Method and device for channel access in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method and apparatus for channel access in a wireless communication system are disclosed. In an example from the perspective of a base station, a user equipment (UE) performs a first transmission without listen-before-talk, where the first transmission is a synchronization signal block transmission. The UE performs a listen-before-talk for a second transmission of a signal other than the synchronization signal block.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 139,511, filed on January 20, 2021, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication networks, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for channel access in wireless communication systems. Background Art

[0004] With the rapidly growing demand for transferring large amounts of data to and from mobile communication devices, traditional mobile voice communication networks have evolved into networks that use Internet Protocol (IP) data packets for communication. This IP packet communication can provide IP-based voice, multimedia, multicast, and on-demand communication services to users of mobile communication devices.

[0005] An exemplary network architecture is the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). The E-UTRAN system can provide high data throughput to enable the aforementioned IP-based voice and multimedia services. Currently, the 3GPP standards organization is discussing new next-generation (e.g., 5G) radio technologies. Consequently, changes to the current body of 3GPP standards are currently being submitted and considered to evolve and complete the 3GPP standards. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to the present disclosure, one or more apparatuses and / or methods are provided. In an example from the perspective of a base station, the base station performs a first transmission without Listen Before Talk (LBT), where the first transmission is a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) transmission. The base station performs LBT on a second transmission for a signal other than the SSB.

[0007] In an example from the perspective of a base station, the base station transmits a first signal on a channel without sensing the channel, wherein the first signal includes an SSB. The base station senses the channel for transmission of a second signal, wherein the second signal does not include an SSB. After sensing the channel, the base station transmits the second signal on the channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 A diagram illustrating a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment is shown;

[0009] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a transmitter system (also referred to as an access network) and a receiver system (also referred to as a user equipment or UE) according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0010] Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of a communication system according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0011] Figure 4 According to an exemplary embodiment Figure 3 Functional block diagram of the program code;

[0012] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0013] Figure 6 is a flow chart according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0014] Figure 7 is a flow chart according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0015] Figure 8 is a flow chart according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0016] Figure 9 is a flow chart according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The exemplary wireless communication systems and devices described below employ wireless communication systems that support broadcast services. Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communications, such as voice, data, and the like. These systems may be based on code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access, 3GPP Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A or LTE-Advanced), 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), WiMax, 3GPP New Radio (NR) radio access for 5G, or some other modulation technology.

[0018] Specifically, the exemplary wireless communication system apparatus described below may be designed to support one or more standards, such as those provided by a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project," referred to herein as 3GPP, including: 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.7.0, "NR Physical Channels and Modulation"; Draft 3GPP TS 37.213 V16.4.0, "NR Physical Layer Procedures for Shared Spectrum Channel Access"; RP-202925, "Revision WID: Extending Current NR Operation to 71 GHz"; and 3GPP TS 38.214 V16.4.0, "NR Physical Layer Procedures for Data." The standards and documents listed above are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0019] Figure 1 A multiple access wireless communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is presented. An access network 100 (AN) includes multiple antenna groups, one antenna group includes 104 and 106, another antenna group includes 108 and 110, and yet another antenna group includes 112 and 114. Figure 1 , only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, but each antenna group may utilize more or fewer antennas. Access terminal 116 (AT) communicates with antennas 112 and 114, with antennas 112 and 114 transmitting information to access terminal 116 via forward link 120 and receiving information from access terminal 116 via reverse link 118. AT 122 communicates with antennas 106 and 108, with antennas 106 and 108 transmitting information to AT 122 via forward link 126 and receiving information from AT 122 via reverse link 124. In a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) system, communication links 118, 120, 124, and 126 may use different frequencies for communication. For example, forward link 120 may use a different frequency than that used by reverse link 118.

[0020] Each group of antennas and / or the area in which they are designed to communicate is often referred to as a sector of the access network. In an embodiment, the antenna groups can each be designed to communicate with access terminals in a sector of the area covered by the access network 100.

[0021] In communications on forward links 120 and 126, the transmit antennas of access network 100 may utilize beamforming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the forward links for the different access terminals 116 and 122. Also, an access network that uses beamforming to transmit to access terminals randomly dispersed throughout the coverage area of ​​the access network generally causes less interference to access terminals in neighboring cells than an access network that transmits to all of its access terminals via a single antenna.

[0022] An access network (AN) may be a fixed station or base station for communicating with a terminal and may also be referred to as an access point, Node B, base station, enhanced base station, eNodeB (eNB), next generation NodeB (gNB), or some other terminology. An access terminal (AT) may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, terminal, access terminal, or some other terminology.

[0023] Figure 2 An embodiment is presented of a transmitter system 210 (also referred to as an access network) and a receiver system 250 (also referred to as an access terminal (AT) or user equipment (UE)) in a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system 200. At the transmitter system 210, traffic data for a plurality of data streams may be provided from a data source 212 to a transmit (TX) data processor 214.

[0024] In one embodiment, each data stream is transmitted through a respective transmit antenna. TX data processor 214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.

[0025] The decoded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot data using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The pilot data may typically be a known data pattern processed in a known manner and used at the receiver system to estimate the channel response. The multiplexed pilot and decoded data for each data stream may then be modulated (i.e., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme selected for each data stream (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK), or M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), etc.) to provide modulation symbols. Instructions executed by processor 230 may determine the data rate, coding, and / or modulation for each data stream.

[0026] The modulation symbols for the data streams are then provided to a TX MIMO processor 220, which may further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). TX MIMO processor 220 then provides NT modulation symbol streams to NT transmitters (TMTR) 222a through 222t. In certain embodiments, TX MIMO processor 220 may apply beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.

[0027] Each transmitter 222 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and / or upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. NT modulated signals from transmitters 222a through 222t may then be transmitted from NT antennas 224a through 224t, respectively.

[0028] At receiver system 250, the transmitted modulated signals are received by NR antennas 252a through 252r and the received signal from each antenna 252 may be provided to a respective receiver (RCVR) 254a through 254r. Each receiver 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, and downconvert) a respective received signal, digitize the conditioned signal to provide samples, and / or further process the samples to provide a corresponding “received” symbol stream.

[0029] Next, RX data processor 260 receives and / or processes the NR received symbol streams from NR receivers 254 based on a particular receiver processing technique to provide NT "detected" symbol streams. RX data processor 260 can then demodulate, deinterleave, and / or decode each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. The processing by RX processor 260 can be complementary to that performed by TX MIMO processor 220 and TX data processor 214 at transmitter system 210.

[0030] Processor 270 may periodically determine which precoding matrix to use (discussed below). Processor 270 formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.

[0031] The reverse link message may include various types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data stream. The reverse link message may then be processed by the TX data processor 238 (which may also receive traffic data for several data streams from the data source 236), modulated by the modulator 280, conditioned by the transmitters 254a through 254r, and / or transmitted back to the transmitter system 210.

[0032] At transmitter system 210, the modulated signal from receiver system 250 is received by antenna 224, conditioned by receiver 222, demodulated by demodulator 240, and processed by RX data processor 242 to extract the reverse link message transmitted by receiver system 250. Processor 230 may then determine which precoding matrix to use to determine the beamforming weights and may then process the extracted message.

[0033] Figure 3 An alternative simplified functional block diagram of a communication device according to one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter is presented. Figure 3 As shown, the communication device 300 in the wireless communication system can be used to implement Figure 1 UE (or AT) 116 and 122 in or Figure 1The base station (or AN) 100 in the wireless communication system may be an LTE system or an NR system. The communication device 300 may include an input device 302, an output device 304, a control circuit 306, a central processing unit (CPU) 308, a memory 310, a program code 312, and a transceiver 314. The control circuit 306 executes the program code 312 in the memory 310 through the CPU 308, thereby controlling the operation of the communication device 300. The communication device 300 may receive signals input by the user through the input device 302 (for example, a keyboard or a keypad), and may output images and sounds through the output device 304 (for example, a display or a speaker). The transceiver 314 is used to receive and transmit wireless signals, pass the received signals to the control circuit 306, and wirelessly output the signals generated by the control circuit 306. The communication device 300 in the wireless communication system may also be used to implement Figure 1 AN 100 in.

[0034] Figure 4 According to one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter Figure 3 3. A simplified block diagram of program code 312 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, program code 312 includes an application layer 400, a layer 3 portion 402, and a layer 2 portion 404, and is coupled to a layer 1 portion 406. Layer 3 portion 402 may perform radio resource control. Layer 2 portion 404 may perform link control. Layer 1 portion 406 may perform and / or implement physical connectivity.

[0035] One or more frame structures associated with a Radio Access Technology (RAT) and / or New RAT (NR) (associated with 5G) can accommodate various requirements associated with time and / or frequency resources, such as ultra-low latency (e.g., approximately 0.5 ms) to delay-tolerant services for Machine Type Communication (MTC), and from high peak rates for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) to very low data rates for MTC. Low latency (e.g., short Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs)) and / or mixing / adapting to different TTIs can be important for various applications. In addition to different services and requirements, forward compatibility is also an important consideration in the initial NR frame structure design, as not all NR features are included in the initial phases / releases of NR.

[0036] Reducing protocol latency can be an important improvement between different generations / releases, which can improve efficiency and meet new application requirements (e.g., real-time services). An effective method for reducing latency is to reduce the length of the TTI from 10 milliseconds (ms) in 3G to 1 ms in LTE.

[0037] Backward compatibility may not be required in NR systems. Basic parameters may be adjusted so that reducing the number of symbols in a TTI is not the only way to change the TTI length. In an example associated with LTE basic parameters, 14 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols may be associated with a subcarrier spacing of 1 ms and / or 15 kHz. When the subcarrier spacing is increased to 30 kHz, where the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size and / or cyclic prefix (CP) structure may not change, there may be 28 OFDM symbols in 1 ms, and / or if the number of OFDM symbols in a TTI remains the same, the TTI may become 0.5 ms. Therefore, the design between different TTI lengths may be maintained in conjunction with the scalability performed on the subcarrier spacing. One or more of the FFT size, Physical Resource Block (PRB) definition / number, CP design, supportable system bandwidth, subcarrier spacing selection, etc. may be configured to be associated with the subcarrier spacing selection. Since NR is associated with larger system bandwidth and / or larger coherence bandwidth, incorporating larger subcarrier spacing may be beneficial.

[0038] More details on the NR frame structure, channel and / or basic parameter design are provided in 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.7.0. Of note, section 4.3.1 of 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.7.0 titled “Uplink-Downlink Timing Relationship” Figure 4 .3.1-1 is reproduced in this article as Figure 5 One or more sections of 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.7.0 are quoted as follows:

[0039] 4 Frame Structure and Physical Resources

[0040] 4.1 General

[0041] Throughout this specification, unless otherwise specified, the size of each field in the time domain is expressed as a time unit T c =1 / (Δf max ·N f ), where Δf max =480·10 3 Hz and N f =4096. Constant κ = Ts / T c =64, where Δf ref =15·10 3 Hz and N f,ref =2048.

[0042] 4.2 Basic Parameters

[0043] As given in Table 4.2-1, multiple OFDM basic parameters are supported, where μ and the cyclic prefix used for the bandwidth part are obtained from the higher layer parameters subcarrierSpacing and cyclicPrefix respectively.

[0044] Table 4.2-1: Supported basic transmission parameters.

[0045] μ <![CDATA[Δf=2 μ ·15[kHz]]]> cyclic prefix 0 15 normal 1 30 normal 2 60 Normal, Extended 3 120 normal 4 240 normal

[0046] 4.3 Frame Structure

[0047] 4.3.1 Frames and Subframes

[0048] Downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into f =(Δf max N f / 100)·T c = 10ms duration frame, each frame consists of T sf =(Δf max N f / 1000)·T c =10 subframes of 1ms duration. The number of consecutive OFDM symbols per subframe is Each frame is divided into two equally sized half-frames of five sub-frames, each with half-frame 0 consisting of sub-frames 0-4 and half-frame 1 consisting of sub-frames 5-9.

[0049] On a carrier, there is a set of frames in the uplink and a set of frames in the downlink.

[0050] The uplink frame number i for transmission from the UE will precede the start of the corresponding downlink frame at the UE by T TA =(N TA +N TA，偏移 )T c Start, where N TA，偏移 Given by [5, TS 38.213].

[0051] Figure 4 .3.1-1: Uplink-downlink timing relationship.

[0052] 4.3.2 Time Slot

[0053] For the subcarrier spacing configuration μ, the time slots are numbered in increasing order within the subframe. and are numbered in increasing order within the frame. Existence in time slot consecutive OFDM symbols, where Depends on the cyclic prefix as given by Tables 4.3.2-1 and 4.3.2-2. Slots in a subframe The beginning of the OFDM symbol in the same subframe The start of is aligned in time.

[0054] The OFDM symbols in a slot can be classified as 'downlink', 'flexible' or 'uplink'. The signalling of the slot format is described in section 11.1 of [5, TS38.213].

[0055] In a time slot in a downlink frame, the UE shall assume that downlink transmissions occur only in 'downlink' or 'flexible' symbols.

[0056] In these time slots in an uplink frame, the UE shall transmit only in 'uplink' or 'flexible' symbols.

[0057] A UE that is not capable of full-duplex communication among all cells within a cell group and that does not support simultaneous transmission and reception as defined by the parameters simultaneousRxTxInterBandENDC, simultaneousRxTxInterBandCA or simultaneousRxTxSUL [10, TS 38.306] is expected to transmit in the uplink in one cell within the cell group no earlier than N after the end of the last received downlink symbol in the same or a different cell within the cell group. Rx-Tx T c , where N Rx-Tx Given in Table 4.3.2-3.

[0058] A UE that is not capable of full-duplex communication among all cells within a cell group and that does not support simultaneous transmission and reception as defined by the parameters simultaneousRxTxInterBandENDC, simultaneousRxTxInterBandCA or simultaneousRxTxSUL [10, TS 38.306] is expected to receive in the downlink in one cell within the cell group no earlier than N after the end of the last transmitted uplink symbol in the same or a different cell within the cell group. Tx-Rx T c , where N Tx-Rx Given in Table 4.3.2-3.

[0059] A UE not capable of full-duplex communication is expected to transmit in the uplink no earlier than N times after the end of the last received downlink symbol in the same cell. Rx-Tx T c , where N Rx-Tx Given in Table 4.3.2-3.

[0060] A UE not capable of full-duplex communication is expected to receive in the downlink no earlier than N after the end of the last transmitted uplink symbol in the same cell. Tx-Rx T c , where N Tx-Rx Given in Table 4.3.2-3.

[0061] Table 4.3.2-1: Number of OFDM symbols per slot, slots per frame, and slots per subframe for standard cyclic prefix.

[0062]

[0063] Table 4.3.2-2: Number of OFDM symbols per slot, slots per frame, and slots per subframe for extended cyclic prefix.

[0064]

[0065] Table 4.3.2-3: Transition time N Rx-Tx and N Tx-Rx

[0066] Transition Time FR1 FR2 25600 13792 25600 13792

[0067] 4.4 Physical Resources

[0068] 4.4.1 Antenna Port

[0069] Antenna ports are defined such that the channel through which a symbol on an antenna port is transmitted can be inferred from the channel through which another symbol on the same antenna port is transmitted.

[0070] For DM-RS associated with PDSCH, the channel on which a PDSCH symbol on one antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel on which a DM-RS symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed only if both symbols are within the same resources as the scheduled PDSCH, in the same time slot, and in the same PRG as described in clause 5.1.2.3 of [6, TS 38.214].

[0071] For DM-RS associated with PDCCH, the channel on which a PDCCH symbol on one antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel on which a DM-RS symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed only if both symbols are within resources for which the UE can employ the same precoding as described in clause 7.3.2.2.

[0072] For DM-RS associated with PBCH, the channel on which a PBCH symbol is transmitted on one antenna port can be inferred from the channel on which the DM-RS symbol is transmitted on the same antenna port only if both symbols are in SS / PBCH blocks transmitted in the same time slot and have the same block index according to clause 7.4.3.1.

[0073] If the large-scale properties of the channel through which symbols are transmitted on one antenna port can be inferred from the channel through which symbols are transmitted on the other antenna port, then the two antenna ports are said to be quasi-co-located. Large-scale properties include one or more of delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and spatial Rx parameters.

[0074] 4.4.2 Resource Grid

[0075] For each basic parameter and carrier, define subcarriers and OFDM symbols, starting at a common resource block indicated by higher layer signaling There is one resource grid set per transmission direction (uplink or downlink), where the subscript x is set to DL for downlink and UL for uplink. The subscript x can be omitted when there is no risk of confusion. For a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration μ, and transmission direction (downlink or uplink), there is one resource grid.

[0076] Carrier bandwidth for subcarrier spacing configuration μ Given by the higher layer parameter carrierBandwidth in the SCS-SpecificCarrier IE. Starting position for subcarrier spacing configuration μ Given by the higher layer parameter offsetToCarrier in the SCS-SpecificCarrier IE.

[0077] The frequency position of a subcarrier refers to the center frequency of the subcarrier.

[0078] For the downlink, the higher-layer parameter txDirectCurrentLocation in the SCS-SpecificCarrier IE indicates the location of the transmitter DC subcarrier in the downlink for each of the basic parameters configured in the downlink. A value in the range 0-3299 indicates the number of DC subcarriers, and a value of 3300 indicates that the DC subcarrier is located outside the resource grid.

[0079] For the uplink, the higher-layer parameter txDirectCurrentLocation in the UplinkTxDirectCurrentBWP IE indicates the location of the transmitter DC subcarrier in the uplink for each of the configured bandwidth parts, including whether the DC subcarrier position is offset by 7.5 kHz relative to the center of the indicated subcarrier. A value in the range 0-3299 indicates the number of DC subcarriers, a value of 3300 indicates that the DC subcarrier is located outside the resource grid, and a value of 3301 indicates that the location of the DC subcarrier in the uplink is undetermined.

[0080] 4.4.3 Resource Elements

[0081] Each element in the resource grid for antenna port p and subcarrier spacing configuration μ is called a resource element and is represented by (k, l) p，μ Uniquely identifies a resource element (k, l), where k is an index in the frequency domain and l refers to the symbol position in the time domain relative to a reference point. p，μ Corresponding to physical resources and complex values When there is no risk of aliasing or when no specific antenna port or subcarrier spacing is specified, the indices p and μ can be omitted, yielding or a k，l .

[0082] 4.4.4 Resource Block

[0083] 4.4.4.1 General

[0084] Resource blocks are defined as consecutive subcarriers.

[0085] 4.4.4.2 Point A

[0086] Point A serves as a common reference point for the resource block grid and is derived from:

[0087] - offsetToPointA for PCell downlink, where offsetToPointA represents the frequency offset between point A and the lowest subcarrier of the lowest resource block, with the subcarrier spacing provided by the higher-layer parameter subCarrierSpacingCommon, and overlaps with the SS / PBCH block used by the UE for initial cell selection, expressed in resource blocks, assuming a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz for FR1 and 60 kHz for FR2;

[0088] - absoluteFrequencyPointA for all other cases, where absoluteFrequencyPointA represents the frequency position of point A, expressed in ARFCN.

[0089] 4.4.4.3 Common Resource Block

[0090] The common resource blocks are numbered upwards from 0 in the frequency domain for the subcarrier spacing configuration μ. The center of subcarrier 0 of common resource block 0 for subcarrier spacing configuration μ coincides with 'point A'.

[0091] Common resource block number in the frequency domain The relationship between the resource elements (k, l) used for the subcarrier spacing configuration μ is given by

[0092]

[0093] Where k is defined relative to point A, such that k=0 corresponds to a subcarrier centered around point A.

[0094] 4.4.4.4 Physical Resource Block

[0095] The physical resource blocks for subcarrier configuration μ are defined within the bandwidth part and range from 0 to Number, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. Physical resource blocks in bandwidth part i With common resource blocks The relationship between

[0096]

[0097] in is a common resource block, where the bandwidth portion starts relative to the common resource block 0. When there is no risk of confusion, the index μ can be omitted.

[0098] 4.4.4.5 Virtual Resource Block

[0099] Virtual resource blocks are defined within the bandwidth portion and range from 0 to number, where i is the number of the bandwidth part.

[0100] 4.4.5 Bandwidth

[0101] The bandwidth part is the given basis parameter μ in the bandwidth part i on a given carrier in subclause 4.4.4.3 i A subset of contiguous common resource blocks defined. The starting position in the bandwidth section and the number of resource blocks Should satisfy and The configuration of bandwidth parts is described in clause 12 of [5, TS 38.213].

[0102] A UE may be configured with up to four bandwidth parts in the downlink, with a single downlink bandwidth part being active at a given time. The UE is not expected to receive PDSCH, PDCCH, or CSI-RS (except RRM) outside the active bandwidth part.

[0103] A UE may be configured with up to four bandwidth parts in the uplink, with a single uplink bandwidth part active at a given time. If a UE is configured with a supplemental uplink, the UE may additionally be configured with up to four bandwidth parts in the supplemental uplink, with a single supplemental uplink bandwidth part active at a given time. The UE shall not transmit PUSCH or PUCCH outside the active bandwidth part. For an active cell, the UE shall not transmit SRS outside the active bandwidth part.

[0104] Unless otherwise stated, the description in this specification applies to each of the bandwidth parts. When there is no risk of confusion, the index can be obtained from and Omit.

[0105] 4.5 Carrier Aggregation

[0106] Transmissions in multiple cells may be aggregated. Unless otherwise stated, the description in this specification applies to each serving cell.

[0107] When accessing an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., a shared spectrum), one or more mechanisms may be needed to determine whether a device (e.g., a UE and / or a base station, such as an access node) can access the unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the device can perform a transmission, such as a transmission in the unlicensed spectrum) (e.g., to ensure fairness for some and / or all devices on the unlicensed spectrum). For example, a device may detect and / or receive signals on the unlicensed spectrum (e.g., on a serving cell associated with the unlicensed spectrum) to determine (e.g., determine) whether the spectrum is available. In some instances, when the device detects nothing and / or silence (e.g., for a certain period of time), the device may deem the unlicensed spectrum available and / or may perform a transmission (e.g., a transmission in the unlicensed spectrum). On the other hand, when the device detects one or more signals on the spectrum (e.g., one or more signals from one or more other devices having one or more strengths exceeding a threshold), the device may deem the spectrum currently occupied and may delay (e.g., postpone) the device's transmission. This mechanism may be referred to as listen before talk (LBT). There may be one or more additional aspects regarding how to implement LBT, such as a threshold for a device to determine (e.g., judge) whether a channel is currently occupied (e.g., the device may consider a signal with a strength less than a threshold to be silent), how long the device performs detection, and / or how to proceed after the device fails an LBT test (e.g., when to perform another detection test and / or how to perform another detection test). Further details of the channel access scheme can be found in one or more sections of the draft 3GPP TS 37.213 V16.4.0 cited below:

[0108] 4 Channel Access Procedure

[0109] 4.0 General

[0110] Unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply to the following terms used in this specification:

[0111] - A channel refers to a carrier or a portion of a carrier, consisting of a set of contiguous resource blocks (RBs) on which a channel access procedure is performed in a shared spectrum.

[0112] - The channel access procedure is a sensing-based procedure that assesses the availability of a channel for performing transmissions. The basic unit for sensing is a sensing slot, which has a duration T sl =9us. If the eNB / gNB or UE senses the channel during the sensing slot duration and determines that the detected power is less than the energy detection threshold X for at least 4us during the sensing slot duration 阈值 , then the sensing time slot duration T slOtherwise, the sensing time slot duration T sl Considered busy.

[0113] -Channel occupancy refers to the transmission of the eNB / gNB / UE on the channel after performing the corresponding channel access procedures in this section.

[0114] - Channel occupancy time refers to the total time that the eNB / gNB / UE and any eNB / gNB / UE sharing the channel transmit on the channel after the eNB / gNB / UE performs the corresponding channel access procedures described in this clause. To determine the channel occupancy time, if a transmission gap is less than or equal to 25 μs, the gap duration is counted as the channel occupancy time. The channel occupancy time can be shared for transmissions between the eNB / gNB and the corresponding UE.

[0115] A DL transmit burst is defined as a set of transmissions from an eNB / gNB without any gaps greater than 16µs. Transmissions from an eNB / gNB separated by gaps greater than 16µs are considered separate DL transmit bursts. The eNB / gNB may transmit after a gap within a DL transmit burst without sensing the availability of the corresponding channel.

[0116] - An UL transmit burst is defined as a set of transmissions from a UE that does not have any gaps greater than 16 us. Transmissions from a UE separated by gaps greater than 16 us are considered separate UL transmit bursts. A UE may transmit after a gap within an UL transmit burst without sensing the availability of the corresponding channel.

[0117] A discovery burst refers to a DL transmission burst that includes a set of signals and / or channels that are restricted within a window and associated with a duty cycle. A discovery burst may be any of the following:

[0118] - Transmissions initiated by the eNB, which include the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and the Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS) and may include a non-zero power CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

[0119] - A transmission initiated by the gNB, which includes at least an SS / PBCH block consisting of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) with associated demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), and may also include a CORESET for PDCCH scheduling PDSCH with SIB1, and PDSCH carrying SIB1 and / or non-zero power CSI reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0120] 4.1 Downlink Channel Access Procedure

[0121] The eNB operating an LAA Scell ​​on the channel and the gNB performing transmission on the channel shall perform the channel access procedure described in this clause for accessing the channel on which transmission is performed.

[0122] In this clause, adjust the X used for sensing as described in clause 4.1.5, where applicable. 阈值 .

[0123] The gNB performs the channel access procedure in this clause unless the higher layer parameter ChannelAccessMode-r16 is provided and ChannelAccessMode-r16 = 'semi-static'.

[0124] 4.1.1 Type 1 DL channel access procedure

[0125] This clause describes the channel access procedure to be performed by the eNB / gNB where the duration of the sensing slots sensed as idle prior to a downlink transmission is random. This clause applies to the following transmissions:

[0126] - transmissions initiated by the eNB containing PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCCH, or

[0127] - a transmission initiated by the gNB containing a unicast PDSCH with user plane data, or a unicast PDSCH with user plane data and a unicast PDCCH scheduling user plane data, or

[0128] - A transmission initiated by the gNB with only a discovery burst or with a discovery burst multiplexed with non-unicast information, where the transmission duration is greater than 1 ms or the transmission causes a discovery burst duty cycle exceeding 1 / 20.

[0129] The eNB / gNB can postpone for a period of time T d The transmission is transmitted after the channel is sensed as idle for the first time during the sensing slot duration of t and after the counter N is zero in step 4. The counter N is adjusted by sensing the channel for additional sensing slot durations according to the following steps:

[0130] 1) Set N = N init , where N init It is 0 and CW p A random number uniformly distributed between and goes to step 4;

[0131] 2) If N > 0 and the eNB / gNB chooses to decrement the counter, then set N = N - 1;

[0132] 3) Sense the channel in the additional sensing slot duration, and if the additional sensing slot duration is idle, go to step 4; otherwise, go to step 5;

[0133] 4) If N=0, then stop; otherwise, go to step 2.

[0134] 5) Sense the channel until the additional delay duration T d A busy sensing time slot is detected or an additional delay duration T is detected d All sensing time slots are idle;

[0135] 6) If the additional delay duration T d If the channel is sensed to be idle during all sensing time slot durations, then go to step 4; otherwise, go to step 5;

[0136] If the eNB / gNB has not yet transmitted after step 4 in the above procedure, if the eNB / gNB is ready to transmit for at least the duration of the sensing slot T sl The channel is sensed as idle and if the delay duration T immediately preceding this transmission d If the channel has been sensed as idle during all sensing slot durations of T, then the eNB / gNB may transmit on the channel. If the channel has not been sensed idle for the slot duration when the eNB / gNB first senses the channel after the eNB / gNB is ready to transmit, or if the channel is not sensed idle for the delay duration T immediately before the scheduled transmission, then the eNB / gNB may transmit on the channel. d Any sensing time slot duration T sl If the channel is not idle during the delay period T d After sensing that the channel is idle during the sensing slot duration, the eNB / gNB proceeds to step 1.

[0137] Delay duration T d By duration T f = 16us and m p The duration of the continuous sensing time slot is T sl Composition, and T f Included in T f The idle sensing time slot duration T at the beginning of sl .

[0138] CW min , p≤CW p ≤CW max，p It is a competition window. CW p Adjustments are described in clause 4.1.4.

[0139] CW min，p and The CW max，p is selected before step 1 of the above procedure.

[0140] m p 、CWmin，p and The CW max，p is based on the channel access priority class p associated with the eNB / gNB transmission, as shown in Table 4.1.1-1.

[0141] eNB / gNB should not exceed T mcot，p transmit on the channel during the channel occupancy time of the eNB / gNB, where the channel access procedure is performed based on the channel access priority class p associated with the eNB / gNB transmission as given in Table 4.1.1-1.

[0142] If the eNB / gNB transmits a discovery burst as described in clause 4.1.2 when N>0 in the above procedure, the eNB / gNB shall not decrement N during the sensing slot duration that overlaps with the discovery burst.

[0143] The gNB may transmit a transmission containing a discovery burst using any channel access priority class that meets the conditions described in this clause for performing the above procedure.

[0144] The gNB shall use the channel access priority class applicable to unicast user plane data multiplexed in the PDSCH for performing the above procedure for transmissions containing unicast PDSCH with user plane data.

[0145] For p=3 and p=4, if it can be guaranteed (eg by regulatory levels) that there are no other technologies sharing the channel in the long term, then T mcot，p =10ms, otherwise T mcot，p =8ms.

[0146] Table 4.1.1-1: Channel Access Priority Class (CAPC)

[0147]

[0148] 4.1.1.1 Regional restrictions on channel occupancy time

[0149] In Japan, if the eNB / gNB has transmitted after N=0 in step 4 of the above procedure, the eNB / gNB may transmit after at least T js = After the channel is sensed to be idle in the sensing interval of 34us and if the total sensing and transmission time is not greater than Then immediately at the maximum T j =4ms duration to transmit the next continuous transmission. Sensing interval T js By duration T f =16us and two sensing time slots immediately following it, and T f Included in T f The idle sensing time slot at the beginning of the sensing time slot. If the sensing time slot duration T jsIf the channel is idle during T js Idle.

[0150] 4.1.2 Type 2 DL channel access procedure

[0151] This clause describes the channel access procedure to be performed by the eNB / gNB where the duration spanned by the sensing timeslot that is sensed as idle before downlink transmission is deterministic.

[0152] If the eNB performs a Type 2 DL channel access procedure, it follows the procedure described in clause 4.1.2.1.

[0153] The Type 2A channel access procedure as described in clause 4.1.2.1 applies to the following transmissions performed by the eNB / gNB:

[0154] - a transmission initiated by the eNB, which includes a discovery burst and does not include PDSCH, where the transmission duration is at most 1 ms, or

[0155] - a transmission initiated by the gNB with only a discovery burst or with a discovery burst multiplexed with non-unicast information, where the transmission duration is at most 1ms and the discovery burst duty cycle is at most 1 / 20, or

[0156] - After the UE's transmission, the eNB / gNB's transmission follows a 25 us gap in shared channel occupancy as described in clause 4.1.3.

[0157] The Type 2B or Type 2C DL channel access procedure as described in clauses 4.1.2.2 and 4.1.2.3, respectively, applies to transmissions performed by the gNB after a gap of 16 us or at most 16 us, respectively, in the shared channel occupancy as described in clause 4.1.3 following the UE's transmission.

[0158] 4.1.2.1 Type 2A DL channel access procedure

[0159] The eNB / gNB may sense at least the interval T short_d DL transmission is immediately transmitted after sensing that the channel is idle in l=25us. short_dl By duration T f = 16us and a sensing time slot immediately following it, and T f Included in T f The sensing time slot at the beginning of the short_dl If the two sensing time slots of T are sensed as idle, then the channel is considered to be in T short_dl Idle.

[0160] 4.1.2.2 Type 2B DL ​​channel access procedure

[0161] gNB can be used in T f =16us duration after sensing that the channel is idle. f Included in T f If the channel is sensed idle for at least 5u in total with at least 4us of sensing occurring in the sensing slot, then the channel is considered idle for duration T f Internal free time.

[0162] 4.1.2.3 Type 2C DL channel access procedure

[0163] When the gNB follows the procedures in this clause for transmitting a DL transmission, the gNB does not sense the channel before transmitting the DL transmission. The duration of the corresponding DL transmission is at most 584 μs.

[0164] 4.1.3 DL channel access procedure during shared channel occupation

[0165] For the case where the eNB shares the channel occupancy initiated by the UE, the eNB may transmit a transmission following the UE's autonomous PUSCH transmission as follows:

[0166] - If the 'COT Sharing Indication' in the AUL-UCI in subframe n indicates '1', then the eNB may transmit a transmission in subframe n+X, where X is subframeOffsetCOT-Sharing, which contains PDCCH but does not contain PDSCH on the same channel, immediately after performing the Type 2A DL channel access procedure in clause 4.1.2.1, provided that the duration of the PDCCH is less than or equal to the duration of two OFDM symbols and it shall contain at least the AUL-DFI or a UL grant to the UE from which the PUSCH transmission indicating COT sharing was received.

[0167] If the gNB uses the channel access procedure described in clause 4.2.1.1 on a channel sharing the channel occupation initiated by the UE, the gNB may transmit a transmission following an UL transmission on the scheduled resources or a PUSCH transmission on the resources configured by the UE after the gap as follows:

[0168] - The transmission shall contain transmission to the UE that initiated the channel occupation and may include non-unicast and / or unicast transmissions, wherein any unicast transmission including user plane data is only transmitted to the UE that initiated the channel occupation.

[0169] - If the higher layer parameter ul-toDL-COT-SharingED-Threshold-r16 is not provided, then the transmission shall not contain any unicast transmission with user plane data and the transmission duration shall not exceed the duration of 2, 4 and 8 symbols for the subcarrier spacing of 15, 30 and 60 kHz respectively for the corresponding channel.

[0170] - If the gap is at most 16 us, the gNB may transmit on the channel after performing Type 2C DL channel access as described in clause 4.1.2.3.

[0171] If the gap is 25 us or 16 us, the gNB may transmit on the channel after performing the Type 2A or Type 2B DL ​​channel access procedure as described in clauses 4.1.2.1 and 4.1.2.2, respectively.

[0172] For the case where the gNB shares channel occupancy initiated by a UE with a configured grant for PUSCH transmission, the gNB may transmit a transmission following the UE's configured grant for PUSCH transmission as follows:

[0173] - If the higher layer parameter ul-toDL-COT-SharingED-Threshold-r16 is provided, then the UE is configured by cg-COT-SharingList-r16, where cg-COT-SharingList-r16 provides a table configured by higher layers. Each row of the table provides channel occupancy sharing information given by the higher layer parameter CG-COT-Sharing-r16. One row of the table is configured to indicate that channel occupancy sharing is not available.

[0174] - If the 'COT Sharing Information' in the CG-UCI detected in slot n indicates a row index corresponding to CG-COT-Sharing-r16 providing channel occupancy sharing information, then the gNB may share UE channel occupancy, assuming a channel access priority class p = channelAccessPriority-r16, starting from slot n + O, where O = offset-r16 slots, for a duration of D = duration-r16, where duration-r16, offset-r16 and channelAccessPriority-r16 are higher layer parameters provided by CG-COT-Sharing-r16.

[0175] If the higher layer parameter ul-toDL-COT-SharingED-Threshold-r16 is not provided, and if the 'COT Sharing Information' in the CG-UCI indicates '1', the gNB may share the UE channel occupancy and start DL transmissions for X = cg-COT-SharingOffset-r16 symbols from the end of the slot in which the CG-UCI is detected, where cg-COT-SharingOffset-r16 is provided by higher layers. The transmissions shall not include any unicast transmissions with user plane data, the transmission duration of which shall not exceed the duration of 2, 4, and 8 symbols for the subcarrier spacing of 15, 30, and 60 kHz, respectively, for the corresponding channel.

[0176] For the case where the gNB initiates a transmission using the channel access procedure as described in clause 4.1.1 and shares the corresponding channel occupancy with the UE transmitting the transmission as described in clause 4.2.1.2, the gNB may transmit a transmission following the UE's transmission within its channel occupancy, provided that any gap between any two transmissions in the gNB's channel occupancy is at most 25 µs. In this case the following applies:

[0177] If the gap is 25 us or 16 us, the gNB may transmit on the channel after performing the Type 2A or 2B DL ​​channel access procedure as described in clauses 4.1.2.1 and 4.1.2.2, respectively.

[0178] - If the gap is at most 16 us, the gNB may transmit on the channel after performing Type 2C DL channel access as described in clause 4.1.2.3.

[0179] 4.1.4 Competition Window Adjustment Procedure

[0180] If the eNB / gNB transmits transmissions containing PDSCH associated with channel access priority class p on a channel, the eNB / gNB maintains a contention window value CW for those transmissions as described in this clause p and adjust CW before step 1 of the procedure described in clause 4.1.1 p .

[0181] 4.1.4.1 Contention Window Adjustment Procedure for eNB Transmissions

[0182] If the eNB transmits transmissions containing PDSCH associated with channel access priority class p on a channel, the eNB maintains a contention window value CW for those transmissions p , and adjust the CW using the following steps before step 1 of the procedure described in clause 4.1.1 p :

[0183] 1) For each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4}, set CW p =CW min，p

[0184] 2) If at least Z = 80% of the HARQ-ACK values ​​corresponding to the PDSCH transmissions in the reference subframe K are determined to be NACK, then the CW for each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4} p Increment to the next higher allowed value and remain in step 2; otherwise, go to step 1.

[0185] Reference subframe k is the starting subframe of the most recent transmission by the eNB on the channel for which at least some HARQ-ACK feedback is expected to be available.

[0186] The eNB shall adjust the CW for each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4} based on a given reference subframe k p The value is only once.

[0187] To determine Z,

[0188] If an eNB transmission for which HARQ-ACK feedback is available begins in the second slot of subframe K, then the HARQ-ACK value corresponding to the PDSCH transmission in subframe K+1 is used in addition to the HARQ-ACK value corresponding to the PDSCH transmission in subframe K.

[0189] - if the HARQ-ACK value corresponds to a PDSCH transmission on an LAA SCell, said PDSCH transmission being allocated by an (E)PDCCH transmitted on the same LAA SCell,

[0190] - If the eNB does not detect HARQ-ACK feedback for the PDSCH transmission, or if the eNB detects 'DTX', 'NACK / DTX' or 'Any' status, it is counted as NACK.

[0191] - If the HARQ-ACK value corresponds to a PDSCH transmission on the LAA SCell assigned by an (E)PDCCH transmitted on another serving cell,

[0192] - If the eNB detects HARQ-ACK feedback for PDSCH transmission, it counts 'NACK / DTX' or 'Any' status as NACK and ignores the 'DTX' status.

[0193] - If the eNB does not detect HARQ-ACK feedback for the PDSCH transmission

[0194] - If PUCCH format 1b with channel selection is intended for use by the UE, the 'NACK / DTX' state corresponding to 'No Transmission' as described in clauses 10.1.2.2.1, 10.1.3.1 and 10.1.3.2.1 is counted as NACK, and the 'DTX' state corresponding to 'No Transmission' is ignored in [4].

[0195] - Otherwise, HARQ-ACK for PDSCH transmission is ignored.

[0196] - If the PDSCH transmission has two codewords, the HARQ-ACK value of each codeword is considered separately

[0197] - A bundled HARQ-ACK spanning M subframes is considered as M HARQ-ACK responses.

[0198] If the eNB transmits transmissions associated with channel access priority class p on a channel starting at time t0 that contain PDCCH / EPDCCH with DCI format 0A / 0B / 4A / 4B but not PDSCH, the eNB maintains a contention window value CW for those transmissions p , and adjust the CW using the following steps before step 1 of the procedure described in clause 4.1.1 p :

[0199] 1) For each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4}, set CW p =CW min，p

[0200] 2) If between t0 and t0+T Co If less than 10% of the UL transport blocks scheduled by the eNB using the Type 2 channel access procedure (described in clause 4.2.1.2) are successfully received in the time interval between p Increment to the next higher allowed value and remain in step 2; otherwise, go to step 1.

[0201] T CO Calculated as described in clause 4.2.1.0.3.

[0202] 4.1.4.2 Contention Window Adjustment Procedure for DL ​​Transmissions of gNB

[0203] If the gNB transmits transmissions containing PDSCH associated with channel access priority class p on a channel, the gNB maintains a contention window value CW for those transmissions p , and adjust the CW using the following steps before step 1 of the procedure described in clause 4.1.1 p :

[0204] 1) For each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4}, set CW p =CW min，p .

[0205] 2) If on CW p If HARQ-ACK feedback is available after the last update of , then go to step 3. Otherwise, if the gNB transmission after the procedure described in clause 4.1.1 does not include retransmissions or p The duration T from the end of the reference duration corresponding to the earliest DL channel occupancy after the last update w If the transmission is in progress, go to step 5; otherwise go to step 4.

[0206] 3) HARQ-ACK Feedback The HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the PDSCH in the reference duration of its latest available DL channel occupancy is used as follows:

[0207] a. If at least one HARQ-ACK feedback is 'ACK' for a PDSCH with transport block based feedback or at least 10% of the HARQ-ACK feedback is 'ACK' for PDSCH CBGs at least partially transmitted on a channel with code block group based feedback, then go to step 1; otherwise, go to step 4.

[0208] 4) The CW for each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4} p Increase to the next higher allowed value.

[0209] 5) For each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4), maintain CW p No change; go to step 2.

[0210] The reference duration and duration T in the above procedure w , defined as follows:

[0211] The reference duration corresponding to a gNB-initiated channel occupation containing a PDSCH transmission is defined in this clause as the duration starting from the start of the channel occupation until the end of the first slot in which at least one unicast PDSCH is transmitted on all resources allocated for the PDSCH, or until the end of the gNB's first transmission burst containing a unicast PDSCH transmitted on all resources allocated for the PDSCH, whichever occurs first. If the channel occupation contains a unicast PDSCH, but it does not contain any unicast PDSCH transmitted on all resources allocated for the PDSCH, then the duration of the gNB's first transmission burst within the channel occupation containing the unicast PDSCH is the reference duration for CWS adjustment.

[0212] -T w =max(T A , T B +1ms), where T B is the duration of the transmit burst in ms from the start of the reference duration, and if there is no long-term guarantee (eg by regulatory levels) that there are no other technologies sharing the channel, then T A =5ms, otherwise T A =1Oms.

[0213] If the gNB transmits a transmission on a channel using a Type 1 channel access procedure associated with channel access priority class p and the transmission is not associated with explicit HARQ-ACK feedback for the corresponding UE, the gNB uses the latest CW for any DL transmission on the channel using a Type 1 channel access procedure associated with channel access priority class p p , adjust CW before step 1 of the procedure described in subclause 4.1.1 p If the corresponding channel access priority class p has not been used for any DL transmission on the channel, then CW p =CW min，p .

[0214] 4.1.4.3 Common procedures for CWS adjustment for DL ​​transmissions

[0215] The following applies to the procedures described in clauses 4.1.4.1 and 4.1.4.2:

[0216] -If CW p =CW max，p , then used to adjust CW p The next higher allowed value is CW max，p .

[0217] -If CW p =CW max，p Use K times in succession to generate N init , then only for CW p =CW max，p Use K times in succession to generate N init The priority class pp will be CW p Reset to CW min，p K is selected by the eNB / gNB from the value set {1, 2, ..., 8} for each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4}.

[0218] 4.1.5 Energy Detection Threshold Adaptation Procedure

[0219] The eNB / gNB accessing the channel to perform transmission shall set the energy detection threshold (X 阈值) is less than or equal to the maximum energy detection threshold X Thresh_max .

[0220] X Thresh_max Determine as follows:

[0221] - If there is a long-term guarantee (e.g. at the regulatory level) that there will not be any other technology sharing the channel, then:

[0222] -

[0223] -X r is the maximum energy detection threshold in dBm defined by regulatory requirements when those requirements are defined, otherwise X r =T max +10dB;

[0224] -otherwise,

[0225] -

[0226] in:

[0227] - For transmissions containing discovery bursts as described in clause 4.1.2, T A =5dB, otherwise T A =10dB;

[0228] -P H =23dBm;

[0229] -P TX is the set maximum eNB / gNB output power in dBm for the channel;

[0230] - Regardless of whether single-channel or multi-channel transmission is used, the eNB / gNB uses a set maximum transmit power on a single channel

[0231] -T max (dBm)=10·log 10(3.16228·10 -8 (mW / MHz)·BWMHz(MHz));

[0232] - BWMHz is the single channel bandwidth in MHz.

[0233] 4.1.6 Channel access procedures for transmission on multiple channels

[0234] The eNB / gNB may access multiple channels for transmission according to one of the Type A or Type B procedures described in this clause.

[0235] 4.1.6.1 Type A multi-channel access procedure

[0236] The eNB / gNB shall follow the procedure described in clause 4.1.1 on each channel c i Channel access is performed on ∈C, where C is the set of channels on which the eNB / gNB intends to transmit, and i = 0, 1, ... q-1, and q is the number of channels on which the eNB / gNB intends to transmit.

[0237] The counter N described in clause 4.1.1 is for each channel c i Determined and expressed as is maintained in accordance with Clause 4.1.6.1.1 or 4.1.6.1.2.

[0238] 4.1.6.1.1 Type A1 multi-channel access procedure

[0239] The counter N described in clause 4.1.1 is for each channel c i independently determined and expressed as

[0240] If there is no long-term guarantee (e.g., at regulatory level) that there are no other technologies sharing the channel, when the eNB / gNB stops any channel c j ∈C, for each channel c i ≠c j , while waiting for 4·T sl After the duration or after reinitialization When an idle sensing slot is detected later, the eNB / gNB can continue to decrease

[0241] In order to determine the channel c i The CW p , using the procedure described in clause 4.1.4.2 with channel c i fully or partially overlap any PDSCH.

[0242] 4.1.6.1.2 Type A2 multi-channel access procedure

[0243] Counter N is as described in clause 4.1.1 for channel c j ∈C is determined and is expressed as where c j is the one with the maximum CW p For each channel c i ,

[0244] When the eNB / gNB determines When transmission stops on any of the channels, the eNB / gNB shall reinitialize

[0245] In order to determine the channel c i The CW p , using the procedure described in clause 4.1.4.2 with channel c i fully or partially overlap any PDSCH.

[0246] 4.1.6.2 Type B multi-channel access procedure

[0247] Channel c j ∈C is selected by the eNB / gNB as follows:

[0248] -eNB / gNB communicates via multiple channels i Before each transmission on ∈C, c is uniformly randomly selected from C j To select c j ,or

[0249] -eNB / gNB selection c j The frequency does not exceed once every 1 second,

[0250] Where C is the set of channels on which the eNB / gNB intends to transmit, i=0, 1, ...q-1, and q is the number of channels on which the eNB intends to transmit.

[0251] In order to j Upward Transmission

[0252] - The eNB / gNB shall follow the procedure described in clause 4.1.1 with the modifications described in clause 4.1.6.2.1 or 4.1.6.2.2 on channel c j Perform channel access on the

[0253] In order to i ≠c j , c i ∈C

[0254] - For each channel c i , eNB / gNB should be in channel c j Immediately before transmission at least a sensing interval T mc =25us sensing channel c i , and the eNB / gNB can sense at least the interval T mc Channel c is sensed in i Immediately after idle on carrier c i If at a given interval T mc In channel c j If the channel is idle during the entire duration of performing idle sensing, the channel c i Considered as Tmc Idle.

[0255] eNB / gNB exceeds T as given in Table 4.1.1-1 mcot，p The period should not be in channel c i ≠c j , c i ∈C transmits, where T mcot，p The value is used for channel c j The channel access parameters are determined by

[0256] For the procedures in this clause, the channel frequency of the channel set C selected by the gNB is one of the channel frequency sets defined in [6].

[0257] 4.1.6.2.1 Type B1 multi-channel access procedure

[0258] Maintain a single CW for the channel set C p value.

[0259] In order to determine the channel c j CW on channel access p , modify step 2 of the procedure described in clause 4.1.4.1 as follows

[0260] - If corresponding to all channels c j If at least Z = 80% of the HARQ-ACK values ​​transmitted by the PDSCH in the reference subframe k of ∈ C are determined to be NACK, then the CW for each priority class p∈{1, 2, 3, 4} p Increase to the next higher allowed value; otherwise, go to step 1.

[0261] To determine the CW for the channel set C p , using the procedure described in clause 4.1.4.2 with any channel c i ∈C completely or partially overlaps any PDSCH.

[0262] 4.1.6.2.2 Type B2 multi-channel access procedure

[0263] Use the procedure described in clause 4.1.4 for each channel c i ∈C independently maintains CW p value.

[0264] In order to determine the channel c i The CW p , using the procedure described in clause 4.1.4.2 with channel c i fully or partially overlap any PDSCH.

[0265] In order to determine the channel cj N init , using channel c j1 CW of ∈C p Value, where c j1 is the channel with the largest CW among all channels in set C p channel.

[0266] 4.2 Uplink Channel Access Procedure

[0267] A UE transmitting on an LAA Scell, an eNB scheduling or configuring UL transmission for a UE transmitting on an LAA Scell, and a UE transmitting on a channel and a gNB scheduling or configuring UL transmission for a UE transmitting on a channel shall perform the procedures described in this clause for the UE to access the channel on which the transmission is performed.

[0268] In this clause, transmissions from a UE are considered separate UL transmissions, regardless of whether there are gaps between transmissions, and X for sensing is adjusted as described in clause 4.2.3, if applicable. 阈值 .

[0269] The UE performs the channel access procedure in this clause unless the higher layer parameter ChannelAccessMode-r16 is provided and ChannelAccessMode-r16 = 'semi-static'.

[0270] If the UE fails to access the channel before the scheduled UL transmission to the gNB, Layer 1 notifies higher layers of the channel access failure.

[0271] 4.2.1 Channel access procedure for uplink transmission

[0272] The UE may access the channel for performing UL transmission according to one of the Type 1 or Type 2 UL channel access procedures. The Type 1 channel access procedure is described in clause 4.2.1.1. The Type 2 channel access procedure is described in clause 4.2.1.2.

[0273] If the UL grant scheduling a PUSCH transmission indicates a Type 1 channel access procedure, the UE shall use the Type 1 channel access procedure for transmissions including PUSCH transmissions, unless otherwise specified in this clause.

[0274] The UE shall use Type 1 channel access procedure for transmissions on configured UL resources including autonomous or configured grant PUSCH transmissions, unless otherwise specified in this clause.

[0275] If the UL grant scheduling a PUSCH transmission indicates a Type 2 channel access procedure, the UE shall use the Type 2 channel access procedure for transmitting transmissions including the PUSCH transmission, unless otherwise specified in this clause.

[0276] The UE shall use Type 1 channel access procedure for SRS transmissions not including PUSCH transmissions. UL channel access priority class p=1 in Table 4.2.1-1 is for SRS transmissions not including PUSCH.

[0277] If a DL assignment that triggers SRS but does not schedule PUCCH transmission indicates a Type 2 channel access procedure, the UE shall use the Type 2 channel access procedure.

[0278] If a UE is scheduled by the eNB / gNB to transmit PUSCH and SRS in contiguous transmissions without any gaps in between, and if the UE is unable to access the channel used for PUSCH transmission, then the UE shall attempt to make SRS transmissions according to the uplink channel access procedure specified for SRS transmissions.

[0279] If a UE is scheduled by a gNB to transmit a PUSCH and one or more SRSs in a non-contiguous transmission with a single UL grant, or if a UE is scheduled by a gNB to transmit a PUCCH and / or SRS in a non-contiguous transmission with a single DL assignment, the UE shall use the channel access procedure indicated by the scheduling DCI for the first UL transmission scheduled by the scheduling DCI. If the UE senses that the channel is continuously idle after the UE has stopped transmitting the first transmission, the UE may use a Type 2 channel access procedure or a Type 2A UL channel access procedure to transmit the other UL transmissions scheduled by the scheduling DCI without applying CP extension, provided that the other UL transmissions are within the gNB channel occupancy time. Otherwise, if the UE senses that the channel is not continuously idle after the UE has stopped transmitting the first UL transmission or the other UL transmissions are outside the gNB channel occupancy time, the UE may use a Type 1 channel access procedure to transmit the other UL transmissions without applying CP extension.

[0280] The UE shall use Type 1 channel access procedure for PUCCH transmission unless otherwise specified in this clause. If the DL grant determined according to clause 9.2.3 of [7, TS 38.213] or the Random Access Response (RAR) message of the successRAR for scheduled PUCCH transmission indicates Type 2 channel access procedure, the UE shall use Type 2 channel access procedure.

[0281] When the UE uses Type 1 channel access procedure for PUCCH transmission or PUSCH-only transmission without UL-SCH, the UE shall use UL channel access priority class p=1 in Table 4.2.1-1.

[0282] The UE shall use the Type 1 channel access procedure for PRACH transmissions and PUSCH transmissions where there is no user plane data associated with the random access procedure that initiated the channel occupation. In this case, the UL channel access priority class p=1 in Table 4.2.1-1 is used for PRACH transmissions and the UL channel access priority class for PUSCH transmissions is determined according to clause 5.6.2 of [9].

[0283] When the UE uses the Type 1 channel access procedure for PUSCH transmission on configured resources, the UE determines the corresponding UL channel access priority p in Table 4.2.1-1 following the procedure described in clause 5.6.2 of [9].

[0284] When the UE uses the Type 1 channel access procedure for PUSCH transmission of user plane data with indication by UL grant or associated with a random access procedure in which the corresponding UL channel access priority p is not indicated, the UE determines p in Table 4.2.1-1 following the same procedure as for PUSCH transmission on configured resources using the Type 1 channel access procedure.

[0285] When the UE uses Type 2A, Type 2B or Type 2C UL channel access procedure for PUSCH transmission indicated by an UL grant or associated with a random access procedure in which the corresponding UL channel access priority class p is not indicated, the UE assumes that the gNB uses channel access priority class p = 4 during the channel occupancy time.

[0286] UE should not exceed T ulm cot，p The UE transmits on the channel during the channel occupancy time, where the channel access procedure is performed based on the channel access priority class p associated with the UE transmission, as given in Table 4.2.1-1.

[0287] If the UE sets the 'COT sharing indication' in the AUL-UCI to '1' in a subframe within an autonomous uplink transmission as described in clause 4.1.3, including subsequent DL transmissions, the total channel occupancy time of the autonomous uplink transmission obtained through the channel access procedure in this clause shall not exceed T ulm cot，p , where T ulm cot，p Given in Table 4.2.1-1.

[0288] Table 4.2.1-1: Channel Access Priority Class (CAPC) for UL

[0289]

[0290] 4.3 Channel access procedure for semi-static channel occupation

[0291] The channel assessment procedure based on semi-static channel occupancy as described in this clause is intended for environments where the absence of other technologies is guaranteed, for example by regulatory levels, privacy policies, etc. If the gNB provides the UE with the higher layer parameter ChannelAccessMode-r16 = 'semi-static' via SIB1 or dedicated configuration, then the channel assessment procedure based on semi-static channel occupancy may be used within every T x The gNB initiates periodic channel occupation, starting from i·T x The even-indexed radio frame starts at and has a maximum channel occupancy time T y =0.95T x , where T is in ms x =period is a higher-level parameter provided in SemiStaticChannelAccessConfig, month

[0292] In the subsequent procedures in this clause, when the gNB or UE performs sensing for assessing channel availability, at least during the sensing slot duration T sl = Sensing is performed during 9us. Corresponding X for sensing performed by gNB or UE 阈值 Adjustments are described in clauses 4.1.5 and 4.2.3 respectively.

[0293] The channel occupancy initiated by the gNB and shared with the UE shall meet the following conditions:

[0294] - The gNB shall sense the time slot for at least the duration T sl = 9us. If the channel is sensed to be busy, the gNB shall not perform any transmissions during the current period.

[0295] If the gap between a DL transmission burst and any previous transmission burst is greater than 16us, the gNB may sense for at least the slot duration T sl =9us immediately after sensing that the channel is idle and transmitting the DL transmission burst within the channel occupation time.

[0296] - If the gap between DL and UL transmit bursts is at most 16 us, the gNB can transmit a DL transmit burst after a UL transmit burst within the channel occupancy time without sensing the channel.

[0297] - After detecting a DL transmission burst within the channel occupancy time, the UE may transmit an UL transmission burst as follows:

[0298] - If the gap between UL and DL transmission bursts is at most 16 us, the UE can transmit an UL transmission burst after a DL transmission burst within the channel occupancy time without sensing the channel.

[0299] If the gap between UL and DL transmission bursts is greater than 16 us, the UE may sense for at least the time slot duration T in the 25 us interval ending immediately before the transmission. sl =9us after sensing that the channel is idle, a UL transmission burst is transmitted after a DL transmission burst within the channel occupation time.

[0300] - The gNB and UE must be at least T before the start of the next cycle z =max(0.05T x , 100us) in a continuous symbol set shall not transmit anything.

[0301] If the UE fails to access the channel before the scheduled UL transmission to the gNB, Layer 1 notifies higher layers of the channel access failure.

[0302] There is research on operation in frequency bands above 52.6 gigahertz (GHz). Some variations and / or modifications are contemplated because there are several characteristics that differ from lower conventional frequency bands (e.g., at least one of a wider available bandwidth, greater noise such as greater phase noise, different (e.g., greater) inter-cell interference (ICI), etc.). Therefore, larger subcarrier spacing (e.g., up to 960 kHz) is contemplated and the bandwidth of the cell may be increased to the GHz level (e.g., 1 or 2 GHz). Alternatively and / or in addition, since unlicensed spectrum may be present in the frequency bands under consideration, whether there are any required changes to the channel access scheme remains to be discussed. For example, there may be some situations in which a device accesses a channel and / or spectrum without LBT (e.g., no LBT). Alternatively and / or in addition, one or more adjustments to LBT may be considered, such as directional LBT and / or receiver-assisted LBT. Information related to frequency bands, LBT, and / or one or more adjustments to LBT is provided in one or more sections of RP-202925 cited below:

[0303] Based on the results of a study project to support NR above 52.6 GHz and to leverage FR2 designs as much as possible, this WI extends NR operation up to 71 GHz, considering both licensed and unlicensed operation, with the following objectives:

[0304] ■ Physical layer aspects including [RAN1]:

[0305] o In addition to the 120 kHz SCS, new SCSs, 480 kHz and 960 kHz, are specified, and the maximum bandwidth is defined for operation in this frequency range for data and control channels and reference signals, supporting only NCP.

[0306] Note: Except for timing line related aspects, the common design framework should be used for 480kHz to 960kHz

[0307] o Timeline related aspects for 480kHz and 960kHz, e.g. BWP and beam switching timing, HARQ timing, UE processing, preparation and calculation timelines for PDSCH, PUSCH / SRS and CSI respectively.

[0308] o Support of up to 64 SSB beams for licensed and unlicensed operation in this frequency range.

[0309] o Support 120kHz SCS for SSB and 120kHz SCS for initial access-related signals / channels in initial BWP.

[0310] ■If necessary, study and specify additional SCS (240kHz, 480kHz, 960kHz) for SSB, and additional SCS (480kHz, 960kHz) for initial access-related signals / channels in the initial BWP.

[0311] ■ If necessary, study and specify additional SCSs (480 kHz, 960 kHz) for SSB for cases other than initial access.

[0312] ■Note: Coverage enhancement for SSB is not implemented.

[0313] o Specify the timing associated with beam-based operations as a new SCS (i.e., 480kHz and / or 960kHz), and study and specify potential enhancements for shared spectrum operations if needed

[0314] ■ Study which beam management will be used as the basis: R15 / 16 or R17 in RAN#91-e

[0315] o Support enhancements for PUCCH formats 0 / 1 / 4 to increase the number of RBs under PSD limitation in shared spectrum operation.

[0316] ○ Support for enhancements for multiple PDSCH / PUSCH scheduling and HARQ support with a single DCI

[0317] Note: Coverage enhancement for multiple PDSCH / PUSCH scheduling is not implemented

[0318] o Support for enhancements to PDCCH monitoring, including blind detection / CCE budgeting, and multi-slot span monitoring, potential restrictions on UE PDCCH configurations and capabilities related to PDCCH monitoring.

[0319] o Specify support for PRACH sequence lengths (i.e., L=139, L=571, and L=1151), and if needed, study and specify support for non-contiguous RACH occasion (RO) configurations in the time domain for operation in shared spectrum

[0320] o Evaluate and, if needed, specify PTRS enhancements for 120 kHz SCS, 480 kHz SCS, and / or 960 kHz SCS, and DMRS enhancements for 480 kHz SCS and / or 960 kHz SCS.

[0321] ■Contains the physical layer procedures of [RAN1]:

[0322] o The channel access mechanism assumes beam-based operation in order to comply with regulatory requirements applicable to the unlicensed spectrum at frequencies between 52.6 GHz and 71 GHz.

[0323] ■Specify LBT and no-LBT related procedures, and do not specify additional sensing mechanisms for the no-LBT case.

[0324] ■ Study and, if necessary, specify omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, and receiver assistance in channel access

[0325] ■ Study and, if necessary, specify energy detection threshold enhancements

[0326] Beams can be used for transmission (e.g., beams can be utilized to improve transmission quality by focusing signal strength in a desired direction, such as in a direction toward a receiver). For example, utilizing beams (e.g., utilizing beams to focus signal strength in a desired direction) can improve coverage on high frequency bands. Quasi-colocation (QCL) with type D can be used to represent the utilization of beams. For example, transmitting and / or receiving a signal with quasi-colocation of type D can mean that the transmission and / or reception is performed with the same beam as the beam used for the signal. For more details about beams and / or QCL type D, see one or more sections of 3GPP TS 38.214 V16.4.0 cited below:

[0327] 5.1.5 Quasi-co-location of antenna ports

[0328] The UE may be configured with a list of up to M TCI-State configurations within the higher layer parameter PDSCH-Config to decode the PDSCH based on a detected PDCCH with DCI intended for the UE and a given serving cell, where M depends on the UE capability maxNumberConfiguredTCIstatesPerCC. Each TCI-State contains parameters for configuring the quasi-co-location relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH, the DM-RS ports of the PDCCH or the CSI-RS ports of the CSI-RS resources. The quasi-co-location relationship is configured by the higher layer parameter qcl-Type1 for the first DL RS and the higher layer parameter qcl-Type2 for the second DL RS (if configured). In the case of two DL RSs, the QCL type will be different, regardless of whether the reference is to the same DL RS or different DL RSs. The quasi-co-location type corresponding to each DL RS is given by the higher layer parameter qcl-Type in QCL-Info and can take one of the following values:

[0329] - 'Type A': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}

[0330] - 'Type B': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread}

[0331] - 'Type C': {Doppler shift, average delay}

[0332] - 'Type D': {Spatial Rx Parameters}

[0333] The UE receives an activation command as described in clause 6.1.3.14 of [10, TS 38.321] to map up to eight TCI states to codepoints of the DCI field 'Transmission Configuration Indication' in one CC / DL BWP or a set of CC / DL BWPs. When a set of TCI state IDs is activated for a set of CC / DL BWPs, where the list of applicable CCs is determined by the CCs indicated in the activation command, the same set of TCI state IDs applies to all DL BWPs in the indicated CCs.

[0334] When the UE supports two TCI states in the code point of the DCI field 'Transmission Configuration Indication', the UE may receive an activation command, as described in clause 6.1.3.24 of [10, TS 38.321], to map up to eight combinations of one or two TCI states to the code point of the DCI field 'Transmission Configuration Indication'. The UE is not expected to receive more than eight TCI states in the activation command.

[0335] When the DCI field 'Transmission Configuration Indication' is present in DCI format 1_2 and when the number of code points S in the DCI field 'Transmission Configuration Indication' of DCI format 1_2 is less than the number of TCI code points activated by the activation command, as described in clauses 6.1.3.14 and 6.1.3.24 of [10, TS38.321], only the first S activated code points are applied to DCI format 1_2.

[0336] When the UE transmits a PUCCH with HARQ-ACK information in slot n corresponding to the PDSCH carrying the activation command, the mapping between the indicated TCI state and the code point of the DCI field 'Transmission Configuration Indication' shall be applied, starting from the time slot n. , where μ is the SCS configuration for PUCCH. If TCI-PresentInDCI is set to 'enabled' or tci-PresentDCI-1-2 is configured as CORESET for scheduling PDSCH and the time offset between the reception of DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH is equal to or greater than timeDurationForQCL (if applicable), then after the UE receives the initial higher layer configuration of the TCI state and before the reception of the activation command, the UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH of the serving cell are quasi-co-located with the SS / PBCH blocks determined in the initial access procedure with respect to qcl-Type set to 'Type A' and, if applicable, also with respect to qcl-Type set to 'Type D'.

[0337] If the UE is configured with the higher layer parameter tci-PresentInDCI set to 'enabled' for a CORESET scheduling PDSCH, the UE assumes that the TCI field is present in DCI format 1_1 of the PDCCH transmitted on the CORESET. If the UE is configured with the higher layer parameter tci-PresentDCI-1-2 for a CORESET scheduling PDSCH, the UE assumes that the TCI field is present in DCI format 1_2 of the PDCCH transmitted on the CORESET with the DCI field size indicated by tci-PresentDCI-1-2. If PDSCH is scheduled by a DCI format in which the TCI field is absent, and the time offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH of the serving cell is equal to or greater than the threshold timeDurationForQCL (if applicable), where the threshold is based on the reported UE capabilities [13, TS 38.306], for the purpose of determining PDSCH antenna port quasi co-location, the UE assumes that the TCI state or QCL assumption used for PDSCH is the same as the TCI state or QCL assumption applied by the CORESET for PDCCH transmission within the active BWP of the serving cell (whichever is the same).

[0338] If the PDSCH is scheduled by a DCI format with the TCI field present, then the TCI field in the DCI in the scheduling component carrier points to the activated TCI state in the scheduled component carrier or DL ​​BWP, and the UE shall use the TCI-State based on the value of the 'Transmission Configuration Indication' field in the detected PDCCH with DCI to determine the PDSCH antenna port quasi-co-location. If the time offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH is equal to or greater than the threshold timeDurationForQCL, then the UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH of the serving cell are quasi-co-located with the RS in the TCI state relative to the QCL type parameter given by the indicated TCI state, where the threshold is based on the reported UE capabilities [13, TS 38.306]. When the UE is configured with a single-slot PDSCH, the indicated TCI state shall be based on the activated TCI state in the slot with the scheduled PDSCH. When the UE is configured with multi-slot PDSCH, the indicated TCI state shall be based on the activated TCI state in the first slot with scheduled PDSCH, and the UE shall expect the activated TCI state to be the same across slots with scheduled PDSCH. When the UE is configured with a CORESET associated with a search space set for cross-carrier scheduling and the UE is not configured with enableDefaultBeamForCCS, the UE expects tci-PresentInDCI to be set to 'enabled' or tci-PresentDCI-1-2 to be configured for the CORESET, and if one or more of the TCI states configured for serving cells scheduled by the search space set contains qcl-Type set to 'Type D', then the UE expects the time offset between the reception of a detected PDCCH in the search space set and the corresponding PDSCH to be greater than or equal to the threshold timeDurationForQCL.

[0339] Regardless of the configuration of tci-PresentInDCI and tci-PresentDCI-1-2 in RRC connected mode, if the offset between the reception of DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH is less than the threshold timeDurationForQCL and at least one configured TCI state of the serving cell for the scheduled PDSCH has qcl-Type set to 'Type D',

[0340] - The UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH of the serving cell are quasi-co-located with the RS relative to the QCL parameters of the PDCCH quasi-co-location indication for the CORESET associated with the monitoring search space with the lowest controlResourceSetId in the latest slot in which one or more CORESETs within the BWP in the role of the serving cell are monitored by the UE. In this case, if the qcl-Type of the PDSCH DM-RS set to 'Type D' is different from the type of the PDCCH DM-RS with which they overlap in at least one symbol, the UE is expected to prioritize the reception of the PDCCH associated with the CORESET. This also applies to the intra-band CA case (when the PDSCH and CORESET are in different component carriers).

[0341] - if the UE is configured with enableDefaultTCIStatePerCoresetPoolIndex and the UE is configured with a higher layer parameter PDCCH-Config containing two different values ​​for coresetPoolIndex in different ControlResourceSets,

[0342] - The UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH associated with the value of coresetPoolIndex of the serving cell are quasi-co-located with the RS relative to the QCL parameters of the PDCCH quasi-co-location indication for the CORESET associated with the monitoring search space with the lowest controlResourceSetId among the CORESETs configured with the same coresetPoolIndex value as the PDCCH scheduling the PDSCH in the latest slot, in which one or more CORESETs associated with the same coresetPoolIndex value as the PDCCH scheduling the PDSCH within the active BWP of the serving cell are monitored by the UE. In this case, if the 'QCL-Type D' of the PDSCH DM-RS is different from the 'QCL-Type D' of the PDCCH DM-RS with which they overlap in at least one symbol and they are associated with the same coresetPoolIndex, then the UE is expected to prioritize the reception of the PDCCH associated with the CORESET. This also applies to the intra-band CA case (when the PDSCH and CORESET are in different component carriers).

[0343] - If the UE is configured with enableTwoDefaultTCI-States and at least one TCI codepoint indicates two TCI states, then the UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH or PDSCH transmission opportunity of the serving cell are quasi-co-located with the RS with respect to the QCL parameter associated with the TCI state corresponding to the lowest codepoint among the TCI codepoints containing two different TCI states. When the UE is configured with the higher layer parameter repetitionScheme set to 'tdmSchemeA' or is configured with the higher layer parameter repetitionNumber, the mapping of TCI states to PDSCH transmission opportunities is determined according to clause 5.1.2.1 by replacing the indicated TCI state with the TCI state corresponding to the lowest codepoint among the TCI codepoints containing two different TCI states based on the activated TCI state in the timeslot with the first PDSCH transmission opportunity. In this case, if the 'QCL type D' in the two TCI states corresponding to the lowest code point among the TCI code points containing two different TCI states is different from the 'QCL type D' of the PDCCH DM-RS with which they overlap in at least one symbol, then the UE is expected to prioritize the reception of the PDCCH associated with the CORESET. This also applies to the intra-band CA case (when the PDSCH and CORESET are in different component carriers)

[0344] - In all the above cases, if the configured TCI state of the serving cell for the scheduled PDSCH is not configured with qcl-Type set to 'Type D', then the UE shall derive other QCL assumptions from the indicated TCI state for its scheduled PDSCH, regardless of the time offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH.

[0345] If a PDCCH carrying a scheduled DCI is received on one component carrier, and the PDSCH scheduled by said DCI is on another component carrier and the UE is configured with enableDefaultBeam-ForCCS:

[0346] -timeDurationForQCL is determined based on the subcarrier spacing of the scheduled PDSCH. If μPDCCH < μPDSCH, then the additional timing delay Added to timeDurationForQCL, where d is defined in 5.2.1.5.1a-1, otherwise d is zero;

[0347] -For both cases, when the offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH is less than the threshold timeDurationForQCL, and when the TCI field is absent from the DL DCI, the UE derives its QCL assumption for the scheduled PDSCH from the activated TCI state with the lowest ID of the PDSCH in the active BWP applicable to the scheduled cell.

[0348] For periodic CSI-RS resources configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, the UE shall expect the TCI-State to indicate one of the following quasi co-location types:

[0349] - 'Type C' with an SS / PBCH block and, if applicable, 'Type D' with the same SS / PBCH block, or

[0350] - 'Type C' with SS / PBCH blocks and, where applicable, 'Type D' with CSI-RS resources configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with higher layer parameter repetition, or

[0351] For aperiodic CSI-RS resources in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, the UE shall expect the TCI-State indication to have a qcl-Type set to 'Type A' for the periodic CSI-RS resources in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, a qcl-Type set to 'Type D' for the same periodic CSI-RS resources.

[0352] For CSI-RS resources in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet where the higher layer parameter trs-Info is not configured and the higher layer parameter repetition is not configured, the UE shall expect the TCI-State to indicate one of the following quasi co-location types:

[0353] - 'Type A' with a CSI-RS resource configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with the same CSI-RS resource, or

[0354] - 'Type A' with CSI-RS resources configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, where applicable, 'Type D' with SS / PBCH blocks, or

[0355] - 'Type A' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter repetition, or

[0356] - 'Type B' with CSI-RS resources configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with higher layer parameter trs-Info when 'Type D' is not applicable.

[0357] For CSI-RS resources in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter repetition, the UE shall expect the TCI-State to indicate one of the following quasi co-location types:

[0358] - 'Type A' with a CSI-RS resource configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with the same CSI-RS resource, or

[0359] - 'Type A' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter repetition, or

[0360] - 'Type C' with an SS / PBCH block and, when applicable, 'Type D' with the same SS / PBCH block.

[0361] For the DM-RS of the PDCCH, the UE shall expect the TCI-State to indicate one of the following quasi co-location types:

[0362] - 'Type A' with a CSI-RS resource configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with the same CSI-RS resource, or

[0363] - 'Type A' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter repetition, or

[0364] - 'Type A' with CSI-RS resources in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet that are not configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and not configured with the higher layer parameter repetition, and, if applicable, 'Type D' with the same CSI-RS resources.

[0365] For the DM-RS of the PDSCH, the UE shall expect the TCI-State to indicate one of the following quasi co-location types:

[0366] - 'Type A' with a CSI-RS resource configured in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with the same CSI-RS resource, or

[0367] - 'Type A' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter trs-Info, and, when applicable, 'Type D' with CSI-RS resources configured as in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet with the higher layer parameter repetition, or

[0368] - 'Type A' with CSI-RS resources in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet that are not configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and not configured with the higher layer parameter repetition, and, if applicable, 'Type D' with the same CSI-RS resources.

[0369] As discussed above, there may be at least two channel access modes (e.g., listen-before-talk (LBT) and no LBT) for at least some frequency bands (e.g., high frequency bands, such as frequency bands above 52.6 gigahertz (GHz)). Different types of LBT may exist, such as at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, etc. Tradeoffs may exist between different types of LBT and / or channel access modes (e.g., the at least two channel access modes). For example, a no LBT mode may reduce the latency of a transmission to provide a benefit in terms of throughput. For example, reduced latency and / or throughput benefits may be provided when there is no conflict between a transmission and one or more other transmissions (e.g., when there is no conflict between a transmission and one or more other transmissions from a receiver's perspective, such as when a transmission is transmitted to one receiver and does not conflict with one or more other transmissions transmitted to the one receiver). On the other hand, if transmissions (e.g., transmissions to one receiver) have collided with each other, resulting in a decoding failure (e.g., a decoding failure from the perspective of one receiver, such as a situation where the one receiver to which the transmissions were transmitted was unable to successfully decode the transmission due to the collision of the transmissions with each other), then LBT may be a better choice. There may be one or more criteria for the device to correctly determine (e.g., judge) whether to perform LBT and / or how to perform LBT. For example, based on the one or more criteria and / or using one or more of the techniques herein, the device can determine whether to perform an LBT channel access mode or a non-LBT channel access mode for the transmission, and / or the UE can determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform an LBT channel access mode for the transmission) which type of LBT (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, etc.) will be performed for the transmission.

[0370] The concept of the present disclosure is to determine whether to perform LBT for a transmission and / or how to perform LBT for a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission. For example, based on the one or more properties, the device can determine whether to perform LBT for the transmission, and / or the UE can determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT for the transmission) which type of LBT (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, etc.) to perform for the transmission. The one or more properties may include whether the transmission is transmitted in a beam. The one or more properties may include a beamwidth associated with the transmission (e.g., a beamwidth of a beam used for the transmission). The one or more properties may include a quasi-co-location (QCL) property. The one or more properties may include a reference signal that is quasi-co-located with the transmission. QCL may be associated with QCL type D.

[0371] In some examples, the device determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission based on one or more first properties of the transmission.

[0372] In one example (e.g., an example in which the one or more first properties include whether the transmission is transmitted in a beam), the device determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission based on whether the transmission is transmitted in a beam. For example, if the transmission is not transmitted in a beam (and / or when the transmission is not transmitted in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not transmitted in a beam), the device may perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is transmitted in a beam (and / or when the transmission is transmitted in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted in a beam), the device may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0373] In one example (e.g., an example in which the one or more first properties include a beamwidth associated with a transmission), the device determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission based on whether the beam associated with the transmission (e.g., the beam used to perform the transmission) is a wide beam or a narrow beam. For example, if the transmission is transmitted in a wide beam (e.g., a beam wider than a threshold, such as a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted in a wide beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted in a wide beam), then the device may perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is transmitted in a narrow beam (e.g., a beam narrower than a threshold, such as a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted in a narrow beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted in a narrow beam), then the device may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0374] In one example (e.g., an example in which the one or more first properties include a number of antennas associated with the transmission), the device determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission based on whether the number of antennas associated with the transmission is greater than a threshold or less than a threshold. For example, if the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas less than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas less than the threshold), then the device may perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas greater than the threshold), then the device may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0375] In one instance (e.g., an instance in which the one or more first properties include whether the transmission is quasi-co-located with a reference signal having QCL type D), the device determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission based on whether the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D. For example, if the transmission is not quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D (and / or when the transmission is not quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D), then the device may perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D), then the device may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0376] In one instance (e.g., an instance in which the one or more first properties include transmitting a signal that is quasi-co-located with it), the device determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission based on the signal that is quasi-co-located with it. For example, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with the first signal (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with the first signal and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with the first signal), then the device may perform LBT on the transmission. The first signal may be a first synchronization signal block (SSB). Here, "SSB" may refer to a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block. The first signal may be a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with a second signal (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with the second signal and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with the second signal), then the device may not perform LBT on the transmission. The second signal may be a second CSI-RS. The second signal may be a second SSB. Which signal (e.g., the first signal and / or one or more first signals including the first signal) is associated with LBT (e.g., LBT channel access mode) and / or which signal (e.g., the second signal and / or one or more second signals including the second signal) is associated with no LBT (e.g., no LBT channel access mode) can be predefined and / or indicated (e.g., the indication that the one or more first signals are associated with LBT and / or the indication that the one or more second signals are associated with no LBT can be received by the device).

[0377] In some instances, the device determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission or not based on one or more second properties of the transmission. For example, the determination of how to perform LBT on the transmission can correspond to the determination of the type of LBT to be performed on the transmission and / or the determination of the values ​​of LBT parameters to be used to perform LBT on the transmission. In some instances, the determination of how to perform LBT on the transmission can be performed in response to (and / or after) the determination to perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, the determination of how to perform LBT on the transmission can be performed simultaneously with (or before) the determination to perform LBT on the transmission. In an instance, the device determines whether to perform the first type of LBT or the second type of LBT on the transmission based on the one or more second properties of the transmission.

[0378] In one example (e.g., an example in which the one or more second properties include whether the transmission is transmitted in a beam), the device determines the type of LBT to be performed on the transmission (e.g., a first type of LBT or a second type of LBT) based on whether the transmission is transmitted in a beam. For example, if the transmission is not transmitted in a beam (and / or when the transmission is not transmitted in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not transmitted in a beam), the device may perform the first type of LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is transmitted in a beam (and / or when the transmission is transmitted in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted in a beam), the device may perform the second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0379] In one example (e.g., an example in which the one or more second properties include a beamwidth associated with the transmission), the device determines a type of LBT to be performed on the transmission (e.g., a first type of LBT or a second type of LBT) based on whether the beam associated with the transmission is a wide beam or the beam is a narrow beam. For example, if the transmission is transmitted in a wide beam (e.g., a beam wider than a threshold, such as a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted in a wide beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted in a wide beam), then the device may perform the first type of LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is transmitted in a narrow beam (e.g., a beam narrower than a threshold, such as a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted in a narrow beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted in a narrow beam), then the device may perform the second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0380] In one example (e.g., an example in which the one or more second properties include the number of antennas associated with the transmission), the device determines the type of LBT to be performed on the transmission (e.g., first type LBT or second type LBT) based on whether the number of antennas associated with the transmission is greater than a threshold or less than a threshold. For example, if the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas less than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas less than the threshold), then the device may perform the first type of LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmission is transmitted using antennas corresponding to a number of antennas greater than the threshold), then the device may perform the second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0381] In one instance (e.g., an instance in which the one or more second properties include whether the transmission is quasi-co-located with a reference signal having QCL type D), the device determines a type of LBT to be performed on the transmission (e.g., a first type of LBT or a second type of LBT) based on whether the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D. For example, if the transmission is not quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D (and / or when the transmission is not quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D), then the device may perform the first type of LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with the reference signal having QCL type D), then the device may perform the second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0382] In one instance (e.g., an instance in which the one or more second properties include a signal with which the transmission is quasi-co-located), the device determines a type of LBT to be performed on the transmission (e.g., a first type of LBT or a second type of LBT) based on the signal with which the transmission is quasi-co-located. For example, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with the first signal (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with the first signal and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with the first signal), then the device may perform the first type of LBT on the transmission. The first signal may be a first SSB. The first signal may be a first CSI-RS. Alternatively and / or in addition, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with a second signal (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with the second signal and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with the second signal), then the device may perform the second type of LBT on the transmission. The second signal may be a second CSI-RS. The second signal may be a second SSB. Which signal (e.g., the first signal and / or one or more first signals including the first signal) is associated with the first type of LBT and / or which signal (e.g., the second signal and / or one or more second signals including the second signal) is associated with the second type of LBT can be predefined and / or indicated (e.g., the indication that the one or more first signals are associated with the first type of LBT and / or the indication that the one or more second signals are associated with the second type of LBT can be received by the device).

[0383] The first type of LBT may be an omnidirectional LBT. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a directional LBT. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a receiver-assisted LBT. The second type of LBT may be an omnidirectional LBT. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a directional LBT. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a receiver-assisted LBT.

[0384] In some examples, different types of LBT can be associated with different values ​​of one or more LBT parameters. In one example, a first type of LBT can be associated with a first value of an LBT parameter. A second type of LBT can be associated with a second value of an LBT parameter. The LBT parameter can be a threshold for LBT (e.g., an energy detection threshold). Alternatively and / or in addition, the LBT parameter can be a window size for LBT (e.g., a contention window size).

[0385] In some examples, the first type of LBT is different from the second type of LBT. In one example, the first type of LBT may be an omnidirectional LBT and the second type of LBT may be a directional LBT or a receiver-assisted LBT. In one example, the first type of LBT may be a directional LBT and the second type of LBT may be an omnidirectional LBT or a receiver-assisted LBT. In one example, the first type of LBT may be a receiver-assisted LBT and the second type of LBT may be an omnidirectional LBT or a directional LBT. In one example, the first type of LBT and the second type of LBT may be omnidirectional LBTs, wherein a first value of an LBT parameter of the first type of LBT is different from a second value of an LBT parameter of the second type of LBT. In one example, the first type of LBT and the second type of LBT may be directional LBTs, wherein a first value of an LBT parameter of the first type of LBT is different from a second value of an LBT parameter of the second type of LBT. In one example, the first type of LBT and the second type of LBT may be receiver-assisted LBTs, wherein a first value of an LBT parameter of the first type of LBT is different from a second value of an LBT parameter of the second type of LBT.

[0386] With respect to one or more embodiments provided herein, such as the examples provided above, the apparatus may be a base station. Alternatively and / or additionally, the apparatus may be a UE.

[0387] With respect to one or more embodiments provided herein, such as the examples provided above, the transmission may be a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a CSI-RS transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be an NZP CSI-RS transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a ZP CSI-RS transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a DM-RS transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be an SSB transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a unicast transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a unicast PDCCH scheduling user plane data. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a transmission scheduled by a PDCCH. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a unicast PDSCH with user plane data. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be a discovery burst transmission.

[0388] In one example, the first type of LBT may be a downlink (DL) channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 1 DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2 DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2A DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2B DL ​​channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2C DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type A multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type A1 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type A2 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type B multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type B1 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type B2 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 1 UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2 UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2A UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2B UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first type of LBT may be a type 2C UL channel access procedure.

[0389] In one example, the second type of LBT may be a DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 1 DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2 DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2A DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2B DL ​​channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2C DL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type A multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type A1 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type A2 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type B multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type B1 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type B2 multi-channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 1 UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2 UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2A UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2B UL channel access procedure. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second type of LBT may be a Type 2C UL channel access procedure.

[0390] In a first embodiment, a UE determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include whether the transmission is performed in a beam. For example, based on whether the transmission is performed in a beam, the UE may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission, and / or the UE may determine (in response to, for example, determining that LBT is performed on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0391] In one example, if the transmission is not performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is an omnidirectional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is not performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not performed in a beam), the UE may perform LBT on the transmission. If the transmission is performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is a directional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is performed in a beam), the UE may not perform LBT on the transmission (e.g., the UE may directly perform the transmission without LBT).

[0392] In one example, if the transmission is not performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is an omnidirectional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is not performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not performed in a beam), the UE may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the transmission is performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is a directional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is performed in a beam), the UE may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission. The first type of LBT may be different from the second type of LBT.

[0393] In one example, if the transmission is performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is directional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is performed in a beam), the UE may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the transmission is not performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is omnidirectional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is not performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not performed in a beam), the UE may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. The first value may be different from the second value.

[0394] In a second embodiment, a base station determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on the transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include whether the transmission is performed in a beam. For example, based on whether the transmission is performed in a beam, the base station may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission, and / or the base station may determine (in response to, for example, determining that LBT is performed on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0395] In one example, if the transmission is not performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is an omnidirectional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is not performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not performed in a beam), the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. If the transmission is performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is a directional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is performed in a beam), the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0396] In one example, if the transmission is not performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is an omnidirectional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is not performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not performed in a beam), the base station may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the transmission is performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is a directional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is performed in a beam), the base station may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission. The first type of LBT may be different from the second type of LBT.

[0397] In one example, if the transmission is performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is directional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is performed in a beam), the base station may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the transmission is not performed in a beam (e.g., the transmission is omnidirectional transmission) (and / or when the transmission is not performed in a beam and / or based on a determination that the transmission is not performed in a beam), the base station may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. The first value may be different from the second value.

[0398] In a third embodiment, a UE determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include a beamwidth of the transmission. For example, based on the beamwidth of the transmission, the UE may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission and / or the UE may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0399] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is a first value (e.g., the first beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the first value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the first value), the UE may perform LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is a second value (e.g., the second beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the second value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the second value), the UE may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0400] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold beamwidth, such as 30 degrees or a different value) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold), then the UE may perform LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is less than a threshold (e.g., a threshold beamwidth, such as 30 degrees or a different value) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold), then the UE may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0401] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is a first value (e.g., the first beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the first value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the first value), the UE may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is a second value (e.g., the second beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the second value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the second value), the UE may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0402] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is greater than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold value), the UE may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value (e.g., a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value), the UE may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0403] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is a first value (e.g., the first beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the first value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the first value), the UE may perform LBT for the first parameter value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the transmitted beamwidth is a second value (e.g., the second beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the second value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the second value), the UE may perform LBT for the second parameter value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0404] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is greater than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold value), the UE may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value (e.g., the threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value), the UE may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0405] In the examples provided with respect to the third embodiment, the transmitted beamwidth may correspond to the beamwidth of the transmitted beam (eg, the beamwidth of the beam used to perform the transmission).

[0406] In a fourth embodiment, a base station determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include a beamwidth of the transmission. For example, based on the beamwidth of the transmission, the base station may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission and / or the base station may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0407] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is a first value (e.g., the first beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the first value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the first value), the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is a second value (e.g., the second beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the second value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the second value), the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0408] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold beamwidth, such as 30 degrees or a different value) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold (e.g., a threshold beamwidth, such as 30 degrees or a different value) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold), then the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0409] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is a first value (e.g., a first beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the first value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the first value), the base station may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is a second value (e.g., a second beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the second value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the second value), the base station may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0410] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold), then the base station may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold (e.g., a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold), then the base station may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0411] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is a first value (e.g., the first beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the first value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the first value), the base station may perform LBT for the first parameter value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the transmitted beamwidth is a second value (e.g., the second beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is the second value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is the second value), the base station may perform LBT for the second parameter value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0412] In one example, if the transmitted beamwidth is greater than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is greater than the threshold value), the base station may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value (e.g., the threshold beamwidth) (and / or when the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the transmitted beamwidth is less than the threshold value), the base station may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0413] In the examples provided with respect to the fourth embodiment, the transmitted beamwidth may correspond to the beamwidth of the transmitted beam (eg, the beamwidth of the beam used to perform the transmission).

[0414] In a fifth embodiment, a UE determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include the number of antennas used for the transmission. For example, based on the number of antennas used for the transmission, the UE may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission, and / or the UE may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0415] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value (e.g., a first number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is the first value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is the first value), the UE may perform LBT on the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value (e.g., a second number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is the second value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is the second value), the UE may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0416] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is less than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas, such as 64 antennas or a different value) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold), the UE may perform LBT for the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas, such as 64 antennas or a different value) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold), the UE may not perform LBT for the transmission.

[0417] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value (e.g., a first number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value), the UE may perform a first type of LBT for the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value (e.g., a second number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value), the UE may perform a second type of LBT for the transmission.

[0418] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is less than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold), the UE may perform a first type of LBT for the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold), the UE may perform a second type of LBT for the transmission.

[0419] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value), the UE may perform LBT for a first parameter value of an LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value), the UE may perform LBT for a second parameter value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0420] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is less than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold value), the UE may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold value (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold value), the UE may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0421] In a sixth embodiment, a base station determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include the number of antennas used for the transmission. For example, based on the number of antennas used for the transmission, the base station may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission and / or the base station may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0422] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value (e.g., a first number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value), the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value (e.g., a second number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value), the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0423] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is less than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas, such as 64 antennas or a different value) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas, such as 64 antennas or a different value) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold), then the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0424] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value (e.g., a first number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value), the base station may perform a first type of LBT for the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value (e.g., a second number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value), the base station may perform a second type of LBT for the transmission.

[0425] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is less than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold), the base station may perform a first type of LBT for the transmission. If the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold), the base station may perform a second type of LBT for the transmission.

[0426] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a first value), the base station may perform LBT for a first parameter value of an LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is a second value), the base station may perform LBT for a second parameter value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0427] In one example, if the number of antennas used for transmission is less than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is less than the threshold value), the base station may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold value (e.g., the threshold number of antennas) (and / or when the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold value and / or based on a determination that the number of antennas used for transmission is greater than the threshold value), the base station may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0428] In a seventh embodiment, a UE determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include a signal quasi-co-located with the transmission and / or a type of signal quasi-co-located with the transmission. For example, based on the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission and / or the type of the signal, the UE may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission, and / or the UE may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0429] In one example, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal), then the UE may perform LBT on the transmission. If the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal), then the UE may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0430] In one example, if the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first type), then the UE may perform LBT on the transmission. If the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second type), then the UE may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0431] In one example, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal), the UE may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal), the UE may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0432] In one example, if the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type), then the UE may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type), then the UE may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0433] In one example, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal), the UE may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal), the UE may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0434] In one example, if the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type), the UE may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type), the UE may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0435] In the example provided with respect to the seventh embodiment, the first signal may be an SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first signal may be a CSI-RS. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal may be an SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal may be a CSI-RS. In some instances, the UE receives an indication from the base station of which signal is (and / or belongs to) the first signal (e.g., the indication indicates the first signal). In some instances, the UE receives an indication from the base station of which signal is (and / or belongs to) the second signal (e.g., the indication indicates the second signal). There may be a rule (e.g., a predefined rule) for determining which signal is (and / or belongs to) the first signal and / or which signal is (and / or belongs to) the second signal (e.g., the UE and / or the base station may determine whether the signal is the first signal or the second signal based on the rule).

[0436] In the examples provided with respect to the seventh embodiment, the first signal type may be SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first signal type may be CSI-RS. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal type may be SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal type may be CSI-RS. In some instances, the UE receives an indication of the first signal type from the base station. In some instances, the UE receives an indication of the second signal type from the base station. There may be rules (e.g., predefined rules) for determining the first signal type and / or the second signal type (e.g., the UE and / or the base station may determine whether the signal is a first type of signal or a second type of signal based on the rules).

[0437] In an eighth embodiment, a base station determines whether to perform LBT on a transmission and / or how to perform LBT on a transmission based on one or more properties of the transmission, wherein the one or more properties include a signal quasi-co-located with the transmission and / or a type of signal quasi-co-located with the transmission. For example, based on the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission and / or the type of signal, the base station may determine whether to perform LBT on the transmission, and / or the base station may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0438] In one example, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first signal), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. If the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second signal), then the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0439] In one example, if the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. If the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type), then the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission.

[0440] In one example, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal), then the base station may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal), then the base station may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0441] In one example, if the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first type), then the base station may perform a first type of LBT on the transmission. If the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type (and / or when the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second type), then the base station may perform a second type of LBT on the transmission.

[0442] In one example, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the first signal), the base station may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second signal (and / or when the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second signal and / or based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is the second signal), the base station may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0443] In one example, if the type of the signal with which the quasi-co-location is transmitted is the first type (and / or when the type of the signal with which the quasi-co-location is transmitted is the first type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal with which the quasi-co-location is transmitted is the first type), the base station may perform LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT. If the type of the signal with which the quasi-co-location is transmitted is the second type (and / or when the type of the signal with which the quasi-co-location is transmitted is the second type and / or based on a determination that the type of the signal with which the quasi-co-location is transmitted is the second type), the base station may perform LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT.

[0444] In the example provided with respect to the eighth embodiment, the first signal may be an SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first signal may be a CSI-RS. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal may be an SSB. The second signal may be a signal other than the CSI-RS. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal may be a CSI-RS. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal may be a signal other than the SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal may be a PDCCH. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal may be a PDSCH. In some instances, the base station indicates to the UE which signal is (and / or belongs to) the first signal (e.g., the base station transmits an indication indicating the first signal to the UE). In some instances, a signal that is not the first signal (and / or a signal that does not belong to the first signal) may be a second signal (e.g., based on the determination that the signal is not the first signal, it can be determined that the signal is the second signal). In some instances, the base station indicates to the UE which signal is (and / or belongs to) the second signal (e.g., the base station transmits an indication indicating the second signal to the UE). There may be rules (e.g., predefined rules) for determining which signal is (and / or belongs to) the first signal and / or which signal is (and / or belongs to) the second signal (e.g., the UE and / or the base station may determine whether the signal is the first signal or the second signal based on the rules).

[0445] In the examples provided with respect to the eighth embodiment, the first signal type may be SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first signal type may be CSI-RS. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal type may be SSB. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second signal type may be CSI-RS. In some instances, the base station indicates the first signal type to the UE (e.g., the base station transmits an indication of the first signal type to the UE). In some instances, the base station indicates the second signal type to the UE (e.g., the base station transmits an indication of the second signal type to the UE). There may be rules (e.g., predefined rules) for determining the first signal type and / or the second signal type (e.g., the base station and / or UE may determine whether the signal is a first type of signal or a second type of signal based on the rules).

[0446] In some instances, the base station does not perform LBT on SSBs. Alternatively and / or additionally, the base station may perform LBT on signals other than SSBs (e.g., signals other than SSBs may be CSI-RS, PDCCH, and / or PDSCH). Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is an SSB (and / or when the signal is an SSB and / or based on a determination that the signal is an SSB), the base station may not perform LBT on the signal. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is not an SSB (and / or when the signal is not an SSB and / or based on a determination that the signal is not an SSB), the base station may perform LBT on the signal. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is a CSI-RS (and / or when the signal is a CSI-RS and / or based on a determination that the signal is a CSI-RS), the base station may perform LBT on the signal.

[0447] In some instances, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with an SSB (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with an SSB and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with an SSB), then the base station does not perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the transmission is quasi-co-located with a signal other than an SSB (e.g., a signal other than an SSB may be a CSI-RS, a PDCCH, and / or a PDSCH) (and / or when the transmission is quasi-co-located with a signal other than an SSB and / or based on a determination that the transmission is quasi-co-located with a signal other than an SSB), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is an SSB (and / or when the signal is an SSB and / or based on a determination that the signal is an SSB), then the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission that is quasi-co-located with the signal. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is not an SSB (and / or when the signal is not an SSB and / or based on a determination that the signal is not an SSB), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission that is quasi-co-located with the signal. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is a CSI-RS (and / or when the signal is a CSI-RS and / or based on a determination that the signal is a CSI-RS), the base station may perform LBT for transmissions quasi-co-located with the signal.

[0448] In some instances, if the transmission includes transmission of an SSB (and / or when the transmission includes transmission of an SSB and / or based on a determination that the transmission includes transmission of an SSB), then the base station does not perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the transmission includes transmission of a signal other than an SSB (e.g., a signal other than an SSB may be a CSI-RS, a PDCCH, and / or a PDSCH) (and / or when the transmission includes transmission of a signal other than an SSB and / or based on a determination that the transmission includes transmission of a signal other than an SSB), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is an SSB (and / or when the signal is an SSB and / or based on a determination that the signal is an SSB), then the base station may not perform LBT on the transmission including the signal. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is not an SSB (and / or when the signal is not an SSB and / or based on a determination that the signal is not an SSB), then the base station may perform LBT on the transmission including the signal. Alternatively and / or additionally, if the signal is a CSI-RS (and / or when the signal is a CSI-RS and / or based on a determination that the signal is a CSI-RS), the base station may perform LBT on transmissions including the transmission of the signal.

[0449] One, some and / or all of the above techniques and / or embodiments may be formed into new embodiments.

[0450] In some instances, embodiments disclosed herein, such as those described with respect to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth embodiments, may be implemented independently and / or separately. Alternatively and / or additionally, combinations of embodiments described herein, such as those described with respect to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and / or eighth embodiments, may be implemented. Alternatively and / or additionally, combinations of embodiments described herein, such as those described with respect to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and / or eighth embodiments, may be implemented concurrently and / or simultaneously.

[0451] The various techniques, embodiments, methods and / or alternatives of the present disclosure may be performed independently and / or individually. Alternatively and / or in addition, the various techniques, embodiments, methods and / or alternatives of the present disclosure may be combined and / or implemented using a single system. Alternatively and / or in addition, the various techniques, embodiments, methods and / or alternatives of the present disclosure may be implemented concurrently and / or simultaneously.

[0452] With respect to one or more embodiments of the present invention, for example, with respect to one or more embodiments provided in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and / or other embodiments of the present disclosure, in an instance in which a device (e.g., a UE and / or a base station) performs a type of LBT (e.g., a first type of LBT and / or a second type of LBT), the UE may perform LBT according to the type of LBT (e.g., if the type of LBT corresponds to omnidirectional LBT, then the device may perform omnidirectional LBT).

[0453] With respect to one or more embodiments herein, in some instances, the first type of LBT is different from the second type of LBT.

[0454] With respect to one or more embodiments herein, in some instances, the first value for the LBT parameter is different than the second value for the LBT parameter.

[0455] With respect to one or more embodiments herein, in instances where a device (e.g., a UE and / or a base station) performs LBT on a value (e.g., a first value and / or a second value) of an LBT parameter transmitted for LBT, the UE performs LBT with the LBT parameter set to the value. In instances where the device performs LBT on a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT, the UE performs LBT with the LBT parameter set to the first value. Alternatively and / or additionally, in instances where the device performs LBT on a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT, the UE performs LBT with the LBT parameter set to the second value. In instances where the LBT parameter is an energy detection threshold and the device performs LBT on the first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT, the UE performs LBT with the energy detection threshold set to the first value. Alternatively and / or additionally, in instances where the LBT parameter is an energy detection threshold and the device performs LBT on the second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT, the UE performs LBT with the energy detection threshold set to the second value. In an instance where the LBT parameter is a window size (e.g., a contention window size) and the device performs LBT for a first value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT, the UE performs LBT with the window size set to the first value. Alternatively and / or additionally, in an instance where the LBT parameter is a window size (e.g., a contention window size) and the device performs LBT for a second value of the LBT parameter transmitted for LBT, the UE performs LBT with the window size set to the second value.

[0456] With respect to one or more embodiments herein, in instances where a device (e.g., a UE and / or a base station) determines to perform LBT on a transmission (and / or performs LBT on a transmission), LBT may be performed (by the device) before performing the transmission. Alternatively and / or in addition, performing LBT on the transmission may include determining whether a channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the transmission is to be performed) is available for use. In one example, performing LBT (and / or determining whether the channel and / or spectrum is available for use) may include detecting the presence or absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum. The device may determine that the channel and / or spectrum is available for use based on detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum (e.g., detecting silence of the channel and / or spectrum). Detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum may include detecting no signal on the channel and / or spectrum. Alternatively and / or in addition, detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum may include detecting one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum having one or more intensity levels less than a threshold intensity level (e.g., an energy detection threshold). The device may determine that a channel and / or spectrum is not available for use based on detecting the presence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum (e.g., one or more signals having one or more intensity levels exceeding a threshold intensity level, such as an energy detection threshold). The device may perform a transmission upon and / or after determining that the channel and / or spectrum is quiet and / or available for use. In one example, the device may perform a transmission upon and / or after determining that the channel and / or spectrum is quiet and / or available for use for a certain time period (e.g., the time period may be based on, for example, a window size equal to the LBT, such as a contention window size for the LBT). In examples in which the channel and / or spectrum is determined to be unavailable for use, the device may delay the transmission (e.g., the transmission may be delayed until and / or after the time when the device determines that the channel and / or spectrum is available for use).

[0457] With respect to one or more embodiments herein, in instances where a device (e.g., a UE and / or a base station) determines not to perform LBT for a transmission (and / or does not perform LBT for a transmission), the device may perform the transmission without performing LBT. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission may be performed without determining whether a channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the transmission is performed) is available for use. Alternatively and / or additionally, the transmission (and / or the time at which the transmission is performed) may not be based on a determination of whether a channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the transmission is performed) is available for use. Alternatively and / or additionally, sensing may not be performed on the channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the transmission is performed) to determine whether to perform the transmission. Alternatively and / or additionally, the device may not attempt to detect the presence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the transmission is performed) to determine whether to delay the transmission.

[0458] Throughout this disclosure, LBT may be replaced by a channel access scheme.

[0459] Throughout this disclosure, LBT may be replaced by a channel access mechanism.

[0460] Unless otherwise indicated, the present disclosure may describe the behavior and / or operation of a single serving cell. The techniques and / or systems provided herein may be applicable to the behavior and / or operation of a single serving cell. The techniques and / or systems provided herein may be implemented on a single serving cell.

[0461] Unless otherwise indicated, the present disclosure may describe the behavior and / or operation of multiple serving cells. The techniques and / or systems provided herein may be applicable to the behavior and / or operation of multiple serving cells. The techniques and / or systems provided herein may be implemented on multiple serving cells.

[0462] Unless otherwise indicated, the present disclosure may describe the behavior and / or operation of a single bandwidth portion. The techniques and / or systems provided herein may be applicable to the behavior and / or operation of a single bandwidth portion. The techniques and / or systems provided herein may be implemented on a single bandwidth portion.

[0463] Throughout this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, a base station may configure multiple bandwidth parts for a UE (eg, the base station configures multiple bandwidth parts for a UE).

[0464] Throughout this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, a base station may configure a single bandwidth portion for a UE (eg, the base station configures a single bandwidth portion for a UE).

[0465] Figure 6 600 according to an exemplary embodiment from the perspective of a UE. In step 605, the UE determines whether to perform LBT on the first transmission and / or how to perform LBT on the first transmission based on one or more properties of the first transmission. In one example, in step 605, based on the one or more properties of the first transmission, the UE may determine whether to perform LBT on the first transmission, and / or the UE may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the first transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the first transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0466] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4In an exemplary embodiment of the UE, the apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in the memory 310. The CPU 308 may execute the program code 312 to enable the UE to determine whether to perform LBT on the first transmission and / or how to perform LBT on the first transmission based on one or more properties of the first transmission. In addition, the CPU 308 may execute the program code 312 to perform one, some, and / or all of the above actions and steps and / or other actions and steps described herein.

[0467] Figure 7 FIG700 is a flowchart according to an exemplary embodiment from the perspective of a base station. In step 705, the base station determines whether to perform LBT on the first transmission and / or how to perform LBT on the first transmission based on one or more properties of the first transmission. In one example, in step 705, based on the one or more properties of the first transmission, the base station may determine whether to perform LBT on the first transmission, and / or the base station may determine (in response to, for example, determining to perform LBT on the first transmission) which type of LBT to perform on the first transmission (e.g., at least one of omnidirectional LBT, directional LBT, receiver-assisted LBT, a first type of LBT, a second type of LBT, LBT with a first value of an LBT parameter, LBT with a second value of an LBT parameter, etc.).

[0468] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In an exemplary embodiment of a base station, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in memory 310. CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to enable the base station to determine whether to perform LBT on the first transmission and / or how to perform LBT on the first transmission based on one or more properties of the first transmission. In addition, CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to perform one, some, and / or all of the above-described actions and steps and / or other actions and steps described herein.

[0469] Relative to Figures 6 to 7 In one embodiment, the one or more properties of the first transmission include whether the first transmission is transmitted in a beam.

[0470] In one embodiment, the one or more properties of the first transmission include a beamwidth associated with the first transmission (eg, a beamwidth used for the first transmission). In one example, the beamwidth associated with the first transmission corresponds to a beamwidth of a beam used to perform the first transmission.

[0471] In one embodiment, the one or more properties of the first transmission include the number of antennas used for the first transmission (eg, the number of antennas used to perform the first transmission).

[0472] In one embodiment, the one or more properties of the first transmission comprise QCL properties.

[0473] In one embodiment, the one or more properties of the first transmission include a signal that is quasi co-located with the first transmission.

[0474] In one embodiment, the one or more properties of the first transmission include a type of signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission.

[0475] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the first transmission is not performed in a beam (e.g., a determination that the first transmission is an omnidirectional transmission). For example, based on a determination that the first transmission is not performed in a beam, LBT may be performed on the first transmission.

[0476] In one embodiment, if the transmission is not performed in a beam, LBT is performed on the transmission.

[0477] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining not to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the first transmission is performed in a beam (e.g., a determination that the first transmission is a directional transmission). For example, based on the determination that the first transmission is performed in a beam, LBT may not be performed on the first transmission (e.g., the first transmission may be performed without LBT).

[0478] In one embodiment, if the transmission is performed in beams, then LBT is not performed for the transmission.

[0479] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the first transmission was performed with a beam having a beamwidth greater than a threshold (e.g., a threshold beamwidth). For example, LBT may be performed on the first transmission based on a determination that the first transmission was performed with a beam having a beamwidth greater than a threshold.

[0480] In one embodiment, LBT is performed on a transmission if the transmission is performed with a beam having a beamwidth greater than a threshold (eg, a threshold beamwidth).

[0481] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining not to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the first transmission was performed with a beam having a beamwidth less than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold beamwidth). For example, based on a determination that the first transmission was performed with a beam having a beamwidth less than the threshold value, LBT may not be performed on the first transmission (e.g., the first transmission may be performed without LBT).

[0482] In one embodiment, if the transmission is performed with a beam having a beamwidth less than a threshold (eg, a threshold beamwidth), then LBT is not performed for the transmission.

[0483] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the number of antennas used for the first transmission is less than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold number of antennas). For example, LBT may be performed on the first transmission based on a determination that the number of antennas used for the first transmission is less than the threshold value.

[0484] In one embodiment, if the number of antennas used for a transmission is less than a threshold (eg, a threshold number of antennas), then LBT is performed for the transmission.

[0485] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining not to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the number of antennas used for the first transmission is greater than a threshold value (e.g., a threshold number of antennas). For example, based on a determination that the number of antennas used for the first transmission is greater than the threshold value, LBT may not be performed on the first transmission (e.g., the first transmission may be performed without LBT).

[0486] In one embodiment, if the number of antennas used for a transmission is greater than a threshold (eg, a threshold number of antennas), then LBT is not performed for the transmission.

[0487] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is a first signal (and / or a first type of signal). For example, LBT may be performed on the first transmission based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is a first signal (and / or a first type of signal).

[0488] In one embodiment, LBT is performed on a transmission if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a first signal (and / or a first type of signal).

[0489] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining not to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is a second signal (and / or a second type of signal). For example, based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is the second signal (and / or a second type of signal), LBT may not be performed on the first transmission (e.g., the first transmission may be performed without LBT).

[0490] In one embodiment, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a second signal (and / or a second type of signal), then LBT is not performed on the transmission.

[0491] In one embodiment, the first signal is different from the second signal.

[0492] In one embodiment, the first type of signal is different from the second type of signal.

[0493] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that a signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is SSB. For example, LBT may be performed on the first transmission based on a determination that a signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is SSB.

[0494] In one embodiment, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is SSB, then LBT is performed on the transmission.

[0495] In one embodiment, determining whether to perform LBT on the first transmission includes determining not to perform LBT on the first transmission based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is a CSI-RS. For example, based on a determination that the signal quasi-co-located with the first transmission is a CSI-RS, LBT may not be performed on the first transmission (e.g., the first transmission may be performed without LBT).

[0496] In one embodiment, if the signal quasi-co-located with the transmission is a CSI-RS, then LBT is not performed for the transmission.

[0497] Figure 8Flowchart 800 is a diagram according to an exemplary embodiment, as viewed from the perspective of a base station. In step 805, the base station performs a first transmission without LBT, wherein the first transmission is an SSB transmission (e.g., the first transmission includes transmission of an SSB). For example, the base station does not perform LBT on the first transmission. In one example, the base station may perform the first transmission without performing LBT to determine whether a channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the first transmission is performed) is available for use. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first transmission (and / or the time at which the base station performs the first transmission) may not be based on LBT and / or may not be based on a determination of whether a channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the first transmission is performed) is available for use. Alternatively and / or additionally, the base station may not attempt to detect the presence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the first transmission is performed) to determine whether to delay the first transmission. In step 810, the base station performs LBT on a second transmission for a signal other than an SSB (e.g., the signal other than an SSB does not include an SSB and the second transmission does not include transmission of an SSB). In one example, the base station performs the second transmission (e.g., the second transmission includes transmitting a signal other than an SSB). In one example, LBT for the second transmission is performed before performing the second transmission. In one example, performing LBT for the second transmission includes determining whether a channel and / or spectrum (e.g., on which the second transmission is to be performed) is available for use. In one example, performing LBT (and / or determining whether the channel and / or spectrum is available for use) may include detecting the presence or absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum. The base station may determine that the channel and / or spectrum is available for use based on detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum (e.g., detecting silence on the channel and / or spectrum). Detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum may include detecting no signal on the channel and / or spectrum. Alternatively and / or in addition, detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum may include detecting one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum having one or more intensity levels less than a threshold intensity level. The base station may determine that the channel and / or spectrum is unavailable for use based on detecting the presence of one or more signals on the channel and / or spectrum (e.g., one or more signals having one or more intensity levels exceeding a threshold intensity level). The base station may perform the second transmission upon and / or after determining that the channel and / or spectrum is available for use. In instances where it is determined that the channel and / or spectrum is not available, the base station may delay the second transmission (eg, the second transmission may be delayed until and / or after the base station determines that the channel and / or spectrum is available).

[0498] In one embodiment, the signal other than the SSB is a CSI-RS. In one example, the second transmission includes a transmission of a CSI-RS. In one example, the CSI-RS is an NZP-CSI-RS or a ZP CSI-RS.

[0499] In one embodiment, the signal other than the SSB is a PDCCH (eg, a PDCCH signal). In one example, the PDCCH is a unicast PDCCH that schedules user plane data. In one example, the second transmission includes a transmission of the PDCCH.

[0500] In one embodiment, the signal other than the SSB is a PDSCH (eg, a PDSCH signal). In one example, the second transmission includes a transmission of the PDSCH.

[0501] In one embodiment, the base station operates in a shared spectrum (eg, an unlicensed spectrum). In one example, the base station performs the first transmission and the second transmission in the shared spectrum.

[0502] In one embodiment, the base station determines whether to perform LBT on the transmission based on whether the transmission is an SSB transmission (e.g., based on whether the transmission includes a transmission of an SSB). In one example, the base station can determine to perform LBT on the transmission based on a determination that the transmission is not an SSB transmission (e.g., the transmission includes a transmission of a signal other than an SSB and / or the transmission does not include an SSB). In one example, the base station can determine not to perform LBT on the transmission based on a determination that the transmission is an SSB transmission (e.g., the transmission includes a transmission of an SSB).

[0503] In one embodiment, if the transmission is an SSB transmission (eg, if the transmission includes a transmission of SSB), the base station performs the transmission without LBT.

[0504] In one embodiment, the base station performs the first transmission without LBT based on the first transmission being an SSB transmission (eg, the base station performs the first transmission without LBT based on the first transmission comprising a transmission of an SSB).

[0505] In one embodiment, if the transmission is not an SSB transmission (e.g., if the transmission does not include transmission of an SSB), the base station performs LBT on the transmission. In one example, if the transmission is a PDCCH transmission, the base station performs LBT on the transmission. In one example, the PDCCH is a unicast PDCCH scheduling user plane data. In one example, if the transmission is a CSI-RS transmission, the base station performs LBT on the transmission. In one example, the CSI-RS is an NZP-CSIRS or a ZP-CSI-RS.

[0506] In one embodiment, the base station performs LBT on the second transmission based on the second transmission not being an SSB transmission (e.g., the base station performs LBT on the second transmission based on the second transmission not including transmission of an SSB). In one example, if the transmission is a PDCCH transmission, the base station performs LBT on the second transmission. In one example, the PDCCH is a unicast PDCCH scheduling user plane data. In one example, if the transmission is a CSI-RS transmission, the base station performs LBT on the second transmission. In one example, the CSI-RS is an NZP-CSIRS or a ZP-CSI-RS.

[0507] In one embodiment, the first transmission and the second transmission are on the same serving cell.

[0508] In one embodiment, the first transmission and the second transmission are on the same frequency spectrum.

[0509] In one embodiment, the first transmission and the second transmission are on the same carrier.

[0510] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one exemplary embodiment of a base station, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in memory 310. CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to enable the base station to: (i) perform a first transmission without LBT, where the first transmission is an SSB transmission, and (ii) perform LBT on a second transmission for a signal other than SSB. Furthermore, CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to perform one, some, and / or all of the actions and steps described above and / or other actions and steps described herein.

[0511] Figure 9Flowchart 900 is a diagram according to an exemplary embodiment, as viewed from the perspective of a base station. In step 905, the base station transmits a first signal on a channel without sensing the channel, wherein the first signal includes an SSB (e.g., the first signal is an SSB). In one example, before transmitting the first signal, the base station does not sense the channel to determine whether the channel is available for use (e.g., available for use in transmitting the first signal). In one example, the base station transmits the first signal without determining whether the channel is available for use in transmitting the first signal. In one example, the base station does not sense the channel for use in transmitting the first signal. In step 910, the base station senses the channel for transmission of a second signal, wherein the second signal does not include an SSB. In one example, the transmission of the second signal does not include the transmission of an SSB. In step 915, the base station transmits a second signal on the channel after sensing the channel. In one example, the base station transmits the second signal in response to sensing the channel. In one example, sensing the channel for transmission of the second signal is performed to determine whether the channel (e.g., on which the second signal transmission is to be performed) is available for use. In one example, the base station may sense the channel to detect the presence or absence of one or more signals on the channel. The base station may determine that a channel is available for use based on detecting (via sensing the channel) the absence of one or more signals on the channel (e.g., detecting silence of the channel). Detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel may include detecting no signal on the channel. Alternatively and / or in addition, detecting the absence of one or more signals on the channel may include detecting one or more signals on the channel having one or more strength levels less than a threshold strength level. The base station may determine that a channel is not available for use based on detecting (via sensing the channel) the presence of one or more signals on the channel (e.g., one or more signals having one or more strength levels exceeding a threshold strength level). The base station may perform transmission of the second signal upon and / or after determining that the channel is available for use. In instances where it is determined that the channel is not available for use, the base station may delay transmission of the second signal (e.g., transmission of the second signal may be delayed until and / or after the time when the base station determines that the channel is available for use).

[0512] In one embodiment, the second signal is a CSI-RS. In one example, the CSI-RS is an NZP CSI-RS or a ZP CSI-RS.

[0513] In one embodiment, the second signal is a PDCCH (eg, a PDCCH signal). In an example, the PDCCH is a unicast PDCCH that schedules user plane data.

[0514] In one embodiment, the second signal is a PDSCH (eg, a PDSCH signal).

[0515] In one embodiment, the base station operates in a shared spectrum (eg, an unlicensed spectrum). In one example, the base station transmits a first signal and a second signal in the shared spectrum.

[0516] In one embodiment, the base station determines whether to sense the channel for transmission (e.g., transmission on the channel) based on whether the transmission is an SSB transmission (e.g., based on whether the transmission includes transmission of an SSB). In one example, the base station may determine to sense the channel for transmission (e.g., transmission on the channel) based on a determination that the transmission is not an SSB transmission (e.g., the transmission includes transmission of a signal other than an SSB and / or the transmission does not include transmission of an SSB). In one example, the base station may determine not to sense the channel for transmission (e.g., transmission on the channel) based on a determination that the transmission is an SSB transmission (e.g., the transmission includes transmission of an SSB).

[0517] In one embodiment, if the transmission is an SSB transmission, the base station performs the transmission on the channel without sensing the channel (eg, without sensing the channel for the transmission).

[0518] In one embodiment, the base station transmits the first signal on the channel without sensing the channel based on the first signal comprising an SSB. In one example, the first signal is a discovery burst.

[0519] In one embodiment, if the transmission is not an SSB transmission, the base station performs the transmission (e.g., transmitting on the channel) after sensing the channel (e.g., after sensing the channel for transmission). In one example, if the transmission is a PDCCH transmission, the base station performs the transmission after sensing the channel. In one example, the PDCCH is a unicast PDCCH scheduling user plane data. In one example, if the transmission is a CSI-RS transmission, the base station performs the transmission after sensing the channel. In one example, the CSI-RS is an NZP-CSIRS or a ZP-CSI-RS. In one example, the second signal is not a discovery burst.

[0520] In one embodiment, the base station senses the channel for transmission of the second signal based on the second signal not including the SSB (eg, based on the transmission of the second signal not including the transmission of the SSB).

[0521] In one embodiment, the first signal and the second signal are transmitted on the same serving cell.

[0522] In one embodiment, the first signal and the second signal are transmitted on the same frequency spectrum.

[0523] In one embodiment, the first signal and the second signal are transmitted on the same carrier.

[0524] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4In one exemplary embodiment of a base station, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in memory 310. CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to enable the base station to: (i) transmit a first signal on a channel without sensing the channel, wherein the first signal includes an SSB; (ii) sense the channel for transmission of a second signal, wherein the second signal does not include an SSB; and (iii) transmit the second signal on the channel after sensing the channel. Furthermore, CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to perform one, some, and / or all of the aforementioned actions and steps and / or other actions and steps described herein.

[0525] About relative to Figures 8 to 9 In one or more of the provided embodiments, in some instances, the SSB may be replaced by a type of signal other than the SSB, such as at least one of a CSI-RS, a PDCCH signal, a PDSCH signal, and the like. In one instance, the base station may perform transmission of a signal on a channel without performing LBT on the transmission (and / or without sensing the channel for transmission) based on the signal being a signal of the type. In one instance, the base station may perform LBT on the transmission (and / or may sense the channel) based on the transmission including transmission of a signal other than the type of signal (and / or based on the transmission not including transmission of a signal that is a signal of the type).

[0526] A communication device (e.g., UE, base station, network node, etc.) may be provided, wherein the communication device may include a control circuit, a processor installed in the control circuit, and / or a memory installed in the control circuit and coupled (e.g., operatively coupled) to the processor. The processor may be configured to execute program code stored in the memory to perform Figures 6 to 9 Furthermore, the processor may execute program code to perform one, some, and / or all of the above actions and steps and / or other actions and steps described herein.

[0527] A computer readable medium may be provided. The computer readable medium may be a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer readable medium may include a flash memory device, a hard drive, a disk (e.g., a magnetic disk and / or optical disk, such as at least one of a digital versatile disc (DVD), a compact disc (CD), etc.), and / or a memory semiconductor, such as at least one of a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), etc. The computer readable medium may include processor executable instructions that, when executed, cause the execution of Figures 6 to 9 One, some and / or all of the method steps shown in the , and / or one, some and / or all of the above actions and steps and / or other actions and steps described herein.

[0528] It will be appreciated that applying one or more of the techniques presented herein may result in one or more benefits, including but not limited to increased efficiency and / or increased communication speed between devices (e.g., UEs and / or base stations). The increased efficiency and / or increased speed may be a result of enabling a device to more efficiently perform channel access and / or transmission with or without LBT and / or with different types of LBT. Alternatively and / or in addition, the increased efficiency and / or increased speed may be a result of enabling a device to determine whether to perform LBT and / or select the type of LBT for channel access and / or transmission.

[0529] Various aspects of the present disclosure have been described above. It should be understood that the teachings herein can be implemented in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure, function, or both disclosed herein are merely representative. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented independently of any other aspects, and that two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, a device or method can be implemented using any number of the aspects described herein. Furthermore, the device or method can be implemented using other structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities in addition to or different from one or more of the aspects described herein. As examples of some of the above concepts, in some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on pulse repetition frequency. In some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on pulse position or offset. In some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on time hopping sequences. In some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on pulse repetition frequency, pulse position or offset, and time hopping sequences.

[0530] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented using voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0531] Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, components, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation that may be designed using source decoding or some other technique, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two), various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which, for convenience, may be referred to herein as "software" or "software modules"), or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0532] In addition, the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit ("IC"), an access terminal, or an access point. The IC may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, electrical components, optical components, mechanical components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein, and may execute code or instructions residing within the IC, external to the IC, or both. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0533] It should be understood that any specific order or hierarchy of steps in any disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in a process can be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in an exemplary order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0534] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented directly in hardware, in software modules executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules (e.g., containing executable instructions and associated data) and other data can reside in a data storage device, such as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of computer-readable storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium can be coupled to a machine such as a computer / processor (for convenience, the machine may be referred to herein as a "processor") so that the processor can read information (e.g., code) from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. An example storage medium can be integrated with the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user device. In an alternative, the processor and storage medium may reside in a user device as discrete components. Alternatively and / or in addition, in some aspects, any suitable computer program product may include a computer-readable medium that includes code related to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, a computer program product may include packaging materials.

[0535] While the disclosed subject matter has been described in conjunction with various aspects, it will be understood that the disclosed subject matter is capable of further modification. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosed subject matter that generally follow the principles of the disclosed subject matter and include departures from the present disclosure that come within known and customary practice in the art to which the disclosed subject matter pertains.

Claims

1. A method for a base station, characterized in that: The method comprises: performing a first transmission without listen before talk, wherein the first transmission is a synchronization signal block transmission, and performing the first transmission without listen before talk is based on the first transmission being the synchronization signal block transmission; and Listen before talk is performed on a second transmission for a signal other than a synchronization signal block, the first transmission and the second transmission being on the same serving cell.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The signal other than the synchronization signal block is a channel state information reference signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The signal other than the synchronization signal block is a physical downlink control channel.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The signal other than the synchronization signal block is a physical downlink shared channel.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The base stations operate in a shared spectrum.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: Whether to perform listen-before-talk for the transmission is determined based on whether the transmission is the synchronization signal block transmission.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Performing listen before talk for the second transmission is based on the second transmission being a physical downlink control channel transmission.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first transmission and the second transmission are at least one of: on the same spectrum; or on the same carrier.

9. A method of a base station, characterized in that: The method comprises: transmitting a first signal on a channel without sensing the channel, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block, and transmitting the first signal on the channel without sensing the channel is performed based on the first signal including the synchronization signal block; sensing the channel for transmission of a second signal, wherein the second signal does not include the synchronization signal block; and The second signal is transmitted on the channel after sensing the channel, the first signal and the second signal being transmitted on the same serving cell.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second signal is a channel state information reference signal.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The second signal is a physical downlink control channel.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The second signal is a physical downlink shared channel.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The base stations operate in a shared spectrum.

14. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Also includes: Whether to sense the channel for the transmission on the channel is determined based on whether the transmission on the channel is a synchronization signal block transmission.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein: Sensing the channel for the transmission of the second signal is performed based on the second signal not including the synchronization signal block.

16. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The first signal and the second signal are transmitted on at least one of: the same spectrum; or same carrier.

17. A base station, characterized in that: include: control circuit; a processor installed in the control circuit; as well as a memory installed in the control circuit and coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute program code stored in the memory to perform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting a first signal on a channel without sensing the channel, wherein the first signal includes a synchronization signal block, and transmitting the first signal on the channel without sensing the channel is performed based on the first signal including the synchronization signal block; sensing the channel for transmission of a second signal, wherein the second signal does not include the synchronization signal block; as well as The second signal is transmitted on the channel after sensing the channel, the first signal and the second signal being transmitted on the same serving cell.

18. The base station according to claim 17, wherein: The second signal is a channel state information reference signal.

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