" and "second" are used for indication only.

[0045] Essentially, the prism structure and the light source can be configured such that the prism structure refracts or reflects radiation. Furthermore, the prism structure and the light source can be configured such that the first and second light sources can again coincidentally propagate from the prism structure (after reflection or refraction). Thus, in this way, collimated light from different light sources is combined into a single (collimated) beam. This can be achieved by selecting the angle of the illumination beam from the light source and the shape and material of the prism structure (see also below). Therefore, in particular, in embodiments, the prism element can be configured to reflect or refract the collimated first and second light sources into a coincident beam of (collimated) first and (collimated) second light sources. Therefore, device light in embodiments can include a coincident beam of (collimated) first and (collimated) second light sources. See also above for definitions of "collimated" and similar terms. The coincident beams can be substantially parallel. However, the optical axes are not necessarily coincident. However, in particular, the optical axes (downstream of the optical components) are substantially parallel.

[0046] Below, some embodiments are described in more detail.

[0047] In embodiments, the light source, particularly a laser light source, can be thermally coupled to the heat conductor. Alternatively or additionally, a prism element or an optical assembly including a prism element can be thermally coupled to the heat conductor. The heat conductor comprises a thermally conductive material. The heat conductor can include a heat sink element or a radiator element. The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive material can be particularly at least about 20 W / m / K, such as at least about 30 W / m / K, such as at least about 100 W / m / K, particularly at least about 200 W / m / K. Heat sinks are known in the art. The term "heat sink" can particularly refer to a passive heat exchanger that transfers heat generated by a device such as electronic or mechanical equipment to a fluid (cooling) medium (typically air or a liquid coolant). Thus, heat is dissipated (at least partially) from the device. Heat sinks are specifically designed to maximize their surface area in contact with the surrounding fluid cooling medium. Therefore, in particular, a heat sink can include multiple fins. For example, a heat sink can be a body having multiple fins extending therefrom. The heat sink specifically includes (and is more particularly composed of) a thermally conductive material. In embodiments, the heat sink may include, or be composed of, one or more of, copper, aluminum, silver, gold, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, aluminum silicon carbide, beryllium oxide, silicon carbide composites, aluminum silicon carbide, tungsten copper alloy, copper molybdenum carbide, carbon, diamond, and graphite. Alternatively or additionally, the heat sink may include or be composed of alumina. The term "heat sink" may also refer to multiple (different) heat sinks. In embodiments, the light generating device may include a heat conductor in which a plurality of n light sources and prism elements are thermally coupled to the heat conductor.

[0048] The term "thermal contact" can also be used instead of "thermal coupling." If one element can exchange energy through a thermal process, it can be considered to be in thermal contact with another element. In embodiments, thermal contact can be achieved through physical contact. In embodiments, thermal contact can be achieved via thermally conductive materials such as thermally conductive adhesive (or thermally conductive glue). Thermal contact can also be achieved between two elements when they are arranged relative to each other at a distance equal to or less than about 10 μm, although larger distances (e.g., up to 100 μm) are also possible. The shorter the distance, the better the thermal contact. In particular, this distance is 10 μm or less, such as 5 μm or less. This distance can be the distance between two corresponding surfaces of the respective elements.

[0049] In one embodiment, multiple light sources and optical components (also referred to as a "beam combiner") may be arranged on a heat sink. Alternatively, multiple light sources and optical components may be arranged on the same heat sink.

[0050] In embodiments, multiple light sources may be arranged on a printed circuit board. In embodiments, the printed circuit board may include an electrically insulating layer disposed between a substrate and patterned electrodes. In embodiments, the patterned electrodes may be configured to electrically connect a driver to a laser diode. Furthermore, in embodiments, the printed circuit board may be a metal-core printed circuit board. In certain embodiments, multiple light sources and optical components may be arranged on the same printed circuit board (i.e., it can become a laser package). In embodiments, the printed circuit board may be (physically) connected to an external heat sink.

[0051] There are two types of embodiments. The first embodiment can be based on reflection, and the second embodiment can be based on refraction. In the former embodiment, the light from the light source can directly illuminate the facet, and the light from the light source is reflected from the facet. In the latter embodiment, the light from the light source can enter another facet or surface, such as the base surface of a prism element, propagate through the prism element, and be refracted at the first or second facet. Therefore, in these latter embodiments, the first light source can be configured to indirectly illuminate the first prism facet, and the second light source can be configured to indirectly illuminate the second prism facet.

[0052] First, some reflective embodiments will be further explained. Then, some refractive embodiments will be further explained.

[0053] In this embodiment, the prism element is reflective to both the first and second source light. Specifically, the prism surface to which the source light can be reflected is specularly reflective. The prism element can be reflective due to the materials used (such as silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al)). In an alternative embodiment, the prism element may include gold (Au), which can be reflective, for example, in an IR laser. The prism element may also be coated with a reflective coating, such as (other) metal layers, dielectric thin-film reflectors (e.g., stacks of films with different thicknesses and refractive indices), or combinations of two or more of these.

[0054] However, alternatively, other materials, such as (translucent) polymeric materials, can be used. Similarly, light from a light source can be reflected on the surface of the prism structure of the polymeric material.

[0055] Specifically, the prism element is shaped such that the incident angle of the light source is selected such that reflection can be obtained. This is known to those skilled in the art.

[0056] Surprisingly, a particular prism shape provides optimal results in reflecting, mixing, and preventing stray light. In particular, prism-shaped elements with an apex angle of approximately 120° can be useful. Therefore, in embodiments, the first apex angle (γ1) defined by the first and second prism faces of the prism element is selected from the range of 120° ± 15°, particularly 120° ± 10°, and even more particularly 120° ± 5°. The base angle (β1) of the prism face can then be 0.5*(180-γ1) in each embodiment.

[0057] Furthermore, this appears to be useful when the collimated first light source light substantially glides across the second surface (of the plane) to reach or glide across the first surface and / or when the collimated second light source light substantially glides across the first surface to reach the second surface. For smaller or larger angles, the light source light may reflect at other types of surfaces different from the intended surface, resulting in stray light, or may fail to reach the intended surface, resulting in a non-flashing area. Therefore, in particular, the first and second prism surfaces of the prism element have a first base angle (β1) selected from the range of 30° ± 5° relative to the plane (which may be the base plane). In a further specific embodiment, the first light source light has a first optical axis (O1) and the second light source light has a second optical axis (O2), wherein the optical axes (O1, O2) have beam angles (α1, α2) and have a plane equal to or less than the corresponding base angle (β1).

[0058] In some other embodiments, the prism element is refractive for both the first and second source light. The prism element can be refractive due to the materials used. In particular, the material of the prism element is light-transmitting, and more particularly, substantially transparent. For example, a light-transmitting polymer material can be used. Alternatively, glass or quartz (such as optically high-quality glass) can be applied. The first and / or second source light can enter the prism structure via the base plane, propagate through the prism structure, and be refracted at the first or second prism facet. The source light can thus illuminate the first or second prism facet, but only after first propagating from the base plane to such a prism facet. Specifically, the shape of the prism element is chosen such that, and the angle of incidence of the light source is chosen such that refraction is achieved. This is known to those skilled in the art.

[0059] Surprisingly, specific prism shapes provide optimal results in reflecting, mixing, and preventing stray light. In particular, prism-shaped elements with an apex angle of approximately 55° can be useful. Therefore, in embodiments, the first apex angle (γ1) defined by the first and second prism faces of the prism element is selected from the range of 55° ± 15°, particularly from the range of 55° ± 10°, and even more particularly from the range of 55° ± 5°. The base angle of the prism face can then be 0.5*(180-γ1) in each embodiment.

[0060] As described above, in the case of a refractive prism element, optical coupling can occur, for example, via a base surface or a base facet. The incident angle can be selected such that when coupled out via the first facet or the second facet, the emitted light from the first source coincides with the emitted light from the second source. Therefore, in an embodiment, the prism element includes a base surface, wherein the first source light has a first optical axis (O1) and wherein the second source light has a second optical axis (O2), wherein the optical axes (O1, O2) have beam incident angles (θ1, θ2) with respect to the normal (N) of the base surface, the beam incident angles (θ1, θ2) being selected from the range of 45° ± 10°.

[0061] In embodiments, the prism element may be included in or extend from a light-transmitting body. Light from a light source may enter the body elsewhere, propagate to the prism element, and be reflected or refracted. Therefore, in certain embodiments, the light-generating device includes a light-transmitting body in which the prism element is included.

[0062] Here, light-transmitting materials are mentioned in several embodiments. Light-transmitting materials may include one or more materials selected from light-transmitting organic materials, such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PC (polycarbonate), polymethyl methacrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (acrylic glass or acrylic glass), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), silicone, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (in one embodiment including (PETG) (ethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate)), PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), and COC (cyclic olefin copolymer). Specifically, the light-transmitting material may include aromatic polyesters or copolymers thereof, such as polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (P(M)MA), polyglycolic acid or polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyadipate (PEA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene terephthalate (PTT), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); particularly, the light-transmitting material may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Therefore, the light-transmitting material is particularly a polymeric light-transmitting material. However, in another embodiment, the light-transmitting material may include an inorganic material. Specifically, the inorganic light-transmitting material may be selected from glass, (fused) quartz, light-transmitting ceramic materials, and optionally silicone resins. Materials comprising both inorganic and organic components can also be used. Specifically, the light-transmitting material includes one or more of PMMA, transparent PC, or glass. In particular, the light-transmitting material includes polymeric materials. Alternatively, the light-transmitting material includes glass or quartz (such as optically high-quality glass).

[0063] In embodiments, the light generating device may include multiple optical components. In a particular embodiment, the light generating device may be configured to combine beams as a result of the beam combination described herein. Thus, in embodiments, the light generating device includes a cascade of two or more beam optical components.

[0064] In embodiments, the light generating device may include a beam combiner as described herein, but may also include conventional beam combiners, such as those based on multi-core optical fibers, patch reflectors, and / or polarizing and dichroic filters.

[0065] For example, the present invention can provide a beam combiner as defined herein for combining light with a first polarization and light with a second polarization other than the first polarization (by optionally (also) using a polarizer). For example, the present invention can provide a beam combiner as defined herein for combining light having a first spectral distribution and light having a second spectral distribution other than the first spectral distribution using a dichroic mirror. For example, a first beam combiner can be configured to combine blue, a second beam combiner can be configured to combine green, and a third beam combiner can be configured to combine red, and these colors can be combined using dichroic methods.

[0066] In an embodiment, the laser package described above may include a beam collector.

[0067] The beam combiner element may include an optical assembly comprising an array of prism elements. Optionally, the beam combiner element may also include a plurality of light sources, numbered n.

[0068] The first and / or second light sources emanating from the prism element (and emanating simultaneously when both are supplied to the prism element) can be used in this way. For example, a strong monochromatic light generating device can be provided. However, a white light generating device or a colored light generating device can also be provided. For example, this can be based on the RGB or RGBY principles known to those skilled in the art. In a particular embodiment, such a light generating device can be entirely based on a laser.

[0069] In a particular embodiment, a portion of the light from the light source is used to generate light from the luminescent material. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the light generating device may further include a luminescent material disposed downstream of a prism element, wherein the luminescent material is configured to convert at least a portion of one or more of the first and second light sources into luminescent material light. Specific embodiments of the luminescent material are further described below. In such embodiments, the light generating device may be based on a laser and a luminescent material.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the luminescent material may be provided, for example, as a ceramic body or may be composed of a ceramic body. Therefore, in embodiments, the light generating device may further include a ceramic body disposed downstream of a prism element, wherein the ceramic body comprises the luminescent material, and wherein the ceramic body is transmissive to at least a portion of one or more of the first and second light sources.

[0071] As described above, the light generating device is specifically configured to generate device light. In a particular embodiment, the device light may include one or more of the following: (i) first light source light, (ii) second light source light, and (iii) light emitting material light (see above).

[0072] In a particular embodiment, the light generating device is configured to generate white device light in one or more operating modes of the light generating device. This can be based on a light generating device using luminescent materials as described above or on a light generating device comprising different light sources of different colors, which can together provide white light in a certain operating mode.

[0073] The light generating device may further include a control system for controlling one or more of the first and second light sources. In a particular embodiment, the light generating device may further include a control system for controlling one or more of the first and second light sources. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the light generating device may include a control system configured to control one or more of the light sources. In a particular embodiment, the control system is configured to control one or more optical characteristics of the device light, particularly, in another embodiment, based on a user interface, sensor signals, and a timer. In a particular embodiment, the one or more optical characteristics include correlated color temperature and color rendering index.

[0074] The system, apparatus, or device can perform actions in a “mode,” “operational mode,” “mode of operation,” or “operational mode.” Similarly, in a method, actions, stages, or steps can be performed in a “mode,” “operational mode,” or “mode of operation.” The term “mode” can also refer to “control mode.” This does not preclude the system, apparatus, or device from being adapted to provide another control mode or multiple other control modes. Likewise, this does not preclude the possibility of performing one or more other modes before and / or after the execution of a mode. However, in embodiments, a control system may be available that is adapted to provide at least a control mode. If other modes are available, the selection of these modes can be performed, in particular, via a user interface, although other options are possible, such as performing a certain mode based on sensor signals or a (time) scheme. In embodiments, an operating mode can also refer to a system, apparatus, or device that can only operate in a single operating mode (i.e., “on,” without further adjustability). Thus, in embodiments, a control system can be controlled based on one or more of input signals from a user interface, sensor signals (of sensors), and timers. The term “timer” can refer to a clock and / or a predetermined time scheme. See also below. Specifically, multiple operating modes may exist, such as at least two, at least three, at least five, at least eight, or at least 16. Changes between operating modes can be gradual or stepless. Control can be analog or digital. The term "control" and similar terms specifically refer to determining or monitoring the operation of an element. Thus, "control" and similar terms as used herein can refer, for example, to applying an action to an element (determining an action or monitoring the operation of the element), such as measuring, displaying, starting, turning on, switching, changing temperature, etc. In addition, the term "control" and similar terms can also include monitoring. Therefore, the term "control" and similar terms can include applying an action to an element and applying an action to an element and monitoring the element. Control of the element can be accomplished by a control system, which can also be referred to as a "controller." The control system and the element can therefore be functionally coupled, at least temporarily or permanently. The element may include the control system. In embodiments, the control system and the element may not be physically coupled. Control can be accomplished via wired and / or wireless control. The term "control system" can also refer to multiple different control systems that are functionally coupled; for example, one control system may be a master control system, while one or more other control systems may be slave control systems. A control system may include or be functionally coupled to a user interface. The control system can also be configured to receive and execute instructions from a remote control. In embodiments, the control system can be controlled via an application on a device, such as a portable device like a smartphone or mobile phone, tablet, etc. Therefore, the device does not necessarily need to be coupled to the lighting system, but can be (temporarily) functionally coupled to the lighting system.Therefore, in embodiments, the control system can (and may also) be configured to be controlled by an application on a remote device. In such embodiments, the control system of the lighting system can be a control system from a control system or a control in a mode. For example, the lighting system can be identified by a code, specifically a unique code for the corresponding lighting system. The control system of the lighting system can be configured to be controlled by an external control system that accesses the lighting system based on knowledge of the (unique) code (input from a user interface with optical sensors, such as a QR code reader). The lighting system may also include components for communicating with other systems or devices, such as based on Bluetooth, LiFi, WIFI, ZigBee, BLE, or WiMAX or other wireless technologies.

[0075] This invention can be implemented by hardware comprising several different elements and by a suitably programmed computer. Several means are enumerated in the device claims, apparatus claims, or system claims, some of which can be embodied by the same hardware item. The fact that certain measures are enumerated in mutually different dependent claims does not imply that a combination of these measures cannot be used advantageously. The invention also provides a control system that can control a device, apparatus, or system, or can perform the methods or processes described herein. Furthermore, the invention provides a computer program product that, when functionally coupled to or executed by a computer included in a device, apparatus, or system, controls one or more controllable elements of such a device, apparatus, or system.

[0076] In certain embodiments, the light generating device may include a control system configured to control a first light source and a second light source. This may allow control of the correlated color temperature and / or color rendering index, and / or the color point of the device light. Therefore, in certain embodiments, the light generating device may further include a control system configured to control one or more of the correlated color temperature and color rendering index of the device light by controlling the first and second light sources.

[0077] In embodiments, the light generating device may include a sensor (such as a light sensor) for sensing light, particularly combined light. In a particular embodiment, the light sensor may be arranged in optical contact with the beam combiner. Furthermore, in embodiments, the light sensor may be partially shielded by a reflector, allowing the sensor to sense a small fraction of the combined light.

[0078] Therefore, in embodiments of the light generating device, the first light source and the second light source have different spectral power distributions, and the light generating device further includes a control system configured to control one or more of the correlated color temperature and color rendering index of the device light by controlling the first and second light sources. Furthermore, in embodiments, the light generating device also includes a control system configured to control the device light, for example, based on one or more of a user interface, sensor signals, and timers.

[0079] When luminescent materials are applied, and when different types of light sources are applied, the luminescent material can absorb one type of light source light better than one or more other types of light source light. Furthermore, one type of light source light can be primarily absorbed and converted, while one or more other types of light source light can be substantially not absorbed (and not converted). Moreover, the configuration of the luminescent material (e.g., reflection or transmission mode) and the concentration of the associated absorbing substance can be selected such that at least a portion of the light source light is absorbed (well) and at least a portion is transmitted, although in other embodiments, substantially all types of light source light can be absorbed (and converted). Thus, in embodiments, the luminescent material has a first absorptivity (A1) for a first light source light and a second absorptivity (A2) for a second light source light, wherein A1 / A2 ≥ 5 or wherein A2 / A1 ≥ 5.

[0080] Some (alternative) embodiments are described below. Embodiments relating to a light source or laser source can be applied to a first light source and / or a second light source (and / or additional light sources, if they are applied).

[0081] The term "light source" can refer to a semiconductor including a light-emitting device, such as a light-emitting diode (LED), a resonant cavity light-emitting diode (RCLED), a vertical cavity laser diode (VCSEL), an edge-emitting laser, etc. In certain embodiments, the term "light source" can also refer to an organic light-emitting diode (including a light-emitting device), such as a passive matrix (PMOLED) or an active matrix (AMOLED). Specifically, in embodiments, the light source includes a solid-state light source (e.g., an LED or a laser diode). In one embodiment, the light source includes an LED (light-emitting diode). The term LED can also refer to multiple LEDs. Furthermore, in embodiments, the term "light source" can also refer to a so-called chip-on-board (COB) light source. The term "COB" specifically refers to an LED chip in the form of a semiconductor chip that is neither packaged nor connected, but directly mounted onto a substrate such as a PCB. Therefore, multiple semiconductor light sources can be configured on the same substrate. In embodiments, a COB is a multi-LED chip configured together as a single lighting module. The term "light source" can also refer to multiple (substantially identical (or different)) light sources, such as 2-2000 solid-state light sources. In embodiments, the light source may include one or more micro-optical components (microlens arrays) located downstream of a single solid-state light source (such as an LED) or multiple solid-state light sources (i.e., shared by multiple LEDs). In embodiments, the light source may include an LED with on-chip optics. In embodiments, the light source includes pixelated individual LEDs (with or without optics) (providing on-chip beam control in embodiments). The term "laser light source" specifically refers to a laser. Such a laser may be specifically configured to generate laser light with one or more wavelengths in the UV, visible, or infrared range, particularly with wavelengths selected from the spectral wavelength range of 200-2000 nm, for example, 300-1500 nm. The term "laser" specifically refers to a device that emits light through an optical amplification process based on stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. In particular, in embodiments, the term "laser" may refer to a solid-state laser.

[0082] Therefore, in the embodiments, the light source includes a laser light source. In the embodiments, the term "laser" or "solid-state laser" may refer to one or more of the following: cerium-doped lithium strontium (or calcium) aluminum fluoride (Ce:LiSAF, Ce:LiCAF), chromium-doped chrysoberyl (alexandrite) laser, chromium ZnSe (Cr:ZnSe) laser, divalent samarium-doped calcium fluoride (Sm:CaF2) laser, Er:YAG laser, erbium-doped and erbium-ytterbium co-doped glass laser, F- Center laser, holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) laser, Nd:YAG laser, NdCrYAG laser, neodymium-doped calcium yttrium oxyborate Nd:YCa4O(BO3)3 or Nd:YCOB, neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) laser, neodymium glass (Nd:glass) laser, neodymium YLF (Nd:YLF) solid-state laser, promethium-doped 147 phosphate glass (147Pm) 3+ Solid-state lasers (Al2O3:Cr) and ruby ​​lasers (Al2O3:Cr) 3+ ), thulium YAG (Tm:YAG) laser, titanium sapphire (Ti:sapphire; Al2O3:Ti) laser, etc. 3+ Lasers include uranium-doped calcium fluoride (U:CaF2) solid-state lasers, ytterbium-doped glass lasers (rods, plates / chips, and fibers), ytterbium YAG (Yb:YAG) lasers, and Yb2O3 (glass or ceramic) lasers. In embodiments, the terms "laser" or "solid-state laser" may refer to one or more semiconductor laser diodes, such as GaN, InGaN, AlGaInP, AlGaAs, InGaAsP, lead salts, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), quantum cascade lasers, and hybrid silicon lasers.

[0083] In embodiments, the laser source may be arranged in a laser array (see also above). In embodiments, the laser array may include a heat sink and / or optics, such as a parabolic reflector for collimating the laser. The parabolic (or parabolic) reflector may in particular be a reflective surface for collecting or projecting light. Its shape may be part of a circular parabola, i.e., a surface generated by rotating a parabola about its axis.

[0084] A laser source is configured to generate laser light (or "laser"). The light source can consist essentially of laser light. The light source can also include laser light from two or more (different or identical) laser sources. For example, laser light from two or more (different or identical) laser sources can be coupled into a light guide to provide a single beam comprising laser light from two or more (different or identical) laser sources. In a particular embodiment, the light source is therefore specifically collimated light. In another embodiment, the light source is specifically (collimated) laser light. The phrase "different sources" or "multiple different sources" and similar phrases in the embodiments can refer to multiple solid-state sources selected from at least two different bins. Similarly, the phrase "identical sources" or "multiple identical sources" and similar phrases in the embodiments can refer to multiple solid-state sources selected from the same bin.

[0085] The light source is specifically configured to generate light with an optical axis (O), beam shape, and spectral power distribution. In embodiments, the light source light may include one or more bands having bandwidths known to the laser. In particular embodiments, the bands may be relatively sharp lines, for example, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the range of less than 20 nm, such as equal to or less than 10 nm. Thus, the light source light has a spectral power distribution (intensity on an energy scale as a function of wavelength) that may include one or more (narrow) bands.

[0086] In an embodiment, the laser source may be arranged in a laser array. In an embodiment, the laser array may include a heat sink and / or optics for collimating the laser (e.g., a lens, multiple lenses, or a lens array). The laser array may, for example, include at least 10, or, for example, at least 20, laser sources. In an embodiment, the laser array may include a first light source. Alternatively or additionally, the laser array may include a second laser source.

[0087] As described above, in one embodiment, the first light source light may consist substantially of laser light. In another specific embodiment, the first light source light may consist substantially of first laser light from one or more substantially identical laser sources (e.g., from the same region). Furthermore, as described above, the first light source may include collimating optics for collimating the first laser light. Furthermore, as described above, in one embodiment, the second light source light may consist substantially of laser light. In another specific embodiment, the second light source light may consist substantially of second laser light from one or more substantially identical laser sources (e.g., from the same region). Furthermore, as described above, the second light source may include collimating optics for collimating the second laser light.

[0088] In a particular embodiment, the first light source is configured to generate blue first light source light having a first peak wavelength λ1 selected from the spectral wavelength range of 437-472 nm. In a particular embodiment, the second light source is configured to generate red second light source light having a second peak wavelength λ2, specifically selected from the spectral wavelength range of 615-635 nm, for example 615-630 nm, more particularly selected from the spectral wavelength range of 615-625 nm, particularly 616-625 nm. As described above, in particular, the second light source is a second laser light source.

[0089] The term "luminescent material" as used herein specifically refers to inorganic luminescent materials, which are sometimes also referred to as phosphors. These terms are known to those skilled in the art.

[0090] In embodiments, quantum dots and / or organic dyes can be applied, and optionally, the quantum dots and / or organic dyes can be embedded in the transmission matrix, for example, polymers such as PMMA or polysiloxanes. Quantum dots are small crystals of semiconductor materials, typically only a few nanometers wide or in diameter. When excited by incident light, quantum dots emit light of a color determined by the crystal size and material. Therefore, light of a specific color can be generated by adjusting the size of the dots. Most known quantum dots that emit in the visible light range are based on cadmium selenide (CdSe) and shells such as cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS). Cadmium-free quantum dots, such as indium phosphide (InP), copper indium sulfide (CuInS2), and / or silver indium sulfide (AgInS2), can also be used. Quantum dots exhibit very narrow emission bands, thus displaying saturated colors. Furthermore, the emission color can be easily adjusted by adjusting the size of the quantum dots. Any type of quantum dot known in the art can be used in this invention. However, for environmental safety and concerns, it may be preferred to use cadmium-free quantum dots or at least quantum dots with very low cadmium content. Other quantum confinement structures, besides quantum dots, can be used instead of quantum dots. In the context of this application, the term "quantum confinement structure" should be understood to include, for example, quantum wells, quantum dots, quantum rods, tripods, quadrupoles, or nanowires. Organic phosphors can also be used. Examples of suitable organic phosphor materials are perylene derivative-based organic light-emitting materials, such as those produced by BASF under the name... Compounds for sale. Examples of suitable compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed below. Red F305 Orange F240 Yellow F083 and F 170.

[0091] As described above, the light generating device also includes a light-emitting material configured to convert at least a portion of the light from the first light source into light-emitting material light having an emission band having a wavelength in one or more of (a) the green spectral wavelength range and (b) the yellow spectral wavelength range.

[0092] The term "luminescent material" specifically refers to a material that can convert a first type of radiation, particularly blue light radiation (one or more of UV and blue light radiation), into a second type of radiation. Typically, the first and second radiations have different spectral power distributions. Therefore, instead of the term "luminescent material," the terms "luminescent converter" or "converter" may also be used. Generally, the second radiation has a spectral power distribution at a larger wavelength compared to the first radiation; this is the case of so-called downconversion. However, in certain embodiments, the second radiation has an intensity spectral power distribution at a smaller wavelength compared to the first radiation; this is the case in so-called upconversion. In embodiments, "luminescent material" may specifically refer to a material that can convert radiation into, for example, visible light and / or infrared light. For example, in embodiments, the luminescent material is capable of converting one or more of UV and blue light into visible light. In certain embodiments, the luminescent material can also convert radiation into infrared (IR) radiation. Therefore, when excited by radiation, the luminescent material emits radiation. Generally, the luminescent material will be a downconverter, i.e., radiation with a smaller wavelength is converted into radiation with a larger wavelength (λ). ex <λ em The radiation is of a longer wavelength (λ), but in a particular embodiment, the luminescent material may include a down-converter luminescent material, i.e., the longer wavelength radiation is converted into a shorter wavelength (λ). ex >λ em The term "luminescence" can refer to phosphorescence in the embodiments. In the embodiments, the term "luminescence" can also refer to fluorescence. Instead of "luminescence," the term "emission" can also be used. Therefore, the terms "first radiation" and "second radiation" can refer to excitation radiation and emission (radiation), respectively. Similarly, the term "luminescent material" can refer to phosphorescence and / or fluorescence in the embodiments. The term "luminescent material" can also refer to a variety of different luminescent materials. The term "luminescent material" as used herein can also refer to a material that includes a luminescent material, such as a light-transmitting body that includes a luminescent material.

[0093] Specifically, the luminescent material is configured to convert a portion of the blue first light source into luminescent material light having an emission band having a wavelength in one or more of green and yellow. Furthermore, specifically, the luminescent material light has one or more wavelengths in the range of about 500-700 nm. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the luminescent material light has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of at least 50 nm, for example at least 75 nm, such as up to about 130 nm (at room temperature) in certain embodiments. Broadband can provide a higher CRI. Specifically, the luminescent material light has a green or yellow color point, particularly yellow. Specifically, in embodiments, the dominant wavelength (λ) of the luminescent material light... d1 The luminescent material is selected from the spectral wavelength range of 540-580 nm, and more particularly from the spectral wavelength range of 555-580 nm. Specifically, at least 85% (e.g., at least 90%) of the spectral power (in watts) of the luminescent material light is in the range of 500-700 nm. Therefore, the luminescent material is specifically configured to emit one or more luminescent material lights with a wavelength of at least (green and / or) yellow. Furthermore, the emission intensity of the luminescent material light is specifically above the entire wavelength range of 520-650 nm, particularly even above 500-675 nm, for example even above the entire wavelength range of 480-700 nm.

[0094] In terms of CRI and CCT ranges, particularly good results appear to be achievable with cerium-doped garnet-type materials. Therefore, in certain embodiments, the luminescent material comprises A3B5O. 12 Ce-type luminescent materials, wherein A in the embodiments comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb, and Lu, particularly (at least) one or more of Y, Gd, Tb, and Lu, and wherein B in the embodiments comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In, and Sc. Specifically, A may comprise one or more of Y, Gd, and Lu, for example, particularly one or more of Y and Lu. Specifically, B may comprise one or more of Al and Ga, more particularly comprising at least Al, for example, substantially entirely Al. Therefore, cerium-containing garnet materials are particularly suitable luminescent materials. Examples of garnet specifically include A3B5O. 12Garnet, wherein A comprises at least yttrium or lutetium and wherein B comprises at least aluminum. This garnet may be doped with cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), or a combination of cerium and praseodymium; however, Ce is particularly doped. Specifically, B comprises aluminum (Al), however, B may also partially comprise gallium (Ga) and / or scandium (Sc) and / or indium (In), particularly up to about 20% Al, more particularly up to about 10% Al (i.e., the B ion is essentially composed of 90% or more mol% Al and 10% or less mol% of one or more of Ga, Sc, and In); B may particularly comprise up to about 10% gallium. In another variant, B and O may be at least partially replaced by Si and N. Element A may particularly be selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), and lutetium (Lu). Furthermore, the presence of Gd and / or Tb is particularly only up to about 20% of A. In a particular embodiment, the garnet luminescent material includes (Y 1-x Lu x )3B5O 12 :Ce, where x is equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 1. The term ":Ce" indicates that a portion of the metal ions in the luminescent material (i.e., in garnet: a portion of the "A" ions) are replaced with Ce. For example, in (Y 1-x Lu x )3Al5O 12 In the case of Ce, a portion of Y and / or Lu is replaced with Ce. This is known to those skilled in the art. Ce will generally replace no more than 10% of A; generally, the Ce concentration will be in the range of 0.1% to 4%, particularly 0.1% to 2% (relative to A). Assuming 1% Ce and 10% Y, the perfectly correct formula might be (Y 0.1 Lu 0.89 Ce 0.01 )3Al5O 12 As is known to those skilled in the art, Ce in garnet is essentially or only in a trivalent state.

[0095] In the embodiments, the luminescent material (therefore) comprises A3B5O. 12 In a particular embodiment, up to 10% of the BO can be replaced with Si-N.

[0096] In a particular embodiment, the luminescent material includes (Y x1-x2-x3 A' x2 Ce x3 )3(Al y1-y2 B' y2 )5O 12Where x1 + x2 + x3 = 1, where x3 > 0, where 0 < x2 + x3 ≤ 0.2, where y1 + y2 = 1, where 0 ≤ y2 ≤ 0.2, where A' comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lanthanides, and where B' comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, and Sc. In embodiments, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001-0.1. In particular, in this invention, x1 > 0, such as > 0.2, such as at least 0.8. Garnets with Y can provide a suitable spectral power distribution.

[0097] In a particular embodiment, up to 10% of BO can be replaced with Si-N. Here, B in BO refers to one or more of Al, Ga, In, and Sc (O refers to oxygen); in a particular embodiment, BO can refer to Al-O. As mentioned above, in a particular embodiment, x3 can be selected from the range of 0.001-0.04. In particular, such a luminescent material can have a suitable spectral distribution (see below), relatively high efficiency, relatively high thermal stability, and achieve high CRI (in combination with the first light source and the second light source (and the filter)). Therefore, in a particular embodiment, A can be selected from the group consisting of Lu and Gd. Alternatively or additionally, B can include Ga. Therefore, in the embodiment, the luminescent material includes (Y x1-x2-x3 (Lu, Gd) x2 Ce x3 )3(Al y1-y2 Ga y2 )5O 12 Wherein Lu and / or Gd may be available. Even more specifically, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001-0.1, where 0 < x2 + x3 ≤ 0.1, and where 0 ≤ y2 ≤ 0.1. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, up to 1% of BO may be replaced with Si-N. Here, percentage refers to molar number (as known in the art); see also EP3149108, for example. In another specific embodiment, the luminescent material comprises (Y x1-x3 Ce x3 )3Al5O 12 , where x1+x3=1, and where 0<x3≤0.2, for example 0.001-0.1.

[0098] In certain embodiments, the light generating device may comprise only a luminescent material selected from the cerium type, including garnet. In other specific embodiments, the light generating device comprises a single type of luminescent material, such as (γ-ray disulfide). x1-x2-x3 A' x2 Ce x3 )3(Al y1-y2 B' y2 )5O 12Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the light generating device includes a luminescent material, wherein at least 85% by weight, or even more particularly at least about 90% by weight, for example, or even more particularly at least about 95% by weight, of the luminescent material includes (Y). x1-x2- x3 A' x2 Ce x3 )3(Al y1-y2 B' y2 )5O 12 Here, A' comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lanthanides, and B' comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, and Sc, where x1 + x2 + x3 = 1, x3 > 0, 0 < x2 + x3 ≤ 0.2, and y1 + y2 = 1, where 0 ≤ y2 ≤ 0.2. Specifically, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1. Note that in the embodiments, x2 = 0. Alternatively or additionally, in the embodiments, y2 = 0.

[0099] In a particular embodiment, A may specifically include at least Y, and B may specifically include at least Al.

[0100] In another embodiment, in addition to the luminescent material, the light generating device may also include one or more other luminescent materials, which are specifically configured to convert a portion of one or more of the first light source light and the luminescent material light into the other luminescent material light.

[0101] Specifically, in embodiments, the light generating device may further include a second luminescent material, which is specifically configured to convert a portion of one or more of the first light source light and the luminescent material light into second luminescent material light. Furthermore, specifically, one or more wavelengths of the second luminescent material light may be in the range of about 550-700 nm. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the luminescent material light is at least 25 nm, for example at least 40 nm, and as in certain embodiments, up to about 150 nm (at room temperature). Specifically, the second luminescent material light may have an amber and / or orange color point. Specifically, in embodiments, the dominant wavelength (λ) of the second luminescent material light... d1 The luminescent material can be selected from the spectral wavelength range of 590-605 nm, particularly from the spectral wavelength range of 590-600 nm. Specifically, at least 50% (e.g., at least 70%) of the spectral power (in watts) of the light emitted by the luminescent material is in the range of 550-650 nm. The dominant wavelength of the light emitted by the second luminescent material can, for example, be in the amber and / or orange wavelength range. An example of such a second luminescent material could be, for example, M2Si5N8:Eu 2+ and / or MAlSiN3:Eu 2+And / or Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Eu 2+ The light-generating device may include a second luminescent material configured to convert a portion of one or more of the first light source light and the luminescent material light into second luminescent material light. Specifically, the second luminescent material and the luminescent material are configured such that the second luminescent material converts a portion of the luminescent material light. Therefore, in an embodiment, the second luminescent material may be configured to convert at least a portion of the luminescent material light into second luminescent material light (thereby redshifting the luminescent material light). Thus, in an embodiment, the second luminescent material may include one or more materials selected from (Ba, Sr, Ca)S:Eu, (Ba, Sr, Ca)AlSiN3:Eu, and (Ba, Sr, Ca)2Si5N8:Eu. In these compounds, europium (Eu) is substantially or only divalent and replaces one or more of the specified divalent cations. Typically, the content of Eu does not exceed 10% of the cation; its presence is particularly in the range of about 0.5-10% relative to the cation(s) it replaces, and more particularly in the range of about 0.5-5%. The term ":Eu" indicates that a portion of the metal ion is replaced with Eu (in these examples, it is replaced with Eu). 2+ For example, assuming Eu in CaAlSiN3:Eu is 2%, the correct formula might be (Ca... 0.98 Eu 0.02 AlSiN3. Divalent europium generally replaces divalent cations, such as the aforementioned divalent alkaline earth metal cations, particularly Ca, Sr, or Ba. The material (Ba, Sr, Ca)S:Eu can also be represented as MS:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); particularly, M in the compound includes calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more particularly calcium. Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least a portion of M (i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). Further, the material (Ba, Sr, Ca)2Si5N8:Eu can also be represented as M2Si5N8:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); particularly, M in the compound includes Sr and / or Ba. In another specific embodiment, M consists of Sr and / or Ba (regardless of the presence of Eu), particularly 50 to 100%, more particularly 50 to 90% Ba and 50 to 0%, particularly 50 to 10% Sr, such as Ba. 1.5 Sr 0.5Si5N8:Eu (i.e., 75% Ba; 25% Sr). Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least a portion of M (i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). Similarly, the material (Ba, Sr, Ca)AlSiN3:Eu can also be represented as MAAlSiN3:Eu, where M is one or more elements selected from barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca); particularly, M in this compound includes calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more particularly calcium. Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least a portion of M (i.e., one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). As known to those skilled in the art, Eu in the above-described luminescent materials is essentially or only in a divalent state.

[0102] Specifically, the light-generating device is essentially based on garnet-type luminescent materials. Optimal results in terms of color point stability, high CRI, and high R9 were achieved using light-generating devices that are essentially based on blue laser light sources, red laser light sources, and luminescent materials (light) that are essentially based solely on garnet. In embodiments, the color rendering index can be at least 80, for example, even at least 85, and even at least 90 in some embodiments. Furthermore, in embodiments, the R9 value is at least 50, for example, at least 60, and even at least 70.

[0103] A light generating device can provide device light (or “illumination device light” or “light generating device light”) during operation. The light generating device light may include a first light source, a luminescent material, and a second light source. In embodiments, the first light source, the luminescent material, and the second light source are selected such that white device light can be generated. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the light generating device is configured to generate (in one or more operating modes) (white) device light, which includes luminescent material light, a second luminescent material, and a light source. Specifically, the light generating device is configured in a first operating mode to provide white device light comprising the first light source, the luminescent material, and the second light source, with a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 2000-5000K, such as 2000-3150K, and a color rendering index selected from the range of at least 80, such as at least 85, such as at least about 90.

[0104] The term "white light" as used herein is known to those skilled in the art. It specifically refers to light having a correlated color temperature (CCT) between approximately 1800K and 20000K, such as between 2000K and 20000K, particularly 2700-20000K, for general illumination, especially in the range of approximately 2700K to 6500K. In embodiments, for backlighting purposes, the correlated color temperature (CCT) is particularly in the range of approximately 7000K to 20000K. Furthermore, in embodiments, the correlated color temperature (CCT) is particularly within approximately 15 SDCM (standard deviation of color matching) from the blackbody track (BBL), particularly within approximately 10 SDCM from the BBL, and even more particularly within approximately 5 SDCM from the BBL. Thus, in certain embodiments, the device light has a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 2000-5000K from the blackbody track, such as 2000-4000K, or within 10 SDCM.

[0105] In even more specific embodiments, the control system is configured to maintain a color rendering index of more than 85, or even more specifically at least 90, in control mode.

[0106] In particular, in the embodiments, the luminescent material is transmissive to at least a portion of the light from the second light source.

[0107] Instead of the terms "luminescent body" and similar terms, the terms "transmitting body" and similar terms can also be used, because luminescent bodies are also transmissive to the light emitted by luminescent materials.

[0108] A light-transmitting body can possess optical guiding or waveguide properties. Therefore, a light-transmitting body is also referred to herein as a waveguide or optical guide. Since the light-transmitting body is used as a concentrator, it is also referred to herein as a concentrator. A light-transmitting body typically has some transmittance to one or more of (N)UV, visible, and (N)IR radiation in a direction perpendicular to its length, for example, at least visible light in the embodiments. Without an activating agent (dopant), such as trivalent cerium, the internal transmittance of visible light can approach 100%.

[0109] For one or more (first) emission wavelengths, the transmittance of the light-transmitting body can be at least 80% / cm, for example at least 90% / cm, and even more particularly at least 95% / cm, for example at least 98% / cm, for example at least 99% / cm. This means, for example, a 1cm piece... 3A cubical transparent body will have at least 95% transmittance under vertical radiation irradiation with a selected emission wavelength (e.g., the wavelength corresponding to the maximum emission value of the luminescent material of the transparent body). Therefore, the luminescent body is also referred to herein as a "transparent body" because it is transparent to light from the luminescent material. Here, the value of transmittance specifically refers to transmittance without considering Fresnel losses (e.g., air) at the interface. Therefore, the term "transmittance" specifically refers to internal transmittance. Internal transmittance can be determined, for example, by measuring the transmittance of two or more objects with different widths, where the transmittance is measured over that width. Based on such measurements, the contribution of Fresnel reflection loss and (therefore) internal transmittance can then be determined. Therefore, in particular, the transmittance values ​​indicated herein neglect Fresnel loss. In embodiments, an anti-reflective coating can be applied to the luminescent body, for example, to suppress Fresnel reflection loss (during the optical coupling process). In addition to high transmittance at (multiple) wavelengths of interest, scattering at (multiple) wavelengths may also be particularly low. Therefore, the mean free path of the wavelength of interest, considering only scattering effects (and thus not considering possible absorption (which should be low anyway given high transmittance), is likely at least 0.5 times the volume length, such as at least twice the volume length. For example, in an embodiment, the mean free path considering only scattering effects could be at least 5 mm, such as at least 10 mm. The wavelength of interest can in particular be the maximum emission wavelength of the luminescent material. The term “mean free path” is specifically the average distance traveled by light before experiencing a scattering event that will change its direction of propagation. Transmittance can be determined by providing light of a specific wavelength with a first intensity to the transparent body under vertical radiation and correlating the intensity of that wavelength of light, measured after transmission through the material, with the first intensity of the light provided to the material at that specific wavelength (see also CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th edition, 1088-1989, E-208 and E-406).

[0110] The terms "radiative coupling" or "optical coupling" can specifically refer to (i) a light-generating element (e.g., a light source) and (ii) another article or material associated with each other such that at least a portion of the radiation emitted by the light source is received by the article or material. In other words, the article or material is configured to have a light-receiving relationship with the light-generating element. At least a portion of the radiation from the light source will be received by the article or material. In embodiments, one or more optical devices, such as lenses, reflectors, and filters, may also be arranged in the optical path between the light source and the article or material. Thus, the optical component can be radiatively coupled to the light source. Furthermore, the luminescent material can be radiatively coupled to the light source (through the optical component); therefore, the luminescent material can also be radiatively coupled to the optical component.

[0111] In embodiments, the luminescent material is constituted as or provided as a (light-transparent) body. In embodiments, the luminescent material is constituted as or provided as a (light-transparent) layer. This layer may also be represented as a body in embodiments. In a particular embodiment, the light generating device includes a luminescent body, wherein the luminescent body includes a luminescent material, and wherein the luminescent body is a ceramic body. Similarly, this can be applied to a second luminescent material. In a particular embodiment, the body may include both the luminescent material and the second luminescent material. Therefore, in embodiments, the luminescent body includes the second luminescent material. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the ceramic body includes both the luminescent material and the second luminescent material.

[0112] In one embodiment, the (first) luminescent body is composed of a single crystal. In another embodiment, the (first) luminescent body is composed of a ceramic body. In yet another embodiment, the (first) luminescent body is composed of a polycrystalline material, such as a layer of polycrystalline material. This may be a powder layer or a compacted powder layer in this embodiment. In a particular embodiment, the powder layer or compacted powder layer may include both a luminescent material and a second luminescent material. Thus, in this embodiment, the powder layer or compacted powder layer includes a second luminescent material. In still some embodiments, a multilayer may be applied, wherein a first layer includes a luminescent material (and substantially no second luminescent material) and a second layer includes a second luminescent material (and substantially no luminescent material). Here, "substantially no" may mean a weight ratio of <0.1, for example, <0.01. Therefore, in a further specific embodiment, the luminescent body may include one or more of a ceramic body and a multilayer material. The multilayer material may therefore include both a luminescent material and a second luminescent material, and may also be a ceramic body in a particular embodiment.

[0113] When the luminescent material is positioned downstream of the optical component, the light from the first and / or second light sources propagates away from the luminescent material along with the light from the luminescent material. Therefore, in some embodiments, device light may be formed, which may have lost some collimation due to, for example, scattering. Thus, downstream of the luminescent material, additional collimating optics may be optionally applied depending on the specific application. As described above, in certain embodiments, essentially all of the first and second light sources can be converted by the luminescent material.

[0114] The lumen equivalent of the white device light can be selected from the range of 290-370 lm / W in the embodiments, such as 300-360 lm / W. In the embodiments, the light generating device is configured to provide the emitted light with power emitted from the radiating exit surface of the light emitter, having a power of 4 W / mm². 2 The power density, in particular, is at least 7 W / mm². 2 More specifically, it is at least 9W / mm 2 Even more specifically, it is at least 13W / mm 2Therefore, in an embodiment, in the operating mode of the light generating device, the light generating device is configured to generate a power density of at least 4 W / mm² from the radiating surface (or radiating surface) of the light-emitting converter. 2 The light-emitting material emits light. In another specific embodiment, the light-generating device can be configured to provide emitted light in combination with blue and / or red laser light, the blue and / or red laser light being emitted from a source having a light emission rate of at least 2000 lm / mm². 2 More specifically, at least 3000 lm / mm 2 Even more specifically, at least 6000 lm / mm 2 The brightness of white light emitted by a surface is the same as that emitted by a light source. In this article, "lm" refers to a lumen.

[0115] In another aspect, the present invention also provides an illuminator comprising a light generating device as defined herein. The illuminator may further include a housing, optical components, blinds, etc.

[0116] Light generating devices (or illuminators) may be part of or applicable to, for example, the following: office lighting systems, home application systems, shop lighting systems, residential lighting systems, accent lighting systems, spotlight systems, theater lighting systems, fiber optic application systems, projection systems, self-emissive display systems, pixelated display systems, segmented display systems, warning sign systems, medical lighting application systems, directional sign systems, decorative lighting systems, portable systems, automotive applications, (outdoor) road lighting systems, urban lighting systems, greenhouse lighting systems, horticultural lighting, digital projection or LCD backlighting, etc. Attached Figure Description

[0117] Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying schematic diagrams, wherein corresponding reference numerals denote corresponding parts, and in the drawings:

[0118] Figures 1a-1i schematically depict some embodiments;

[0119] Figures 2a-2c schematically depict some other embodiments;

[0120] Figures 3a-3b schematically depict some other embodiments;

[0121] Figure 4 Another embodiment is illustrated schematically. The schematic diagram is not necessarily drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0122] As described above, the present invention provides a light generating device comprising a plurality of light sources and an optical assembly including an array of prism elements.

[0123] Figures 1a and 1b schematically depict some embodiments of an optical assembly 1200 including an array 200 of prism elements 300. The optical assembly 1200, and in particular the array 200, is configured to have a light-receiving relationship with n light sources (not depicted, however see Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a and 3b).

[0124] The array 200 of prism elements 300 includes k1 parallel first prism surfaces 201 and k2 parallel second prism surfaces 202. Specifically, k1 ≥ 2 and k2 ≥ 2. As schematically depicted, the first prism surfaces 201 and second prism surfaces 202 are not parallel to each other. The mutual angle γ1 of the prism surfaces (i.e., the first and second prism surfaces) is not equal to 0° or 180°. The prism elements may have symmetrical or asymmetrical cross-sections. Here, the base angle β1 is the same. In the (specific) embodiment schematically depicted herein, the prism surfaces are mirror images of each other.

[0125] The plurality of light sources, number n, includes a first subset of one or more first light sources configured to generate collimated first light source light 111 and a second subset of one or more second light sources configured to generate collimated second light source light. In particular, n ≥ 2.

[0126] As schematically depicted, a first light source (light source not shown; but light sources 111, 121 are) is configured to illuminate a first prism surface 201 and a second light source is configured to illuminate a second prism surface 202.

[0127] Furthermore, as schematically depicted, the prism element 300 is configured to reflect or refract the collimated first light source 111 and the collimated second light source 121 into a superimposed beam of the first light source 111 and the second light source 121. Reflection is applied in Figures 1a and 1b.

[0128] Figures 1a-1b schematically depict an embodiment illustrating the operating principle of the beam combiner. A (laser) beam from a first light source 111 illuminates the reflective prism array from the left; a (laser) beam from a second light source 121 illuminates from the right. The two reflected beams are collinear and spatially staggered. As long as the design rules of the following specific embodiment are satisfied, the final light distribution has no dark gaps.

[0129] Figures 1a-1b illustrate possible design rules for the beam combiner. The reflecting microprisms have a tilt angle or base angle β1. The laser beam is directed at the microprism array at an angle α1 to the surface shown (90° - α1 to the surface normal). If the reflected light must be at a 90° angle to the surface, then α1 + 2β1 = 90°. If the (laser) beam might only hit a positive slope instead of a negative slope, as that would generate stray light, then α1 ≤ β1. Finally, if the entire prism slope must be illuminated (flashed) to avoid dark gaps, then α1 = β1 = 30°. In Figure 1b, reference numeral 5 indicates stray light; reference 3 indicates the non-flash area. The apex angle is indicated by reference numeral γ1.

[0130] Therefore, as shown in Figures 1a-1b, in this embodiment, the prism element 300 may be reflective to the first light source 111 and the second light source 121. Specifically, the first prism surface 201 and the second prism surface 202 of the prism element 300 define a first apex angle γ1 selected from the range of 120° ± 10°. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1a, relative to the plane 330, the first prism surface 201 and the second prism surface 202 of the prism element 300 have a first base angle β1 selected from the range of 30° ± 5°, wherein the first light source 111 has a first optical axis O1, and wherein the second light source 121 has a second optical axis O2, wherein the optical axes O1 and O2 have beam angles α1 and α2 with respect to the plane 330, which are equal to or less than the corresponding base angle β1.

[0131] In Figure 1b, reference numeral P indicates the spacing of the prism element 300. The spacing of the prism element can be selected from the range of about 5-100 pm, or even more specifically from the range of about 5-50 pm.

[0132] Figures 1c-1e schematically depict other embodiments using transmission micro-optical structures. As shown, two (laser) beams enter the refractive microprism array from below at incident angles θ1 and θ2, respectively, towards a first source light 111 and a second source light 121. The exit angle θ... out Specifically, they should be collinear. The microprism has a refractive index n², a half-apex angle α, and a full-apex angle γ¹. The exit angle θ... out It is a function of refractive indices n1 and n2, incident angle θ1, and prism half-apex angle α. By choosing appropriate parameters, stray light 5 can be prevented, and dark fringes can be avoided in the final distribution. The first constraint can be that the beams should be collinear: θ out =0; the second constraint can be the absence of stray light and dark gaps: θ Z =α. Surprisingly, for a given refractive index, there is only one solution for θ1 and α. Similarly, this applies to θ2.

[0133] Therefore, Figures 1c-1e schematically depict embodiments in which the prism element 300 is refractive for the first light source 111 and the second light source 121. Specifically, the first light source is configured to illuminate the first prism surface 201, wherein the first light source light 111 propagates through the prism element 300 to the first prism surface 201. Further, specifically, the second light source is configured to illuminate the second prism surface 202, wherein the second light source light 121 propagates through the prism element 300 to the second prism surface 202. Thus, although prism surfaces 201 and 202 are directly illuminated in the reflective embodiment, they are indirectly illuminated in the refractive embodiment.

[0134] Specifically, the first prism surface 201 and the second prism surface 202 of the prism element 300 define a first apex angle γ1 selected from a range of 55° ± 10°.

[0135] Furthermore, specifically, the prism element 300 includes a base surface 1330, wherein the first light source 111 has a first optical axis O1 and wherein the second light source 121 has a second optical axis O2, wherein the optical axes O1 and O2 have beam incident angles (θ1, θ2) with respect to the normal (N) of the base surface 1330, the beam incident angles (θ1, θ2) being selected from the range of 45° ± 10°.

[0136] For the various refractive indices, these were obtained through simulation models and are given in the table below:

[0137]

[0138] Figures 1f-11 schematically depict embodiments of a light generating device 1000 including a light-transmitting body 1300, wherein the prism element 300 is constituted by the light-transmitting body 1300. Figures 1f-1g schematically depict embodiments in which the prism element 300 is used as a reflective element. Figures 1h-1i schematically depict embodiments in which the prism element 300 is used as a refractive element. Here, in the embodiments, the light-transmitting body 1300 having the prism element may be a monolithic element.

[0139] Figures 2a-2c schematically depict embodiments in which beam combiners are used to provide combined, collinear, collimated beams. In the embodiments schematically depicted in Figures 2a-2b, these are used to illuminate a transmissive transducer. Here, a transmissive configuration is schematically depicted. However, a reflective configuration is also possible. As schematically depicted in Figure 2b, a lens can also be used to focus the combined beam onto the transducer element.

[0140] Figure 2a schematically depicts an embodiment of a light generating device 1000, which includes a plurality of n light sources 100 and an optical assembly 1200 having an array 200 of prism elements 300. The plurality of n light sources 100 includes a first subset of one or more first light sources 110 configured to generate collimated first light source light 111 and a second subset of one or more second light sources 120 configured to generate collimated second light source light 121, where n ≥ 2. The prism element array 300 is configured to receive light from the n light sources 100, wherein the array 200 of prism elements 300 includes k1 parallel first prism surfaces 201 and k2 parallel second prism surfaces 202, where k1 ≥ 2 and k2 ≥ 2, and the first prism surfaces 201 and second prism surfaces 202 are not parallel to each other. As shown in the figure, the first light source 110 is configured to illuminate the first prism surface 201 and the second light source 120 is configured to illuminate the second prism surface 202. In addition, the prism element 300 is configured to reflect or refract the collimated first light source light 111 and the collimated second light source light 121 into a superimposed beam of the first light source light 111 and the second light source light 121.

[0141] In an embodiment, the light generating device 1000 may further include a light-emitting material 500 disposed downstream of the prism element 300. In particular, the light-emitting material 500 is configured to convert at least a portion of one or more of the first light source light 111 and the second light source light 121 into light-emitting material light 501.

[0142] Reference numeral 150 in the figure indicates an optical device, such as a lens.

[0143] In another specific embodiment, the light generating device 1000 may include a ceramic body 1500 disposed downstream of the prism element 300, wherein the ceramic body 1500 includes such a light-emitting material 500. For example, the light-emitting material may be provided as the ceramic body. In embodiments, the ceramic body 1500 may be transmissive to at least a portion of one or more of the first light source 111 and the second light source 121.

[0144] Therefore, as schematically depicted, the light generating device 1000 can be specifically configured to generate device light 1001, which includes one or more of (i) a first light source light 111, (ii) a second light source light 121 and (iii) (optionally) light from a luminescent material.

[0145] In a particular embodiment, the light generating device 1000 may be configured to generate white device light in one or more operating modes of the light generating device 1000.

[0146] In this embodiment, the first light source 111 and the second light source 121 have different spectral power distributions.

[0147] Furthermore, in the embodiments, the light generating device 1000 may also include a control system 300 configured to control one or more of the light sources.

[0148] In a particular embodiment, the control system 300 may be configured to control one or more of the correlated color temperature and color rendering index of the device light 1001 by controlling the first light source 110 and the second light source 20.

[0149] Compared to one or more other wavelengths, the luminescent material 500 can absorb one or more wavelengths more effectively. Therefore, in an embodiment, the luminescent material 500 may have a first absorptivity A1 for the first light source 111 and a second absorptivity A2 for the second light source 121, wherein A1 / A2 ≥ 5 or wherein A2 / A1 ≥ 5. For example, the luminescent material 500 may absorb at least a portion of the first light and substantially not absorb the second light source, or vice versa.

[0150] Figure 2c also schematically depicts an embodiment of the light generating device 1000, wherein the first light source 110 includes a first laser source 10 configured to generate a first laser light source 11 and a collimating element 15 configured to provide collimation of the first laser light source 11, the second light source 120 includes a second laser source 20 configured to generate a second laser light source 21 and a collimating element 25 configured to provide collimation of the second laser light source 21, and wherein the collimators 15, 25 include parabolic reflectors.

[0151] Furthermore, Figure 2c schematically depicts an embodiment in which the light generating device 1000 includes a heat conductor 400. For example, a plurality of n light sources 100 and / or prism elements 300 may be thermally coupled to the heat conductor 400.

[0152] One possible embodiment of the beam combiner is shown in Figure 2c. For example, blue and red diode lasers are mounted on a sub-base to a central heat sink. They are located at the focal point of parabolic reflectors that collide the light rays with the surface normals of microprism reflectors at, for example, an angle of 60°. After reflection from the prisms, the two beams are now collinear and intersecting.

[0153] Figures 2a-2c schematically show cross-sectional views. The prism element can be extended perpendicular to the plane of drawing, and a plurality of first light sources 110 and / or a plurality of second light sources 120 can be configured in rows perpendicular to the plane of drawing (and substantially parallel to the prism element), see, for example, Figures 3a-3b.

[0154] Performance examples are shown in Figures 3a-3b. For example, the microprism spacing P is chosen to be 0.1 mm. If a smaller microprism spacing P is chosen, such as 0.05 mm, the structure may no longer be visible in the resulting beam (cross-section). Referring to Figures 3a-3b, embodiments may include, for example, one or more of the following:

[0155] Two lasers can have the same wavelength or different wavelengths, such as RGB.

[0156] The prism tilt angle can be less than 30° (but dark stripes may appear).

[0157] Freeform reflectors (i.e., not parabolic surfaces) can be used to collimate individual lasers.

[0158] More than two lasers are combined in a linear array (see, for example, Figures 3a-3b).

[0159] Therefore, in embodiments, beams of multiple blue laser diodes, such as at least four, can be combined. Alternatively or additionally, beams of multiple red laser diodes (e.g., at least two) can be combined. The combined light can be used to irradiate a luminescent material (in reflective or transmissive mode) to generate luminescent material light, and the blue laser diode light can be used to generate luminescent material light by complete or partial conversion.

[0160] Another approach to combining more than two lasers (e.g., four) is to use a pair of modules, each containing two lasers. The collimated beams from each module can be combined by a third microprism reflector. The staggered orientation of the two modules is orthogonal to the structural orientation of the final microprism reflector.

[0161] Therefore, among other things, the present invention can provide high-brightness light sources with good color quality, retail outlets, entertainment outlets, narrow beam width points, etc.

[0162] As schematically depicted in Figures 3a-3b, in an embodiment, the triangular prism may have two (elongated) generally flat faces and a bottom face (which may also be generally flat).

[0163] Figure 4 An embodiment of a illuminator 2 including the light generating device 1000 as described above is schematically depicted. Reference numeral 301 indicates a user interface that can be functionally coupled to a control system (not depicted), which is included in or functionally coupled to the lighting system 1000.

[0164] The term "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0165] The terms "substantially" or "essentially," and similar terms used herein, will be understood by those skilled in the art. The term "substantially" or "essentially" may also include embodiments with terms such as "entire," "completely," "all," etc. Therefore, in embodiments, the adjective "substantially" or "essentially" may also be removed. Where applicable, the term "substantially" or "essentially" may also refer to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, particularly 99% or higher, even more particularly 99.5% or higher, including 100%.

[0166] The term "comprising" also includes embodiments thereof, which are defined as "consisting of".

[0167] The term “and / or” specifically refers to one or more of the items mentioned before and after “and / or”. For example, the phrase “item 1 and / or item 2” and similar phrases can refer to one or more of item 1 and item 2. The term “comprising” in one embodiment can refer to “consisting of…”, but in another embodiment it can also refer to “containing at least the defined species and optional one or more other species”.

[0168] Furthermore, the terms first, second, third, etc., in the description and claims are used to distinguish similar elements and are not necessarily used to describe the order or chronological order. It should be understood that the terms thus used are interchangeable where appropriate, and the embodiments of the invention described herein can operate in orders other than those described or illustrated herein.

[0169] The equipment, apparatus, or system described herein may be used during operation. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to the method of operation or the equipment, apparatus, or system in operation.

[0170] It should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrative and not limiting of the invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to devise many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

[0171] Any reference numerals placed between parentheses in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims.

[0172] The use of the verb "comprising" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those described in the claims. Unless the context explicitly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the words "comprising," "including," etc., should be interpreted as inclusive, not exclusive or exhaustive; that is, in the sense of "including but not limited to."

[0173] The article "a (a)" or "an (an)" preceding an element does not preclude the existence of multiple such elements.

[0174] The present invention is also applicable to devices, apparatuses, or systems that include one or more features described in the specification and / or shown in the accompanying drawings. The present invention also relates to methods or processes that include one or more features described in the specification and / or shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0175] The various aspects discussed in this patent can be combined to provide additional advantages. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be combined, and more than two embodiments can also be combined. Additionally, certain features can form the basis of one or more divisional applications.

Claims

1. A light generating device (1000) comprising (i) a plurality of light sources (100) of number n, and (ii) an optical assembly (1200) including an array (200) of prism elements (300), wherein: The plurality of light sources (100) of number n include a first subset of one or more first light sources (110) and a second subset of one or more second light sources (120), the first subset including a first laser light source (10) and configured to generate collimated first light source light (111), the second subset including a second laser light source (20) and configured to generate collimated second light source light (121), wherein n≥2; The array (200) of the prism elements (300) is configured to receive light from the plurality of light sources (100) numbered n, wherein the array of the prism elements (300) includes k1 parallel first prism surfaces (201) and k2 parallel second prism surfaces (202), wherein k1≥2 and k2≥2, wherein the first prism surfaces (201) and the second prism surfaces (202) are not parallel to each other; The first light source (110) is configured to illuminate the first prism surface (201), and the second light source (120) is configured to illuminate the second prism surface (202); and The prism element (300) is configured to reflect or refract the collimated first light source light (111) and the collimated second light source light (121) into a superimposed beam of the first light source light (111) and the second light source light (121). The first light source (111) and the second light source (121) have different spectral power distributions. The light generating device (1000) further includes a control system configured to control one or more of the correlated color temperature, color rendering index, and color point of the device light (1001) by controlling the first light source (110) and the second light source (120). The light generating device (1000) is arranged to generate white light having a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 2700 K to 6500 K and a color rendering index of at least 80; and With respect to the base plane (330), the first prism surface (201) and the second prism surface (202) of the prism element (300) have a predetermined first base angle (β1), wherein the first light source light (111) has a first optical axis (O1), and wherein the second light source light (121) has a second optical axis (O2), wherein the first optical axis (O1) and the second optical axis (O2) have beam angles (α1, α2) with respect to the base plane (330), and the beam angles (α1, α2) are equal to or less than the corresponding base angle (β1).

2. The light generating device (1000) according to claim 1, wherein... (i) The first light source (110) includes a first laser source (10) and a collimating element (15), the first laser source (10) being configured to generate first laser light (11), and the collimating element (15) being configured to provide collimated first laser light (11), and (ii) The second light source (120) includes a second laser source (20) and a collimating element (25), the second laser source (20) being configured to generate second laser light (21), the collimating element (25) being configured to provide collimated second laser light (21), and wherein the collimating element (15, 25) includes a parabolic reflector.

3. The light generating device (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a heat conductor (400), wherein the plurality of light sources (100) numbered n and the prism element (300) are thermally coupled to the heat conductor (400).

4. The light generating device (1000) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the prism element (300) is reflective to the first light source light (111) and the second light source light (121).

5. The light generating device (1000) according to claim 4, wherein the first prism surface (201) and the second prism surface (202) of the prism element (300) define a first apex angle (γ1) selected from a range of 120° ± 10°.

6. The light generating device (1000) according to claim 4, wherein the first base angle (β1) is selected from the range of 30°±5°.

7. The light generating apparatus (1000) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the prism element (300) is refractive for the first light source light (111) and the second light source light (121), and wherein (i) the first light source (110) is configured to illuminate the first prism surface (201), wherein the first light source light (111) propagates to the first prism surface (201) via the prism element (300), and (ii) the second light source (120) is configured to illuminate the second prism surface (202), wherein the second light source light (121) propagates to the second prism surface (202) via the prism element (300).

8. The light generating apparatus (1000) according to claim 7, wherein the first prism surface (201) and the second prism surface (202) of the prism element (300) define a first apex angle (γ1) selected from the range of 55° ± 10°.

9. The light generating apparatus (1000) according to claim 7, wherein the prism element (300) includes a base plane (1330), wherein the first light source light (111) has a first optical axis (O1), and wherein the second light source light (121) has a second optical axis (O2), wherein the first optical axis (O1) and the second optical axis (O2) have beam incident angles (θ1, θ2) with respect to the normal (N) of the base plane (1330), wherein the beam incident angles (θ1, θ2) are selected from the range of 45° ± 10°.

10. The light generating device (1000) according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9, comprising a light-transmitting body (1300), wherein the prism element (300) is constituted by the light-transmitting body (1300).

11. The light generating apparatus (1000) according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 further includes a light-emitting material (500) disposed downstream of the prism element (300), wherein the light-emitting material (500) is configured to convert at least a portion of one or more of the first light source light (111) and the second light source light (121) into light-emitting material light (501).

12. The light generating device (1000) according to claim 11 further includes a ceramic body (1500) disposed downstream of the prism element (300), wherein the ceramic body (1500) includes the light-emitting material (500), and wherein the ceramic body (1500) is transmissive to at least a portion of one or more of the first light source light (111) and the second light source light (121).

13. The light generating device (1000) according to claim 12, wherein the light generating device (1000) is configured to generate device light (1001), the device light (1001) comprising one or more of the following: (i) the first light source light (111), (ii) the second light source light (121) and (iii) the light emitting material light, wherein the light generating device (1000) is configured to generate white device light in one or more operating modes of the light generating device (1000).

14. The light generating apparatus (1000) according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 12, wherein the color rendering index is at least 85.

15. An illuminator (2) comprising a light generating device (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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