Antenna assembly and electronic device

Abstract

This application provides an antenna assembly and an electronic device. In the field of antenna technology, this allows for the expansion of the polarization direction of an antenna in a relatively simple way, and the antenna assembly occupies a small space. The antenna assembly includes: a first antenna arm, a second antenna arm, a ground portion, a feed portion, and a switch; the feed portion includes a ground portion and a signal line portion spaced apart. The ground portion is connected in series with the switch. The first antenna arm is electrically connected to the ground portion through the series-connected switch and the ground portion. The switch is used to selectively connect or disconnect the first antenna arm from the ground portion; the signal line portion is electrically connected to the second antenna arm and feeds the antenna assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna assembly and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Dipole antennas have wide applications as a type of antenna. However, in a fixed structure, the polarization direction of a dipole antenna is fixed. Therefore, to achieve a wider radiation range, reconfigurable antennas based on dipole antennas have emerged. These reconfigurable antennas change their polarization direction by switching on a switch. One approach is to combine multiple dipole antennas together, using a switch to select which antenna is active and which is inactive, thus obtaining different polarization directions. Another approach is to add parasitic elements to the dipole antenna, using a switch to connect or disconnect these parasitic elements, and using the parasitic power supply to change the current distribution of the antenna, thereby changing the polarization direction. Both of these approaches are relatively complex and require considerable space. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna assembly and electronic device that can extend the polarization direction of the antenna in a relatively simple way, and the antenna assembly occupies less space.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna assembly, including: a first antenna arm, a second antenna arm, a grounding portion, a feeding portion, and a switch; the feeding portion includes a grounding portion and a signal line portion spaced apart, the grounding portion is connected in series with the switch, the first antenna arm is electrically connected to the grounding portion through the series-connected switch and the grounding portion, and the switch is used to selectively connect or disconnect the first antenna arm from the grounding portion; the signal line portion is electrically connected to the second antenna arm and feeds the antenna assembly.

[0005] In one possible implementation, in a first state, the switch is turned on, and the first antenna arm, the second antenna arm, the grounding part, and the feed part form a dipole antenna; in a second state, the switch is turned off, and the first antenna arm, the second antenna arm, the grounding part, and the feed part form a monopole antenna.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the grounding portion is a plate-like structure; the first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are located on the same side of the grounding portion.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the power supply section is a microstrip line.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the feed section is a coaxial line; the ground section has a first surface facing the feed section; and both the first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are spaced apart from the first surface.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first antenna arm includes a first straight extension extending from the feed section; the second antenna arm includes a second straight extension extending from the feed section.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first straight extension and the second straight extension extend along the same straight line.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the first antenna arm further includes a first arcuate extension extending from one end of the first straight extension away from the feed portion; the second antenna arm further includes a second arcuate extension extending from one end of the second straight extension away from the feed portion.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the orthographic projection of the first straight extension on the first surface extends from the non-edge of the first surface to the edge of the first surface, and the orthographic projection of the second straight extension on the first surface extends from the non-edge of the first surface to the edge of the first surface; the orthographic projections of the first arc extension and the second arc extension on the first surface extend along the edge of the first surface.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the power supply section is a parallel double line, and the grounding section is arranged parallel to and indirectly coupled to the signal line section.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are connected in series with a capacitor via a ground portion and a signal line portion, with one electrode plate of the capacitor connected to the ground portion and the other electrode plate of the capacitor connected to the signal line portion.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the grounding portion has a first surface facing the feeding portion, the feeding portion being located at the edge of the first surface; the first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are both spaced apart from the first surface and located on the same side of the first surface.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the orthographic projections of the first antenna arm and the second antenna arm on the first surface extend along the edge of the first surface.

[0017] Secondly, the present application provides an electronic device including the aforementioned antenna assembly.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a wireless earphone, which includes an earbud portion and an ear stem portion, with an antenna assembly disposed on the ear stem portion.

[0019] In one possible implementation, at least a portion of the first antenna arm and at least a portion of the second antenna arm are disposed on the outer surface, inner surface, or within the housing of the ear stem portion.

[0020] In the antenna assembly and electronic device of this application embodiment, the first antenna arm is electrically connected to the ground part through a series switch and a ground part, so that the antenna assembly can have different polarization directions under the control of the switch. That is, the polarization direction of the antenna is extended in a relatively simple way, and the space occupied by the antenna assembly is small. Only the switching device is added. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to set multiple dipole antennas or additional parasitic units. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 1b for Figure 1a A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure along the AA' direction;

[0023] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of another antenna assembly in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2b for Figure 2a A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure along the BB' direction;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1a An equivalent schematic diagram of the antenna assembly in the first state;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 1a A schematic diagram of the current simulation of the antenna assembly in the first state;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 1a An equivalent schematic diagram of the antenna assembly in the second state;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 1a A schematic diagram of the current simulation of the antenna assembly in the second state;

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 1a A schematic diagram of the S11 curve of the antenna assembly;

[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 1a A schematic diagram of the efficiency curve of the antenna assembly;

[0031] Figure 9 for Figure 1a The radiation pattern of the medium antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz with Phi = 0°;

[0032] Figure 10 for Figure 1aThe radiation pattern of the medium antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz with Phi = 90°;

[0033] Figure 11 for Figure 1a The radiation pattern of the medium antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz with Theta = 90°;

[0034] Figure 12a This is a schematic diagram of another antenna assembly in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 12b for Figure 12a An enlarged schematic diagram of a local structure in the middle;

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the antenna assembly in Figure 12;

[0037] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna assembly in Figure 12 with some parts omitted.

[0038] Figure 15 for Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the antenna assembly with some parts omitted;

[0039] Figure 16 for Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the antenna assembly with some parts omitted;

[0040] Figure 17 for Figure 12a A schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna assembly.

[0041] Figure 18 for Figure 12a A schematic diagram of the S11 curve of the antenna assembly;

[0042] Figure 19 for Figure 12a A schematic diagram of the efficiency curve of the antenna assembly;

[0043] Figure 20 for Figure 12a The radiation pattern of the antenna assembly in the second state;

[0044] Figure 21 for Figure 12a The radiation pattern of the antenna assembly in the first state;

[0045] Figure 22 for Figure 12a The radiation pattern of the medium antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz with Phi = 90°;

[0046] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna assembly in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 24 for Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the antenna assembly with some parts omitted;

[0048] Figure 25 for Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna assembly.

[0049] Figure 26 for Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the S11 curve of the antenna assembly;

[0050] Figure 27 for Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the efficiency curve of the antenna assembly;

[0051] Figure 28 for Figure 23 The radiation pattern of the antenna assembly in the second state;

[0052] Figure 29 for Figure 23 The radiation pattern of the antenna assembly in the first state;

[0053] Figure 30 for Figure 23 Radiation pattern of the mid-band antenna sub-assembly at 2.44 GHz frequency with Phi = 90°. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is for the purpose of explaining specific embodiments of this application only, and is not intended to limit this application.

[0055] Electrical connection: can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components, or as the connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as PCB copper foil or wires.

[0056] like Figure 1a and Figure 1bAs shown, this application provides an antenna assembly 100, including: a first antenna arm 1, a second antenna arm 2, a grounding portion 3, a feeding portion 4, and a switch 6. Here, the grounding portion 3 is described as a plate-like structure; in other feasible embodiments, the grounding portion 3 can also have other structures. The feeding portion 4 includes a grounding portion 41 and a signal line portion 42 spaced apart. The grounding portion 41 is connected in series with the switch 6. The first antenna arm 1 is electrically connected to the grounding portion 3 via the series-connected switch 6 and grounding portion 41. The switch 6 is used to selectively connect or disconnect the first antenna arm 1 from the grounding portion 3. The signal line portion 42 is electrically connected to the second antenna arm 2 and feeds the antenna assembly 100. The signal line portion 42 is used to connect to a signal source to feed the antenna assembly 100. It is understood that the switch 6 included in the antenna assembly 100 can be a switch structure independently belonging to the antenna assembly 100, or it can reuse other switch structures outside the antenna assembly 100. The first antenna arm is electrically connected to the grounding part through a series of switches and a grounding part. This allows the antenna assembly to have different polarization directions under the control of the switches. In other words, the polarization direction of the antenna is extended in a relatively simple way, and the space occupied by the antenna assembly is small. Only the switching device is added. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to set up multiple dipole antennas or additional parasitic units.

[0057] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1a , Figure 1b , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in the first state, switch 6 is turned on, and the first antenna arm 1, the second antenna arm 2, the grounding part 3, and the feed part 4 form a dipole antenna. It should be noted that... Figure 3 The diagram does not depict the actual structure of the antenna assembly, but rather the electrical connections between the components. When switch 6 is turned on, the first antenna arm 1 is connected to the plate-shaped grounding part 3 via grounding part 41 and switch 6 for grounding. The radio frequency currents on a portion of the first antenna arm 1 and a portion of the second antenna arm 2 remain in the same direction (e.g., Figure 4 (As shown in the direction from left to right), and the current is near the ends of the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2, for example... Figure 4 The current reaches its peak at position B, and the current in the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 flows approximately horizontally, generating a reverse current (e.g., on a portion of the grounding portion 3, near the edge of antenna arms 1 and 2 on the plate-shaped grounding portion 3) at a point (e.g., near the edge of antenna arms 1 and 2). Figure 4 The induced current is shown in the direction from right to left. The direction of strongest antenna radiation is perpendicular to the current direction. For example, in the first state, the radiation direction of the antenna assembly can be the vertical direction as shown in Figure 1, such as horizontal polarization.

[0058] like Figure 1a , Figure 1b , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in the second state, the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3 are disconnected, for example, the switch 6 is turned off (or open). The first antenna arm 1 then becomes a suspended metal. When the coupling between the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 is strong enough, the first antenna arm 1 can also radiate. For example, the first antenna arm 1, the second antenna arm 2, the grounding part 3, and the feed part 4 form a monopole antenna. Current flows from the antenna arm to the grounding part 3, and the current on the grounding part 3 flows towards the location where the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3 are disconnected (e.g.,...). Figure 6 (Located near the upper edge), therefore, most of the current flows longitudinally (from bottom to top or from top to bottom) on the plate-shaped grounding portion 3. For example, in the second state, the radiation direction of the antenna assembly can be the horizontal direction shown in Figure 1, such as vertical polarization.

[0059] Understandably, for antenna assembly 100, which is designed to be horizontally and vertically polarized, the polarization direction may deflect orthogonally (90°) by ±30° due to various interferences in actual products, which is within the acceptable range of this application.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 1b As shown, for example, the grounding portion 41 includes a grounding portion 41 connected to the first antenna arm 1. The grounding portion 41 is connected to the grounding portion 3 via a switch 6. In the first state, the switch 6 is turned on, and the antenna assembly forms a half-wavelength dipole antenna. The first antenna arm 1 can be understood as the negative pole of the antenna, and the second antenna arm 2 can be understood as the positive pole of the antenna. In the second state, the grounding portion body and the grounding portion 3 are disconnected, for example, the switch 6 is turned off, and the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding portion 41 become floating metal. When the coupling between the grounding portion 41 and the signal line portion 42 is strong enough, the first antenna arm 1 can also radiate, for example, forming a... Figure 5 The T-type monopole antenna shown.

[0061] Assuming the impedance of switch 6 is 0 ohms when it is on and the parasitic capacitance of switch 6 is 0.5 pF when it is off, the antenna assembly shown in Figures 1 and 2 is simulated to obtain... Figure 7 and Figure 8 The curve shown is in Figure 7 In the diagram, S11a represents the S11 curve in the first state, and S11b represents the S11 curve in the second state. Figure 8 In the diagram, ERa represents the radiation efficiency curve in the first state, ERb represents the radiation efficiency curve in the second state, ETa represents the system efficiency curve in the first state, and ETb represents the system efficiency curve in the second state. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents gain in dB. Figure 7 and Figure 8It can be seen that the antenna assembly radiation under both states can meet the requirements.

[0062] In addition, through the Figure 1a and Figure 1b Simulation of the antenna assembly shown can also yield results such as... Figures 9-11 The antenna pattern shown is as follows, in which, Figure 9 The radiation pattern of the antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz with Phi = 0° is illustrated. Figure 10 The radiation pattern of the antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz with Phi = 90° is illustrated. Figure 11 The radiation pattern of the antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz with Theta = 90° is illustrated. Figures 9-11 In the diagram, 'a' represents the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly in the first state, 'b' represents the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly in the second state, 'ad' represents the polarization direction of the antenna assembly in the first state, and 'bd' represents the polarization direction of the antenna assembly in the second state. The 'fork' shape indicates a direction perpendicular to the plane containing the radiation pattern. It can be seen that by controlling the state of switch 6, the antenna assembly switches between the first and second states, causing a near 90° reversal in its polarization direction. It should be noted that switch 6 is not shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, it should be noted that in this embodiment, "connection" can be a direct connection between two structures or an indirect connection between two structures via other components.

[0063] In the antenna assembly of this application embodiment, the first antenna arm is electrically connected to the grounding part through a series switch and a grounding part, so that the antenna assembly can be switched between a first state and a second state under the control of the switch. In the first state, the switch is turned on and the antenna assembly forms a dipole antenna. In the second state, the switch is turned off and the antenna assembly forms a monopole antenna. The antenna assembly has different polarization directions in the first state and the second state, that is, the polarization direction of the antenna is extended in a relatively simple way, and the space occupied by the antenna assembly is small. Only the switching device is added. Other components can be the structure of the dipole antenna itself. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to set multiple dipole antennas or additional parasitic units.

[0064] Expanding the antenna polarization direction allows for more flexible communication methods for electronic devices equipped with antenna components. For example, in a wireless headset where the antenna component is located, the relative positions of the headset and phone frequently change based on user activity. This relative position affects the polarization direction of their antennas, and the degree of matching between these polarization directions influences the communication signal strength. The wireless headset can adjust the antenna polarization direction based on the signal strength. For instance, if the signal strength is weak under the current polarization direction, the antenna component can be switched to another polarization direction to better match the headset's polarization with the phone's, improving communication strength. Since the user's activity may change the relative position of the headset and phone, if this change causes a mismatch between the headset's and phone's polarization, the signal strength will weaken. In this case, the headset can again switch the antenna polarization direction to achieve dynamic adjustment and improve signal transmission.

[0065] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1a and Figure 1bAs shown, the grounding part 3 is a plate-shaped structure, which can be implemented, for example, by a printed circuit board (PCB). The first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are located on the same side of the grounding part 3. The same side includes the same side surface, that is, the case where the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are located on the same side surface of the grounding part 3. For example, the plane where the first antenna arm 1 is located is the same plane as the plane where the plate-shaped grounding part 3 is located, or the plane where the first antenna arm 1 is located is parallel to the plane where the plate-shaped grounding part 3 is located. For example, the plane where the second antenna arm 2 is located is the same plane as the plane where the plate-shaped grounding part 3 is located, or the plane where the second antenna arm 2 is located is parallel to the plane where the grounding part 3 is located. As long as it is ensured that when the switch 6 is turned on, the first antenna arm 1, the second antenna arm 2, the grounding part 3 and the feed part 4 form a dipole antenna, and when the switch 6 is turned off, the first antenna arm 1, the second antenna arm 2, the grounding part 3 and the feed part 4 form a monopole antenna. The first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are located on the side of the grounding part 3, meaning that in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the grounding part 3 is located, the orthographic projections of the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3 do not overlap, and the orthographic projections of the second antenna arm 2 and the grounding part 3 do not overlap. It should be noted that in actual products, the parallelism of the two planes is permissible. An angle between the two planes within 30° is considered within the acceptable parallel range of this application. For example, an angle within 30° between the plane containing the second antenna arm 2 and the plane containing the grounding part 3, or an angle within 30° between the plane containing the first antenna arm 1 and the plane containing the grounding part 3, can both be considered parallel.

[0066] For example, the grounding part 3 is a square plate structure with a side length of 40mm, the first antenna arm 1 is a rectangular plate structure with a length of 28mm and a width of 1mm, the second antenna arm 2 is a rectangle with a length of 28mm and a width of 4.5mm, the grounding part 41 is a rectangular plate structure with a length of 4.5mm and a width of 4mm, the distance between the grounding part 41 and the grounding part 3 is 0.5mm, the signal line part 42 is a rectangular plate structure with a width of 0.5mm, and the distance between the grounding part 41 or the signal line part 42 is 0.1mm.

[0067] It should be noted that, in Figure 1a and Figure 1b In the structural example shown, the grounding part 41 is electrically connected to the first antenna arm 1, and the grounding part 41 is electrically connected to the grounding part 3 through the switch 6. This structure of the grounding part 41 is only an example. The specific structure of the grounding part 41 is not limited in the embodiments of this application, as long as it can realize that the first antenna arm 1 is electrically connected to the grounding part 3 through the grounding part 41 and the switch 6, and the connection or disconnection between the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3 can be controlled by the switch 6.

[0068] In other feasible implementations, the first antenna arm 1 can be electrically connected to the grounding part 41 via a switch, and the grounding part 41 can be electrically connected to the grounding part 3. In this way, the switch can also be connected in series between the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3. For example, the first antenna arm 1 can be electrically connected to the grounding part 3 via the grounding part 41 and the switch 6, and the switch 6 can control the connection or disconnection between the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3. Alternatively, the grounding part 41 can be configured to include a first grounding part body and a second grounding part body. The first grounding part body is electrically connected to the first antenna arm 1, and the first grounding part body is electrically connected to the second grounding part body via a switch. The second grounding part body is electrically connected to the grounding part 3. In this way, the switch can also be connected in series between the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3. For example, the first antenna arm 1 can be electrically connected to the grounding part 3 via the grounding part 41 and the switch 6, and the switch 6 can control the connection or disconnection between the first antenna arm 1 and the grounding part 3.

[0069] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1a and Figure 1b As shown, the power supply section 4 is a microstrip line. Understandably, in other feasible embodiments, the power supply section 4 may also be other types of transmission lines.

[0070] It should be noted that, in the above Figure 1a and Figure 1b The structure shown omits part of the signal line portion 42. The relationship between the signal line portion 42 and the ground portion 3 will be explained below with a more specific example. In one possible implementation, as... Figure 2a and Figure 2b As shown, for example, the antenna assembly is implemented using a PCB. The PCB can consist of a grounded metal structure, various signal lines, and components. In, for example, a double-layer PCB structure, the plate-shaped grounding portion 3 can be a double-layer structure, so that the grounding portion 3 forms a trench through the double-layer structure. The grounded metal plate on the first layer of the PCB serves as the first layer structure of the grounding portion 3, and the grounded metal plate on the second layer of the PCB serves as the second layer structure of the grounding portion 3. Even if the grounding portion 3 and the trench on the grounding portion 3 are formed on the double-layer PCB, the signal line portion 42 can extend in the trench of the grounding portion 3. The signal line portion 42 and the grounding portion 3 can be insulated from each other by an insulating layer. It should be noted that, in possible embodiments, in order to match the impedance, the signal line portion 42 can also be electrically connected to the grounding portion 3 by a matching device (e.g., a capacitor or a signal line equivalent to an inductor). Since both layers of the grounding portion 3 are at ground potential, the portion of the signal line 42 extending into the trench of the grounding portion 3 is only used for signal transmission and does not generate radiation. The signal line 42 radiates from the point where it is exposed from the grounding structure; this point is the feed point, for example, when the switch (in) Figure 2a and Figure 2bThe switch is not shown in the image. Figure 2a and Figure 2b In the structure shown, taking the example of grounding part 41 being electrically connected to grounding part 3 via a switch for explanation, when the switch is off, grounding part 41 and grounding part 3 are disconnected at position A, and signal line part 42 is exposed from the grounded structure at position A, starting to radiate at position A. At this time, position A is the feed point. When the switch is on, grounding part 41 and grounding part 3 are connected at position A. A similar groove is also provided on grounding part 41, and signal line part 42 extends in the groove of grounding part 41 until position B, where signal line part 42 is exposed from the groove of grounding part 41, starting to radiate at position B. At this time, position B is the feed point.

[0071] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 12a-17 As shown, the power supply unit 4 is a coaxial line. Figure 12b A specific schematic diagram of a coaxial cable structure is given.

[0072] like Figure 12a As shown, the grounding portion 3 has a first surface 31 facing the feeding portion 4, which may be perpendicular to the first surface 31. The first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are both opposite to the first surface 31. For example, the first surface 31 of the grounding portion 3 faces the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2, and the first surface 31 and the first antenna arm 1 are spaced apart. The first surface 31 and the second antenna arm 2 are also spaced apart. For example, the extension directions of the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 may be parallel to the first surface 31. The first surface 31 may have grooves or holes to allow the signal line portion 42 to extend through the grooves or holes on the first surface 31 to connect to the signal source. The grounding portion 3 may be, for example, a grounding portion made of metal components such as a PCB or battery in the earphone, and is shown in the figure as a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 9mm and a height of 10mm. The first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are supported by a support 7, which can be made of, for example, plastic. A coaxial cable is a type of transmission line, comprising an inner conductor and an outer conductor. One of the inner and outer conductors is a grounding portion, and the other is a signal line portion. The following explanation will use the example of the inner conductor being the signal line portion and the outer conductor being the grounding portion. Figure 12b and Figure 17As shown, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable, serving as the signal line portion 42, extends from the first surface 31 to the location of the antenna arm. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable, serving as the grounding portion 41, is electrically connected to the first surface 31 of the grounding portion 3 via the switch 6. It should be noted that in actual products, the perpendicularity between the strip structure and the plane is permissible. An angle between the strip structure and the normal to the plane within 30° is considered acceptable within the perpendicularity range of this application. For example, an angle between the feed portion 4 and the normal to the first surface 31 within 30° can be considered perpendicular to the first surface 31. Furthermore, it should be noted that in actual products, the parallelism between the extension direction of the antenna arm and the first surface is permissible. An angle between the extension direction of the antenna arm and the plane containing the first surface within 30° is considered acceptable within the parallelism range of this application. For example, an angle between the extension direction of the first antenna arm 1 and the plane containing the first surface 31 within 30°, and an angle between the extension direction of the second antenna arm 2 and the plane containing the first surface 31 within 30°, can both be considered parallel.

[0073] For example, embodiments of this application can be applied to electronic devices, specifically wireless headphones. The wireless headphones include an earbud portion and an ear stem portion. The ear stem portion of the headphones, for example, has an approximately strip-shaped or approximately cylindrical structure. Figures 12a-17 The structure shown can be conveniently positioned on the ear stem to fit the overall appearance of the earphone. The first surface 31 of the grounding portion 3 faces away from the earbud portion, ensuring the antenna assembly's radiation direction is away from the user, thus minimizing interference from the user when the antenna assembly radiates or receives signals. In wireless earphone usage scenarios, the earphone's position and orientation are related to the user's usage status. Since the user's wearing status and position frequently change, the earphone requires switching of the antenna polarization direction. For example, if the current antenna polarization direction has a weak signal strength due to changes in the user's wearing status or position, the antenna assembly can be switched to another orthogonal polarization direction to improve signal strength. Furthermore, to ensure portability and wearing comfort, the antenna assembly needs to achieve switching between different polarization directions within a small space footprint.

[0074] The first antenna arm 1 includes a first extension 11 extending from the feed section 4, and the second antenna arm 2 includes a second extension 21 extending from the feed section 4. In one possible embodiment, the first extension 11 and the second extension 21 are respectively a first straight extension 11 and a second straight extension 21. It should be understood that the first extension 11 and the second extension 21 may also be non-straight-line extensions. The first straight extension 11 and the second straight extension 21 may extend along the same straight line or in different directions.

[0075] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 12a-17As shown, the first antenna arm 1 also includes a first arcuate extension 12 extending from the end of the first extension 11 away from the feed section 4, and the second antenna arm 2 also includes a second arcuate extension 22 extending from the end of the second extension 21 away from the feed section 4.

[0076] In one possible implementation, a portion of the first antenna arm 1 and a portion of the second antenna arm 2 may conform to the appearance of the ear stem portion. For example, the first arcuate extension 12 and the second arcuate extension 22 may conform to the appearance of the ear stem portion. For example, the arcuate extensions 12 and 22 may be designed as the housing of the ear stem portion. For instance, the arcuate extensions 12 and 22 may be disposed on the outer surface of the housing, the inner surface of the housing, or within the housing of the ear stem portion.

[0077] It should be understood that the lengths of the first extension 11 and the second extension 21 are related to the operating frequency of the antenna assembly; or, the total length of the first extension 11 and the first arcuate extension 12, and the total length of the second extension 21 and the second arcuate extension 22, are related to the operating frequency of the antenna assembly. These can be designed according to actual needs, and this application does not limit the length of each extension. The length here can be considered as the electrical length. Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium to the time required for this signal to travel a distance equal to the physical length of the medium in free space. Electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0080] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0083] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 12a-17As shown, the orthographic projection of the first extension 11 on the first surface 31 extends from the non-edge of the first surface 31 to the edge of the first surface 31, and the orthographic projection of the second extension 21 on the first surface 31 extends from the non-edge of the first surface 31 to the edge of the first surface 31; the orthographic projections of the first arcuate extension 12 and the second arcuate extension 22 on the first surface 31 extend along the edge of the first surface 31 or inside / outside the edge of the first surface 31. For example, the orthographic projections of the first extension 11 and the second extension 21 on the first surface 31 both extend in opposite directions from a position close to the center of the first surface 31, as long as the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 can form antenna arms of a dipole antenna in the first state and antenna arms of a monopole antenna in the second state.

[0084] right Figures 12a-17 Simulation of the antenna assembly shown yields the following results: Figure 18 and Figure 19 The curves shown and as Figures 20-22 The antenna pattern shown is as follows, in which... Figure 18 In the diagram, S11a represents the S11 curve in the first state, and S11b represents the S11 curve in the second state. Figure 19 In the diagram, ERa represents the radiation efficiency curve in the first state, ERb represents the radiation efficiency curve in the second state, ETa represents the system efficiency curve in the first state, and ETb represents the system efficiency curve in the second state. Figure 18 and Figure 19 The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the overall axis represents gain in dB. Figure 20 The diagram illustrates the radiation direction of the antenna assembly in its second state, where the double-headed arrows filled with diagonal lines indicate the radiation direction, meaning the radiation direction is the same as or close to the z-axis direction. Figure 21 This diagram illustrates the radiation direction of the antenna in its first state, where the double-headed arrow filled with diagonal lines indicates the radiation direction, meaning the radiation direction is close to the x-axis direction. Figure 22 The diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly at a frequency of 2.44 GHz with Phi = 90°. Here, a represents the radiation direction of the antenna assembly in the first state, b represents the radiation direction of the antenna assembly in the second state, ad represents the polarization direction of the antenna assembly in the first state, and bd represents the polarization direction of the antenna assembly in the second state. It can be seen that, provided the antenna efficiency meets the requirements, switching the antenna assembly between the first and second states via switch 6 results in a near 90° reversal of the polarization direction. It should be noted that switch 6 is not shown in Figures 12-16. Figure 14 Support part 7 is not shown in the diagram. Figure 15 The support portion 7 and the grounding portion 41 are not shown. Figure 16Only the relationship between the first antenna arm 1, the second antenna arm 2, and the feed section 4 is shown. Figure 17 The relationship between part of the power supply section 4 and part of the grounding section 3 is only shown.

[0085] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 23-24 As shown, the power supply section 4 is a parallel double line. The grounding section 41 and the signal line section 42 are arranged in parallel and indirectly coupled. Indirect coupling means that they are spaced apart and have a certain gap to produce a coupling effect. That is, the grounding section 41 and the signal line section 42 are coupled through the gap.

[0086] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 25 As shown, the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are connected in series with a capacitor C through the grounding part 41 and the signal line part 42. That is, a capacitor C is connected in series between the grounding part 41 and the signal line part 42 to enhance the coupling. Alternatively, a capacitor C is connected in series between the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 to improve the coupling between the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2, so that the first antenna arm 1 can also radiate as part of the antenna in the second state.

[0087] In one possible implementation, the first antenna arm 1 includes a first arcuate extension extending from the feed section 4, and the second antenna arm 2 includes a second arcuate extension extending from the feed section 4. Here, the first and second arcuate extensions can be, for example, [missing information - likely related to antenna design or technology]. Figures 12a to 16 The first arc extension 12 and the second arc extension 22 shown in the diagram can also be, for example, Figures 23-24 The first arc extension 12 and the second arc extension 22 shown in the diagram are in Figures 12a to 16 In the structure, the first arc extension 12 is a structure that continues to extend from the first extension 11 extending from the power supply section 4, and the second arc extension 22 is a structure that continues to extend from the second extension 21 extending from the power supply section 4. That is, the arc extensions 12 and 22 can be structures that extend indirectly from the power supply section 4. Figures 23-24 In the middle, the arc extensions 12 and 22 are structures that extend directly from the power supply section 4.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the main body portions of the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are substantially conformally shaped to the appearance of the ear stem portion. For example, the first arcuate extension 12 and the second arcuate extension 22 are conformally shaped to the appearance of the ear stem portion. For instance, the arcuate extensions serve as the housing design of the ear stem portion. For example, the arcuate extensions 12 and 22 can be disposed on the outer surface of the ear stem portion's housing, the inner surface of the housing, or within the housing. In one possible implementation, not shown in the figures, the first antenna arm 1 may further include a first straight extension extending from the end of the first arcuate extension away from the feed portion 4, and the second antenna arm 2 may further include a second straight extension extending from the end of the second arcuate extension away from the feed portion 4. The lengths of the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 extending from the feed portion 4 are related to the operating frequency of the antenna assembly, and will not be elaborated here.

[0089] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 25 As shown, one electrode plate of capacitor C is connected to grounding part 41, and the other electrode plate of capacitor C is connected to signal line part 42. Since grounding part 41 is connected to the first antenna arm 1 and signal line part 42 is connected to the second antenna arm 2, capacitor C is connected in series between the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2.

[0090] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 23-25 As shown, the grounding portion 3 has a first surface 31 facing the power supply portion 4, and the power supply portion 4 is located at the edge of the first surface 31; the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are both spaced apart from the first surface 31 and located on the same side of the first surface 31. For example, the first surface 31 of the grounding portion 3 faces the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2, and the first surface 31 and the first antenna arm 1 are spaced apart, and the first surface 31 and the second antenna arm 2 are spaced apart. For example, the extension direction of the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 can be parallel to the first surface 31.

[0091] In one possible implementation, such as Figures 23-25 As shown, the orthographic projections of the first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 onto the first surface 31 extend along the edge of the first surface 31 or inside / outside the edge of the first surface 31.

[0092] Specifically, assuming the impedance of switch 6 is 0 ohms when it is on, the parasitic capacitance of switch 6 when it is off is 0.5pF, and the capacitance of capacitor C is 3pF, then... Figures 23-25 Simulation of the antenna assembly shown yields the following results: Figure 26 and Figure 27 The curves shown and as Figures 28-30 The antenna pattern shown is... Figure 28The diagram illustrates the radiation direction of the antenna assembly in its second state, where the double-headed arrow filled with diagonal lines indicates the radiation direction, specifically, the radiation direction is close to the z-axis direction. Figure 29 This diagram illustrates the radiation direction of the antenna in its first state, where the double-headed arrow filled with diagonal lines indicates the radiation direction, meaning the radiation direction is close to the x-axis direction. Figure 30 The diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly at a frequency of 2.44 GHz with Phi = 90°. Here, a represents the radiation direction of the antenna assembly in the first state, b represents the radiation direction of the antenna assembly in the second state, ad represents the polarization direction of the antenna assembly in the first state, and bd represents the polarization direction of the antenna assembly in the second state. The fork-shaped shape indicates a direction perpendicular to the plane containing the radiation pattern. It can be seen that, provided the antenna efficiency meets the requirements, after switching the antenna assembly between the first and second states via switch 6, the polarization direction undergoes a near 90° flip. The first antenna arm 1 and the second antenna arm 2 are supported by a support 7, which can be made of, for example, plastic material. It should be noted that... Figure 23 and 24 Switch 6 is not shown in the diagram. Figure 24 Support part 7 is not shown in the diagram. Figure 25 The relationship between part of the power supply section 4 and part of the grounding section 3 is only shown.

[0093] This application also provides an electronic device, including the antenna assembly described in the above embodiments. The specific structure and working principle of the antenna assembly are the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Specifically, this electronic device can be headphones, a watch, a tablet computer, or a mobile phone, etc.

[0094] In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a wireless headset, which includes an earbud portion and an ear stem portion, with an antenna assembly disposed on the ear stem portion. The ear stem portion of the headset, for example, has an approximately strip-shaped or approximately cylindrical structure. Figures 12a-17 The structure shown and Figures 23-25 The structure shown can be conveniently positioned on the ear stem to fit the overall appearance of the earphone. The first surface 31 of the grounding portion 3 faces away from the earbud portion, ensuring the antenna assembly's radiation direction is away from the user, thus minimizing interference from the user when the antenna assembly radiates or receives signals. In wireless earphone usage scenarios, the earphone's position and orientation are related to the user's usage status. Since the user's wearing status and position frequently change, the earphone requires switching of the antenna polarization direction. For example, if the current antenna polarization direction has a weak signal strength due to changes in the user's wearing status or position, the antenna assembly can be switched to another orthogonal polarization direction to improve signal strength. Furthermore, to ensure portability and wearing comfort, the antenna assembly needs to achieve switching between different polarization directions within a small space footprint.

[0095] In one possible implementation, the first antenna arm 1 includes a first arcuate extension extending from the feed section 4, and the second antenna arm 2 includes a second arcuate extension extending from the feed section 4. The arcuate extensions 12 and 22 may be disposed on the outer surface of the housing, the inner surface of the housing, or in the housing of the ear stem portion.

[0096] In this embodiment of the application, the electrical connection method can also be replaced by the coupling connection. For example, "the first antenna arm 1 is electrically connected to the ground part 3 through the series switch 6 and the ground part 41" can also be replaced by "the first antenna arm 1 is coupled to the ground part 3 through the series switch 6 and the ground part 41". That is, there can be a gap between the series switch 6 and the ground part 41 and the ground part 3 for coupling grounding. Other similarities will not be repeated here.

[0097] In this application embodiment, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the existence of A alone, the simultaneous existence of A and B, or the existence of B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0098] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna assembly, characterized in that, include: The first antenna arm, the second antenna arm, the grounding part, the feed part, and the switch; The power supply section includes a grounding section and a signal line section arranged at intervals. The grounding part is connected in series with the switch, and the first antenna arm is electrically connected to the grounding part through the series-connected switch and the grounding part. The switch is used to selectively connect or disconnect the first antenna arm from the grounding part. The signal line portion is electrically connected to the second antenna arm and supplies power to the antenna assembly; The feed section is a coaxial line; the grounding section has a first surface facing the feed section; the first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are both spaced apart from the first surface; the first antenna arm includes a first straight extension extending from the feed section; the second antenna arm includes a second straight extension extending from the feed section; the first antenna arm also includes a first arcuate extension extending from one end of the first straight extension away from the feed section; the second antenna arm also includes a second arcuate extension extending from one end of the second straight extension away from the feed section; the orthographic projection of the first straight extension on the first surface extends from a non-edge of the first surface to an edge of the first surface, and the orthographic projection of the second straight extension on the first surface extends from a non-edge of the first surface to an edge of the first surface; The orthographic projections of the first arc extension and the second arc extension onto the first surface extend along the edge of the first surface. Alternatively, the power supply section is a parallel double line, and the grounding portion is arranged parallel to and indirectly coupled to the signal line portion; the grounding portion has a first surface facing the power supply section, and the power supply section is located at the edge of the first surface. The first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are both spaced apart from the first surface and located on the same side of the first surface; the orthographic projections of the first antenna arm and the second antenna arm on the first surface extend along the edge of the first surface.

2. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first state, the switch is turned on, and the first antenna arm, the second antenna arm, the grounding part, and the feeding part form a dipole antenna. In the second state, the switch is turned off, and the first antenna arm, the second antenna arm, the grounding part, and the feed part form a monopole antenna.

3. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding part has a plate-like structure; The first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are located on the same side of the grounding portion.

4. The antenna assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power supply section is a microstrip line.

5. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first straight extension and the second straight extension extend along the same straight line.

6. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first antenna arm and the second antenna arm are connected in series with the signal line portion via the grounding portion and a capacitor. One electrode plate of the capacitor is connected to the grounding portion, and the other electrode plate of the capacitor is connected to the signal line portion.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electronic device is a wireless earphone, which includes an earbud part and an ear stem part, and the antenna assembly is disposed on the ear stem part.

9. The electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least a portion of the first antenna arm and at least a portion of the second antenna arm are disposed on the outer surface, inner surface, or within the housing of the ear stem portion.

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