Carrier transport layer for perovskite cells and method of preparation and use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of carrier transport layer for perovskite battery and its preparation method and application.The carrier transport layer for perovskite battery includes porous layer and dense layer;The porous layer is composed of metal oxide nanoparticles and has porous structure, at least local area of the porous structure is completely filled by the dense layer, so that the carrier transport layer is dense and pore-free.The carrier transport layer for perovskite battery provided by the application adopts double-layer structure, the double-layer structure can be complementary, simple to make, and the manufacturing process will not have negative impact on perovskite active layer, can use metal oxide as material, stable itself and will not decompose, at the same time, it is also helpful to improve the stability of perovskite device as a whole, in addition, by adjusting the composition of double layer respectively, the energy level of solar cell can be more matched, and the loss is smaller.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a carrier transport layer for a perovskite cell and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The structure of a perovskite solar cell is generally: substrate / transparent conductive layer / transport layer-1 / perovskite active layer / transport layer-2 / electrode. The substrate is generally a glass or flexible PET substrate, and the transparent conductive layer is ITO or FTO; the transport layer-1 can be an electron transport layer, such as SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, etc., or a hole transport layer, such as NiOx, PTAA, PEDOT:PSS, etc., and in some cases, the transport layer-1 can also be a composite of the above-mentioned materials; the perovskite active layer is the core of the device, and its composition is various, such as MAPbI3, FAPbI3, Cs0.05FA0.8MA0.15PbI3, etc.; the transport layer-2 is directly made on the surface of the perovskite active layer, and when the transport layer-1 is an electron transport layer, the transport layer-2 is a hole transport layer, and vice versa, and common materials include PCBM, Spiro-OMeTAD, SnO2, etc.; the electrode is finally made on the outermost layer of the device, and is generally a metal such as Au, Ag, Al, etc., or a transparent conductive electrode such as ITO, etc.

[0003] For the transport layer-2, the prior art has the following disadvantages:

[0004] 1. The materials with good effects, such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PCBM, etc., are often complex organic polymers, which have high cost and poor stability.

[0005] 2. Low-cost and stable transport layer materials, such as NiOx, TiO2, etc., are prepared on the surface of the perovskite, and in order to not adversely affect the perovskite active layer, the preparation conditions are subject to many restrictions, resulting in that the performance cannot be fully played, and the perovskite photovoltaic device has low efficiency. SUMMARY

[0006] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a carrier transport layer for a perovskite cell and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes of the application, the technical solutions adopted by the embodiments of the present application comprise:

[0008] One aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a carrier transport layer for a perovskite cell, comprising a porous layer and a dense layer; the porous layer is composed of metal oxide nanoparticles and has a porous structure, and the porous structure is completely filled by at least a local area of the dense layer, so that the carrier transport layer is dense and has no pores.

[0009] Further, the porous layer is completely covered by the dense layer.

[0010] Further, the dense layer comprises a metal oxide layer or an organic layer.

[0011] The embodiments of the present application also provide a preparation method of the carrier transport layer for the perovskite cell, comprising:

[0012] depositing metal oxide nanoparticles on a substrate to form a porous layer having a porous structure;

[0013] depositing a dense layer material on the surface and inside of the porous layer by a vapor deposition method, so that the porous structure is completely filled by the dense layer material, thereby forming the carrier transport layer.

[0014] Further, the substrate comprises an active layer of the perovskite cell.

[0015] Further, the preparation method of the carrier transport layer for the perovskite cell, comprises:

[0016] applying a dispersion liquid of metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of a substrate, thereby forming the porous layer;

[0017] Further, the preparation method of the carrier transport layer for the perovskite cell, comprises:

[0018] placing the substrate with the porous layer formed on the surface into a reaction chamber;

[0019] inputting a carrier gas carrying a dense layer material into the reaction chamber, and making the carrier gas fully contact with the porous layer, and making the dense layer material in the carrier gas deposit on the surface and inside of the porous layer, thereby forming the carrier transport layer,

[0020] or, inputting a carrier gas carrying one or more reaction precursors and / or one or more gas phase reaction precursors into the reaction chamber, and making the reaction precursors fully contact with the porous layer, and making the reaction precursors react to form the dense layer material and deposit on the surface and inside of the porous layer, thereby forming the carrier transport layer.

[0021] Further, the preparation method of the carrier transport layer for the perovskite cell, comprises:

[0022] passing a carrier gas through a dispersion or solution of the dense layer material or a liquid dense layer material, so as to obtain the carrier gas carrying the dense layer material;

[0023] or passing a carrier gas through a dispersion or solution containing one or more reaction precursors or one or more liquid reaction precursors, so as to obtain the carrier gas carrying one or more reaction precursors.

[0024] Further, the preparation method of the carrier transport layer of the perovskite battery comprises:

[0025] sequentially or alternately inputting the carrier gas carrying the first reaction precursor and the carrier gas carrying the second reaction precursor or the gaseous second reaction precursor into the reaction chamber, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor fully contact with the porous layer, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor react on the surface and inside of the porous layer to form the dense layer material, so as to form the carrier transport layer.

[0026] or, sequentially or alternately inputting the gaseous first reaction precursor and the gaseous second reaction precursor into the reaction chamber, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor fully contact with the porous layer, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor react on the surface and inside of the porous layer to form the dense layer material, so as to form the carrier transport layer.

[0027] The embodiment of the present application also provides a perovskite battery, which comprises a first electrode, a first carrier transport layer, an active layer, a second carrier transport layer and a second electrode which are sequentially arranged along a certain direction; the first carrier transport layer or the second carrier transport layer is the carrier transport layer described above.

[0028] The embodiment of the present application also provides a preparation method of a perovskite battery, which comprises the steps of manufacturing a first electrode, a first carrier transport layer, an active layer, a second carrier transport layer and a second electrode.

[0029] The step of manufacturing the first carrier transport layer or the second carrier transport layer comprises:

[0030] The carrier transport layer is manufactured on the active layer by using the method described above.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The carrier transport layer for perovskite battery of the application develops a double-layer transport layer (i.e. the composite of porous layer and dense layer), which is used as the transport layer arranged on the surface of the perovskite active layer in the perovskite solar cell, is simple to make, and the making process will not have negative effects on the perovskite active layer; metal oxides can be used as the material, which is stable and will not decompose, and can also help to improve the stability of the perovskite device as a whole.

[0033] (2) The carrier transport layer for perovskite battery and its preparation method and perovskite battery of the application develop a double-layer transport layer (i.e. the composite of porous layer and dense layer), the double-layer structure can complement each other, so the process requirements of each layer can be reduced, for example, the fault tolerance of impurities and defects is higher; in addition, by adjusting the composition of each layer of the double layer, the energy level of the solar cell can be matched more, and the loss is smaller.

[0034] (3) The preparation method of the carrier transport layer for perovskite battery of the application, due to the existence of the porous layer, the material constituting the dense layer needs to be deeply into the pores and be converted into solid state, so as to ensure the structure and function of the carrier transport layer; conventional film making methods such as spin coating, coating, magnetron sputtering and the like are not applicable here, because these methods cannot ensure that the dense layer formed can completely fill the holes formed by the porous layer, so that a large number of unfilled holes are left at the interface between the perovskite and the carrier transport layer, which has a great negative effect on the performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell; therefore, the carrier gas is used to carry the dense layer material, and the diffusion effect is used to deposit the dense layer material at the corresponding position, so as to ensure that there is no hole residual in the dense layer making process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creating any creative labor.

[0036] Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram of the perovskite battery in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a structure schematic diagram of the carrier transport layer in the embodiment.

[0038] Figure 3 is a preparation flow chart of the carrier transport layer in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 4 is a structure schematic diagram of a special cavity in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 5 is a device stability efficiency change graph of Example 1 and Comparative Example.

[0041] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 1, conductive substrate, 2, first transport layer, 3, perovskite active layer, 4, carrier transport layer, 41, porous layer, 42, dense layer, 5, electrode, 6, cavity, 7, gas inlet, 8, feeding port, 9, exhaust port, 10, discharging port, 11, substrate placement station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] One aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a carrier transport layer for perovskite cells, comprising a porous layer and a dense layer; the porous layer is composed of metal oxide nanoparticles and has a porous structure, and the porous structure is completely filled by at least a local area of the dense layer, so that the carrier transport layer is dense and has no pores.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the porous layer is 1 nm-100 nm.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, the particle size of the metal oxide nanoparticles is 5 nm-25 nm.

[0045] In some preferred embodiments, the porous layer is completely covered by the dense layer.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the dense layer can include a metal oxide layer or an organic layer, but is not limited thereto.

[0047] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned carrier transport layer for perovskite cells, comprising:

[0048] depositing metal oxide nanoparticles on a substrate to form a porous layer with a porous structure;

[0049] depositing a dense layer material on the surface and inside of the porous layer by a vapor deposition method, so that the porous structure is completely filled by the dense layer material, thereby forming the carrier transport layer.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments, the substrate can include an active layer of a perovskite cell, but is not limited thereto.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the carrier transport layer for perovskite cells comprises: applying a dispersion liquid of metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of a substrate, thereby forming the porous layer.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the carrier transport layer for perovskite cells comprises: placing a substrate with the porous layer formed on the surface of the substrate in a reaction chamber;

[0053] inputting a carrier gas carrying the dense layer material into the reaction chamber, and making the carrier gas fully contact with the porous layer, and making the dense layer material in the carrier gas deposit on the surface and inside of the porous layer, so as to form the carrier transport layer,

[0054] or, inputting a carrier gas carrying one or more reaction precursors and / or one or more gas-phase reaction precursors into the reaction chamber, and making the reaction precursors fully contact with the porous layer, and making the reaction precursors react to form the dense layer material and deposit on the surface and inside of the porous layer, so as to form the carrier transport layer.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the carrier transport layer of the perovskite cell comprises: making the carrier gas pass through a dispersion or solution containing the dense layer material or liquid dense layer material, so as to obtain the carrier gas carrying the dense layer material.

[0056] or, making the carrier gas pass through a dispersion or solution containing one or more reaction precursors or one or more liquid reaction precursors, so as to obtain the carrier gas carrying one or more reaction precursors.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the carrier transport layer of the perovskite cell comprises: sequentially or alternately inputting a carrier gas carrying a first reaction precursor and a carrier gas carrying a second reaction precursor or gaseous second reaction precursor into the reaction chamber, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor fully contact with the porous layer, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor react to form the dense layer material on the surface and inside of the porous layer, so as to form the carrier transport layer.

[0058] or, sequentially or alternately inputting a gaseous first reaction precursor and a gaseous second reaction precursor into the reaction chamber, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor fully contact with the porous layer, and making the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor react to form the dense layer material on the surface and inside of the porous layer, so as to form the carrier transport layer.

[0059] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application further provides a perovskite cell, comprising a first electrode, a first carrier transport layer, an active layer, a second carrier transport layer and a second electrode sequentially arranged along a certain direction; the first carrier transport layer or the second carrier transport layer is the carrier transport layer described above.

[0060] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application further provides a method for preparing a perovskite cell, comprising the steps of preparing a first electrode, a first carrier transport layer, an active layer, a second carrier transport layer and a second electrode.

[0061] The steps for fabricating the first or second carrier transport layer include:

[0062] The carrier transport layer is formed on the active layer using the method described above.

[0063] This invention relates to a carrier transport layer for perovskite solar cells and its fabrication method. A bilayer transport layer (i.e., a composite of a porous layer and a dense layer) is developed as a transport layer disposed on the surface of the perovskite active layer in perovskite solar cells. The fabrication process is simple and does not negatively affect the perovskite active layer. Metal oxides can be used as materials, which are stable and do not decompose, and also help improve the overall stability of perovskite devices.

[0064] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Example

[0066] This invention provides a perovskite solar cell, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a conductive substrate 1, a first transport layer 2, a perovskite active layer 3, a carrier transport layer 4, and an electrode 5, which are stacked sequentially. The specific structure of the carrier transport layer 4 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes a porous layer 41 and a dense layer 42. The porous layer 41 is composed of metal oxide nanoparticles with a particle size of 5nm-25nm and has a porous structure. The thickness of the porous layer 41 is 1nm-100nm. The porous layer 41 is completely covered by the dense layer 42, making the carrier transport layer dense and pore-free.

[0067] In this embodiment, the dense layer 42 is a metal oxide layer or an organic layer, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles and the metal oxide in the metal oxide layer are selected from any one of ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, and NiOx, and the organic layer is selected from any one of methyl 3′-phenyl-3′H-cyclopropane[1,9][5,6]fullerene-C60-Ih-3′-butyrate (PCBM) or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA).

[0068] Specifically, the conductive substrate 1 is selected from any one of FTO conductive glass, ITO conductive glass, FTO conductive plastic, and ITO conductive plastic; the first transport layer 2 can be an electron transport layer, the material of which is selected from any one of SnO2, ZnO, and TiO2; or it can be a hole transport layer, the material of which is selected from any one of NiOx, PTAA, and PEDOT:PSS; the perovskite active layer 3 has the structural formula MAPbI3, MA 0.15 The structural formula of PbI3(MA) is CH3NH 3+ ), FAPbI3, FA 0.85 MA 0.15 PbI3, Cs 0.05 FA 0.8 MA 0.15 The structural formula of PbI3(FA) is CH4N 2+ Any one of the following: when the first transport layer 2 is an electron transport layer, the carrier transport layer 4 is a hole transport layer; the electrode 5 is a metal electrode or a transparent electrode, wherein the metal electrode is selected from any one of Ag, Al, and Au, and the transparent electrode is selected from any one of ITO or IWO.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] This embodiment of the perovskite battery, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a conductive substrate 1, a first transport layer 2, a perovskite active layer 3, a carrier transport layer 4, and an electrode 5, which are stacked sequentially. The specific structure of the carrier transport layer 4 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes a porous layer 41 and a dense layer 42. The porous layer 41 is composed of metal oxide nanoparticles with a particle size of 5nm-25nm and has a porous structure. The thickness of the porous layer 41 is 1nm-100nm. The porous layer 41 is completely covered by the dense layer 42, making the carrier transport layer dense and pore-free.

[0071] The conductive substrate 1 is made of FTO conductive glass, the first transport layer 2 is made of NiO, and the perovskite active layer 3 has the structural formula FA. 0.85 MA 0.15 The structural formula of PbI3(FA) is CH4N 2+ The structural formula of MA is CH3NH 3+ The porous layer 41 is composed of np-TiO2 and has a porous structure, the dense layer 42 is made of PCBM, and the electrode 5 is made of Ag.

[0072] The method for preparing carrier transport layer 4 in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0073] A perovskite solar cell substrate with a perovskite active layer 3 is provided;

[0074] TiO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 5-25 nm are synthesized by a chemical method and dispersed in n-butanol, and then deposited on the surface of the perovskite active layer 3 using a spin coating process to form a porous layer 41 with a thickness of 1-100 nm;

[0075] 3'-phenyl-3'H-cyclopropa[1,9][5,6]fullerene-C60-Ih-3'-methyl butyrate (PCBM) is dissolved in chlorobenzene at a concentration of 10 mg / ml, high-purity nitrogen gas (99.999%) is introduced into the solution, and the returned "wet" nitrogen gas carrying a small amount of solution is collected;

[0076] A special cavity is provided, such as Figure 4 As shown, one cavity 6 provided with a pressure maintaining device, one end of the cavity 6 is sequentially provided from top to bottom with an air inlet 7 and a feeding port 8 in communication with the cavity 6, the other end is sequentially provided from top to bottom with an exhaust port 9 and a discharging port 10 in communication with the cavity 6, and a substrate placement station 11 is provided on the inner bottom surface of the cavity 6;

[0077] The perovskite battery substrate with the porous layer 41 is placed on the substrate placement station 11 through the feeding port 8;

[0078] Nitrogen gas carrying a small amount of solution is introduced from the air inlet 7 until the dense layer 42 is formed.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] The perovskite battery of this embodiment has the same structure as the perovskite battery of Example 1, except that the dense layer 42 uses TiO2 nanoparticles; wherein the preparation method of the carrier transport layer 4 comprises the following steps:

[0081] A perovskite battery substrate provided with a perovskite active layer 3 is provided;

[0082] TiO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 5-25 nm are synthesized by a chemical method and dispersed in n-butanol, and then deposited on the surface of the perovskite active layer 3 using a spin coating process to form a porous layer 41 with a thickness of 1-100 nm;

[0083] Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TiTIP) is heated to 50°C to melt into a liquid, and high-purity argon gas (99.999%) is introduced, and argon gas carrying liquid TiTIP is collected;

[0084] The perovskite battery substrate with the porous layer 41 is placed in the special cavity as shown in Figure 4 ;

[0085] Argon gas carrying liquid TiTIP was introduced into a dedicated chamber at a flow rate of 20 sccm for 30 seconds, and the dedicated chamber was heated to 75°C.

[0086] Oxygen is introduced into the dedicated cavity at a flow rate of 5 sccm for 30 seconds, causing the oxygen to react with the previously introduced TiTIP and generate TiO2 on the outer surface of the porous layer 41. This process is repeated until TiO2 grows to completely cover the porous layer 41, forming a dense layer 42.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] The perovskite solar cell in this embodiment has the same structure as the perovskite solar cell in Example 1, except that the dense layer 42 is made of SnO2 nanoparticles; the method for preparing the carrier transport layer 4 includes the following steps:

[0089] A perovskite solar cell substrate with a perovskite active layer 3 is provided;

[0090] TiO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 5nm-25nm were synthesized and dispersed in n-butanol by chemical methods, and then deposited on the surface of the perovskite active layer 3 by spin coating process to form a porous layer 41 with a thickness of 1nm-100nm.

[0091] Tetra(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn) was heated to 75°C to melt it into a liquid, and high-purity nitrogen gas (99.999%) was passed through it. The nitrogen gas carrying the liquid TDMASn was collected.

[0092] The perovskite solar cell substrate with a porous layer 41 will be placed in a substrate such as... Figure 4 The dedicated cavity shown;

[0093] Nitrogen gas carrying liquid TDMASn was introduced into a dedicated chamber at a flow rate of 20 sccm for 30 seconds, and the dedicated chamber was heated to 100°C.

[0094] Water vapor is introduced into the dedicated cavity at a flow rate of 5 sccm for 30 seconds, causing the water vapor to react with the previously introduced TDMASn, generating SnO2 on the outer surface of the porous layer 41. This process is repeated until SnO2 grows to completely cover the porous layer 41, forming a dense layer 42.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] The perovskite solar cell in this embodiment has the same structure as the perovskite solar cell in Example 1, except that: the material of the first transport layer 2 is selected from SnO2, and the structural formula of the perovskite active layer 3 is MAPbI3 (the structural formula of MA is CH3NH). 3+ The porous layer 41 is composed of np-Al2O3 and has a porous structure, the dense layer 42 is made of PTAA, and the electrode 5 is made of Au.

[0097] The preparation method of the carrier transport layer 4 in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0098] A perovskite battery substrate provided with a perovskite active layer 3 is provided;

[0099] Al2O3 nanoparticles with a particle size of about 25 nm are synthesized by a chemical method and dispersed in isopropyl alcohol, and then deposited on the surface of the perovskite active layer 3 using a spin coating process to form a porous layer 41 with a thickness of 25-100 nm;

[0100] Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) is dissolved in chlorobenzene at a concentration of 10 mg / ml, high-purity nitrogen gas (99.999%) is introduced into the solution, and the "wet" nitrogen gas carrying a small amount of solution returned is collected;

[0101] The perovskite battery substrate with the porous layer 41 formed is placed in a special cavity as shown in Figure 4 ;

[0102] Nitrogen gas carrying a small amount of solution is introduced from the gas inlet 7 until the dense layer 42 is formed.

[0103] Comparative Examples

[0104] This comparative example provides a perovskite battery which has a structure basically the same as that of Example 1, with the difference being that the carrier transport layer 4 of this comparative example adopts a single-layer transport layer structure. Specifically, Comparative Example 1 only uses a porous layer formed of metal oxide nanoparticles as the carrier transport layer, and Comparative Example 2 only uses a dense layer as the carrier transport layer.

[0105] Among them, the specific device structure of Example 1 and the comparative examples is shown in Table 1 below:

[0106] Table 1 Specific device structure of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 & 2

[0107]

[0108] The perovskite batteries of Example 1 and the comparative examples are tested for performance, and the test is divided into solar cell efficiency test and stability test, the efficiency test results are shown in Table 2, the stability test is shown in Table 3 and Figure 5 (three kinds of structure devices are placed in the atmospheric environment (T≈25℃, RH=30%-60%), and the efficiency is tested every certain period of time).

[0109] Table 2 Device efficiency test results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 & 2

[0110] Voc (V) Jsc(mA / cm 2 )]]> Fill Factor (%) Efficiency (%) Example 1 1.0512 20.1073 74.2247 15.688 Comparative Example 1 0.9821 18.7011 58.9798 10.833 Comparative Example 2 1.0383 20.2005 72.7490 15.258

[0111] As can be seen from Table 2, the device efficiency of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are similar, while the device with only the porous layer 41 (i.e. Comparative Example 1) has much lower efficiency than the former.

[0112] Table 3 Device stability test results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 & 2

[0113]

[0114] As can be seen from Table 3 and Figure 5 It can be seen that after 30 days of aging test in the atmosphere, the efficiency of Example 1 is basically maintained, while the efficiency of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 both show different degrees of decline, which shows the excellent stability of Example 1.

[0115] In addition, the inventors of the present case also refer to the foregoing examples, and other raw materials, process operations, process conditions described in the specification are tested, and ideal results are obtained.

[0116] Although the present application has been described with reference to the illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions, and / or additions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present application without departing from the scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the present application not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated otherwise, any use of the terms first, second, etc., does not indicate any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.

Claims

1. A carrier transport layer for perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, It includes a porous layer and a dense layer; the porous layer is composed of metal oxide nanoparticles and has a porous structure, and the porous structure is completely filled by a portion of the dense layer, making the carrier transport layer dense and pore-free. The carrier transport layer for the perovskite solar cell is prepared by the following method: Metal oxide nanoparticles are deposited on a substrate to form a porous layer with a porous structure; a dense layer material is deposited on the surface and inside of the porous layer by vapor deposition, so that the porous structure is completely filled with the dense layer material, thereby forming the carrier transport layer.

2. The carrier transport layer for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the porous layer is 1nm-100nm.

3. The carrier transport layer for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the metal oxide nanoparticles is 5nm-25nm.

4. The carrier transport layer for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous layer is completely covered by the dense layer.

5. The carrier transport layer for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dense layer includes a metal oxide layer or an organic layer.

6. A method for fabricating a carrier transport layer for perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, include: Metal oxide nanoparticles are deposited on a substrate to form a porous layer with a porous structure. A dense layer material is deposited on the surface and inside of the porous layer by vapor deposition, so that the porous structure is completely filled with the dense layer material, thereby forming the carrier transport layer.

7. The method for preparing the carrier transport layer of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate includes the active layer of a perovskite solar cell.

8. The method for preparing the carrier transport layer of a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, include: A dispersion of metal oxide nanoparticles is applied to the substrate surface to form the porous layer.

9. The method for preparing the carrier transport layer of a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that, include: The substrate with the porous layer formed on its surface is placed in the reaction chamber; A carrier gas carrying a dense layer material is introduced into the reaction chamber, and the carrier gas is brought into full contact with the porous layer, causing the dense layer material to deposit on the surface and inside the porous layer, thereby forming the carrier transport layer. Alternatively, a carrier gas carrying one or more reaction precursors and / or one or more gas-phase reaction precursors may be introduced into the reaction chamber, and the reaction precursors may be brought into full contact with the porous layer, and the reaction precursors may be reacted to form a dense layer material and deposited on the surface and inside the porous layer, thereby forming the carrier transport layer.

10. The method for preparing the carrier transport layer of a perovskite solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that, include: The carrier gas is passed through a dispersion or solution of the dense layer material or a liquid dense layer material to obtain the carrier gas carrying the dense layer material; Alternatively, the carrier gas can be passed through a dispersion or solution containing one or more reaction precursors or one or more liquid reaction precursors to obtain the carrier gas carrying one or more reaction precursors.

11. The method for preparing the carrier transport layer of a perovskite solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that, include: The carrier gas carrying the first reaction precursor and the carrier gas carrying the second reaction precursor or the gaseous second reaction precursor are sequentially or alternately introduced into the reaction chamber, and the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor are fully contacted with the porous layer, and the first reaction precursor and the second reaction precursor react on the surface and inside of the porous layer to form the dense layer material, thereby forming the carrier transport layer. Alternatively, a gaseous first reaction precursor and a gaseous second reaction precursor are sequentially or alternately introduced into the reaction chamber, and both the first and second reaction precursors are brought into full contact with the porous layer. The first and second reaction precursors react on the surface and inside the porous layer to form the dense layer material, thereby forming the carrier transport layer.

12. A perovskite solar cell, comprising a first electrode, a first carrier transport layer, an active layer, a second carrier transport layer, and a second electrode sequentially distributed along a predetermined direction; characterized in that, The first carrier transport layer or the second carrier transport layer is the carrier transport layer according to any one of claims 1-5.

13. A method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell, comprising the steps of fabricating a first electrode, a first carrier transport layer, an active layer, a second carrier transport layer, and a second electrode; Its features are, The steps for fabricating the first or second carrier transport layer include: A carrier transport layer is formed on the active layer using the method described in any one of claims 6-11.

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