A metal material elongation at break test device and use method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a metal material elongation at break test equipment and a method for using the same, and belongs to the technical field of metal material performance testing. It includes a base, a bracket is provided on the base, a lifting device is provided on the bracket, connecting plates are symmetrically provided along the vertical direction at the end of the lifting device and on the base respectively, a clamping unit is provided on one side of the connecting plates close to each other, and an adsorption mechanism is provided on the other side; the clamping unit includes spaced-apart clamping plates, the clamping plates are slidably connected to the connecting plates, and a screw is passed through in a direction parallel to the slide groove, the screw is sleeved with a nut on one side passing through the clamping plates, and the spaced-apart clamping plates are located between two nuts on the same screw; an auxiliary clamping assembly is also provided on the clamping plates. The present invention achieves a significant improvement in the clamping force through the cooperation of the clamping unit, the adsorption mechanism and the auxiliary clamping assembly, avoids slipping during the test of the sample, and improves the test accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a metal material elongation at break testing device and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal material performance testing. Background Art

[0002] At present, the tests for the physical and mechanical properties of metal materials generally include strong load, tensile strength, upper yield strength, lower yield strength, elongation at break, yield strength at break, maximum force at break, etc., and the tensile testing machine is the equipment used for the elongation at break test of metal materials. The tensile testing machine, also known as the tensile testing machine, is a mechanical force testing machine used to perform mechanical property tests such as stretching, compression, bending, shearing and peeling on metal and non-metal materials. Its use industry range covers: scientific research institutes, commodity inspection and arbitration institutions, colleges and universities, as well as rubber, tires, plastics, wires and cables, footwear, leather, textiles, packaging, building materials, petrochemicals, aviation and other industries. It is an indispensable testing equipment for material development, physical property testing, teaching research, quality control, feed inspection, random inspection of production lines, etc. When the existing tensile testing machine is used to test the elongation at break of metal materials, the fixture and the sample are prone to slipping, thereby affecting the accuracy of the elongation at break test. Therefore, there is a need for a metal material elongation at break test equipment to prevent slipping between the sample and the fixture and improve the accuracy of the elongation at break test.

[0003] For example, a Chinese patent with patent publication number CN216247493U discloses a firmly clamped tensile tester, including a shell, a fixed plate and a sliding plate, the sliding plate is arranged on one side of the fixed plate, and the side surfaces of both ends of the fixed plate and the sliding plate are equipped with support plates, the inner side of the support plate is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft, the side surface of the rotating shaft is equipped with a torsion spring, one end of the torsion spring is installed on the inner surface of the support plate, the side surface of the rotating shaft is equipped with a transverse clamping plate, the upper surface of the transverse clamping plate is equipped with a rubber block, the lower surface of the fixed plate is equipped with a bottom plate, and the upper surface of the bottom plate is equipped with a tension mechanism.

[0004] The above patent, by providing a fixed plate, a sliding plate, a rotating shaft, a torsion spring, a transverse clamping plate and a rubber block, can realize the reinforced clamping function of the test object when a tensile test is required on the special-shaped test object, so as to prevent the subsequent test results from being affected by the unstable clamping; however, only increasing the clamping force by increasing the friction with the rubber block cannot completely prevent the slipping between the sample and the fixture.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the above background problems and avoid slipping between the sample and the fixture, it is urgent to develop a metal material elongation at break testing device and a method for using the same. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems raised in the above background problems and to provide a metal material elongation at break testing device and a method of using the same, which can improve the clamping force and improve the test accuracy.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: A metal material elongation at break test device comprises a base, a bracket is arranged on the base, a lifting device is arranged on the bracket, connecting plates are symmetrically arranged on the end of the lifting device and the base in the vertical direction, a clamping unit is arranged on one side of the connecting plates close to each other, and an adsorption mechanism is arranged on the other side;

[0008] The clamping unit comprises spaced-apart clamping plates, the clamping plates are slidably connected to the connecting plates, and are provided with screws in a direction parallel to the slide slots, and the screws are sleeved with nuts on one side of the clamping plates, and the spaced-apart clamping plates are located between two nuts on the same screw;

[0009] The clamping plate is also provided with an auxiliary clamping assembly, which includes a locking groove provided on the clamping plate, a clamping tube is inserted into the locking groove, a rotating shaft is inserted into the clamping tube, the axis of the rotating shaft is parallel to the axis of the clamping tube and a gap is provided between them, and the axis of the rotating shaft is located in a direction away from one side of the clamping plate;

[0010] A baffle is also provided on the outer side of the chuck, and the baffle abuts against the chuck.

[0011] The connecting plate is provided with an adsorption mechanism on a side away from the clamping plate;

[0012] The adsorption mechanism comprises a fixed box, the fixed box is opened on one side close to the connecting plate, the fixed box is sealed and arranged on the connecting plate, and adsorption holes are vertically arranged on the connecting plate, and the adsorption holes are communicated with the fixed box;

[0013] A lifting plate is arranged in the fixed box, the lifting plate is slidably and sealedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed box, an electromagnet is arranged on the side of the lifting plate away from the clamping plate, and a gap is arranged between the electromagnet and the lifting plate;

[0014] The lifting plate is connected to the fixing box via a first spring, and a plurality of first springs are provided.

[0015] The bottom of the fixed box is provided with at least one air hole, and a gap is provided between the fixed box located on the lower connecting plate and the base;

[0016] A collection box is arranged on the periphery of the base, and the top of the collection box is open.

[0017] The fixed box is also provided with a plurality of detection units, which are evenly distributed between the lifting plate and the connecting plate in a circumferential direction with the axis of the adsorption hole as the center;

[0018] The detection unit includes a conduit, which passes through the fixed box in a sealed manner and is in communication with the fixed box;

[0019] A moving disk is slidably connected in the conduit, and a seal is provided between the moving disk and the conduit;

[0020] A second spring is connected between the movable disk and the conduit;

[0021] A limit plate is provided at the end of the movable plate, and the limit plate is located on a side of the conduit away from the axis of the adsorption hole;

[0022] The limiting plate is coaxially arranged with the conduit, the diameter of the limiting plate is larger than the diameter of the conduit, and a gap is arranged between the limiting plate and the conduit.

[0023] The slide grooves are arranged at intervals on one side of the connecting plate close to the clamping plate;

[0024] A slider is provided in the slide groove, and the shape of the slider matches the slide groove;

[0025] The sliding block is matched and connected with the clamping plate.

[0026] The structure of the slide groove is arranged as a dovetail groove.

[0027] The slider and the clamping plate are connected to form an integrally formed structure.

[0028] The clamping plate is provided with anti-slip grooves on a side close to the sample.

[0029] A method for using a metal material elongation at break test device comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Preparation, connect the lifting device to the external control device;

[0031] Step 2: Preliminary positioning: place the sample between the upper and lower connecting plates, so that the sample abuts against the connecting plates and the sample is located between the clamping plates on the same connecting plate;

[0032] Step 3: Clamping, rotating the nut to make the nuts on the same screw move closer, and when the nut moves, it abuts against the clamping plate and drives the clamping plate to move synchronously, so that the two clamping plates of the same connecting plate abut against the sample, thus achieving the clamping of the sample;

[0033] Step 4: Auxiliary clamping, the clamp is against the sample, and the baffle prevents the clamp from rotating away from the sample;

[0034] The sample is pressed against the connecting plate to block the adsorption hole, and the electromagnet in the fixed box is energized to move the lifting plate downward. Under the action of air pressure, the adsorption hole adsorbs the sample;

[0035] Step 5: Stretch the sample. The lifting device is started by controlling the external control device, so that the upper connecting plate rises, thereby stretching the sample.

[0036] Step 6: Draw the conclusion: stop when the sample breaks. The displacement of the upper connecting plate can be obtained through the external control device, and the elongation at break of the metal material can be calculated.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0038] A metal material elongation at break testing device of the present invention provides auxiliary clamping for the sample by adding a clamping tube and adsorption holes, and increases the locking method of the sample, thereby preventing the sample from slipping during the test and affecting the test accuracy. In addition, by observing the position of the limit plate, it is convenient to select the test data when the sample does not slip, thereby further improving the test accuracy. At the same time, the present invention can also blow out the sample debris generated during the test by applying the air discharged from the air hole to the base, so that the sample debris is collected in the collection box, which can be easily cleaned and improved convenience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a metal material elongation at break testing device according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 The present invention is a three-dimensional diagram of a clamping unit of a metal material elongation at break testing device.

[0041] Figure 3 The present invention is a front view of a clamping unit of a metal material elongation at break testing device.

[0042] Figure 4 The present invention is a left side view of a clamping unit of a metal material elongation at break testing device.

[0043] Figure 5 The present invention is a top view of a clamping unit of a metal material elongation at break testing device.

[0044] Figure 6 The present invention is a cross-sectional view of a clamping unit of a metal material elongation at break testing device.

[0045] Figure 7 This is an enlarged view of part A of a clamping unit of a metal material elongation at break testing device of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of an auxiliary clamping component of a metal material elongation at break testing device.

[0047] The components include: 1. base; 2. bracket; 3. connecting plate; 4. lifting device; 5. clamping plate; 6. screw; 7. nut; 8. locking groove; 9. clamping cylinder; 10. rotating shaft; 11. bearing; 12. baffle; 13. fixing box; 14. adsorption hole; 15. lifting plate; 16. electromagnet; 17. first spring; 18. air hole; 19. collecting box; 20. catheter; 21. moving disk; 22. second spring; 23. limiting disk; 24. slide groove; 25. slider; 26. specimen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0049] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a metal material elongation at break test device comprises a base 1, a bracket 2 is arranged on the base 1, a lifting device 4 is arranged on the bracket 2, two vertically symmetrical connecting plates 3 are arranged at the end of the lifting device 4 and on the base 1 respectively, a clamping unit is arranged on one side of the connecting plates 3 close to each other, and an adsorption mechanism is arranged on the other side;

[0050] The clamping unit comprises spaced-apart clamping plates 5, the clamping plates 5 are slidably connected to the connecting plate 3, and are provided with screws 6 in a direction parallel to the slide slot 24, and the screws 6 are sleeved with nuts 7 on one side of the clamping plates 5, and the spaced-apart clamping plates 5 are located between two nuts 7 on the same screw 6;

[0051] The clamping plate 5 is also provided with an auxiliary clamping assembly, which includes a locking groove 8 opened on the clamping plate 5, a clamping tube 9 is inserted into the locking groove 8, a rotating shaft 10 is inserted into the clamping tube 9, the axis of the rotating shaft 10 is parallel to the axis of the clamping tube 9 and a gap is provided between them, and the axis of the rotating shaft 10 is located in a direction away from one side of the clamping plate 5;

[0052] In this embodiment, a baffle 12 is further disposed on the outer side of the chuck 9 , and the baffle 12 abuts against the chuck 9 . The baffle 12 can be used to prevent the chuck 9 from rotating in a direction away from the sample 26 .

[0053] In the present embodiment, the connecting plate 3 is provided with an adsorption mechanism on a side away from the clamping plate 5; the adsorption mechanism comprises a fixed box 13, the fixed box 13 is opened on a side close to the connecting plate 3, the fixed box 13 is sealed and arranged on the connecting plate 3, and an adsorption hole 14 is vertically arranged on the connecting plate 3, and the adsorption hole 14 is communicated with the fixed box 13; a lifting plate 15 is arranged in the fixed box 13, the lifting plate 15 is slidably and sealedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed box 13, an electromagnet (16) is arranged on the side of the lifting plate (15) away from the clamping plate (5), and a gap is arranged between the electromagnet 16 and the lifting plate 15; the lifting plate 15 is connected to the fixed box 13 via a first spring 17, and a plurality of first springs 17 are arranged;

[0054] In the present embodiment, the lifting plate 15 is made of iron. When the sample 26 abuts against the connecting plate 3, the adsorption hole 14 is blocked. Then, the electromagnet 16 is energized to move the lifting plate 15 away from the connecting plate 3, thereby reducing the air pressure in the adsorption hole 14 and deforming the first spring 17. At this time, the sample 26 is adsorbed through the adsorption hole 14, which can improve the clamping reliability of the sample 26 and further prevent the sample 26 from slipping, thereby improving the accuracy of the elongation at break test. After the test is completed, the electromagnet 16 is powered off, and the elastic action of the first spring 17 causes the lifting plate 15 to move in the opposite direction to achieve reset, thereby causing the adsorption hole 14 to stop adsorbing the sample 26.

[0055] In this embodiment, at least one air hole 18 is provided at the bottom of the fixing box 13, and a gap is provided between the fixing box 13 located on the lower connecting plate 3 and the base 1; a collecting box 19 is provided on the periphery of the base 1, and the top of the collecting box 19 is open;

[0056] When the test is completed and the sample 26 is removed, the electromagnet 16 is intermittently energized, so that the lifting plate 15 is lifted and lowered reciprocatingly. When the lifting plate 15 moves away from the connecting plate 3, the air in the fixed box 13 is discharged from the air hole 18, and when the lifting plate 15 moves in the opposite direction, the air is sucked into the fixed box 13 from the air hole 18. Here, after the test is completed, debris is easily generated at the fracture of the sample 26 and falls onto the base 1. Here, the air discharged from the air hole 18 in the fixed box 13 acts on the base 1, and the debris can be blown into the collection box 19, thereby realizing automatic cleaning of the base 1.

[0057] In this embodiment, the fixed box 13 is further provided with a plurality of detection units, which are uniformly distributed circumferentially between the lifting plate 15 and the connecting plate 3 with the axis of the adsorption hole 14 as the center; the detection unit includes a conduit 20, which passes through the fixed box 13 in a sealed manner and is connected to the fixed box 13; a movable disk 21 is slidably connected in the conduit 20, and the movable disk 21 and the conduit 20 are sealed; a second spring 22 is connected between the movable disk 21 and the conduit 20; a limiting disk 23 is provided at the end of the movable disk 21, and the limiting disk 23 is located on the side of the conduit 20 away from the axis of the adsorption hole 14; the limiting disk 23 is coaxially arranged with the conduit 20, the diameter of the limiting disk 23 is larger than the diameter of the conduit 20, and a gap is arranged between the limiting disk 23 and the conduit 20;

[0058] When the lifting plate 15 moves in the direction away from the connecting plate 3, the air pressure between the connecting plate 3 and the lifting plate 15 in the fixed box 13 is reduced. Under the action of the air pressure, the movable plate 21 moves toward the axial direction close to the adsorption hole 14, and the second spring 22 is deformed. The movement of the movable plate 21 drives the limiting plate 23 to move synchronously, and the limiting plate 23 abuts against the conduit 20. According to calculations, after the limiting plate 23 abuts against the conduit 20, the lifting plate 15 can still continue to move away from the connecting plate 3 to ensure that the adsorption hole 14 adsorbs the sample 26. When the sample 26 slips during the test, the sample 26 is separated from the connecting plate 3, and the sample 26 stops blocking the adsorption hole 14, so that the air pressure between the connecting plate 3 and the lifting plate 15 in the fixed box 13 is restored to atmospheric pressure. At this time, the movable plate 21 is moved in the opposite direction to achieve reset through the elastic action of the second spring 22, and the limit plate 23 is driven to reset. In this way, by observing the position of the limit plate 23, it can be determined whether the sample 26 slips during the test, thereby facilitating the selection of data when the sample 26 does not slip, further improving the test accuracy.

[0059] In this embodiment, the slide groove 24 is spaced apart on one side of the connecting plate 3 close to the splint 5; a slider 25 is provided in the slide groove 24, and the shape of the slider 25 matches the slide groove; the slider 25 is matched and connected with the splint 5; illustratively, the structure of the slide groove 24 is set as a dovetail groove, and the slider 25 and the splint 5 are connected as an integrally formed structure, and a guiding effect is achieved through the cooperation between the slider 25 and the slide groove 24.

[0060] In this embodiment, the clamping plate 5 is provided with anti-slip grooves on the side close to the sample 26 to further increase the clamping force.

[0061] In this embodiment, a method for using a metal material elongation at break test device comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Preparation, connect the lifting device 4 to the external control device;

[0063] Step 2: Preliminary positioning, placing the sample 26 between the upper and lower connecting plates 3, so that the sample 26 abuts against the connecting plates 3, and the sample 26 is located between the clamping plates 5 on the same connecting plate 3;

[0064] Step 3: Clamping, rotating the nut 7 to make the nut 7 on the same screw rod 6 move closer, and when the nut 7 moves, it abuts against the clamping plate 5 and drives the clamping plate 5 to move synchronously, so that the two clamping plates 5 of the same connecting plate 3 abut against the sample 26, thereby clamping the sample 26;

[0065] Step 4: Auxiliary clamping, the clamp 9 abuts against the sample 26, and the baffle 12 prevents the clamp 9 from rotating away from the sample 26; the sample 26 abuts against the connecting plate 3, blocking the adsorption hole 14, and the electromagnet 16 in the fixed box 13 is energized to move the lifting plate 15 downward, and the adsorption hole 14 adsorbs the sample 26 under the action of air pressure;

[0066] Step 5: stretching the sample, the lifting device 4 is started by controlling the external control device, so that the upper connecting plate 3 rises, thereby stretching the sample 26;

[0067] Step 6: Draw a conclusion. When the sample 26 is broken, stop pulling. The displacement of the upper connecting plate 3 can be obtained through an external control device, and the elongation at break of the metal material can be calculated.

[0068] The above are only specific application examples of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any technical solution formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal material elongation at break test device, comprising a base (1), a bracket (2) being arranged on the base (1), and a lifting device (4) being arranged on the bracket (2), characterized in that: Connecting plates (3) are symmetrically arranged on the end of the lifting device (4) and the base (1) in the vertical direction, respectively; a clamping unit is arranged on one side of the connecting plates (3) close to each other, and an adsorption mechanism is arranged on the other side; The clamping unit comprises spaced-apart clamping plates (5), the clamping plates (5) being slidably connected to the connecting plate (3) and having a screw rod (6) passing through in a direction parallel to the slide groove (24), the screw rod (6) being sleeved with a nut (7) on one side of the clamping plates (5), the spaced-apart clamping plates (5) being located between two nuts (7) on the same screw rod (6); The clamping plate (5) is also provided with an auxiliary clamping assembly, the auxiliary clamping assembly comprising a locking groove (8) provided on the clamping plate (5), a clamping tube (9) passing through the locking groove (8), a rotating shaft (10) passing through the clamping tube (9), an axis of the rotating shaft (10) being parallel to the axis of the clamping tube (9) and having a gap therebetween, and the axis of the rotating shaft (10) being located in a direction away from one side of the clamping plate (5); A baffle plate (12) is also provided on the outer side of the chuck (9), and the baffle plate (12) abuts against the chuck (9); The connecting plate (3) is provided with an adsorption mechanism on a side away from the clamping plate (5); The adsorption mechanism comprises a fixed box (13), the fixed box (13) is opened on one side close to the connecting plate (3), the fixed box (13) is sealed and arranged on the connecting plate (3), and an adsorption hole (14) is vertically arranged on the connecting plate (3), and the adsorption hole (14) is communicated with the fixed box (13); A lifting plate (15) is arranged in the fixed box (13), the lifting plate (15) is slidably and sealedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed box (13), an electromagnet (16) is arranged on the side of the lifting plate (15) away from the clamping plate (5), and a gap is arranged between the electromagnet (16) and the lifting plate (15); The lifting plate (15) is connected to the fixed box (13) via a first spring (17), and a plurality of first springs (17) are provided; The fixed box (13) is also provided with a plurality of detection units, which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction between the lifting plate (15) and the connecting plate (3) with the axis of the adsorption hole (14) as the center; The detection unit comprises a conduit (20), wherein the conduit (20) passes through the fixed box (13) in a sealed manner and is in communication with the fixed box (13); A movable disk (21) is slidably connected inside the conduit (20), and a seal is formed between the movable disk (21) and the conduit (20); A second spring (22) is connected between the moving disk (21) and the guide tube (20); A limiting disk (23) is provided at the end of the movable disk (21), and the limiting disk (23) is located on a side of the conduit (20) away from the axis of the adsorption hole (14); The limiting plate (23) is coaxially arranged with the conduit (20); the diameter of the limiting plate (23) is greater than the diameter of the conduit (20); and a gap is arranged between the limiting plate (23) and the conduit (20).

2. The metal material elongation at break test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the fixed box (13) is provided with at least one air hole (18), and a gap is provided between the fixed box (13) located on the lower connecting plate (3) and the base (1); A collection box (19) is provided on the periphery of the base (1), and the top of the collection box (19) is open.

3. The metal material elongation at break test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide grooves (24) are located at intervals on one side of the connecting plate (3) close to the clamping plate (5); A slider (25) is disposed in the slide groove (24), and the shape of the slider (25) matches the slide groove; The sliding block (25) is matched and connected to the clamping plate (5).

4. The metal material elongation at break test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The structure of the slide groove (24) is configured as a dovetail groove.

5. The metal material elongation at break test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slider (25) and the clamping plate (5) are connected to form an integrally formed structure.

6. The metal material elongation at break test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping plate (5) is provided with anti-slip grooves on a side close to the sample (26).

7. A method for testing elongation at break of a metal material, characterized in that: The metal material elongation at break test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Preparation, connect the lifting device (4) to the external control device; Step 2: Preliminary positioning, placing the sample (26) between the upper and lower connecting plates (3), so that the sample (26) abuts against the connecting plates (3), and the sample (26) is located between the clamping plates (5) on the same connecting plate (3); Step 3: Clamping, rotating the nut (7) so that the nut (7) on the same screw rod (6) moves closer, and when the nut (7) moves, it abuts against the clamping plate (5) and drives the clamping plate (5) to move synchronously, so that the two clamping plates (5) of the same connecting plate (3) abut against the sample (26), thereby achieving clamping of the sample (26); Step 4: Auxiliary clamping, the clamping barrel (9) is in contact with the sample (26), and the baffle (12) is used to prevent the clamping barrel (9) from rotating in a direction away from the sample (26); The sample (26) abuts against the connecting plate (3) to block the adsorption hole (14), and the electromagnet (16) in the fixed box (13) is energized to move the lifting plate (15) downward, so that the adsorption hole (14) adsorbs the sample (26) under the action of air pressure; Step 5: stretching the sample, controlling the lifting device (4) to start by an external control device, so that the upper connecting plate (3) rises, thereby stretching the sample (26); Step 6: Draw a conclusion. When the sample (26) is broken, stop pulling. Obtain the displacement of the upper connecting plate (3) through an external control device and calculate the elongation at break of the metal material.

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