Underground engineering filter poison ventilation oxygen enrichment air supply system and method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of air separation technology and discloses a filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system and method for underground engineering projects. The system includes a filter absorber and an air separation device. Gas first passes through the filter absorber and then enters the air separation device. The filter absorber is used to filter toxic gases. The air separation device includes an adsorption separation module that separates nitrogen and oxygen from the input gas. The oxygen separated by the adsorption separation module is delivered to personnel or equipment requiring oxygen through a first output pipeline. The separated nitrogen is delivered to equipment requiring nitrogen through a second output pipeline. The adsorption separation module includes an adsorption tower. Gas enters the adsorption tower, and after pressurization, nitrogen-enriched air is discharged from the top of the adsorption tower. After depressurization, oxygen-enriched air is discharged from the bottom of the adsorption tower. This solution can reduce the air supply volume and the risk of toxic contamination in engineering projects. It can achieve active fire prevention and increase the oxygen content in the air, improving personnel comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of air separation technology, and in particular relates to an underground engineering filtration, ventilation, oxygen-enriched air supply system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, urban construction in my country has been booming. Cities classified as Class I, II, and III should all be equipped with underground civil defense facilities to ensure the safety of people's lives and property during wartime. Ventilation design is a crucial component of underground civil defense engineering design, and the current "Design Code for Civil Air Defense Underground Shelters" sets strict requirements and regulations for its ventilation design. Generally, underground civil defense facilities serve as underground parking garages in peacetime and as shelters in wartime. Therefore, their ventilation design must simultaneously meet the requirements of peacetime ventilation and fire smoke extraction, as well as wartime cleanliness, filtration, and isolation. This necessitates a reasonable and appropriate ventilation design to ensure a rational airflow organization during both peacetime and wartime. Underground civil defense facilities are enclosed spaces, which can easily lead to the accumulation of harmful gases. If ventilation is inadequate, prolonged exposure will seriously damage people's health. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a system and method for filtering, ventilating, and enriching oxygen in underground engineering projects, which can solve the problem of the large demand for oxygen-enriched and nitrogen-enriched air in underground engineering projects when the outside air is polluted.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0005] An air separation device includes: an adsorption separation module; the adsorption separation module separates nitrogen and oxygen from the gas input to the adsorption separation module; the oxygen separated by the adsorption separation module is delivered to personnel or equipment requiring oxygen through a first output pipeline; the nitrogen separated by the adsorption separation module is delivered to equipment requiring nitrogen through a second output pipeline; the adsorption separation module includes an adsorption tower; gas enters the adsorption tower, and nitrogen-rich air is discharged from the top of the adsorption tower by pressurization; oxygen-rich air is discharged from the bottom of the adsorption tower by depressurization.

[0006] In the air separation device described above, optionally, the adsorption separation module includes a vacuum pump and a dehydrator; the adsorption tower is connected to the vacuum pump, which is used to reduce the pressure inside the adsorption tower; the dehydrator is connected to the vacuum pump and is used to reduce the humidity of the gas discharged by the vacuum pump; oxygen-rich air is discharged by the dehydrator after passing through the bottom of the adsorption tower and the vacuum pump; there are two or more adsorption towers.

[0007] Optionally, the air separation device described above includes a control module; the adsorption tower adopts a radial molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption tower group; the adsorption tower is connected to the control module, and the adsorption and desorption processes of the adsorption tower are controlled by the control module; each inlet and outlet of the adsorption tower is equipped with a programmable valve, the programmable valve is connected to the control module, and the control module controls the opening and closing of the programmable valve to indirectly control the multiple adsorption towers to work in turn, so as to realize the alternating continuous cyclic operation of the adsorption and desorption processes.

[0008] In the air separation device described above, optionally, the adsorption separation module includes a first fan; the first fan is disposed in the passage for gas to enter the adsorption tower; the first fan is used to pressurize the adsorption tower; the control module is connected to the first fan and the vacuum pump respectively; when pressurizing the adsorption tower, the control module turns on the first fan, and when depressurizing the adsorption tower, the control module turns on the vacuum pump; the adsorption tower includes an electric heating element and a temperature sensor; the electric heating element is disposed at the gas inlet of the adsorption tower and is used to heat the gas entering the adsorption tower to improve the working efficiency of the adsorption tower; the temperature sensor is disposed inside the adsorption tower; the control module is connected to the electric heating element and the temperature sensor respectively, and controls the heating degree of the electric heating element according to the temperature information provided by the temperature sensor.

[0009] On the other hand, an underground engineering filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system is provided, which includes: a filter absorber and the aforementioned air separation device; the gas first passes through the filter absorber and then enters the air separation device, and the filter absorber is used to filter toxic gases.

[0010] In the toxic gas filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system described above, optionally, it includes: a detection device; gas first passes through the detection device and flows to the filter absorber through a first passage; the detection device is used to detect toxic gases; a first airtight valve is provided between the filter absorber and the air separation device; the first airtight valve controls the opening and closing of the connection between the filter absorber and the air separation device; the detection device is communicatively connected to the control module; the first airtight valve is connected to the control module; and the control module controls the opening and closing of the first airtight valve based on the toxic gas information provided by the detection device.

[0011] In the above-described filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system, optionally, it includes: a shock wave protection device and a coarse filter; gas entering the underground project first passes through the shock wave protection device, which protects the equipment in the underground project from shock wave attacks; the coarse filter is connected to the shock wave protection device, and gas enters the coarse filter from the shock wave protection device; the coarse filter is used to filter dust particles larger than 5 micrometers, and the gas passing through the coarse filter flows into three paths; the gas in the first path flows through the filter absorber to the air separation device; a second airtight valve is provided between the coarse filter and the filter absorber, and the second airtight valve controls... The control module controls the opening and closing of the coarse filter and the filter absorber; the gas in the second passage flows to the air separation device through the third closed valve; the third closed valve controls the opening and closing of the coarse filter and the air separation device; the gas in the third passage flows to the third output pipeline through the fourth and fifth closed valves; the second, third, fourth, and fifth closed valves are respectively connected to the control module; based on the toxic gas information provided by the detection device, the control module controls the opening and closing of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth closed valves respectively.

[0012] Optionally, the filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system described above includes: an air exchange plug; the air exchange plug is located at the air inlet of the filter absorber; the filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system achieves continuous filtration by replacing the saturated filter absorber; the control module is connected to the air exchange plug; after the filter absorber is replaced, the control module opens the air exchange plug.

[0013] Optionally, the air-conditioning ventilation and oxygen-enriched air supply system described above may include: a gate valve, an air conditioning supply system, and a second fan; the gate valve is disposed on the third output pipeline and on the gas output passage of the air separator; a control module is connected to the gate valve, and the control module controls the air intake volume of the filter absorber by controlling the gate valve disposed on the gas output passage of the air separator, so that the actual air intake volume is not greater than the rated air volume of the filter absorber; the second fan is disposed on the third output pipeline and on the gas output passage of the air separator, and the control module is connected to the second fan, and the control module activates the second fan to provide power for the gas to flow in the passage; the air conditioning supply system includes an air volume regulating valve; the air volume regulating valve is disposed on the third output pipeline and on the gas output passage of the air separator; the control module is connected to the air volume regulating valve, and the control module regulates the air supply volume of the passage by controlling the air volume regulating valve; by adjusting the air volume regulating valve and the gate valve disposed on the gas output passage of the air separator, the air volume passing through the filter absorber is controlled to be less than its rated air volume.

[0014] Another aspect provides a method for filtering, ventilating, and enriching oxygen in underground engineering projects. This method is applicable to the aforementioned filtering, ventilating, and enriching oxygen system. The working steps of this method are as follows: First, the gas entering the underground engineering project first passes through the shockwave protection device, which protects the equipment in the underground project from shockwave attacks. Second, the gas passes through the shockwave protection device into the coarse filter, which filters dust particles larger than 5 micrometers. Third, the gas passes through the coarse filter into the detection device to detect whether the gas contains toxic gases. If the gas contains toxic gases, it enters the filter absorber for filtration. The filtered gas then enters the air separation device. The oxygen separated by the air separation device is delivered to personnel or equipment requiring oxygen, and the separated nitrogen is delivered to equipment requiring nitrogen. If the gas does not contain toxic gases, it is directly delivered to personnel and equipment. Alternatively, the gas enters the air separation device, and the oxygen separated by the air separation device is delivered to personnel or equipment requiring oxygen, and the separated nitrogen is delivered to equipment requiring nitrogen.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] Underground civil defense projects are crucial shelters for personnel and supplies during wartime, protecting lives and property. Air quality assurance systems play a vital role in maintaining the survival of personnel and the efficient operation of equipment within these projects. The protective ventilation system of underground engineering projects consists of a complete set of ventilation ducts and equipment. When outside air is contaminated with toxic substances, the project switches to filtered ventilation. During filtered ventilation, contaminated outside air undergoes multi-stage pretreatment before being processed by filters and absorbers in the filtered ventilation ducts before being delivered. The filtered air is then supplied to personnel and equipment.

[0017] This system reduces the air supply volume and the risk of toxic contamination while meeting the oxygen requirements of the project. The nitrogen-enriched air generated by air separation is used in fire-prone areas such as data centers, creating and maintaining a low-oxygen environment for active fire prevention. During normal ventilation, the air separation unit operates independently to supply oxygen-enriched air to underground structures, increasing the oxygen content and improving personnel comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an underground engineering filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system and method according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the pressure swing adsorption module of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a typical underground engineering ventilation system according to the present invention.

[0021] Attached diagrams and standard descriptions: Shock wave protection device 1, coarse filter 2, first airtight valve 31, second airtight valve 32, third airtight valve 33, fourth airtight valve 34, fifth airtight valve 35, slide gate valve 4, first fan 50, second fan 51, ventilation plug 6, filter absorber 7, air volume regulating valve 8, air separation device 9, adsorption separation module 90, detection device 100, adsorption tower 11, vacuum pump 12, water separator 13, control module 14. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the embodiments of this invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Reference Figure 1-3 As shown in the figure, an underground engineering filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system is provided, including shock wave protection device 1, coarse filter 2, second airtight valve 32, third airtight valve 33, gate valve 4, second fan 51, air exchange plug 6, filter absorber 7, air volume regulating valve 8, detection device 100, and air separation device 9.

[0026] The most important component in the entire system is the air separation unit 9. The air separation unit 9, also known as the "oxygen-nitrogen separation unit", is a complete set of equipment that separates oxygen and nitrogen from the air.

[0027] Its structure is described as follows: the air separation device 9 includes an adsorption separation module 90, a control module 14, and a first fan 50.

[0028] The adsorption separation module 90 separates nitrogen and oxygen from the gas input to the adsorption separation module 90; the oxygen separated by the adsorption separation module 90 is delivered to personnel or equipment that need oxygen through the first output pipeline; the nitrogen separated by the adsorption separation module 90 is delivered to equipment that needs nitrogen through the second output pipeline.

[0029] The adsorption separation module 90 includes an adsorption tower 11, a vacuum pump 12, and a water separator 13.

[0030] The gas enters the adsorption tower 11, and by pressurization, nitrogen-rich air is discharged from the top of the adsorption tower 11; by depressurization, oxygen-rich air is discharged from the bottom of the adsorption tower 11.

[0031] There may be two or more adsorption towers. The following example uses two adsorption towers (adsorption tower A and adsorption tower B) connected in parallel.

[0032] The adsorption tower 11 is connected to the vacuum pump 12, which is used to depressurize and desorb the adsorption tower 11.

[0033] Vacuum pump 12 is either a dry vacuum pump or a water ring vacuum pump, preferably a water ring vacuum pump.

[0034] Vacuum pump 12 is connected to dehumidifier 13, which is used to reduce the humidity of the gas discharged by vacuum pump 12; dehumidifier 13 is connected to adsorption tower 11, which sends the dehumidified gas into adsorption tower 11 to improve the adsorption efficiency of adsorption tower 11.

[0035] The gas flows in two directions within the vacuum pump 12 and the water separator 13:

[0036] In the first direction, the gas enters the vacuum pump 12 from the adsorption tower 11, passes through the dehydrator 13 (which reduces the moisture content of the gas), and then re-enters the adsorption tower 11. This dehydration treatment improves the adsorption efficiency of the adsorption tower 11.

[0037] In the second direction, the gas (here, oxygen-enriched air) passes through the bottom of the adsorption tower 11 and the vacuum pump 12, and the oxygen-enriched air is discharged by the dehydrator 13.

[0038] The adsorption tower 11 is a radial molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption tower 11; the adsorption tower 11 is filled with molecular sieve adsorption material to separate oxygen molecules and nitrogen molecules of different sizes and shapes.

[0039] The working principle of adsorption tower 11 is as follows:

[0040] If the temperature remains constant, adsorption occurs under pressure, and desorption is performed by reducing pressure (vacuum) or at atmospheric pressure; this is called pressure swing adsorption (PSA). PSA achieves adsorption and desorption by changing the pressure. Because the thermal conductivity of the adsorbent is relatively low, the temperature change of the adsorbent bed due to the heat of adsorption and desorption is not significant. Therefore, it can be considered an isothermal process, operating approximately along the ambient temperature adsorption isotherm, with adsorption at higher pressure and desorption at lower pressure.

[0041] Adsorption separation utilizes the difference in adsorption and desorption capabilities of adsorbents for specific gases. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separation uses air as a raw material, taking advantage of the different diffusion rates of nitrogen and oxygen on the surface of a molecular sieve to separate nitrogen and oxygen from the air. To facilitate this process, pressurization and vacuum methods are commonly used. The mechanism of molecular sieve PSA separation for oxygen production from air is twofold: first, the molecular sieve has a greater affinity for nitrogen than for oxygen, thus separating oxygen and nitrogen; second, the diffusion rate of oxygen in the narrow pores of the carbon molecular sieve micropore system is greater than that of nitrogen, allowing for the separation of oxygen and nitrogen under conditions far from equilibrium. Under isothermal conditions, a combination of pressurized adsorption and depressurized desorption forms an adsorption cycle. The amount of adsorbent adsorbed (oxygen in this application) increases with increasing pressure and decreases with decreasing pressure. Simultaneously, during depressurization (reducing to atmospheric pressure or evacuation), the adsorbed gas is released, regenerating the adsorbent. Adsorbent regeneration can be achieved without external heat supply. Therefore, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is also known as isothermal adsorption or heatless regeneration adsorption. Molecular sieves are aluminosilicate crystals synthesized artificially via hydrothermal processes. Different silica-to-alumina ratios produce various types of molecular sieves, such as type A, type X, and type Y. By exchanging different metal cations, they become different categories of molecular sieves within the same type. Based on the size of the pores within the crystal, different molecules are adsorbed or repelled. The adsorption order is determined by the polarity or polarizability of the different molecules, achieving a separation effect, hence the name "molecular sieve." The pore size distribution of molecular sieves is highly uniform, giving them unique advantages over other types of adsorbents. They effectively avoid co-adsorption during separation, improving product yield. Compared to other drying and separation devices, molecular sieve systems have lower equipment investment and operating costs.

[0042] The above is an introduction to the working principle of adsorption tower 11.

[0043] The adsorption tower 11 is connected to the control module 14, and the adsorption and desorption processes of the adsorption tower 11 are controlled by the control module 14. A programmable valve is installed at both the inlet and outlet of the adsorption tower 11, and the programmable valve is connected to the control module 14. The control module 14 controls the opening and closing of the programmable valve to indirectly control the multiple adsorption towers 11 to work in turn, realizing the alternating and continuous cyclic operation of the adsorption and desorption processes, thereby improving the efficiency of the adsorption tower.

[0044] The adsorption separation module includes a first blower 50, which is located in the gas passage leading to the adsorption tower 11 and is used to pressurize the adsorption tower 11. The first blower 50 and the vacuum pump 12 together provide power for the pressure changes in the adsorption tower 11. The first blower 50 is used to pressurize the adsorption tower 11, and the vacuum pump 12 is used to depressurize the adsorption tower 11. The control module 14 is connected to both the first blower 50 and the vacuum pump 12; when pressurizing the adsorption tower 11, the control module 14 activates the first blower 50, and when depressurizing the adsorption tower 11, the control module 14 activates the vacuum pump 12. Specifically, the control module 14 pressurizes adsorption tower A by activating the first blower 50, and nitrogen-rich air is discharged from the top of adsorption tower A. At the same time, the control module 14 depressurizes adsorption tower B by activating the vacuum pump 12, and oxygen-rich air is discharged from the bottom of adsorption tower B. Adsorption towers A and B operate alternately in a cycle, with one tower performing adsorption and the other desorbing.

[0045] The adsorption tower 11 includes an electric heating element and a temperature sensor.

[0046] An electric heating element is installed at the gas inlet of the adsorption tower 11 to heat the gas entering the adsorption tower 11 (heating the gas temperature to 60-80℃) and improve the working efficiency of the adsorption tower 11; a temperature sensor is installed inside the adsorption tower 11; the control module 14 is connected to the electric heating element and the temperature sensor respectively, and controls the heating degree of the electric heating element according to the temperature information provided by the temperature sensor.

[0047] The air separation device 9 is connected to the underground pipeline via a flexible connector, and the flexible connector is securely fastened with clamps.

[0048] An underground engineering filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system includes: a filter absorber 7, a detection device 100, a shock wave protection device 1, a coarse filter 2, an air exchange plug 6, a gate valve 4, an air conditioning supply system, a first airtight valve 31, a second airtight valve 32, a third airtight valve 33, a fourth airtight valve 34, a fifth airtight valve 35, a frame, and the air separation device 9.

[0049] The gas first passes through the filter absorber 7 and then enters the air separation device 9. The filter absorber 7 is used to filter toxic gases.

[0050] The gas first passes through the detection device 100 and flows through the first passage to the filter absorber 7. The detection device 100 is used to detect toxic gases. A first airtight valve 31 is provided between the filter absorber 7 and the air separation device 9. The first airtight valve 31 controls the opening and closing of the filter absorber 7 and the air separation device 9.

[0051] The detection device 100 is communicatively connected to the control module 14, and the first sealed valve 31 is connected to the control module 14. Based on the toxic gas information provided by the detection device 100, the control module 14 controls the opening and closing of the first sealed valve 31.

[0052] The gas entering the underground project first passes through shock wave protection device 1, which protects the equipment in the underground project from shock wave attacks.

[0053] The coarse filter 2 is connected to the shock wave protection device 1. Gas enters the coarse filter 2 from the shock wave protection device 1. The coarse filter 2 is used to filter dust particles larger than 5 microns. The gas flows through the coarse filter 2 into three channels.

[0054] The gas in the first passage flows to the air separation device 9 through the filter absorber 7; a second airtight valve 32 is provided between the coarse filter 2 and the filter absorber 7, and the second airtight valve 32 controls the opening and closing of the coarse filter 2 and the filter absorber 7.

[0055] The gas in the second passage flows to the air separation device 9 through the third airtight valve 33; the third airtight valve 33 controls the opening and closing of the coarse filter 2 and the air separation device 9.

[0056] The gas in the third passage flows to the third output pipeline via the fourth airtight valve 34 and the fifth airtight valve 35. During a disaster, the air in the underground engineering system is divided into a contaminated zone and a clean zone. The air in the clean zone is filtered, while the air in the contaminated zone is unfiltered. To control the third passage separately in the contaminated and clean zones, a dual-valve system (fourth airtight valve 34 and fifth airtight valve 35) is used. The fourth airtight valve 34 is located in the contaminated zone, and the fifth valve 35 is located in the clean zone.

[0057] The second airtight valve 32, the third airtight valve 33, the fourth airtight valve 34, and the fifth airtight valve 35 are respectively connected to the control module 14; based on the toxic gas information provided by the detection device 100, the control module 14 controls the opening and closing of the first airtight valve 31, the second airtight valve 32, the third airtight valve 33, the fourth airtight valve 34, and the fifth airtight valve 35 respectively, to further control the gas flow direction.

[0058] When a toxic gas is detected, the control module 14 opens the first airtight valve 31 and the second airtight valve 32. The toxic gas is first filtered by the filter absorber 7, and then the oxygen-enriched air separated by the air separation device 9 is delivered to personnel or equipment that need oxygen, while the nitrogen-enriched air separated is delivered to equipment that needs nitrogen.

[0059] When the gas is detected to be non-toxic, the control module 14 opens the third airtight valve 33. The gas is separated into oxygen-enriched air by the air separator 9 and delivered to personnel or equipment that require oxygen, and nitrogen-enriched air is delivered to equipment that requires nitrogen. Alternatively, the control module 14 opens the fourth airtight valve 34 and the fifth airtight valve 35, and the gas is delivered to personnel or equipment for use through the third output pipeline.

[0060] One of the main measures taken by civil defense projects to counter nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons is the installation of filter absorbers. In wartime, after external air becomes contaminated, the filter absorbers can be activated to treat the contaminated air into clean air before it is delivered to the clean zone within the project. The filter absorber is a specialized civil defense device installed in the filtration and ventilation system of combined peacetime and wartime fortifications. It has the functions of resisting residual pressure from shock waves and filtering and sterilizing. When the outside air is contaminated by nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons, the explosion-proof plate in the filter absorber can withstand the residual pressure of shock waves, and the fine filtration unit in the filter absorber can efficiently filter out radioactive dust and aerosols from the air. The chemical agent vapors in the air are then adsorbed and filtered out by the chemical agent filtration unit. The biological inactivation unit in the filter absorber can effectively kill any live biological agents trapped on the fine filtration unit, preventing their proliferation and migration, and preventing secondary contamination. The inactivation method used in filter absorber 7 is a general method, which has been experimentally proven to kill E. coli and Bacillus subtilis spores. Contaminated air from the outside undergoes multi-stage air pretreatment before being processed by the filter absorber before it can continue to be delivered. The filtered air is used by personnel, and the filter absorber, once saturated, is replaced to ensure continuous filtration.

[0061] The ventilation plug 6 is located at the air inlet of the filter absorber 7. This toxic gas filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system achieves continuous toxic gas filtration by replacing the saturated filter absorber 7. The control module 14 is connected to the ventilation plug 6. After the filter absorber 7 is replaced, the control module 14 opens the ventilation plug 6 and closes the second airtight valve 32. The emitted toxic gas pollution is eliminated through ventilation. The gas in the space containing the filter absorber 7 flows through the ventilation plug 6 to the filter absorber 7. That is, the gas flows sequentially through the ventilation plug 6, the filter absorber 7, the first airtight valve 31, the air separation device 9, etc., and is purified by adsorption by the filter absorber 7.

[0062] The slide gate valve 4 is installed on the third output pipeline and the gas output passage of the air separator 9. The control module 14 is connected to the slide gate valve 4. The control module 14 controls the air intake of the filter absorber by controlling the slide gate valve 4 and the air volume regulating valve 8 installed on the gas output passage of the air separator 9, so that the actual air intake is not greater than the rated air volume of the filter absorber 7.

[0063] The second fan 51 is installed on the third output pipeline and on the gas output path of the air separator 9. The control module 14 is connected to the second fan 51. The control module 14 turns on the second fan 51 to provide power for the gas to flow in the path.

[0064] The air conditioning supply system includes an air volume regulating valve 8, which is installed on the third output duct and the gas output passage of the air separator 9; it is used to regulate the air volume supplied to the passage. The air volume regulating valve, also called an air damper, is an indispensable central air conditioning terminal accessory in ventilation, air conditioning, and air purification projects in industrial plants and civil buildings. It is generally used in air conditioning and ventilation system ducts to regulate the air volume of branch pipes and can also be used for the mixing and regulation of fresh air and return air. The control module 14 is connected to the air volume regulating valve 8. The control module 14 regulates the air volume supplied to the passage by controlling the air volume regulating valve 8; and by adjusting the air volume regulating valve 8 and the gate valve 4, it controls the air volume passing through the filter absorber 7 to be less than its rated air volume. Specifically, the power for the ventilation of the filter absorber 7 mainly comes from the first fan 51 installed on the gas output passage of the air separator 9. When the air volume provided by the first fan 51 is greater than the air volume of the filter absorber 7, the air volume through the filter absorber 7 is controlled to be less than its rated air volume by adjusting the opening of the air volume regulating valve 8 set on the gas output passage of the air separator 9 and opening the gate valve 4 set on the gas output passage of the air separator 9 to increase the bypass air intake.

[0065] Generally, engineering ventilation is divided into three types: 1) Normal ventilation, where gas flows sequentially through: shock wave shield 1, coarse filter 2, fourth airtight valve 34, fifth airtight valve 35, second fan 51 on the third output pipeline, and airflow regulating valve 8 on the third output pipeline; 2) Filter ventilation, where gas flows sequentially through: shock wave shield 1, coarse filter 2, second airtight valve 32, filter absorber 7, first airtight valve 31, second fan 51 on the gas output path of air separator 9, and airflow regulating valve 8 on the gas output path of air separator 9; 3) Isolation ventilation, where the internal space of the project is not connected to the outside, all airtight valves are closed, and airflow circulation is achieved by the internal fans. Isolation ventilation is usually limited in time because there is no external oxygen supply; oxygen for breathing is provided by the internal oxygen generator. Gas flows sequentially through: gate valve 4 on the third output pipeline, second fan 51 on the third output pipeline, and airflow regulating valve 8 on the third output pipeline.

[0066] To facilitate equipment installation, the filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system also includes a frame, which is set in the clean area. The control module 14, adsorption tower 11, vacuum pump 12, and water eliminator 13 are mounted on the frame.

[0067] The air filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system also includes auxiliary components, such as pipe joints, cables, and auxiliary installation accessories, for connecting and installing the equipment.

[0068] like Figure 3As shown, an air separation device is connected in series on the filtration ventilation duct of the original underground engineering air intake system (between the first airtight valve 31 and the slide valve 4).

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the filtered and purified air is pressurized by the first fan 50 and then sent into the adsorption tower. The molecular sieve-like adsorption material packed inside the adsorption tower separates oxygen and nitrogen molecules of different sizes and shapes, producing oxygen-rich air and nitrogen-rich air. Specifically, the first fan 50 pressurizes adsorption tower A, and nitrogen-rich air is discharged from the top of adsorption tower A. Simultaneously, the vacuum pump 12 depressurizes adsorption tower B, and oxygen-rich air is discharged from the bottom of adsorption tower B. Adsorption towers A and B operate alternately in a cycle, with one tower performing adsorption while the other performs desorption.

[0070] The working steps for filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply in underground engineering projects are as follows:

[0071] The first step is that the air entering the underground project first passes through the shock wave shield 1, which protects the equipment in the underground project from shock wave attacks.

[0072] In the second step, air enters the coarse filter 2 through the shock wave protection device 1, filtering out dust particles larger than 5 microns.

[0073] The third step involves air entering the detection device 100 through the coarse filter 2 to detect whether the air contains toxic gases.

[0074] If the air contains toxic gases, it enters the filter absorber 7 for filtration; the filtered air then enters the air separator 9, where the oxygen separated by the air separator 9 is delivered to personnel or equipment that need oxygen, and the separated nitrogen is delivered to equipment that needs nitrogen.

[0075] If there are no toxic gases in the air, the air is directly supplied to personnel and equipment; or, the air enters the air separation device 9, and the oxygen separated by the air separation device 9 is supplied to personnel or equipment that need oxygen, and the nitrogen separated is supplied to equipment that needs nitrogen.

[0076] By adding air separation devices in series or parallel on the ventilation ducts of underground engineering projects, the air supply volume can be reduced while meeting the project's oxygen requirements, thereby lowering the risk of toxic contamination. The following is a brief explanation of the system's operation using a volume of 100 units as an example. During filtration ventilation, all air filtered by the filter absorber is supplied to the underground project, totaling 100 units. Adding an air separation device 9 downstream of the filter absorber generates 60 units of oxygen-enriched air and 40 units of nitrogen-enriched air. The 60 units of oxygen-enriched air are delivered to personnel or equipment requiring oxygen. This reduces the volume of air supplied to the project for breathing, correspondingly reducing the quantity and likelihood of toxic substances in the air, thus lowering the risk of toxic contamination. The 40 units of nitrogen-enriched air are supplied to equipment rooms for active fire suppression. During normal ventilation, the air separation device 9 can also be operated independently to supply oxygen-enriched air to the underground project, increasing the oxygen content and improving personnel comfort. This patented technology allows oxygen-rich air generated through air separation to be directly delivered into the project, which reduces the volume of air delivered into the project and consequently reduces the risk of toxic substances entering the project.

[0077] By separating the air filtered by the filtration absorber 7 to produce oxygen-enriched air, it is delivered to personnel and equipment requiring oxygen, reducing the overall air supply volume and further lowering the risk of contamination. Simultaneously, it ensures the oxygen required for survival within the underground facility. This increases the oxygen content per unit volume of air, meeting the oxygen needs of personnel in densely populated conditions. The oxygen-enriched air is delivered into the facility through existing air conditioning ducts or via a newly installed dedicated oxygen supply line for direct breathing. Nitrogen-enriched air, generated through air separation, is injected into key areas of the underground facility, such as data centers and generator rooms, via dedicated pipelines, aided by on-site sensors and controllers. This creates and maintains a low-oxygen environment, inhibiting chain reactions of combustion, actively preventing fires, and providing a low-concentration oxygen environment suitable for equipment maintenance. While the air filtered by this filtration and ventilation oxygen-enriched air supply system is delivered into the underground facility, due to the fixed volume and pressure of the underground structure, a corresponding volume of air inhaled by personnel will inevitably be discharged. This portion of air is certainly safe, although its oxygen content is relatively low and its air quality is relatively polluted.

[0078] As is known from common technical knowledge, this invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above are merely illustrative in all respects and are not the only ones. All modifications within the scope of this invention or its equivalents are included in this invention.

Claims

1. An air separation device (9), characterized in that, The air separation device is installed in the ventilation duct of the underground project and includes: Adsorption separation module (90); The adsorption separation module (90) separates nitrogen and oxygen from the gas input into the adsorption separation module; The oxygen separated by the adsorption separation module (90) is delivered to personnel or equipment that need oxygen through the first output pipeline; The nitrogen separated by the adsorption separation module (90) is delivered to the equipment that needs nitrogen through the second output pipeline; The adsorption separation module (90) includes an adsorption tower (11); The gas enters the adsorption tower (11), and nitrogen-rich air is discharged from the top of the adsorption tower (11) by pressurization; oxygen-rich air is discharged from the bottom of the adsorption tower (11) by depressurization. The adsorption separation module (90) includes a vacuum pump (12) and a water separator (13); The adsorption tower (11) is connected to the vacuum pump (12), which is used to reduce the pressure inside the adsorption tower (11); The dehydrator (13) is connected to the vacuum pump (12) to reduce the humidity of the gas discharged by the vacuum pump (12); after passing through the bottom of the adsorption tower (11) and the vacuum pump (12), the oxygen-rich air is discharged by the dehydrator (13); The gas flows in two directions within the vacuum pump and the dehydrator: in the first direction, the gas enters the vacuum pump from the adsorption tower, passes through the dehydrator, and then re-enters the adsorption tower; in the second direction, the gas passes through the bottom of the adsorption tower and the vacuum pump, and the oxygen-enriched air is discharged from the dehydrator. Includes control module (14); The adsorption separation module includes a first fan (50); The first fan (50) is installed in the passageway through which the gas enters the adsorption tower (11); The first fan (50) is used to pressurize the adsorption tower (11); The control module (14) is connected to the first fan (50) and the vacuum pump (12) respectively; when pressurizing the adsorption tower (11), the control module (14) turns on the first fan (50), and when depressurizing the adsorption tower (11), the control module (14) turns on the vacuum pump (12); The adsorption tower (11) includes an electric heating element and a temperature sensor; The electric heating element is installed at the gas inlet of the adsorption tower (11) to heat the gas entering the adsorption tower (11) and improve the working efficiency of the adsorption tower (11). The temperature sensor is installed inside the adsorption tower (11); The control module (14) is connected to the electric heating element and the temperature sensor respectively. Based on the temperature information provided by the temperature sensor, the control module (14) controls the heating degree of the electric heating element.

2. The air separation device (9) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption tower (11) is provided in two or more.

3. The air separation device (9) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adsorption tower (11) is a radial molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption tower group; The adsorption tower (11) is connected to the control module (14), and the adsorption and desorption processes of the adsorption tower (11) are controlled by the control module (14). The inlet and outlet of each adsorption tower (11) are equipped with a programmable valve. The programmable valve is connected to the control module (14). The control module (14) controls the opening and closing of the programmable valve to indirectly control the multiple adsorption towers (11) to work in turn, so as to realize the alternating continuous cycle of adsorption and desorption processes.

4. A filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply system for underground engineering projects, characterized in that, include: The filter absorber (7) and the air separation device (9) according to any one of claims 1 to 3; The gas first passes through the filter absorber (7) and then enters the air separation device (9). The filter absorber (7) is used to filter toxic gases.

5. The air filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriching system according to claim 4, characterized in that, include: Detection device (100); The gas first passes through the detection device (100) and flows through the first passage to the filter absorber (7). The detection device (100) is used to detect toxic gas. A first airtight valve (31) is provided between the filter absorber (7) and the air separation device (9). The first airtight valve (31) controls the opening and closing between the filter absorber (7) and the air separation device (9). The detection device (100) is communicatively connected to the control module (14), and the first sealed valve (31) is connected to the control module (14). According to the toxic gas information provided by the detection device (100), the control module (14) controls the opening and closing of the first sealed valve (31).

6. The air filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriching system according to claim 5, characterized in that, include: Shock wave protection equipment (1), coarse filter (2); The gas entering the underground project first passes through the shock wave protection device (1), which protects the equipment in the underground project from shock wave attacks. The coarse filter (2) is connected to the shock wave protection device (1). Gas enters the coarse filter (2) from the shock wave protection device (1). The coarse filter (2) is used to filter dust particles larger than 5 micrometers. The gas flowing through the coarse filter (2) flows into three paths. The gas in the first passage flows through the filter absorber (7) to the air separation device (9); a second airtight valve (32) is provided between the coarse filter (2) and the filter absorber (7), and the second airtight valve (32) controls the opening and closing between the coarse filter (2) and the filter absorber (7); The gas in the second passage flows to the air separation device (9) through the third closed valve (33); the third closed valve (33) controls the opening and closing between the coarse filter (2) and the air separation device (9); The gas in the third passage flows to the third output pipeline through the fourth closed valve (34) and the fifth closed valve (35); The second airtight valve (32), the third airtight valve (33), the fourth airtight valve (34), and the fifth airtight valve (35) are respectively connected to the control module (14); according to the toxic gas information provided by the detection device (100), the control module (14) controls the opening and closing of the first airtight valve (31), the second airtight valve (32), the third airtight valve (33), the fourth airtight valve (34), and the fifth airtight valve (35).

7. The air filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriching system according to claim 6, characterized in that, include: Ventilation plug (6); The ventilation plug (6) is installed at the air inlet of the filter absorber (7); The air filtration ventilation oxygen-enriched air supply system achieves continuous filtration by replacing the saturated filter absorber (7). The control module (14) is connected to the air exchange plug (6). After the filter absorber (7) is replaced, the control module (14) opens the air exchange plug (6).

8. The air filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriching system according to claim 6, characterized in that, include: Slide valve (4), air conditioning supply system, second fan (51); The gate valve (4) is installed on the third output pipeline and on the gas output passage of the air separator (9); the control module (14) is connected to the gate valve (4), and the control module (14) controls the air intake of the filter absorber by controlling the gate valve (4) installed on the gas output passage of the air separator (9), so that the actual air intake is not greater than the rated air volume of the filter absorber (7); The second fan (51) is installed on the third output pipeline and the gas output passage of the air separation device (9). The control module (14) is connected to the second fan (51). The control module (14) turns on the second fan (51) to provide power for the gas to flow in the passage. The air conditioning system includes an air volume regulating valve (8); The air volume regulating valve (8) is installed on the third output pipeline and on the gas output passage of the air separator (9); the control module (14) is connected to the air volume regulating valve (8), and the control module (14) regulates the air supply volume of the passage by controlling the air volume regulating valve (8); by adjusting the air volume regulating valve (8) and the gate valve (4) installed on the gas output passage of the air separator (9), the air volume through the filter absorber (7) is controlled to be less than its rated air volume.

9. A method for filtering, ventilating, and enriching oxygen-supplying air in underground engineering projects, characterized in that, The air filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriching system as described in claim 7 or 8 The working steps of the underground engineering filtration, ventilation, and oxygen-enriched air supply method are as follows: The first step is that the gas entering the underground project first passes through the shock wave protection device (1), which protects the equipment in the underground project from shock wave attacks. In the second step, the gas enters the coarse filter (2) through the shock wave protection device (1), and the coarse filter (2) filters dust particles larger than 5 micrometers; The third step is that the gas enters the detection device (100) through the coarse filter (2) to detect whether the gas contains toxic gas; If the gas contains toxic gas, it enters the filter absorber (7) for filtration; the filtered gas enters the air separation device (9), and the oxygen separated by the air separation device (9) is delivered to personnel or equipment that need oxygen, and the nitrogen separated is delivered to equipment that needs nitrogen. If there are no toxic gases in the gas, the gas can be directly supplied to personnel and equipment for use; Alternatively, the gas enters the air separation device (9), and the oxygen separated by the air separation device (9) is delivered to personnel or equipment that need oxygen, and the nitrogen separated is delivered to equipment that needs nitrogen.

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