Filter systems, components, and methods with short-range wireless tracking features

Abstract

Various aspects of this document include a filter system that includes a short-range wireless tracking feature to detect the insertion and / or removal of a filter element from the filter system. In an embodiment, a filter system is included having a housing that includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The housing can define an internal volume. A first filter element can be removably disposed within the housing. A short-range wireless communication tag can be associated with the first filter element. A short-range wireless communication reader can be associated with the housing, the reader being configured to wirelessly send data to and receive data from the tag when the distance between the reader and the tag is less than or equal to a maximum communication distance. Removing the first filter element from the housing will cause the distance between the tag and the reader to exceed the maximum communication distance. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Description

[0001] This application was filed as a PCT international patent application on August 16, 2018, in the name of DONALDSON COMPANY, INC., a U.S. national corporation, and in the name of Danny William Miller, a U.S. citizen, and Daniel E. Adamek, a U.S. citizen, as inventors in all countries, and claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 102,277, filed on August 13, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 546,246, filed on August 16, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] Embodiments herein relate to filter systems that include short-range wireless tracking features. More specifically, embodiments herein relate to filter systems that include short-range wireless tracking features that can detect actions with respect to the filter system, such as removal of a cover, actuation of a latch, insertion and / or removal of a filter element from the filter system, and the like. Background Art

[0003] Fluid streams often carry particulate matter within them. In many cases, it is desirable to remove some or all of the particulate matter from the fluid flow stream. For example, the air intake to the engine of a motor vehicle or power plant, the gas flow directed to a gas turbine, and the air flow to various combustion furnaces often contain particulate matter therein. If particulate matter reaches the internal workings of the various mechanisms involved, it may cause substantial damage thereto. Therefore, for such systems, it is preferred to remove particulate matter from the fluid stream upstream of the engine, turbine, furnace, or other equipment involved. In order to remove particulate matter, a variety of air filter or gas filter devices have been developed. In addition to particulate removal, the filter system can also be used as a gas or liquid phase pollutant removal system.

[0004] Many filter systems include filter elements that must be periodically replaced and / or repaired to ensure proper operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments include a filter system that includes a short-range wireless tracking feature that can detect the insertion and / or removal of a filter element from the filter system. In an embodiment, a filter system includes a housing. The housing can include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The housing can define an internal volume. A first filter element can be configured to be removably disposed within the housing. A short-range wireless tag can be associated with the first filter element. A short-range wireless reader associated with or external to the housing is configured to wirelessly send data to and receive data from the short-range wireless tag when the distance between the short-range wireless reader and the short-range wireless tag is less than or equal to a maximum communication distance. Removal of the first filter element from the housing causes the short-range wireless tag to move away from the short-range wireless reader such that the distance between the short-range wireless tag and the short-range wireless reader exceeds the maximum communication distance.

[0006] In an embodiment, a filtration system is provided having a housing. The housing may include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The housing may define an internal volume. A first filter element may be configured to be removably disposed within the housing. A short-range wireless communication tag may be associated with the first filter element. A short-range wireless communication reader may be associated with the housing or located external to the housing. The reader may be configured to wirelessly send data to and receive data from the tag when the distance between the reader and the tag is less than or equal to a maximum communication distance. Removing the first filter element from the housing may cause the tag to move away from the reader such that the distance between the tag and the reader exceeds the maximum communication distance.

[0007] In an embodiment, a method for detecting a filter element removal event in a filter system is included. The method may include inductively transmitting power from a short-range wireless communication reader to a short-range wireless communication tag, the reader being associated with a filter housing or external to the filter housing. The filter housing may include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The filter housing may define an internal volume. The short-range wireless communication tag may be associated with a first filter element. The first filter element may be configured to be removably disposed within the housing. The method may include receiving a wireless signal generated by the tag using the reader. The method may also include detecting an occurrence of no communication between the reader and the tag, wherein the occurrence of no communication after a previous communication phase indicates a filter element removal event.

[0008] In an embodiment, a filtration system is provided. The filtration system may include a rotary drum filter, a short-range wireless communication tag associated with the rotary drum filter, a filter head configured to receive the rotary drum filter, and a short-range wireless communication reader associated with the filter head. The short-range wireless communication reader may be configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data to and from the short-range wireless communication tag when a distance between the short-range wireless communication reader and the short-range wireless communication tag is less than or equal to a maximum communication distance. Removing the rotary drum filter from the filter head may cause the short-range wireless communication tag to move away from the short-range wireless communication reader such that the distance between the short-range wireless communication tag and the short-range wireless communication reader exceeds the maximum communication distance.

[0009] This summary is an overview of some of the teachings of this application and is not intended to be an exclusive or exhaustive treatment of this subject matter. Further details can be found in the detailed description and the appended claims. Other aspects will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description and reviewing the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description, and which should not be construed as limiting. The scope of this document is defined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Various aspects may be more fully understood in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a filter system data communication environment 100 .

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system in which a filter system according to the present disclosure is used.

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system with a primary filter element installed therein, according to various embodiments herein.

[0014] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system with a primary filter element being removed from the filter system according to various embodiments herein.

[0015] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system having a primary filter element and a secondary filter element installed therein according to various embodiments herein.

[0016] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a filter system in which a primary filter element and a secondary filter element are installed, according to various embodiments herein.

[0017] Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a filter system including a housing and a filter element constructed according to the principles of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 8 Shown is a diagram of a device in an assembled orientation according to various embodiments herein. Figure 7 End view of the filter system.

[0019] Figure 9 Shown is a diagram of a device in an assembled orientation according to various embodiments herein. Figure 7 End view of the filter system.

[0020] Figure 10 Shown is a diagram of a device in an assembled orientation according to various embodiments herein. Figure 7 Partial cross-sectional view of the filter system.

[0021] Figure 11 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a filter system having a filter element therein according to various embodiments herein.

[0022] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a filter system including a housing having a first housing portion and a second housing portion.

[0023] Figure 13 is an exploded perspective view of a filter assembly including a filter head and a spin-on cartridge filter according to various embodiments herein.

[0024] Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system with a primary filter element being removed from the filter system according to various embodiments herein.

[0025] Although the embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, the details thereof have been illustrated by way of example and accompanying drawings and will be described in detail. However, it should be understood that the scope herein is not limited to the specific embodiments described. On the contrary, the present invention will encompass modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of this invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiments herein may include the use of short-range wireless communication components, such as tags and readers placed on filter elements and housings in which the filter elements are mounted. The tags and readers may be arranged such that removal of the filter elements therefrom causes the tag and associated reader to be separated by a distance exceeding the pair's operating wireless communication range. Thus, removal of the filter elements from the housing in which the filter elements are mounted may be determined based on sensing the absence of communication between the wireless tag and the associated wireless reader.

[0027] Now refer to Figure 1 , shows a schematic diagram of a filter system data communication environment 100. A machine 102 (e.g., a vehicle) may include an engine control unit 104 (ECU) and a filter system 106. Filter system 106 may be used for various purposes, including, but not limited to, filtering fluids such as incoming air, fuel, lubricating oil, or exhaust gases. In some embodiments, machine 102 includes multiple filter systems. Exemplary filter systems are described in more detail below.

[0028] In some embodiments, filter system 106 can be in electronic communication, either wired or wireless, with ECU 104. In some embodiments, filter system 106 can transmit and / or receive wireless signals to and / or from components external to machine 102 or the vehicle, bypassing ECU 104 or in parallel with wired or wireless signals exchanged with ECU 104.

[0029] The machine 102 may be located within a work environment 116. The work environment 116 may represent the geographic area in which the machine 102 primarily operates. Depending on the nature of the machine 102, the work environment 116 may be quite large (tens to thousands of square miles) or relatively small (less than 10 or even 1 square mile). The work environment 116 may be, for example, a mining facility, a construction site, a transportation or distribution center, a production facility, etc. In some embodiments, a gateway or repeater unit 110 may be disposed within the work environment 116. In some embodiments, the gateway or repeater unit 110 may wirelessly communicate with the machine 102 and / or its components (such as the filter system 106 and / or the ECU 104). In some embodiments, the gateway or repeater unit 110 may be connected to an external data network 122, such as the Internet or various private networks. In some embodiments, the data network 122 may be a packet-switched network. In some embodiments, the gateway or repeater 110 may also include the functionality of a data network router.

[0030] In some embodiments, a server 112 may also be located in the working environment 116. The server 112 may receive data from the gateway or repeater unit 110. However, it will be understood that in many embodiments, the working environment 116 may not have a server 112.

[0031] In some embodiments, wireless signals from one or more of the components, such as the machine 102, the ECU 104, the filter system 106, the gateway or repeater unit 110, etc., may be exchanged with a wireless communication tower 120 (or antenna array), which may be a cellular tower or other wireless communication tower. The wireless communication tower 120 may be connected to a data network 122, such as the Internet or another type of public or private data network, packet-switched network, or other network.

[0032] The data network can provide one-way or two-way communication with other components outside of the work environment 116. For example, a server 124 or other processing device can receive electronic signals containing data from one or more components such as the machine 102, the ECU 104, the filter system 106, the gateway or repeater unit 110, etc. The server 124 can interface with a database 126 to store data. In some embodiments, the server 124 (or a specific device as part of the server system) can interface with a user device 128, which can allow a user to query the data stored in the database 126.

[0033] The data generated by the filter system 106 can be of various types. In some embodiments, the data generated by the filter system 106 can include data regarding pressure drop, changes in pressure drop over time, primary filter removal events and / or a count of such events, secondary filter removal events and / or a count of such events, primary filter usage hours, secondary filter usage hours, primary filter installation date and time and / or a count of such installation events, secondary filter installation date and time and / or a count of such installation events, etc.

[0034] Now refer to Figure 2 , shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system in which a filter system according to the present disclosure is used. Figure 2 In FIG, a device 232 (e.g., a vehicle) is schematically shown having an engine 233 having some limited rated air flow requirements, for example, at least 50 cfm and up to 1800 cfm. The device 232 may be a bus, an on-road truck, an off-road vehicle, a tractor, a light or medium truck, or a marine application such as a speedboat. The engine 233 powers the device 232 using a mixture of air and fuel. Figure 2 , airflow is shown being drawn into engine 233 at intake area 235. An optional turbine 236 is shown in dashed lines to optionally increase the intake air entering engine 233. A filter system 240 having a filter structure 242 is upstream of engine 233 and turbine 236. Typically, in operation, air is drawn into filter system 240 at arrow 244 and passes through filter structure 242. At the filter structure, particles and pollutants are removed from the air. The purified air flows downstream into air inlet 235 at arrow 246. From there, air flows into engine 233 to power device 232.

[0035] Now refer to Figure 3, shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system 300 having a primary filter element 320 installed therein according to various embodiments herein. The filter system 300 may include a housing 302 including a fluid inlet 310 and a fluid outlet 312, the housing defining an interior volume 314. The primary filter element 320 may be disposed within the interior volume 314 of the housing 302 and may be configured to be removably disposed therein. Figure 3 In the illustrated view, the primary filter element 320 is fully inserted into the housing 302 such that the primary filter element 320 is positioned proximal to or in contact with the distal end 328 of the interior volume 314. On the opposite side of the interior volume 314 is the proximal end 330 of the interior volume 314. The proximal end 330 of the interior volume 314 is configured to engage with a removable cap 304 that fits adjacent to the proximal end 330 to seal the proximal end of the housing, thereby preventing fluid from flowing through the proximal end. The removable cap 304 can engage with the proximal end 330 and remain attached to the proximal end by various means or structures including threads, a friction fit mechanism, a latch, a buckle, a snap fit mechanism, and the like.

[0036] A short-range wireless communication tag, such as a near field communication (NFC) tag 322, can be associated with, such as disposed on or in, the primary filter element 320. A short-range wireless communication reader, such as a near field communication (NFC) reader 324, can be disposed in or on the housing 302. The NFC reader 324 can be configured to wirelessly transmit data to and receive data from the NFC tag 322 when a distance 326 between the NFC reader 324 and the NFC tag 322 is less than or equal to a maximum communication distance 346 between the NFC reader 324 and the NFC tag 322.

[0037] In various embodiments herein, removal of the primary filter element from the housing causes the tag to move away from the reader by an amount such that the distance between the tag and the reader exceeds the maximum communication distance. Figure 4 , shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system 300 according to various embodiments herein, wherein a primary filter element 320 is being removed from the filter system. In this view, the cover 304 has been removed from the proximal end 330 of the interior volume 314. Furthermore, the primary filter element 320 has been moved away from the distal end 328 of the interior volume 314. Thus, the NFC reader 324 and the NFC tag 322 are now positioned at a distance 326 that is greater than or equal to the maximum communication distance 346 of the NFC reader 324 and the NFC tag 322.

[0038] It will be understood that embodiments of the filter systems herein may include more than one filter element. For example, in some embodiments herein, the filter system may be configured to include a primary filter element and a secondary filter element. During normal operation, the primary filter element may perform most or all of the filtering activities. However, if the primary filter breaks down, the secondary filter element (or spare filter element) may protect the machine in which the filter system is provided by filtering the fluid over a period of time. In some embodiments, the primary filter and the secondary filter are replaced at the same frequency. However, in other embodiments, the replacement frequency of the primary filter is greater than the replacement frequency of the secondary filter.

[0039] Now refer to Figure 5 , shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system 300 having a primary filter element 320 and a secondary filter element 321 installed therein, according to various embodiments herein. The filter system 300 may include a housing 302 including a fluid inlet 310 and a fluid outlet 312, the housing defining an interior volume 314. The primary filter element 320 may be disposed within the interior volume 314 of the housing 302 and may be configured to be removably disposed therein. The secondary filter element 321 may be disposed within the interior volume 314 of the housing 302 and may also be configured to be removably disposed therein, either simultaneously or simultaneously with the removal of the primary filter element 320.

[0040] exist Figure 5 In the illustrated view, the primary filter element 320 and the secondary filter element 321 are fully inserted into the housing 302 such that the primary filter element 320 and the secondary filter element 321 are positioned proximate to or in contact with a distal end 328 of the interior volume 314. On the opposite side of the interior volume 314 is a proximal end 330 of the interior volume 314. The proximal end 330 of the interior volume 314 is configured to engage the cap 304, which fits adjacent the proximal end 330 to seal the proximal end of the housing, thereby preventing fluid from flowing therethrough.

[0041] The first NFC tag 322 can be associated with (such as disposed on or in) the primary filter element 320, and the second NFC tag 323 can be associated with (such as disposed on or in) the secondary filter element 321. An NFC reader 324 can be disposed in or on the housing 302. The NFC reader 324 can be configured to wirelessly transmit data to and receive data from the first NFC tag 322 and the second NFC tag 323 when the distance between the NFC reader 324 and the NFC tags 322, 323 is less than or equal to the maximum communication distance between the NFC reader 324 and the NFC tags 322, 323.

[0042] It will be appreciated that the filter systems herein may take many different shapes and configurations. Figure 6 , shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system 600 in which a primary filter element 620 and a secondary filter element 621 are installed according to various embodiments herein. The filter system 600 may include a housing 602 including a fluid inlet 610 and a fluid outlet 612. The housing may define an internal volume 614. The primary filter element 620 may be disposed within the internal volume 614 of the housing 602 and may be configured to be removably disposed therein. The secondary filter element 621 may be disposed within the internal volume 614 of the housing 602 and may also be configured to be removably disposed therein. In this embodiment, the primary filter element 620 may be removed with or without removing the secondary filter element 621.

[0043] exist Figure 6 In the illustrated view, both the primary filter element 620 and the secondary filter element 621 are fully inserted into the housing 602, but based on the design of the housing 602, they are not equally proximal to the distal end 628 of the interior volume 614. On the opposite side of the interior volume 614 is the proximal end 630 of the interior volume 614. The proximal end 630 of the interior volume 614 is configured to engage the cap 604, which fits adjacent to the proximal end 630 to seal the proximal end of the housing, thereby preventing fluid from flowing therethrough.

[0044] A first short-range wireless communication tag 622 can be associated with (such as disposed on or in) the primary filter element 620, and a second short-range wireless communication tag 623 can be associated with (such as disposed on or in) the secondary filter element 621. A first short-range wireless communication reader 624 and a second short-range wireless communication reader 626 can be disposed in or on the housing 602. The readers 624, 626 can be configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data to and from the first tag 622, 623 when the distance between the reader 624, 626 and the tags 622, 623 is less than or equal to the maximum communication distance between the reader 624, 626 and the tags 622, 623.

[0045] As mentioned above, many different shapes and configurations for filter systems are contemplated herein. Figure 7 , is an exploded perspective view of a filter system 710 including a housing and a filter element constructed according to the principles of the present disclosure. The depicted filter system 710 includes a housing 712 and a removable and replaceable primary filter element 714. In the one shown, the housing 712 includes a shell 716 and a removable service cover 718. The cover 718 provides service access to the interior of the housing 716 for maintenance. Figure 7In a filter system 710 of the general type depicted in FIG, servicing typically involves disassembling and removing at least one filter element (such as depicted filter element 714) from a housing 712 for refurbishment or replacement.

[0046] The depicted housing 712 includes an outer wall 720 having an end 721, an air inlet 722, and an air outlet 724. For the depicted embodiment, both the inlet 722 and the outlet 724 are in the housing 716. In other embodiments, at least one of the inlet 722 or the outlet 724 can be part of a cover 718. In typical use, ambient or unfiltered air enters the filter system 710 through the inlet 722. Within the filter system 710, the air passes through the filter element 714 to obtain a desired level of particle removal. The filtered air then flows outward from the filter system 710 through the outlet 724 and is directed to the air intake inlet of an associated engine, compressor, or other system through appropriate ductwork or conduit.

[0047] although Figure 7 Filter elements for removing particulates are described, but it will be understood that embodiments herein may also include filter systems and / or filter elements for removing gaseous and / or liquid phase contaminants.

[0048] The particular filter system 710 depicted has an outer wall 720 defining a barrel-shaped or generally cylindrical configuration. In this particular configuration, the outlet 724 can be described as an axial outlet because it generally extends in the direction of and circumferentially surrounds the longitudinal center axis defined by the filter element 714. A service cover 718 is generally mounted on an open end 726 of the housing 716. In the particular arrangement shown, the cover 718 is secured in place above the end 726 by a latch 728.

[0049] Figure 7 Also shown is a tag 762 disposed on the first end cap 754 of the filter element 714. A reader 764 can be mounted on or in the end 721 of the housing 712. When the filter element 714 is fully inserted into the housing 712, the tag 762 can be close enough to the reader 764 to exchange wireless communications. In some embodiments, the reader 764 can be electrically connected to a system controller 765. The system controller 765 may include various circuit systems for telemetry, data (including RAM / ROM and / or data registers) storage and / or processing, power storage and / or modulation, etc. In some embodiments, the system controller 765 may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. However, in some embodiments, the elements described above with respect to the system controller 765 may be integrated into the reader 764.

[0050] Now refer to Figure 8 , showing the assembled orientation Figure 7 764 can be installed on or in the end 721 of the housing. When the filter element is fully inserted into the housing, the tag on the filter element can be close enough to the reader 764 to exchange wireless communications. In some embodiments, the reader 764 can be electrically connected to the system controller 765.

[0051] Many different physical configurations for readers and / or tags are contemplated herein. In various embodiments, the reader and / or tag may include a loop formed of a conductor that can serve as an antenna. In some embodiments, the reader and / or tag may be ovoid, circular, polygonal, irregularly shaped, or the like. In some embodiments, the reader and / or tag may define a loop with a central hole. In some embodiments, the reader and / or tag may include multiple antennas of different sizes and a switch mechanism for selectively using one of the multiple antennas based on the desired maximum communication distance. However, in other embodiments, the reader or tag does not define a hole.

[0052] Now refer to Figure 9 , showing the assembled orientation Figure 7 764 can be connected to the system controller 765.

[0053] However, with Figure 8 Unlike the reader 764 shown in FIG. Figure 9 The reader 764 in FIG is shown formed as a ring disposed adjacent the outer periphery of the end portion 721 of the housing. In this configuration, the cross-sectional area encompassed by the reader 764 is relatively large compared to the total cross-sectional area of ​​the end portion 721 of the housing.

[0054] Now refer to Figure 10 , depicting a partial cross-sectional view of the filter system 710. Referring now to Figure 10 , it can be seen that the body 716 defines the interior 730 of the filter system 710. Disposed within the interior 730 of the particular filter system 710 depicted is a filter element 714 through which air is directed during use. In this embodiment, an optional secondary or safety filter element 732 is also depicted.

[0055] As used herein, the term "filter element" or "element" refers to a removable, replaceable component comprising a filter medium through which filtered air passes as air is directed from inlet 722 through interior 730 to outlet 724, wherein element 714 performs an air filtering (or dust removal) function. Unless otherwise specified, the terms "element," "filter element," and "filter" refer to removable and replaceable components within filter system 710. Preferably, the filter elements are configured so that they can be manually removed and replaced at appropriate maintenance intervals.

[0056] As used herein, the term "primary element" or "primary filter element" generally refers to the filter element where most dust loading occurs during use of the filter system. In a typical system with two elements, the primary element is located upstream of the safety element during typical assembly. In this context, "upstream" means that due to the location of the filter element during use, the configuration of the filter system, and the location of the seals, as air or other fluid moves from inlet 722 to outlet 724, the air or other fluid generally must pass through the primary element before passing through the safety element.

[0057] In this document, the term "secondary element" or "safety element" refers to the downstream element after the primary element. Dust loading on safety elements is generally minimal and is typically caused only by a failure of a primary element component or seal, unintentional dust movement during maintenance of the primary element, or some other incident.

[0058] Figure 10 732 includes a cylindrical extension of filter media 734 that defines an open filter interior 736. The filter media 734 extends between an open end cap 738 and a closed end cap 740. The filter media 734 used in the safety element 732 may be pleated media, depth media, felt, or any other type of media as appropriately determined by the designer of the filter system 710.

[0059] The safety element 732 is operably mounted within the housing 712 to allow for sealing of the safety element and occasional removal and replacement of the safety element with a new safety element 732. A seal 742 is depicted between the safety element 732 and the housing 712. Although a variety of different types of seals may be used, in the illustrated embodiment, the seal 742 is depicted as a radial seal 744; specifically, an outwardly directed radial seal between the open end cap 738 and an inner wall 746 of the body 716.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the closed end cap 740 of the safety element 732 is generally a flat disc 748. In some embodiments, the closed end cap 740 may include a protrusion that engages a portion of the primary element 714. An example of the engagement between the safety element 732 and the primary element 714 is shown in U.S. Patent No. 6,652,614, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0061] The tubular extension of filter media may extend between the first end cap 54 and the second end cap 56. In the embodiment shown, the tubular extension of filter media is cylindrical, but in other embodiments, it may be conical or elliptical, for example. The tubular extension of filter media defines an open filter interior. Figure 10 In the embodiment shown, the safety element is housed within an open filter. Many different types of filter media can be used. In some embodiments, the filter media can include pleated media. The pleated media can be pleated paper or cellulose.

[0062] exist Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, also extending between the first end cap 54 and the second end cap 56 may be an internal media support member or liner. The liner helps support the media due to operating pressures and other conditions. The liner may be non-metallic, or it may be metallic, such as a wire mesh.

[0063] The filter element 714 is releasably sealed to the housing 712 at a seal 768. A variety of techniques are used to releasably seal the filter element 714 to the housing 712. In the illustrated embodiment, a radial seal 770 is formed between the element 714 and the housing 712. Specifically, an inwardly directed radial seal 770 is formed between the first end cap 754 and the inner wall 746 of the housing 716.

[0064] The second portion 792 is part of the pre-filter of the filter system 710. Specifically and now with reference to Figure 10 , the filter system 710 has a dust ejector 794 as part of the housing 712 (specifically, as part of the cover 718). Air to be filtered enters the housing 712 through the inlet 722, and the pre-filter 796 helps separate out large dust particles and ejects them through the dust ejector 794 before they reach the primary element 714. Specifically, the second portion 792 allows the intake air to rotate or swirl circumferentially around the second portion 792. This rotation of the air around the second portion 792 creates a centrifugal force that causes the dust particles to fall to the bottom 798 of the housing 712, where they flow through the ejector outlet 703 in the cover 718 and then flow through the exhaust valve 702.

[0065] In the illustrated embodiment, the cover 718 includes structure that cooperates with the second end cap to help laterally support the filter element 714 in an operable position within the housing 712 with the radial seal 770 in place. Figure 7 In the embodiment shown, the cover 718 includes a protrusion 776 that projects into the closed recess of the second end cap. Preferably, the cover 718 also defines a recess 778 that is oriented to receive the protrusion of the second end cap. Figure 10 As can be seen in FIG, when the protrusion is received within the closed recess, and when the projection is received by the recess 778, this will help to maintain the filter element 714 in position mounted on the wall 746 with the radial seal 770 in place.

[0066] Although many filter elements and housings shown so far herein have depicted cylindrical filter elements and housings configured to be suitable for them, it will be understood that filter elements with many different shapes are contemplated herein. In addition, although the embodiments comprising secondary or safety filter elements cited above show that such secondary or safety filter elements are assembled in primary filter elements, many other configurations of filter systems comprising primary filter elements and secondary filter elements are contemplated herein. Depending on the context, reference to "first filter element" may refer to primary filter elements or secondary filter elements as described herein. Similarly, depending on the context, reference to "second filter element" may refer to primary filter elements or secondary filter elements as described herein.

[0067] In some embodiments, a latch sensor 788 can be associated with the latch 728. The latch sensor 788 can detect when the latch 728 is actuated, such as during removal of the cover 718. The latch sensor 788 can communicate with other components of the system via wired or wireless communication. In some embodiments, the latch sensor 788 can be in electronic communication with the controller 765. The latch sensor 788 can be formed using a variety of components, including but not limited to piezoelectric sensors, switch sensors, capacitive sensors, and the like.

[0068] Now refer to Figure 11, depicts a schematic exploded perspective view of a filter system 1060 with a filter element 1000. The filter system 1060 can include a housing 1061 having housing portions 1062 and 1063, between which the axial housing seal 1002 is positioned and squeezed during installation. One of the housing portions 1063 will typically be a filter element receiving portion and will include a receiving groove 1065 in the receiving portion into which the seal 1002 is assembled during installation. The second housing portion 1063 will typically include a pressure flange 1064 that is oriented to apply pressure to the surface 1014 during installation, thereby helping to ensure that the sealing surface 1015 is pressed to fully squeeze the sealing member 1012 against the support or sealing surface portion of the groove 1065 for sealing. Various retaining mechanisms (such as bolts or eccentric latches) can be used to apply and retain the force.

[0069] Still refer to Figure 11 , housing portion 1063 includes a sealing area outer peripheral rim 1070 that, during installation, can surround sealing arrangement 1002 and project therefrom in the same direction as optional handle members 1030, 1031. Filter element 1000 can be recessed within rim 1070.

[0070] Still refer to Figure 11 , housing portion 1063 further includes an inner peripheral rim 1071 within the sealing region, which is surrounded by rim 1070 and separated from the rim by a groove 1072 comprising a sealing engagement surface. Rim 1071 is optional, but preferred. When filter element 1000 is properly installed, it will typically be positioned so that a portion of sealing device or member 1012 will be positioned between rim 1071 and rim 1070.

[0071] Tag 1092 can be associated with filter element 1000, such as being arranged on it or wherein.Specifically, tag 1092 can be arranged on or among the sidewall 1003 of filter element 1000, or be arranged on or among another component of filter element 1000.Reader 1094 can be associated with housing 1061, such as being installed on it or wherein.When filter element 1000 is fully inserted in housing 1061, tag 1092 on filter element 1000 can be close to reader 1094 enough to exchange wireless communication.In certain embodiments, reader 1094 can be electrically communicated with contact pad 1095 comprising electrical contact 1096.Contact pad 1095 can promote reader 1094 to be connected with other devices.In certain embodiments, except contact pad or replace contact pad, reader 1094 can be electrically communicated with electric plug to promote reader 1094 to be connected with other devices.

[0072] Notice, Figure 11 The housing 1062 is schematic. The housing may also have other features related to its mounting, airflow inlet, airflow outlet, etc. Moreover, the label 1092 may be located in many different specific locations, such as within the interior of the filter element 1000, or within or between the filter element 1000 or other components of the filter system.

[0073] exist Figure 12 , another embodiment of a filter system 1060 is schematically shown, which includes a housing 1061 having a first housing portion 1062 and a second housing portion 1063. The housing 1061 includes an air flow inlet 1069 and an air flow outlet 1059. Bolts 1067 secure the housing portions 1062, 1063 together and provide a compressive force to the sealing device 1002.

[0074] Note that in Figure 12 In the depiction of , inlet 1069 is in portion 1062, and outlet 1059 is in portion 1063. In some embodiments, inlet 1069 and outlet 1059 can both be positioned in a single housing portion (e.g., portion 1063), with another portion 1062 serving as a detachable access cover and being shaped to provide a pressure seal.

[0075] As described above, reader 1094 can be mounted on or in housing 1061. When the filter element is fully inserted into the housing, the tag on the filter element can be close enough to reader 1094 to exchange wireless communication. In some embodiments, reader 1094 can be in electrical communication with contact pads 1095 including electrical contacts 1096.

[0076] Now refer to Figure 13 , shows an exploded perspective view of a filter assembly 1340 that includes a filter head 1344 and a spin-on cartridge filter 1346. The filter head 1344 is capable of operably receiving the spin-on cartridge filter 1346 and a filter bowl cartridge filter (not shown). By "operably receiving" is meant that the filter head 1344 includes appropriate structure for engaging the spin-on cartridge filter 1346 so that the fluid to be cleaned is directed through the appropriate passages and cleans the fluid as intended. Reference Figure 13 , the spin-on cartridge filter 1346 includes a disposable housing 1350 and a baffle 1352. The housing 1350 defines a filter interior that permanently holds a non-replaceable cartridge filter (filter element). In some embodiments, the filter head 1344 includes an end face 1345.

[0077] Baffle 1352 includes a plurality of apertures 1342 to allow fluid to flow from filter head 1344 into the interior volume of spin-on cartridge filter 1346 .

[0078] The filter head 1344 includes a block 1358 including a continuous outer wall member 1360 forming an outer tube surrounding an inner volume. The filter head block 1358 can define a first port (which is the inlet port in a forward flow system), a second port (which is the outlet port in a forward flow system), and an inner or center tube (which is within the inner volume and circumferentially surrounded by the outer tube).

[0079] In some embodiments, the outer surface 1372 can have a first mechanical connection structure 1374. The first mechanical connection structure 1374 includes many types of devices. Examples of these possible devices include threads, bayonet connections, bead-and-groove connections, and the like. In the particular embodiment shown, the first connection structure 1374 includes a first plurality of threads 1376. In this particular embodiment, the first plurality of threads 1376 is located on the outer surface 1372 of the wall member 1360. However, in other embodiments, the first plurality of threads can be located along the inner surface of the wall member 1360.

[0080] Spin-on cartridge filter 1346 can include a second mechanical connection 1325, which in this case is depicted as threads 1326. Threads 1326 engage with threads 1374.

[0081] A short-range wireless communication tag 1322 can be associated with, such as disposed on or within, the rotary cartridge filter 1346. A short-range wireless communication reader 1324 can be associated with, such as disposed on or within, the filter head 1344 or a component thereof (e.g., the wall member 1360). The reader 1324 can be configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data to and from the tag 1322 when the distance between the reader 1324 and the tag 1322 is less than or equal to the maximum communication distance between the reader 1324 and the tag 1322.

[0082] The maximum communication distance between reader 1324 and tag 1322 can be such that when rotary cartridge filter 1346 is removed from filter head 1344, the maximum distance is exceeded and communication between reader 1324 and tag 1322 ceases. In some embodiments, tag 1322 can be positioned away from the center of rotation of the rotary drum. In such embodiments, the distance between tag 1322 and reader 1324 can not only increase as rotary cartridge filter 1346 is removed during the drum removal process, but also periodically increase and decrease with each rotation of the rotary drum. In such embodiments, the rotational position of rotary cartridge filter 1346 relative to filter head 1344 affects the distance between tag 1322 and reader 1324, and therefore, communication, or lack thereof, between tag 1322 and reader 1324 can be used to assess the rotational position of rotary cartridge filter 1346 relative to filter head 1344. In some embodiments, if the spin-on cartridge filter 1346 is not fully screwed onto the filter head 1344, the distance between the tag 1322 and the reader 1324 exceeds the maximum communication distance between the two. In some embodiments, the tag 1322 and the reader 1324 are positioned so that the spin-on cartridge filter 1346 must be within 30 degrees, 25 degrees, 20 degrees, 15 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees, 3 degrees, 2 degrees, or 1 degree of a full rotation onto the filter head 1344 for communication to occur between the tag 1322 and the spin-on cartridge filter 1346. Additional aspects of the spin-on cartridge filter are described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2004 / 0079693, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0083] In some embodiments, one or more short-range wireless communication tags and readers may be positioned to allow detection of removal and / or reinstallation of a cover from a housing of a filtration system herein. Figure 14 , shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter system 1400 according to various embodiments herein, wherein a primary filter element 320 is being removed from the filter system. Filter system 1400 can include a housing 302 including a fluid inlet 310 and a fluid outlet 312, the housing defining an interior volume 314. Primary filter element 320 can be configured to be disposed within interior volume 314 of housing 302. A proximal end 330 of interior volume 314 is configured to engage with a removable cap 304, which is assembled adjacent to proximal end 330 to seal the proximal end of the housing, thereby preventing fluid from flowing through the proximal end. Removable cap 304 can engage with proximal end 330 and remain attached to the proximal end via various means or structures, including threads, a friction fit mechanism, a latch, a buckle, a snap-fit ​​mechanism, and the like.

[0084] A short-range wireless communication tag 1492 can be associated with the cover 304, such as disposed on or within the cover 304. A short-range wireless communication reader 1494 can be disposed within or on the housing 302, such as disposed on, within, or near the proximal end 330 of the housing 302. The reader 1494 can be configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data to and from the tag 1492 when the distance between the reader 1494 and the tag 1492 is less than or equal to the maximum communication distance between the reader 1494 and the tag 1492. Removal of the cover 304 from the housing may cause the distance between the reader 1494 and the tag 1492 to exceed the maximum communication distance, thereby ceasing communication between the reader and the tag. Thus, communication, or lack thereof, between the tag 1492 and the reader 1494 can be used to assess whether the cover 304 has been attached to or removed from the housing 302. The system can detect and record events such as cover removal and / or reinstallation.

[0085] Short-range wireless communication

[0086] As described above, embodiments herein may include the use of short-range wireless communication components, such as tags and readers placed on filter elements and housings in which these filter elements are mounted. The tags and readers may be arranged such that removal of the filter elements therefrom causes the tag and associated reader to be separated by a distance exceeding the pair's operating wireless communication range. Thus, removal of the filter elements from the housing in which these filter elements are mounted may be determined based on sensing the absence of communication between the wireless tag and the associated wireless reader.

[0087] Short-range wireless communication components can use a variety of communication standards / protocols and a variety of specific component configurations. However, in various embodiments herein, power is provided wirelessly to the tag component. Wireless power transfer technologies use time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Wireless power transfer technologies are primarily classified into two categories: non-radiative and radiative. In near-field or non-radiative technologies, power is transferred through a magnetic field using inductive coupling between coils of wire, or through an electric field using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. In various embodiments herein, inductive coupling is used to transfer power wirelessly to the tag component.

[0088] In some embodiments, the short-range wireless communication component herein is specifically a near-field communication (NFC) component. Near-field wireless communication utilizes electromagnetic induction between two loop antennas when NFC-enabled devices or components exchange information. Typically, NFC devices operate within the globally available, unlicensed radio frequency (ISM) band of 13.56 MHz on the ISO / IEC 18000-3 air interface at rates ranging from 106 Kbit / s to 424 Kbit / s.

[0089] NFC devices can operate in various modes, including NFC card emulation, NFC reader / writer, and NFC peer-to-peer. In various embodiments, the NFC device herein operates in reader / writer mode, where the NFC-enabled device reads information stored on NFC tags embedded in or disposed on the filter element.

[0090] According to various embodiments herein, tags can be passive data storage devices that can be read by devices such as reader devices, and in some cases written to. They typically contain data (in some cases between 96 bytes and 8,192 bytes). In some embodiments, tags are read-only, but in some embodiments, they can be rewritable. In some embodiments, tags according to embodiments herein may include an antenna consisting of a coil of wire and an integrated circuit (IC), which may include a memory circuit for data storage. In various embodiments, tags may also include a capacitor. The reader typically has its own antenna that can continuously or intermittently transmit a short-range radio frequency field.

[0091] When the tag is placed within the range of the reader, the antenna coil and capacitor (which form a tuned circuit) absorb and store energy from the magnetic field, thereby generating resonance like an electronic version of a tuning fork. This energy can be rectified into direct current, which powers the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit can send its data to the antenna coil, which transmits the data back to the reader unit via a radio frequency signal. However, it will be understood that the return signal from the tag to the reader can also be returned in various other ways, such as optical signals (including but not limited to infrared light), electromagnetic signals other than radio frequency signals, etc. In some embodiments, the reader can check whether the received information (such as an ID number) is correct and can then perform various functions. In some embodiments, the reader can cause data to be written to the tag's memory. Since all the energy to power the tag comes from the reader unit, the tag must be close to the reader to work. Therefore, the communication range between the tag and the reader is limited.

[0092] In the embodiments herein, the distance used for short-range wireless communication can vary. In some embodiments, steps can be taken to purposefully limit the range of short-range wireless communication, including but not limited to changing the size of the antenna coil, limiting the power associated with the transmission of the radio frequency field, etc. In some embodiments, the maximum short-range wireless communication distance is less than 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 inches. In some embodiments, the maximum short-range wireless communication distance is within a range, wherein any of the aforementioned distances can be used as the upper or lower limit of the range. In some embodiments, the maximum short-range wireless communication distance is less than 30, 25, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6 centimeters.

[0093] Wireless communication proximity sensing

[0094] As described above, steps can be taken to purposefully limit the range of short-range wireless communication, including but not limited to changing the size of the antenna coil, limiting the power associated with the emission of radio frequency or other electromagnetic fields, and so on. In some embodiments, the proximity of a tag to a reader can be determined by adjusting the maximum range of short-range wireless communication downward until communication is lost. For example, in some embodiments, a reader may include more than one antenna coil, each with coils of different sizes and, therefore, providing different maximum short-range wireless communication ranges. In some embodiments, the reader's different antenna coils can be energized sequentially, and the distance between the reader and the tag can then be approximated by determining which antenna coil failed to communicate with the tag. For example, if a first antenna coil is known to provide wireless communication up to 10 centimeters, and a second antenna coil is known to provide wireless communication up to 8 centimeters, and if communication using the second antenna coil fails but communication using the first antenna coil succeeds, the distance between the tag and the reader including the coils can be estimated to be between 8 and 10 centimeters. In other embodiments, the size of the wireless signal from the tag can be quantified, and the distance can then be estimated using a standard table, which can be empirically determined for the specific type of filter housing and filter element(s) being used. In some embodiments, two or more tags can be used on the same element. Tags can be set at different locations so that the distance can be approximated by seeing which tag(s) are active and which tags are not active.

[0095] Communication Mode

[0096] In various embodiments herein, a system can identify a replacement or removal event of a filter element by detecting a specific communication pattern. For example, when a filter element including a short-range wireless tag is properly installed in a filter system so that the tag is within the communication range of a corresponding short-range wireless reader disposed on or in the filter system housing, communication can occur between the two components, and the reader can record the existence of successful communication and sometimes also record a timestamp. When the filter element is removed from the housing for replacement and / or maintenance, the distance between the tag and the corresponding reader may exceed the maximum communication distance, which may cause the tag to lose power, thereby terminating communication between the tag and the corresponding reader. When the filter element is reinstalled in the filter housing, the distance between the tag and the corresponding reader will be less than the maximum communication distance, which may be sufficient to power the tag back on and allow communication between the tag and the corresponding reader to be resumed.

[0097] Thus, the communication pattern in the filter removal and replacement sequence can be characterized by a first communication active phase, followed by a phase without communication, and then a second communication active phase (e.g., an "ON-OFF-ON" pattern). A processing unit (as part of a system controller, a reader, an associated component, an external server, etc.) can monitor the communication to identify this pattern ("ON-OFF-ON") and, upon detecting the pattern, increment a counter corresponding to the filter removal / replacement event and record a date and time stamp associated with the identified pattern. The counter can reside in a memory of the reader, the tag, the system controller, or another component that is part of the filtration system or separate and / or remote therefrom.

[0098] In some embodiments, to ensure that interruptions in communication due to noise or spurious short durations are not interpreted as periods of no communication associated with actual filter removal, the processing unit may require that the duration of no communication be longer than a certain threshold. For example, in some embodiments, the length of a period of no communication must exceed 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, or 10 seconds.

[0099] It will be understood that according to various embodiments herein, patterns other than the above-described "ON-OFF-ON" pattern may also be identified. In some embodiments, patterns including but not limited to "ON-OFF," "OFF-ON," and simply "OFF" may be detected.

[0100] In some embodiments, information may be written to a memory circuit that is part of a short-range wireless communication tag after a system controller recognizes an "OFF-ON" pattern in an electrical signal received from a short-range wireless communication reader, wherein the OFF phase of the pattern corresponds to a period during which no communication occurs between the short-range wireless communication tag and the short-range wireless communication reader, and the ON phase of the pattern corresponds to a period during which communication occurs between the short-range wireless communication tag and the short-range wireless communication reader.

[0101] In some embodiments, lid opening or removal events can be detected and recorded in memory, and / or data about these events can be transmitted over a data network and stored remotely. In some embodiments, latch actuation events can be detected and recorded in memory, and / or data about these events can be transmitted over a data network and stored remotely.

[0102] In some embodiments, data about detected events (such as filter removal and / or replacement events) or detection of any pattern described herein can be written to the memory of a tag associated with the filter element(s). In this way, a filter element can be analyzed after being removed from the system to determine how many events (such as removal events and / or installation events) it has experienced. In some embodiments, processing steps such as analyzing data for patterns and then determining the occurrence of events based on the patterns can occur at the level of a reader, system controller, or another component that is part of the filtration system or is separate and / or remote therefrom, but its output (such as a count of the number of filter element removal and / or reinstallation events) can be written to the memory of the tag.

[0103] In some embodiments, one or more components of the system may be interrogated in order to collect information stored by the component. For example, as described above, in some embodiments, data such as the above-described aspects may be stored in a memory of a tag, reader, controller, or the like. The tag, reader, or controller may be interrogated in order to retrieve data therefrom. In some embodiments, a dedicated reading device may interrogate the tag on which the data is stored (and power it) in order to retrieve data from the tag. In some embodiments, the system may be queried locally or remotely in order to retrieve information from the system. However, in some embodiments, the system may be configured to push data such as the above-described aspects over a data network without first receiving a query. Such data may be pushed out substantially continuously or periodically.

[0104] Various aspects have been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Thus, the embodiments described herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that those skilled in the art may understand and appreciate the principles and practices.

[0105] It should also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the phrase "configured to" describes a system, device, or other structure that is constructed or configured to perform a particular task or adopt a particular configuration. The phrase "configured to" may be used interchangeably with other similar phrases such as arranged and configured, constructed and arranged, constructed, manufactured and arranged, and the like.

[0106] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. A filtration system comprising: a housing, the housing including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the housing defining an interior space; a first filter element configured to be removably coupled to the housing; a short-range wireless communication tag associated with the first filter element; a short-range wireless communication reader associated with the housing, the reader configured to wirelessly transmit data to and receive data from the short-range wireless communication tag when a distance between the short-range wireless communication reader and the short-range wireless communication tag is less than or equal to a communication distance; wherein removing the first filter element from the housing causes the short-range wireless communication tag to move away from the short-range wireless communication reader such that a distance between the short-range wireless communication tag and the short-range wireless communication reader exceeds the communication distance; and a system controller configured to receive an electrical signal from a short-range wireless communication reader; The system controller is configured to identify and record a pattern in the electrical signal received from the short-range wireless communication reader, the pattern including an "OFF" phase corresponding to a period during which no communication occurs between the short-range wireless communication tag and the short-range wireless communication reader, and an "ON" phase corresponding to a period during which communication occurs between the short-range wireless communication tag and the short-range wireless communication reader.

2. The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein: The interior space is configured to receive a first filter element comprising a cylindrical outer shape.

3. The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein: A fluid inlet and a fluid outlet are disposed adjacent the first end of the housing.

4. The filtration system of claim 3 , wherein the housing defines a removable cover connected to a second end of the housing, the second end being located on a side of the housing opposite the first end, wherein removal of the removable cover allows access to an aperture in the housing that is large enough for the first element to pass therethrough, and the system further comprises a short-range wireless communication tag disposed on or within the removable cover to detect a cover removal event. The filtration system of claim 4 , wherein the short-range wireless communication tag is a near field communication (NFC) tag. 6 . The filtration system of claim 4 , wherein the filtration system is configured to increment and store a count of detected cover removal events or reinstallation events.

7. The filtration system of claim 3, wherein the short-range wireless communication reader is disposed adjacent the first end of the housing.

8. The filtration system of claim 1, wherein the fluid inlet is located near a first end of the housing, and wherein the fluid outlet is located near a second end of the housing, the first end and the second end being disposed on opposite sides of the housing.

9. The filtration system of claim 1, wherein the maximum communication distance is less than or equal to 8 inches.

10. The filtration system of claim 1, wherein the maximum communication distance is less than or equal to 20 centimeters.

11. The filtration system of claim 1 , wherein the duration of the "OFF" phase exceeds 0.5 seconds.

12. The filtration system of claim 1, wherein the filtration system is configured to increment and store a count of detected filter element removal events.

13. The filtration system of claim 12, wherein the count of detected filter element removal events or reinstallation events is configured to be stored in a memory circuit that is part of a short-range wireless communication tag disposed on the first filter element.

14. The filtration system of claim 1, further comprising a latch actuation sensor, the filtration system being configured to increment and store a count of latch actuation events.

15. The filtration system of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises side walls and end walls, wherein a length of the side walls exceeds the maximum communication distance.

16. The filtration system of claim 1, wherein the short-range wireless communication tag is a near field communication (NFC) tag.

17. The filtration system of claim 1, wherein the short-range wireless communication reader is a near field communication (NFC) reader.

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