Smart fiber rope terminal, module and network technology

Abstract

An integrated smart cable module for tensile fiber strength members. The module preferably includes an integrated instrument cluster. The instrument cluster can take various forms and be used for various purposes. The module preferably includes load monitoring, recording features, and display features. These features act as a "black box" for the tensile fiber strength member, monitoring its performance and reporting (in real-time or later) any deviations or any degradation in performance or structural integrity. These features allow the operator to easily monitor the condition of the tensile fiber strength member—preferably while the tensile fiber strength member remains in use.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This non-provisional patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applications serial numbers 16 / 255,913 and 15 / 445,306, which, pursuant to 37 CFR 1.53(c), claims the benefit of an earlier provisional patent application, serial number 62 / 300,948. As of the time of this filing, the parent application remains pending.

[0003] Statement regarding federally funded research or development

[0004] not applicable.

[0005] Microfilm Appendix

[0006] Not applicable members

[0007] Smart fiber rope terminals, modules and network technologies Technical Field

[0008] This invention relates to the field of tensile strength components. More specifically, the invention includes a smart cable module that can be placed at any desired location along a tensile strength component (e.g., a rope or cable). The module preferably includes a set of instruments for purposes such as location monitoring and load monitoring, as well as other components connected to the set of instruments. Background Technology

[0009] In this disclosure, the most important term, "tensile strength member," is intended to include any member that bears a primary tensile load. The term "tensile fiber strength member" is intended to include any multifiber assembly designed to bear a primary tensile load. Ropes and cables are examples of tensile fiber strength members. In fact, the terms "rope" and "cable" are used interchangeably in this disclosure. Both are examples of "tensile fiber strength members." Both are components that readily transmit tensile force rather than compressive force. Tensile fiber strength members typically must be attached to other components to be used. Flexible cables are a good example. Most cables include some type of end fitting configured to transmit a load. For example, cables used in cranes typically include a hook at their free end. This hook can be attached to a load. The assembly of the end fitting and the portion of cable to which it is attached is generally referred to as a "terminal." The terminal is a useful point for adding the smart cable module of the present invention, but such a smart cable module can also be added at other points.

[0010] This invention can be applied to many fields using tensile fiber strength components. A non-exhaustive list of applicable fields includes offshore cranes, ship mooring, traction cranes (fixed and movable slings), power excavators (fixed and movable slings), steel reinforcement bundles for civil structures (suspension bridges, etc.), and floating structure mooring (such as offshore oil rigs).

[0011] Most high-strength cables are currently made of steel. A cable is an assembly made of multiple individual steel wires wound or braided together. End fittings (e.g., hooks) are typically attached to the cable by placing a length of cable within a cavity that extends through a portion of the end fitting. The steel wires are spread out within the end fitting and then secured within the fitting using a potting compound. The term "potting compound" refers to any substance that can change from a liquid to a solid over time. Examples include molten lead, thermoplastics, and UV-curable or thermosetting resins (such as two-component polyesters or epoxy resins). Other examples include plaster, ceramics, and cement. The term "solid" is by no means limited to those ordered crystalline structures found in most metals. In the context of this invention, the term "solid" refers to a state in which the material does not flow significantly under the influence of gravity. Thus, soft but stable wax is another example of such a solid.

[0012] Traditionally, molten lead was used as the potting compound for steel cables. Once the individual wires were unfolded within the expansion cavity of the end fitting, molten lead was injected into the cavity. The lead then cured, locking a portion of the cable within the cavity. In recent years, high-strength epoxy resin has replaced lead.

[0013] Modern cables may still be made of steel, but high-strength synthetic filaments are becoming increasingly common. The term "filament" generally refers to components with very small diameters. The term "fiber" is sometimes used for components with larger diameters. However, in this disclosure, the terms "filament" and "fiber" are used synonymously. Both are tensile elements used to construct larger "tensile fiber strength members."

[0014] The filaments used in modern tensile strength fiber components include DYNEEMA (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), SPECTRA (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), TECHNORA (treated terephthaloyl chloride), TWARON (para-aramid), KEVLAR (para-aramid), VECTRAN (liquid crystal polymer), PBO (polybenzobisoxazole), carbon fiber, and glass fiber (as well as many other fibers). Modern cables can also be made from older, lower-strength synthetic materials, such as nylon. In the case of high-strength synthetics, the thickness of a single filament is less than the thickness of a human hair. The filaments have high tensile strength but are not very rigid. They also tend to have low surface friction. These facts make these synthetic filaments difficult to handle during the addition of terminals and difficult to organize.

[0015] Hybrid cable designs are also emerging, combining traditional materials (such as steel wire) with high-strength composite materials. These present additional challenges, as the metal parts can be quite rigid, while the composite parts are not.

[0016] Those skilled in the art will recognize that cables made of synthetic filaments have a variety of different structures. In many cases, a protective sheath is provided outside the synthetic filaments. This sheath does not bear any significant tensile load, and therefore it can be made of different materials.

[0017] Most larger cables are made up of smaller cables arranged in an organized manner. The smaller cables are often referred to as “strands.” One example is a parallel core made of synthetic filaments surrounded by an outer sheath made of braided filaments. In other cases, the cable may be entirely braided. In other examples, the cable structure may be: (1) a completely parallel structure encased in a sheath made of different materials; (2) a helical “twisted” structure; (3) a more complex structure consisting of multiple helices, multiple braids, or some combination of helices and braids; or (4) a hybrid structure including metallic components.

[0018] Readers may refer to jointly owned U.S. Patent No. 8,371,015 for a more detailed description of applying attachments to sub-components of larger cables. Patent '015 explains how the individual anchors are attached to the strands, and then how the anchors are attached to a common collector to form a unified load-bearing structure.

[0019] This invention is not limited to multi-strand terminals. Any form of terminal can be used, such as a single socket. All illustrated exemplary embodiments include multi-strand terminals, but this should not be considered limiting. The specifically described embodiments primarily relate to members with greater tensile strength due to the preference for multi-stranded fibers. However, the invention is by no means limited to such tensile strength members with multi-stranded fibers.

[0020] Modern high-performance tensile fiber strength components combine synthetic fibers (pure or blended forms) to provide the same strength as steel cables, but with significantly reduced weight. For long-distance lifting operations, the weight of the cable often exceeds the weight of the payload. The reduction in cable weight directly leads to an increase in payload. The product of this invention described herein will most commonly be used in high-strength cables (5 tons to 2000 tons or even higher). These applications are often inherently critical. Therefore, incorporating a smart cable module is very useful, as it can monitor the cable's condition during operation. This invention provides this capability. Summary of the Invention

[0021] This invention includes an integrated smart cable module for tensile fiber strength components. The module preferably includes an integrated instrument cluster. This instrument cluster can take various forms and can be used for a variety of purposes.

[0022] This module preferably includes load monitoring features, recording features, and display features. These features act as a "black box" for the tensile fiber strength member, monitoring its performance and reporting (in real time or later) any deterioration exceeding or affecting its performance or structural integrity. These features allow the operator to easily monitor the condition of the tensile fiber strength member—preferably while the tensile fiber strength member remains in use. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is an exploded perspective view showing an exemplary smart anchor manufactured according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a front sectional view showing one type of thread terminal that can be used.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a frontal sectional view showing a representative instrument that can be added to the end of a strand.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view showing one possible structure of a multi-strand cable.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a plan view showing the collector.

[0028] Figure 6 It is an exploded perspective view that shows additional features of the shell and collector.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a front sectional view, which shows a version using a separate collector and shell.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a front sectional view, which shows the use of Figure 7 A complete component of the parts.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing a representative set of instruments used in the terminal of this invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a frontal sectional view, which shows another embodiment of the terminal of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 11 It is a perspective view showing the end of the invention with a thruster.

[0034] Figure 12It is a front sectional view showing a threaded terminal with embedded sensing / communication elements.

[0035] Figure 13 It is a perspective view showing the placement of a payload in a deep-water lifting environment using the terminal of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 14 It is a perspective view showing the addition of an external camera. Figure 13 Components.

[0037] Figure 15 It is a perspective view showing the addition of a pair of ROV storage areas and ROVs to the smart cable terminal.

[0038] Figure 16 It is a perspective view that shows the operation. Figure 15 One of the ROVs.

[0039] Figure 17 It is a perspective view that shows different payload configurations.

[0040] Figure 18 This is a front view, showing the typical structure of a braided cable.

[0041] Figure 19 It is a perspective view showing how the strands of the cable can be loosened to expose the central gaps and gaps between the individual strands.

[0042] Figure 20 This is a perspective view showing an exemplary smart cable module configured to fit into the central gap of a braided cable.

[0043] Figure 21 This is a front sectional view showing the installation inside the cable. Figure 20 The intelligent cable module.

[0044] Figure 22 This is a front sectional view showing the use of a clamping collar to... Figure 21 The modules remain in place.

[0045] Figure 23 This is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a smart cable module including radial pins to stabilize the position of the smart cable module.

[0046] Figure 24 This is a front view showing an embodiment of a smart cable module configured to clip onto the outside of a cable.

[0047] Figure 25 This is a front view showing the use of multiple smart cable modules along the cable in marine lifting applications.

[0048] Figure 26 It is a perspective view that shows how the smart cable module can be added to any desired location along the length of the cable.

[0049] Figure 27 It is an exploded perspective view showing the addition of a smart cable module to a section of cable.

[0050] Figure 28 This is a front view, showing that two smart cable modules have been added to a section of cable.

[0051] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a host-based network between the smart cable module and other systems.

[0052] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a masterless network between smart cable modules and other systems.

[0053] Figure 31 It is a perspective view showing the smart cable module integrated into the ship's mooring system.

[0054] Figure 32 It is a floor plan, which shows Figure 31 The system.

[0055] Figure 33 It is a perspective view showing the integration of the smart cable module in the terminal of a small, single strand of wire.

[0056] Figure 34 It is a front sectional view, which shows Figure 33 Internal details of the embodiments.

[0057] Figure 35 This is a front view, which shows an exemplary graphical user interface.

[0058] Figure 36 This is an exploded perspective view showing the pressure-based sensors included in the smart cable module.

[0059] Figure 37 It is a sectional view showing the installation in the cable. Figure 36 Components.

[0060] Figure 38 It is used for calibration Figure 35 A graph showing the pressure versus applied tension measured during the process of an exemplary smart cable module.

[0061] Figure 39 It is a sectional view, which shows Figure 35 Alternative embodiments of the intelligent cable module.

[0062] Figure 40This is a front view showing a set of smart cable modules, each mounted on a separate cable strand.

[0063] Figure 41 It is a partial sectional view, showing the passage through Figure 40 The cross-section of a cable module.

[0064] Figure 42 This is a front view showing the addition of a pair of collars. Figure 40 Examples of implementations.

[0065] Figure 43 This is a front view, which shows... Figure 42 One embodiment of the invention includes an added collar for integrated use.

[0066] Figure 44 It is a cross-sectional view showing a pressure-based sensor added near the end terminal.

[0067] Figure 45 is a plan view showing a mooring cable of the prior art.

[0068] Figure 46 This is a plan view showing the smart cable module configured for the mooring cable of Figure 45.

[0069] Figure 47 It is a sectional view, which shows Figure 46 Examples of implementations.

[0070] Figure 48 This is an exploded perspective view that shows additional details of the mooring cable embodiment.

[0071] Figure 49 This is a front sectional view, which shows additional details of the mooring cable embodiment.

[0072] Figure 50 This is a cross-sectional view showing a smart cable module configured to utilize strain measurements near the end terminal.

[0073] Figure 51 It is a perspective view showing a communication network using smart cable modules.

[0074] Figure 52 It is a perspective view showing the strain-based measurement component.

[0075] Figure 53 This is a front view showing the cable being installed. Figure 52 Components.

[0076] Figure 54 This is an exploded perspective view showing the installation in the smart cable module. Figure 52 Components.

[0077] Figure 55 This is a front view showing the cable installed in the smart cable module. Figure 52 Components.

[0078] Figure 56 It is a perspective view showing a strain-based measuring component with an oblong / oval shape.

[0079] Figure 57 It is an exploded perspective view showing the strain-based measuring component, which has a strain gauge mounted in a transverse hollow tube.

[0080] Figure 58 It is an exploded perspective view, showing the view from different advantageous angles. Figure 57 Components.

[0081] Figure 59 It is a frontal sectional view, which shows the positions of the transverse tube and the strain gauge inside the transverse tube.

[0082] Figure 60 It is an exploded perspective view that shows an alternative method of installing a transverse tube in the cable.

[0083] Figure 61 It is a perspective view showing the assembly state. Figure 60 Examples of implementations.

[0084] Figure 62 It is a front sectional view showing the collar that is clamped outside the cable and connected to the inside of the cable.

[0085] Figure 63 This is a front view, which shows... Figure 62 Two-piece collar.

[0086] Figure 64 It is a perspective view showing the measurement system using a deformable tube.

[0087] Reference numerals in the attached figures

[0088] 10 cables

[0089] 12-line stocks

[0090] 18 Anchors

[0091] 20 Cavity

[0092] 22 Filling area

[0093] 24 Loading studs

[0094] 26 External thread

[0095] 28 Threaded joint

[0096] 30-line stock terminal

[0097] 34 Collectors

[0098] 38 Reception Department

[0099] 40 nuts

[0100] 44 half bearing

[0101] 46 Opening

[0102] 48 through holes

[0103] 50 Central opening

[0104] 64-Stock Midline Collector

[0105] 66 Distal line stock collector

[0106] 68 Load Sensors

[0107] 70 Sheath

[0108] 72 cores

[0109] 74 Casing

[0110] 76 U-shaped connector structure

[0111] 78 Horizontal holes

[0112] 80 bolts

[0113] 82 Reception Department

[0114] 84 Grooves

[0115] 86 Cavity

[0116] 88 First Instrument Group

[0117] 90 Second Instrument Group

[0118] 92 Connector

[0119] 94-chip terminal

[0120] 96 batteries

[0121] 98 power supply

[0122] 100 Inertial Measurement System

[0123] 102 processor

[0124] 104 Memory

[0125] 106 External Power Connector

[0126] 108 External Data Connector

[0127] 110 Acoustic Antenna

[0128] 112 Acoustic transducer

[0129] 114 I / O ports

[0130] 116 I / O ports

[0131] 118 I / O ports

[0132] 120 load sensor

[0133] 122 Load Sensor

[0134] 124 Load Sensor

[0135] 126 I / O ports

[0136] 128 Pressure Sensor

[0137] 130 Temperature Sensor

[0138] 132 Intelligent Cable Terminal

[0139] 134 Thruster Controller

[0140] 136 Salinity Sensor

[0141] 138 Extended housing

[0142] 140 thrusters

[0143] 142 Ear shaft support

[0144] 144 Sensing / Communication Elements

[0145] 146 sensors

[0146] 148 sensor leads

[0147] 150 sensor leads

[0148] 160 potting surface

[0149] 162 payloads

[0150] 164 Lifting lever

[0151] 166 connector

[0152] 168 cable

[0153] 170 cameras

[0154] 172 ROV Storage Area

[0155] 174 ROV

[0156] 176 ROV Storage Area

[0157] 178 ROV

[0158] 180 series

[0159] 182 connector

[0160] 184 cable

[0161] 186 connector

[0162] 188 handle feet

[0163] 190 slings

[0164] 192 Release Agency

[0165] 194 pallets

[0166] 196 Legs

[0167] 198 Central Gap

[0168] 200-line gap between stocks

[0169] 202 Intelligent Cable Module

[0170] 204 Communication Line Stocks

[0171] 206 connector

[0172] 208 Module Housing

[0173] 210 Protruding part

[0174] 212 Clamping collar

[0175] 214 Radial pins

[0176] 216 Half-shell

[0177] 218 Half Shell

[0178] 220 antenna

[0179] 222 External display

[0180] 224 ships

[0181] 226 Through Hole

[0182] 228 Nut

[0183] 230 Master Nodes

[0184] 232 nodes

[0185] 234 Control Computer

[0186] 240 ships

[0187] 242 bollards

[0188] 244 mooring cable

[0189] 246 Slings

[0190] 248 Transition Section

[0191] 250 mooring struts

[0192] Pier 252

[0193] 254 winch

[0194] 256 controller

[0195] 258 Terminal

[0196] 260 Anchors

[0197] 262 Loading flange

[0198] 264 antennas

[0199] 266 Strain Gauge

[0200] 268 Connector

[0201] 270 monitor

[0202] 272 Window-type monitor

[0203] 274 Mooring Cable Identification Data

[0204] 276 Monitoring Parameters

[0205] 278 Encapsulation Transition Section

[0206] 280 filament limit

[0207] 282 Pressure Vessel

[0208] 284 Transition Cover

[0209] 286 Transition Cover

[0210] 288 protrusions

[0211] 290 Pressure Transducer

[0212] 292 Instrument Group

[0213] 294 antennas

[0214] 296 Newtonian fluids

[0215] 298 convex platform

[0216] 300 boss

[0217] 302 Overmolded Transition Cap

[0218] 304 Integrated Cable Module

[0219] 306 Module Cover

[0220] 308 collar

[0221] 310 rings

[0222] 312 Interlacing section

[0223] 314 rings

[0224] 316 Main Body

[0225] 318 Cover

[0226] 320 Entrance

[0227] 322 First Passage

[0228] 324 Second Channel

[0229] 326 Separator

[0230] 328 gap

[0231] 330 Web

[0232] 332 gap

[0233] 334 Strain Gauge

[0234] 335 Collector

[0235] 336 Rings

[0236] 338 shield

[0237] 340 Transition Cover

[0238] 342 Transition Cover

[0239] 344 Collector

[0240] 346 rings

[0241] 348. Bent shoulders

[0242] 350 oil platform

[0243] 352 Anchor Cable

[0244] 354 Pressure Vessel

[0245] 356 Positioning Blade

[0246] 358 strain gauge

[0247] 360 Horizontal Plane

[0248] 362 Longitudinal axis

[0249] 364 Vertical axis

[0250] 366 Horizontal axis

[0251] 368 Instrument Group

[0252] 370 antenna

[0253] 372 Pressure Vessel

[0254] 374 Indicator Panel

[0255] 376 Horizontal Pipe

[0256] 378 Orienteering Cap

[0257] 380 electrical contacts

[0258] 382 puncture pieces

[0259] 384 threaded shaft

[0260] 386 channels

[0261] 388 Instrument Group

[0262] 390 antenna

[0263] 392 Hat Receiving Department

[0264] 394 holes

[0265] 396 Clamping Receiving Section

[0266] 398 Washer

[0267] 400 bolts

[0268] 402 retaining clip

[0269] 404 strain gauge

[0270] 406 Instrument Housing

[0271] Channel 408

[0272] Channel 410

[0273] 412 bracket

[0274] 413 holes

[0275] 414 strips

[0276] 416 deformable tube

[0277] 418 ring

[0278] 420 Groove

[0279] 422 Link Detailed Implementation

[0280] Figure 1 An exploded view of an exemplary smart cable module is provided, configured to be located near one end of a tensile fiber strength member (in this case, a cable). Therefore, the smart module in this example is referred to as a "smart cable terminal." Smart cable terminal 132 is... Figure 1 The components are shown in disassembled form. The particular cable 10 shown has nine individual strands 12 surrounding a core. All these components are contained within an outer sheath. A portion of the sheath is removed to expose the individual strands and the core. Strand terminals 30 are secured to the end of each individual strand 12. Each strand terminal 30 is then attached to a collector 34.

[0281] The smart cable terminal 132 is configured to attach to external components (e.g., loads lifted and placed by a crane). Connecting features can be added to the collector 34. However, in the illustrated version, the connecting features (U-joint structure 76) are incorporated as part of a separate housing 74. The housing 74 is connected to the collector 34. Using this method, the tension carried by the strands 12 is transferred to the collector 34, then to the housing 74, and finally to the external component via the U-joint structure 76.

[0282] In addition to carrying the load of the cables, the housing 74 in this embodiment also provides additional internal space for accommodating one or more instrument clusters. These instrument clusters allow the integrated terminal to become a "smart" terminal, which will be described later.

[0283] The intermediate strand collector 64 slides on the open strands and attaches to the outer periphery of the collector 34. The distal strand collector 66 (divided into two halves in this version) clamps onto the smaller end of the intermediate strand collector and seals the interface between the intermediate strand collector and the sheath portion of the cable. These components guide the strands from their configuration in the cable to the "open" state near the collector 34.

[0284] Figure 2This is a front cross-sectional view showing an exemplary structure of the strand terminal 30. Individual filaments (which may be one million or more filaments in the case of improved synthetic materials) within the strand 12 are connected to the anchor 18, for example, by encapsulating a length of filament within a cavity 20 to form an encapsulation region 22. A loading stud 24 is connected to the anchor 18 via a threaded engagement 28. The loading stud is equipped with a suitable force transmission feature, in this example, an external thread 26. This assembly thereby transfers tensile loads from the strand 12 to the loading stud 24.

[0285] Figure 3 This is a front sectional view depicting an exemplary connection between strand terminal 30 and collector 34. In this version, a ball-and-socket connection is used. An opening 46 extends through collector 34 at an angle. A hemispherical receiving portion 38 is disposed in the portion of the opening opposite to the strand. A half-bearing 44 is located in receiving portion 38. A loading stud 24 passes through half-bearing 44. A load sensor 68 is placed on top of half-bearing 44. A nut 40 secures the assembly in place. Each individual strand terminal includes its own adjusting nut. These nuts can be used to individually distribute the total tension between the strands. The load sensor 68 provides an electrical output corresponding to the amount of compressive load it is currently bearing. Each individual strand terminal is preferably provided with a load sensor so that the load on each strand can be monitored. In this example, the smart cable module receives and monitors the information from the load sensor. It can also place this information in a suitable communication format and transmit it to an external monitoring system.

[0286] The load sensor shown in this version is an example of any load / stress / strain sensing device integrated into the load path of a cable or strand. Other types of devices may be used instead. As another example, a pressure sensing device may be located within an encapsulated area inside an anchor. As yet another example, a strain gauge may be attached to the outer surface of a strand end. In the context of this application, the term "strain gauge" refers to any device that responds to strain applied to an object to which the strain gauge is attached.

[0287] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary cable assembly of the type shown. This particular cable has 10 sub-groups—core 72 surrounded by 9 strands 12. An optional sheath 70 can be provided to surround and protect other components. While cable sheaths are not common in deep-water deployment and lifting applications (primarily due to inspection limitations), with the advancement of sensing technology, an outer sheath can be an advantageous feature. Outer sheaths are more common in other applications.

[0288] Figure 5 A plan view of collector 34 is depicted (with) Figure 1(The version shown is the same). The central opening 50 receives the core 72. Nine openings 46 are provided for the nine strands 12. Nine through holes 48 are provided for bolts used to attach the collector to the housing.

[0289] Figure 6 A perspective view of the collector 34 and the housing 74 is provided. The reader will notice how the nine through holes 48 in the collector align with the nine receiving portions 82 in the housing 74. Each receiving portion 82 includes internal threads. Nine bolts 80 pass through the collector and into the nine threaded receiving portions 82 in the housing. The bolts are then tightened to secure the collector to the housing 74.

[0290] In this example, the housing 74 is machined as a single piece. It includes a U-shaped connector structure 76 with a transverse hole 78. It is configured to receive a handle and a pin for attaching the housing to external components. One example of an external component is a payload for raising, lowering, and moving the cable terminal to which the invention is used. In many cases, additional rigging (such as slings) and hardware will be added to the U-shaped connector structure shown. Therefore, the U-shaped connector structure should be considered exemplary rather than limiting.

[0291] The housing 74 includes one or more internal recesses 84, which can be used to accommodate one or more instrument groups. Figure 7 A front sectional view of the collector 34 and the housing 74 is shown. A cavity 86 is provided in the housing portion facing the collector. One or more additional recesses may be provided, where structural strength requirements permit. In the example shown, two such recesses 84 are provided.

[0292] Ideally, space should be provided for the instrument within the integrated terminal itself. However, any available area around the integrated terminal can be used as space for the instrument—provided it is adequately protected (for applications requiring such protection). The instrument's protective enclosure need not be the same as that used for the integrated terminal. The housing 74 is preferably very robust and, in some cases, can be sealed to withstand water and / or water pressure. Given that most instruments are sensitive to water and / or deep-water operating pressures, it is generally necessary to establish boundaries for marine lift applications (other applications do not require pressure resistance but may still require dust protection). This can be achieved, for example, within the housing 74, or separately / individually between components of the instrument group. For example, for this purpose, the power supply and sensors can have independently sealed packages. The housing 74 will no longer require an overall seal.

[0293] Users will Figure 7 Note how the bolt 80 is placed in the through hole 48 and screwed into the receiving part 82. Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a component manufactured according to the present invention is shown (the cross-section is taken from...). Figure 7(Using the same plane). In this example, core terminal 94 is located at the end of core 72. The core terminal is fixed within the central opening 50 of collector 34. In this version, core 72 is not intended to withstand significant tension. The core accommodates communication and / or power lines extending along the entire length of the cable or, in some cases, along a portion of the cable.

[0294] The first instrument group 88 and the second instrument group 90 are contained within the housing 74. These instrument groups are connected to elements (e.g., fiber optic cables and electrical conductors) in the core 72. The instrument groups are also connected (in this version) to load sensors to monitor the load / load on each individual strand. As is known to those skilled in the art of deep-water jacking, auxiliary service lines of power, communication, data, air, fluid, or any other form can be added to the strength members to enhance the service environment of the intelligent cable module. These service lines can take on numerous / various configurations, such as within the strands, between the strands, within layers of the sheath, temporarily wound and unwound around the outside of the cable, etc. The proposed invention is not limited to any particular cable design. However, adding auxiliary service lines can significantly increase the advantages of the terminal of the invention.

[0295] As an example of the above, the addition of fiber optic cables and, in some cases, power within the riser cable can allow for high-speed data transmission for real-time position feedback or for the operation of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and / or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In this context, the smart terminal can more easily become the power and / or communication hub for additional machines and / or equipment operating at a certain depth.

[0296] Readers will also notice that, Figure 8 In this example, the intermediate strand collector 64 has been attached to the outer periphery of collector 34. The combination of these elements (see...) Figure 1 The housing, collectors, intermediate strand collectors, distal strand collectors, and cables form a robust protective assembly. Figure 8 As shown, the instrument cluster and related connections are well protected within a very robust surrounding structure. This configuration is preferred because cable terminals are often exposed to harsh environments. As previously mentioned, the housing can take many shapes and forms, including stand-alone or attached housings that are not within the terminal enclosure.

[0297] The instrument group may include a variety of electronic devices. Figure 9Exemplary embodiments are illustrated schematically to aid the reader's understanding. The reader should first recall that some versions will include an external power supply and / or communication connection, while others will not. Unconnected versions will operate on internal power and may store information for later download or send pulsed information to other sources at intervals or as needed (e.g., a strand integrity breach alarm that sends a signal to an acoustic transmitter to communicate with an external receiver). Connected versions can transmit information via cable during use (e.g., to a receiver on a surface vessel). Figure 9 The version with external connectivity is shown (meaning it is designed to maintain communication via cable).

[0298] The instrument group may contain only analog devices. One example is a load sensor circuit that transmits detected values ​​via cable. However, in most cases, it is preferable to include digital devices, such as one or more processors, within the smart cable module itself. These digital devices can be used to convert information into a digital format, facilitating storage and transmission. Figure 9 The example uses digital circuits.

[0299] Ideally, processor 102 is a programmable device capable of running suitable software. The processor includes associated memory 104. The memory is preferably non-volatile, so that it can retain data over time even during power outages. Power supply 98 provides stable power to all components shown (power connections not shown). The power supply can draw input power from battery 96, from external power connector 106, or from both battery 96 and external power connector 106. Furthermore, it can also draw power from backup power sources such as subsea auxiliary power supplies or ROV routers.

[0300] An inertial measurement system 100 (“IMS”) provides position and orientation data to the processor. Preferably, the inertial measurement system provides complete six degrees of freedom information. In conventional terms, this means that the IMS provides information such as X-axis position, Y-axis position, Z-axis position, roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle. The IMS may also provide information such as the rate of change of these values. The information provided by the IMS allows the processor to “know” the position and orientation of the intelligent module in space. Of course, this assumes that accurate initial information (initial values ​​of all six state variables) is provided. Providing initial state information is well understood in the art. As an example, the terminal can be placed in an initial “zeroing” fixture. After zeroing, the cable connected to the terminal is lifted by a boom on a crane and put into use to move the payload.

[0301] IMS is not limited to any particular type of system. Such systems traditionally use rotating gyroscopes combined with linear accelerometers. However, solid-state solutions are preferred due to potentially limited internal space at the terminal. A preferred embodiment would likely employ a "ring laser gyroscope." As those skilled in the art will know, these devices are not gyroscopes at all. Instead, each individual ring laser measures the interference between backpropagating laser beams to sense angular velocity. Mathematical functions are used to convert angular velocity into angular position. Where lower accuracy is required, MEMS devices (microelectromechanical systems) can be used to monitor roll, pitch, and yaw motions.

[0302] Linear accelerometers (essentially highly accurate force detectors) are used to measure linear acceleration, which is then integrated to determine position (X, Y, and Z). For applications requiring high precision, three orthogonal ring laser assemblies and multiple linear accelerometers are used. An IMS typically contains its own internal processor and memory. These units integrate the received data to produce values ​​for six state variables. Alternatively, raw data can be fed from the IMS to the processor, which can then perform the integration function.

[0303] Readers should remember that not all embodiments of the invention include a complete six-DOF IMS. For example, some embodiments may provide only position data without any attitude data. Other embodiments may provide attitude data that does not involve position. Still others may completely omit the IMS.

[0304] Multiple input / output ports 114, 116, 118, and 126 are provided for the processor. I / O port 114 provides a connection to communication connector 108. In this example, the communication connector provides a hardwired connection to the far end of the cable. For example, if the cable is released from a ship's crane, the far end of the cable will remain on the ship, and the communication connector will allow real-time communication between the ship and the terminal (even if the terminal may be thousands of meters below the sea surface).

[0305] I / O (input / output) port 116 connects processor 102 to acoustic transducer 112. The acoustic transducer is connected to acoustic antenna 110. This is a device used for submarine communication. It allows the terminal to send sonar-like signals to other devices. The terminal can also receive these signals from external sources. This type of communication device is just one example, as it is one of many potential technologies that can be used to send or receive information. As an example, for vertical rigging on a traction crane, communication is preferably via radio signals, and in this application, antenna 110 would be an R / F antenna.

[0306] I / O port 118 connects multiple load sensors 120, 122, and 124 (feeding load data from individual strands) to processor 102 (which can replace any type of load / load sensor). I / O port 126 connects multiple sensors to the processor. In this example, it connects pressure sensor 128, temperature sensor 130, and salinity sensor 136. These are just examples of the various types of sensors that can be incorporated into an instrument cluster. These can be housed within a housing or stand alone. In some cases, they may be completely independent, such as those on underwater infrastructure, and may simply transmit data to the instrument cluster.

[0307] Simply return Figure 8 The reader will notice numerous wire connectors 92 connected to the load sensor that monitors the load on the core and the cable strands. The processor is able to use these connectors to monitor position and load information and transmit this data back to the far end of the cable via electrical and / or optical connectors in the core 72. Of course, if the terminal is designed as a standalone system without power and / or communication transmitted down the cable, the data is simply stored for retrieval on the ship's side or transmitted as needed. In this case, power is provided by a readily available local power source.

[0308] exist Figure 9 In the version shown, the intelligent cable module is configured for deep-water lifting operations. The exemplary terminal is equipped with a pair of thrusters that provide limited positioning adjustments—controlling both the cable's twisting as it moves down the water column and the payload's positioning as it approaches the seabed connection point. A thruster controller 134 controls the thrust and orientation provided by the thrusters. As shown, the thruster controller is integrated with a processor 102.

[0309] Figure 11 A perspective view of the complete terminal assembly, including a series of thrusters 140, is provided. Each thruster can pivot independently about its trunnion support 142. In this embodiment, each thruster can also be accelerated / decelerated and reversed. The orientation and affixation of the thrusters can vary considerably, and they do not necessarily have to be integrated into the terminal housing. For example, these thrusters can be mounted on a large external frame. In other cases, auxiliary thrusters or position orientation devices can also be mounted on the actual payload.

[0310] Figure 13A view of a smart terminal 132 attached to a representative payload 162 in a deep-water lifting scenario is shown. A lifting handle 164 on the payload is connected to a U-joint assembly via a pin. Cable 10 suspends the assembly from a crane located on a surface vessel. A thruster 140 provides selective lateral and torsional movement on the seabed and ensures the cable does not twist as it travels back and forth across the vessel through alternating water columns. This helps ensure the cable's integrity remains intact, especially for synthetic and hybrid ropes.

[0311] Surface vessel crane control systems include stabilization functions commonly referred to as "anti-heave" features. These are designed to minimize wave-induced motion of the payload at the cable end. However, these anti-heave functions in the prior art lack useful information about the attached payload at the end and its exact motion when it is at depth. Instead, they attempt to compensate using only information about the surface vessel's motion. This is challenging when navigating deep water. This is especially important when using synthetic fibers, as delayed elastic responses are more difficult to predict. In this invention (for embodiments including real-time data transmission), the end can transmit precise motion and position information, which can then be used by the surface anti-heave system or online equipment.

[0312] Figure 10 Another embodiment is shown where communication is not via cable. The extended / expanded housing 138 includes a larger cavity 86. A large battery 96 is disposed within this cavity. The battery powers the instrument cluster, payload sensors, and other power-dependent items. In this version, the instrument cluster is more akin to an aircraft's "black box" (flight data recorder). An external port (not shown) is provided so that the battery can be charged and internally stored data can be downloaded when the terminal is in use. Of course, wireless options can also be used for battery charging and data downloading (e.g., inductive connection).

[0313] Other components can be provided to actively monitor the condition of load cables (in contrast to inferring their condition from the load applied to them). Figure 12One embodiment is shown in which the cable strand 12 includes embedded sensing / communication elements 144. These elements are designed for monitoring the condition of the cable (although they could also be used for communication). In the illustrated version, these elements are optical fibers extending from one end of the cable to the other. Light is applied to the distal end of the cable. Sensor 146 measures the transmitted light, and sensor lead 148 passes through a load stud, transmitting this information to a processor (sensor lead 150 transmits load sensor information). The optical fiber is sized to break when the cable is under excessive stress. Alternatively, if the cable is damaged or cut during operation, the interrupted light will indicate a potential hazard. Therefore, a reduction in light transmission indicates excessive cable stress. This example is one of many possible configurations. The optical fiber could pass through a sheath, extend downwards along the center of the rope, and so on. Alternatively, a similar function could be achieved using an electrical conductor—providing strain or pass / fail criteria for cable damage. It is worth noting that in all cases, the terminal can help collect or transmit relevant information to determine the operational condition of the jacking cable. In the event of a detected problem, it can be further used to communicate hazards to surface vessels and / or other underwater equipment.

[0314] Most damage to tensile fiber strength members, especially synthetic fiber cables, occurs in the last few meters of the cable (when it reaches the terminal). In the case of subsea operations, the damage is caused by the ROV operating in that area. Therefore, in some embodiments, the sensing / communication element 144 may be included only in this section of the cable. One approach is to embed a 20-meter-long loop of conductive material and then monitor for breaks in that material (e.g., by monitoring increased resistance).

[0315] The sensors and other components provided within the smart cable terminal do not need to be directly connected to the terminal itself. Figure 14 The placement scenario, where a downward view from payload 162 is required, is illustrated. Camera 170 is mounted on payload 162 to provide a good downward view. Cable 168 is attached to connector 166 on camera 172 and smart cable terminal 132. In this configuration, video data is fed into the instrument cluster within the terminal and then transmitted to the surface vessel via cable 10. The video data is used to guide payload placement. When the payload is released from smart cable terminal 132, the camera and cable can remain with the payload. Connector 166 facilitates this separation (by being designed to reliably pull out when a specific separation force is applied).

[0316] Figure 15 and 16Another embodiment using an ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) is shown. ROVs are commonly used in seabed lifting operations to guide and place payloads. These ROVs typically use a different cable for descent and control than the cable used to lift the payload. Many ROVs are lowered to their working positions in a protected “ROV storage area.” The ROV storage area may contain tethers connected to the ROVs. The tethers are typically released from a reel when needed. The tethers can carry power, two-way data signals, and air or fluid pressure. In recent years, autonomous underwater vehicles (“AUVs”) have been replacing ROVs in some applications. In this disclosure, the term “ROV” should be understood to include both ROVs and AUVs. AUVs typically do not have tethers, but they can still be deployed from the storage area and are often recharged there.

[0317] Figure 15 One embodiment is shown in which two ROV storage areas 172, 176 are connected to a smart cable terminal 132. Each ROV storage area contains ROVs 174, 178. Using this system, the ROVs descend with the payload. The ROVs can be used to manipulate the position and orientation of the payload, as well as to operate other systems such as mechanisms for releasing the payload from the cable. The ROVs can also provide video data so that the surface operator can see the status of the payload and its surrounding environment.

[0318] Figure 16 The same components of ROV 174 after it has left its storage area 172 are shown. ROV 174 can be manipulated as needed. It contains multiple thrusters that allow the ROV to orient itself in the desired direction and provide force in that direction. Information about the ROV's status can be sent back to the ROV storage area 172 via tether 180. This information can then be fed into the instrument cluster within the smart cable terminal 132 (and possibly the spare cable 10).

[0319] Direct communication can also be established between the payload and the smart cable terminal. Figure 16 In this version, cable 184 connects connector 182 on the terminal to connector 186 on the payload. For example, if the payload includes a release mechanism, this connection can be used to instruct the payload to release itself from smart cable terminal 132. Then, as the smart cable terminal is lifted in a direction away from the payload, cable 184 detaches itself.

[0320] Figure 17A more common configuration of the payload is depicted. In this version, the payload 162 rests on top of a standard pallet 194 with four legs 196. Rigging is used to properly suspend the load. In this case, four slings 190 extend along the sides of the payload and downwards to the pallet. The four slings are connected to foot 188, which is connected to a smart cable terminal. A release mechanism 192 is provided to selectively release the foot 188.

[0321] When the component reaches its destination (e.g., the seabed), the release mechanism 192 is actuated, and the shank and sling are released freely from the smart cable terminal. The release mechanism can be driven by an instrument cluster in the terminal. Alternatively, it can be released via an ROV. The rigging can remain on the payload indefinitely. In an alternative configuration, an ROV can be used to dismantle and retrieve the rigging.

[0322] As explained at the beginning, the smart cable module of the present invention can be positioned at any desired point along the cable. The example above is located near the end of the cable. In the following example, the smart cable terminal is located at a point between cable terminals.

[0323] Figure 18 A front view of a cable braided with 12 strands is shown. The 12 strands are interwoven to form the pattern shown. As those skilled in the art know, the structure of such a cable can be loosened to allow access to the interior of the cable. This process is used when a length of cable is braided back into itself to form an eye (see, for example, commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 9,791,337).

[0324] Figure 19 The strands have been loosened to reveal the central gap 198 in the cable. Figure 18 The cable. The loosening process also creates many individual strand gaps of 200. Figure 20 An embodiment of a smart cable module is shown, configured to be inserted into the center of a braided cable. The smart cable module 202 has a smoothly shaped module housing 208. In this version, communication strands 204 extend downwards along the center of the braided cable. Connectors 206 are provided at each end of the module housing 208. These connectors connect devices within the module housing 208 to the communication strands 204.

[0325] Module housing 208 typically contains a processor and other related digital devices—for example, in Figure 9 Those shown in the diagram. Figure 21A view of a smart cable module 202 installed within cable 10 is shown. The cable is cut off in the view (near the smart module). A communication strand 204 runs downward through the core of the cable and connects to the module housing 208. Multiple smart cable modules can be provided along the length of the cable, and the communication strand 204 provides communication between these modules and to external devices. Once the module is in place, the strand is laid on the module in the same configuration as the rest of the cable. The perimeter of the cable is shown in the view as a dashed line (protrusion 210). From the outside of the cable, there is a noticeable protrusion near the smart cable module. However, the smart cable module itself is protected within the strand.

[0326] There are several ways to install such as Figure 21 The smart cable module is shown. One approach is to install the module during cable creation. A cable braiding machine braids strands around the core. In some cases, the core is empty (spacer mandrels can be used during manufacturing). In other cases, the core contains "filler" strands. During braiding, communication strands can be fed into the core. The module housing can also be added at desired intervals. In this case, it may be necessary to modify the braiding machine to have a larger core diameter near the smart cable module.

[0327] The second method for installing the smart cable module is to add the module after the cable has been braided together with the communication line strands 204 in the core. Figure 26 Cable 10 is shown, in which the strands are forced apart to reveal internal gaps. A portion of the communication strand 204 is exposed and then cut to leave two cut ends, as shown. In this case, the communication strand 204 is simply a bundle of electrical conductors within a sheath. Each conductor is made into a connector 206 (as shown). Figure 21 As shown, a portion of the cable is inserted and then slides back into the gap inside the cable. The smart cable module also slides into this gap, and then two connectors are attached to the module to form a shape as shown. Figure 21 The components shown.

[0328] like Figure 21 One issue with the components shown is the tendency for the smart cable module to move longitudinally within the cable core. Additional components can be added to fix the smart cable module in place. Figure 22 It shows Figure 21 The component incorporates a pair of clamping collars 212. Each clamping collar 212 is an open collar that clamps to the outside of the cable. The two clamping collars can be connected by a protective cover 214. The cover 214 prevents the two clamping collars from moving away from each other. As a result, the module housing 208 is trapped between the two clamping collars.

[0329] Figure 23Another method for maintaining the longitudinal position of the smart cable module is illustrated. In this embodiment, the module housing 208 is characterized by an array of radial pins 214. These radial pins protrude outwards. (Back to...) Figure 18 The reader will notice how the 12 strands of the braid intersect at regular intervals in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Figure 19 This illustrates how the strands are forced apart. Once the module housing 208 is inserted into the cable, tension is gradually applied to the cable, and each radial pin 214 is pushed into the intersection of two adjacent strands. As additional tension is added, the strands become taut around the module housing 208. The module housing 208 is then held in place by engaging each radial pin with the strands passing over the outside of the module housing.

[0330] After the module housing 208 is secured inside the cable, the inward pressure on the module housing can be correlated with the cable tension. Therefore, it is possible to measure the tension at the midpoint along the cable length without disturbing any strands of the cable.

[0331] Figure 24 Another embodiment of the smart cable module is shown. In this version, the module is divided into two halves / shells 216, 218, which are clamped to the outside of the cable. This embodiment is configured for use on the fixed cable of a dragline crane. The smart cable module includes a tension monitoring instrument and a processor (with similar...) Figure 9 (The components shown). However, since this example operates in the air, radio communication is preferred. Antenna 220 is located externally to the module. It transmits and receives radio signals.

[0332] In some applications, a single cable will have multiple smart cable modules. Figure 25 A single cable is shown extending from a crane on vessel 224 to a payload 162 near the seabed. Multiple smart cable modules 202 are installed along the length of the cable. In this example, the module density is varied, with more modules positioned near the payload.

[0333] In some embodiments, it is desirable to provide tension information for each strand at the midpoint of the cable. Figure 27-28 An embodiment of a smart cable terminal configured for this application is depicted. The smart cable terminal 202 is shown in an exploded view. The housing 230 includes a first instrument group 88, as well as a processor, connectors, and communication hardware (such as…). Figure 9 (As shown).

[0334] for Figure 1 For example, cable 10 comprises multiple individual strands. Each strand is attached to a strand terminal 30. The strand terminal 30, shown on the right side of the view, is attached to a collector 34. Each strand's attachment includes a load sensor for monitoring tension on the strand.

[0335] The strands on the left side of the view are attached to strand terminals 30', which in turn are attached to collector 34'. The housing 230 and collector 34' include an array of through holes 226. The components shown are secured together by passing bolts 80 through the holes 226 and then applying and tightening nuts 228. This pulls the housing 230, collector 34, and collector 34' tightly together. Then, the intermediate strand collector 64 is secured to collector 34, and the intermediate strand collector 34' is secured to collector 34'.

[0336] The result is a smart cable terminal 202 in the middle of the cable, which can monitor the tension on each individual strand and transmit that information to an external monitoring system (or record it for future retrieval). Figure 28 The diagram shows a cable 10 with two smart cable modules 202 installed. In reality, these two modules may be far apart (e.g., 1 km).

[0337] Back Figure 25 The reader will recall that in a given installation, there may be multiple smart cable modules (including multiple modules on multiple cables). These smart cable modules can be organized into network nodes. Figure 29 An exemplary embodiment is shown in which the control computer 234 communicates directly with the master node 230. Each master node 230 then communicates with several nodes 232.

[0338] Peer-to-peer networks can also be used. Figure 30 This diagram illustrates a network in which multiple users (directly or indirectly) access a sensor network embodied in a smart cable module. This network could be a mobile ad hoc network (“MANET”), where nodes come and go based on availability. For example, consider… Figure 25 The description in the text is as follows. In this example, communication can be achieved via sound wave pulses. Modules closer to the bottom may have good communication with the payload, while surface vessels may not. In a MANET, each node can be configured to propagate information to other available nodes, which then further propagate the information. In this way, information can be transmitted back to the surface.

[0339] Another good example is offshore mooring operations, such as those used for oil drilling platforms. In a common configuration, 16 independent mooring cables extend from the floating platform down to anchors on the seabed. These mooring cables are taut until the platform reaches the required level of stability. If such cables include smart cable modules, the network is typically not limited to a single cable. Instead, the network can include all modules across all 16 cables. If using MANET, a module in one cable may have a stronger communication link with a module in a second cable, rather than another module in the same cable (especially if acoustic pulses are used for communication). Modules in different cables can pass messages back and forth, creating a robust / reliable communication network.

[0340] Figure 31 and 32 Another application of the smart cable module is described. Figure 31 A large vessel 240 is shown moored alongside the pier. Multiple mooring lines 244 position the vessel relative to the pier by securing it against mooring bollards 250. Each mooring line includes a sling 246 configured to loop around a mooring bollard 242 on the pier. The vessel end of each mooring line is attached to a winch, which can be controlled to apply tension as needed. The mooring lines move with the vessel. Mooring lines are expensive hardware and require inspection, maintenance, and periodic replacement. Currently, they are only visually inspected.

[0341] exist Figure 31 In this example, a smart cable module 202 has been added to the transition section 248 between the mooring cable 244 and the sling 246. The module can be configured to measure and transmit a number of different values, including (1) simple tension on the mooring cable, (2) the “clamping” force exerted by the sling fork legs, (3) the movement of the module (via an onboard 3-axis or larger measurement system), (4) the number of load cycles / load cycles, and (5) environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity.

[0342] Figure 32 It shows Figure 31 A plan view of the configuration. The ship end of each mooring cable 244 is connected to an independent winch 254 on the ship. The shore end of each mooring cable is connected to a mooring bollard on the dock 252. A controller 256 adjusts the tension on each mooring cable (via its associated winch) to keep the vessel properly positioned against the mooring bollard 250. Such an automatic tensioning system is known in the art. However, this prior art system does not incorporate a smart cable module to monitor the condition of each mooring cable.

[0343] The system of the present invention preferably includes intelligent cable modules on each mooring cable. These modules provide data to a remote processor (directly or via periodic downloads), which then aggregates the data and presents it to the user. The user interface can take various forms. Figure 35 A simplified description of this interface is provided. Monitor 270 presents a conventional window-type display 272. This display includes the identifier of the specific mooring cable selected by the user (mooring cable identifier data 274). The display also provides a list of important parameters regarding the selected mooring cable (monitoring parameters 276). In this particular example, the monitoring parameters are:

[0344] 1. Number of mooring cycles used by the mooring cable;

[0345] 2. Number of fatigue load cycles (the number of times the load on the mooring cable exceeds the specified fatigue load threshold for the type of mooring cable under discussion);

[0346] 3. Total load / number of load cycles of the mooring cable;

[0347] 4. Peak load already placed on the mooring cable; and

[0348] 5. Derived value of the remaining mooring cycles of the mooring cable.

[0349] Many other parameters can be stored and displayed. The selected data will vary depending on the application. The user interface preferably includes the ability for the user to make selections. For example, for each parameter displayed, the user can select the parameter and view more information. For example, the user can be allowed to bring up a graph of peak load cycles / cycles over time.

[0350] The preceding examples relate to large, multi-strand cables. This invention is by no means limited to such large cables; in fact, it can also be applied to small cables. Figure 33 and 34 Application examples of cables smaller than mooring cables are provided.

[0351] exist Figure 33 In this example, cable 10 consists of a single strand (although the strand can still be a complex braided or wound structure and can still include a sheath). Anchor 260 is secured to one end of cable 10 to form terminal 258. Load flange 262 is provided on anchor 260. Anchor is designed to rest in a hole passing through the plate. Load flange 262 transfers load from anchor to plate. Smart cable module is located within anchor 260. It uses antenna 264 to transmit radio frequency signals.

[0352] Figure 34 It shows crossing Figure 33A front sectional view of the components. In this example, anchor 260 is secured to cable 10 by potting. A filament near the end of the cable is placed within a hollow channel passing through the interior of the anchor. The filament then unfolds. A liquid potting compound is added to the unfolded filament (before or after it is placed in the cavity of the anchor). The term "potting compound" refers to any substance that changes from liquid to solid over time. Two-part epoxy resin is an example of a potting compound. Once the potting compound cures, the filament within the anchor cavity is mechanically attached to the anchor. Potting transition 278 represents the transition from the filament compound locked within the cured potting compound to the freely bendable filament within the cable.

[0353] In this example, additional steps are performed before adding the potting compound. First, one or more strain gauges 266 are attached to the inner wall of the anchor (within the hollow central cavity). The strain gauges 266 are connected to the smart cable module 202 via electrical connectors 268. A filament near the end of the cable 10 is placed within the cavity of the anchor and spread out. The filament extends only to the filament limit 280. Above this level / height, the internal cavity of the anchor is an empty volume. The smart cable module 202 is suspended within this empty volume. The potting compound is then added until it (1) permeates all the filaments and (2) covers part or all of the smart cable module 202. The potting compound is then allowed to cure to form a monolithic assembly (note that the order of operations can be changed, but the same result will still be produced).

[0354] Once the potting compound has cured... Figure 34 An example can then be put into use. Strain gauge 266 monitors the amount of elastic wall deformation of the anchor, a value that can be correlated with the tension on cable 10. If the correlation is performed correctly, the strain gauge reading will provide a very accurate representation of the tension on the cable. The tension value can then be stored within the smart cable module 202 and / or sent to a separate control system.

[0355] In some installations, many of these components can form part of a larger system. In such an example, the smart cable module 202 can be programmed to send a radio signal only in cases of “exceeding”. “Exceeding” refers to a situation where the cable tension exceeds a specified warning limit.

[0356] Having described some embodiments in detail, this disclosure now turns to a more general concept regarding the invention and its applications. This invention can be described as being applied to the “Internet of Things” (IoT). Applications include synthetic fiber tensile strength members, commonly referred to as fiber ropes, cables, ties, cords, or reinforcing bundles. It also encompasses hybrid strength members made of metals and / or composite materials, as well as circular slings, wound slings, sling loops, and synthetic fiber slings (collectively referred to as “rope / cable / tension members”). More specifically, this disclosure covers several concepts of synthetic fiber-based strength member systems, primarily for use in high-capacity and / or high-performance critical applications combined with terminals and / or electronic modules, thereby enabling more intelligent and connected synthetic rope system technologies and overall data accumulation, communication, and networking systems.

[0357] While conventional strength members are inherently passive, this invention seeks to collect important usage data directly or indirectly from strength members and / or terminals and / or connected modules. Conventional strength members incorporating synthetic fibers can be readily integrated with optical fibers, wires, hoses, and other communication, power supply, or transmission mechanisms. Conventional cable strength members can actually include more functionality than currently included. This additional functionality is achieved through the integration of rope-fixed modules or rigid body terminals (any design – hereinafter referred to as mechanical terminals) that serve as stable connection points for connecting, utilizing, and / or transmitting power, data, fluid transport, etc. This functionality is not traditionally part of high-load structural elements. For example, electromechanical and optomechanical umbilical cables are common industrial products. However, these umbilical cables do not bear significant tensile loads. For example, optical fiber or wire cables often include synthetic fibers as load-bearing elements, but this is merely to support the optical fiber or wire, not to support significant external loads.

[0358] Whether located at the end of an optical fiber cable as part of a “terminal” or simply as a cable attachment device, the concept of the smart cable module of this invention typically includes a multifunctional cable module (or multiple modules) that provides a wide range of data collection, storage, computing, machine interface, communication, and / or networking options. These features transform traditional passive strength components into intelligent data collection and propagation devices.

[0359] Current offshore lifting operations can be extremely challenging—especially when operators need to place very large, complex, and heavy modules, potentially worth millions of dollars, with centimeter-level positioning accuracy in water depths of 3,000 meters or more. Typically, operators have to rely on auxiliary sensors that are not directly connected to the payload / lifting cable system (e.g., using a separate remotely operated vehicle, ROV). These auxiliary devices monitor and sometimes physically guide the payload as it passes through the water column and is placed on the seabed or attached to another already positioned structure. Guide lines are also sometimes used. These are just some of the methods and tools used today.

[0360] Throughout the lifting operation, most of the work is closely monitored to ensure its effective execution. In offshore lifting operations using a ship's crane, monitoring is primarily achieved through instruments located on the ship's lifting equipment (such as the crane or winch system). Many different types of sensors are used to control the descent and recovery speed of the payload, as well as the landing. This also includes motion reference sensors that control the winch and crane to reduce the impact of the ship's roll and pitch movements on the payload. This technique is widely known as AHC (Active Heave Compensation). It should be remembered that all these sensors are located on the deployment vessel, and all other external monitoring is performed by auxiliary equipment such as ROVs, which require separate control systems and dedicated operators. Sometimes, motion reference units are attached to the payload as a method of monitoring the payload during descent. However, direct communication with these devices via the water column presents numerous challenges.

[0361] The simplest form of a smart cable module is passive and stand-alone. One example of this is the use of an internal battery, data processor, and transmitter. Of course, these can also be data storage devices. Obviously, these devices can be placed anywhere, inside or outside the cable termination (or at some midpoint along the cable). In this example, strain gauges, load sensors, or a series of devices are added to the cable module to accurately monitor load / load and / or peak stress conditions.

[0362] The cost of downtime during offshore lifting operations has created a demand for the ability to record operations at the interface point between the lifted object and the lifting cable interface (a smart cable module near the hook terminal). This module is essentially equivalent to the flight data recorder used on commercial aircraft. Its existence would allow operators to record the complete operation at the payload. This would be advantageous for several reasons, including providing a better understanding of the AHC system's performance, recording load sway and all changes related to the vessel's systems and their impact on the payload. Examples of data using integrated sensors or recorders include peak loads, load trends, stress within the terminal (such as strand terminal loads), payload pitch / yaw / roll, position, acceleration, pressure, temperature, vibration, distance to another object, material contact points, etc. Position and motion sensors could include multi-axis gyroscopes (whether physical or ring laser type), accelerometers, etc. As another example, if accessing something such as downhole tools or pipes, it could include sensors measuring diameter, velocity, distance, gas, material composition, time, etc. As yet another example, it could include video of the operation, or it could use 3D cameras or ultrasonic cameras capable of making certain measurements. Any number of sensors can be used.

[0363] The smart cable module can also be combined with communication tools to enable more automated operation. Examples of such tools could be positioning / position pulse transmitters, light transmitters, or other communication devices for working with other equipment or machines, such as ROVs or AUVs. In this case, the ROV does not need to use traditional vision or camera systems to perform certain functions—as a machine-to-machine communication method, it may be easier to automate. When combined with other technologies, this tool can achieve higher precision and enable more autonomous operation on the seabed.

[0364] Using such equipment also offers the opportunity to expand the capabilities of smart cable modules to provide services and capabilities for ROVs or other external equipment. For example, the module could include a high-powered power source that can be used as a charging station or socket for an ROV or AUV. This could have a significant impact on the number of auxiliary devices deployed during any offshore lifting operation.

[0365] In its most general form, the smart cable module for a tensile fiber strength member system, as described in the preceding embodiments, integrates sensors, communication devices, and / or a power source in a separate manner. These devices can be powered within the module (e.g., by a battery), or the power source can be a separate power source. For example, this could be an electrical wire extending along the fiber rope, or an electrical wire extending outward from the anchor and separately connected to a power source. While the latter configuration is clearly not preferred for offshore lifting, it is often the most preferred way to power the terminal module in other applications, such as structural suspension. Similarly, the sensors or communication devices are preferably mounted within a rigid housing. However, in some cases, some external attachments may be involved. For example, the terminal may include an internal battery, but with an external 3D camera or laser sensor mounted in a non-hazardous area.

[0366] The next level of complexity is the "active" smart cable module. This module can provide active data / power / communication in real time and / or autonomously respond to certain conditions. For example, an acoustic pulse transmitter can emit signals such as pressure, depth, and position to enable other machines / tools to perform specific functions. As an example of a terminal module reacting to other devices, the terminal's hook or load pin can be released upon receiving a signal from another device / machine or a communication signal from the operator on the water.

[0367] As an example of a user interface for real-time data, a graphical user interface can display the current load and recent peak load of each strand of a 12-strand rope. In this example, each strand in the main strand of the rope has a load sensor, and hard-wired connection to this terminal provides a tool for real-time operational monitoring.

[0368] Any of the examples above can be further developed by adding active components, enabling communication between machines (such as AUVs or other data collection devices) or operators (such as ship crane operators or ROV drivers). Real-time information from the terminal module can be used to automate industrial processes, improve safety and operating speed, and provide system integrity / health data.

[0369] In many cases, to enable real-time data, power, communication, or other capabilities, it is most advantageous to extend these types of service lines within high-load tension members—because the lines are typically long. In some static cases, such as structural suspension, these components can be externally fixed or spirally wound around high-load strength members. However, a more preferred approach is to incorporate these service lines into the strength member itself whenever possible. For the purposes of this disclosure, a "service line" is any line other than a strength member that is added to extend the service range of the strength member and the terminal—for example, an optical fiber line used to transmit data from one smart cable module in a series of interconnected mooring cables to the next module. Any number of service lines can be used to enhance the capabilities of the terminal and the entire system.

[0370] How these service lines are incorporated into the strength member depends entirely on the structure and application of the strength member. For example, crane cables extending around pulleys under very high loads require a different structure than semi-static suspension cables or marine mooring lines that are almost always linear. With this in mind, here are several different possibilities for incorporating service lines into the strength member:

[0371] 1. Fiber optic cables, fluid or pressure hoses, wires, etc. – used for data transmission, communication, gas or fluid exchange, etc.

[0372] 2. Service lines fixed to the outside of the strength members

[0373] 3. Service lines spirally wound on strength members

[0374] 4. Service line located at the center of the strength member

[0375] 5. A service line located at the center of one or more strands in the main strand of the strength member (in a 12-strand braided rope, this may be one service line for every 12 strands).

[0376] 6. A service line that is placed alongside or in place of some of the strands in a strength member.

[0377] In most cases, additional external structures or components are required to protect the service lines within the strength members, or to protect the strength members from wear on the service lines. Referring back to the example of marine levitation, very high stresses will be applied to the service lines and the interfaces between these lines and fibers. This typically requires careful engineering to ensure that the service lines are not damaged during use or that the performance of the strength members is not compromised.

[0378] It is easy to imagine that this technology is not only used to monitor the operation at the terminal, but also for more comprehensive monitoring of the entire tension member system. As a practical example, the previously discussed wires, optics, or other communication devices may not necessarily be used for end-to-end / end-to-end communication, but rather for monitoring the operation or integrity of the strength member. In some cases, smart cable modules can also advantageously act as receivers, collecting data from other nearby devices and transmitting that data via an attached service line. In this scenario, the high-load tension member becomes the central hub of a larger network of devices, not just the strength member itself. This could be a range of rope products, or entirely other machinery such as AUVs, underwater stations requiring real-time data reporting, etc.

[0379] In the field of offshore lifting, this type of equipment can also be considered a form of active instrumented hook. This type of arrangement allows for continuous communication with the hook during deployment and retrieval, enabling the collection of data from the hook in real time and its transmission to the operator on board. Utilizing real-time data from the hook can potentially improve AHC (Active Heave Compensation) performance and reduce actual load sway on the payload. This also provides opportunities for monitoring load positioning and monitoring many other instruments.

[0380] Another very powerful configuration based on the aforementioned components is the ability of the fiber optic cable termination to become a production / service tool—a machine on a cable—encompassing numerous potential service functions. Returning to the example of levitation at sea, with real-time data feedback to the surface and the ability to sense position / azimuth / heading, combined with payload positioning thrusters (at or near the termination or payload), it becomes a practical and unique option. Due to the ultra-low weight of the synthetic material in water, the payload can be more easily manipulated within the water column. Furthermore, the reduction in cable weight allows for the addition of more tools at the cable termination, such as battery packs for ROV or AUV charging, ROV storage areas, integrated tools with actuators, etc. For example, if thrusters are added to the termination to position the payload, they can be internally powered by a battery source because the fiber optic cable has already reduced in mass so much during the steel-to-fiber transition. Optionally, based on the examples provided above, power or other critical service lines can extend along the strength members. This configuration can replace the current ROV configuration in certain situations.

[0381] This active payload positioning becomes the next logical step in the aforementioned concept. The smart cable module in this version is used to gather critical information and guide the payload. If thrusters are added to the terminal module, they can be manually driven like ROVs used in today's processes, or fully automated like AUVs, where machine-to-machine communication can provide a higher level of productivity and safety. In later examples, communication between underwater machines can help guide payloads into position, manipulate payloads, and / or enable more automated connections.

[0382] Smart terminals or modules can include various forms of sensor technology, generating nearly countless forms of data. Here are some examples:

[0383] 1. Motion sensor / position sensor / heading sensor / G-shock sensor / inertial sensor

[0384] 2. Accelerometer

[0385] 3. Magnetometer

[0386] 4. Gyroscope

[0387] 5. GPS device

[0388] 6. TIMU equipment

[0389] 7. MEMS devices

[0390] 8. Acoustic Sensors / Ultrasonic Sensors

[0391] 9. Pressure sensors (atmospheric, liquid, solid)

[0392] 10. Strain sensor

[0393] 11. Load / Load Sensor

[0394] 12. Torque / Torque Sensor

[0395] 13. Humidity sensor

[0396] 14. Temperature sensor

[0397] 15. Short-range sensor

[0398] 16. Vision sensor or image sensor (2D / 3D)

[0399] 17. Relative motion sensors (3D cameras, lasers, etc.)

[0400] 18. Light sensor (ultraviolet or other)

[0401] 19. Distance / displacement measurement sensors (laser, linear encoder, camera, radar, etc.)

[0402] 20. Rotation sensor

[0403] 21. Code Reader / OCR Sensor

[0404] 22. Photoelectric sensor

[0405] 23. Microscopic sensor

[0406] 24. Fiber Optic Sensor

[0407] 25. Gas sensor

[0408] 26. Flow / Micro Flow Sensor

[0409] 27. Liquid Leakage Sensor

[0410] 28. Contact sensor

[0411] 29. Dielectric Sensor

[0412] 30. Conductivity / resistance sensor

[0413] 31. Data Transmission / Communication Examples

[0414] 32. Torque sensor for the entire cable or its sub-components.

[0415] Data communication to and from the smart cable module can take many forms, including:

[0416] 1. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, passive or active RFID, Zigbee, BAW, LTE, LTE-Advanced, or other radio or microwave. Cellular, satellite, acoustic, sound waves, electromagnetic induction, free-space optics, radar, or others.

[0417] 2. Wired communication, such as conductive components, optical fiber components, etc.

[0418] 3. Use electronic or other data storage devices to store data for future retrieval.

[0419] Data can be pushed / sent, retrieved / received, or both. Sending and receiving capabilities vary depending on module capabilities and application requirements. A wired module can include one or more data sending / communication methods. In wireless designs, adding hardwired access components is often preferred for projects such as system redundancy, backup, large data transfer, programming, or debugging.

[0420] The smart cable module can be powered by a variety of power sources, including:

[0421] 1. Storage / Battery Power: The battery can be designed for inductive charging, periodic replacement, or lifetime use. The system can be designed for ultra-low power consumption, allowing it to be used for many years.

[0422] 2. Self-excited systems, such as batteries.

[0423] 3. RFID or similar devices excited by another device.

[0424] 4. Trickle charging systems, such as solar, wind, or other small auxiliary equipment.

[0425] 5. A removable auxiliary battery for charging the main battery.

[0426] While the rope module may always be directly connected to a power source (e.g., at the end or using a conductor running down or around the rope), it is most common to also have a local battery or storage. For example, a wired power source can be used to power the tool or keep it charged. Battery or stored power will likely be used to maintain data integrity and ensure the operation of functions that are in progress.

[0427] A CPU or similar data processing device is used as a programmable device, which can be used to define modular intelligence and logic. This includes managing the following information:

[0428] 1. Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receiver

[0429] 2. Data input digitization

[0430] 3. Data Calculation

[0431] 4. Data compression

[0432] 5. Data encryption

[0433] 6. Data storage

[0434] 7. Module time / date stamp

[0435] 8. Signal conditioning and processing (from various inputs, such as sensors)

[0436] 9. Send and receive defined information packets (e.g., email alerts, packaged messages, or real-time network communications).

[0437] 10. Measure specified limits (tension, pressure, impact, etc.) - deploy response signals to nearby tools or receivers for network communication.

[0438] 11. Determine light, sound, and other operating mechanisms / operators or network signals based on specific conditions (low battery power, overused rope, etc.).

[0439] 12. Manage hibernation / sleep modes to reduce power consumption.

[0440] 13. Review strand integrity data (via optical fibers, conductive components, etc.)

[0441] These modules can be combined with different operating mechanisms / operator / system alarms, including:

[0442] 1. Visual alarms, such as status lights (see...) Figure 27 External display 222)

[0443] Depending on the required functions, electronic designs can take on countless shapes and forms.

[0444] 2. Color stacks / status lights, pulse light patterns to convey different states, etc.

[0445] 3. An LCD or other electronic data panel on or near the module, or that can be inserted into the module.

[0446] 4. Sound alarm

[0447] 5. The chirping or pinging sound of a sound.

[0448] Intelligent modules can implement machine-to-machine interfaces in a variety of different ways, including:

[0449] 1. Machine-to-machine interface

[0450] 2. Communicating with another machine or data network via laser, ultraviolet light, wireless or wired transmission, ultrasound, wireless or other methods to issue alarms to the operator or the larger equipment as a whole.

[0451] 3. Communicate with a smart tablet or local network so that the computer can transmit conditions (e.g., electronic stack lights, or signals to operate independent machine functions) to any location.

[0452] 4. Real-time communication, or conditional data transmission around a specific event (impact load, time interval, etc.).

[0453] For the purposes of this general disclosure, intelligence can derive from many potential forms, including some form of entity that houses sensors and allows data to be managed. Generally, it can be at the end (the point of termination), or anywhere along the rope, or both. While the end is typically located at the end and is used to transfer loads via load connection points (such as rings, hooks, or stops), the module / IoT module is any device connected to the rope assembly, regardless of distance. While the intelligent device may be inside or around the end, in many cases, it is preferred to provide the intelligent device along the rope. IoT modules are generally not used for load transfer, although this is possible. It should be assumed that throughout the disclosure, while the end or module may have different end purposes, they should be considered synonymous in terms of providing the disclosed intelligent services / intelligence. Some ropes require only the intelligent module, some require the intelligent end, and some require both. In many cases, the intelligent module is located inside or adjacent to the end. While earlier disclosures focus more on the end point, this section will describe in detail other means by which one or more more general modules can be considered primary / junior and / or secondary / auxiliary devices. They can be used to replace smart terminals or to support such devices.

[0454] The changes to the smart cable module include:

[0455] 1. The intelligent cable module can be applied (installed / inserted / secured) at any location on or inside the rope or strands. This could be at both ends, at the midspan (anywhere along the rope), near one end, or in multiple segments. For any of the disclosed examples, the module can be applied to measure loads on the entire tensile fiber strength member, its individual strands, or some other subset thereof.

[0456] 2. There may be one or more modules serving different functions or communicating with each other. Modules do not need to have a CPU or be independent - they can act as a network to support other more intelligent devices or a central device.

[0457] 3. Modules in the terminal can act as end hubs for several mid-span modules that collect other data. Mid-span modules can simply provide load, location, temperature—they can be individual sensors used to interface with the CPU (e.g., in the terminal) or as hubs for data transmission mechanisms to another source (e.g., when hardwired).

[0458] The smart cable module can connect to cables in a variety of different ways, including:

[0459] 1. Installed inside the rope

[0460] 2. Installed on the outside of the rope (symmetrical or asymmetrical).

[0461] 3. Installed to certain strands of the rope (e.g., inside each master rope).

[0462] 4. Attached as a node to the rope.

[0463] 5. Installed on one or both ends of the line.

[0464] 6. Installed in one or both legs at a typical rope joint.

[0465] 7. Installed in the sleeve of the joined end.

[0466] 8. Installed inside another type of terminal or fixed to another type of terminal.

[0467] 9. Permanently mounted on a rope (tamper-proof), or designed for universal attachment to / removal or clip-on / removal.

[0468] Multiple modules can also exist in a single location. Figure 21 An example of a single module housing 208 placed in the center of a cable is provided. In this case, the cable shown is woven from 12 individual strands. In some cases, each of these strands is itself a braid composed of 12 smaller sub-strands. By separating some of the sub-strands, smaller module housings can be placed within each of the 12 strands. Some of these modules can even incorporate a removable cassette data storage device.

[0469] The intelligent cable module can be placed independently on the sacrificial tail (e.g., one end has a terminal, while the opposite end is subsequently joined to another rope). This configuration can be used to make passive ropes intelligent. It also allows intelligence to be calibrated according to the rope in a factory-controlled setup.

[0470] Monitoring examples include:

[0471] 1. Terminal drop or maximum impact. Vibration rate, duty cycle, strand cutting, rope modulus, rope dielectric properties, rope length variation, etc. Measurements obtained via proximity sensors: boom jacks (machine vibration), resonance, natural frequency, rope or strand torque, rope or strand imbalance, rope diameter, helical variation, rope proximity to pulleys or related devices. Measurements obtained via dielectrics, etc., of the connection cycle to another device. Chemical contamination, line safety, temperature, etc. Chemical exposure, strand integrity, rope life management.

[0472] 2. Cycle Counting: Using inertial modules, RFID, or other position sensors to count the number of cycles the machine uses the rope. For example, lifting devices for raising / lowering.

[0473] 3. A module that records hours via movement / load – recording lifespan / usage. Data storage / collection – then sending data packets as needed.

[0474] 4. Appropriate connections and rated load: Used to detect and indicate whether appropriate ropes and hardware, such as slings and shackles, are used for a particular job.

[0475] 5. The chip or communication data can send signals to the operator or machine indicating any required conditions (load, depth, recommended operating time, temperature exceeding limits, etc.).

[0476] 6. The LCD panel or a nearby tablet can identify peak conditions for checking / reviewing system operating status (rope life, maximum received operating load, load cycle / cycle count, etc.).

[0477] Exemplary applications of the smart cable module of the present invention include:

[0478] 1. Crane / Windlock Line (Offshore or Land Cranes, Deep Well Mining, etc.)

[0479] 2. Ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship mooring for large vessels (L&G tankers, barges, etc.)

[0480] 3. Structural boom pendants (cranes, draglines, shovels, etc.)

[0481] 4. Steel reinforcement bundles in civil engineering structures (bridge bracing, post-tensioned concrete structures, cable reinforcement systems, etc.)

[0482] 5. Trawl lines (commercial fishing lines, fishing nets, etc.)

[0483] 6. Bridals (trawl nets, lifting assemblies, etc.)

[0484] 7. Floating structure mooring equipment (oil platforms, ships, wind farms, wave energy, commercial docks, small boats, etc.)

[0485] 8. Bundling (cargo, aircraft, ground anchors, utility utilities, etc.)

[0486] 9. Lifting or traction slings (heavy-duty lifting round slings, slings, or light-duty factory fabric slings)

[0487] 10. This technology can also be applied in miniature and / or simplified forms to small cable assemblies, such as for fitness equipment, aircraft control cables, automotive control cables, safety tethers, ship elevators, medical devices, etc.

[0488] 11. As covered throughout this disclosure, intelligent modules and / or terminals are typically linked to a larger network of devices. In principle, devices linked in some way can be viewed as rope network modules—transforming a physical rope system into a digital tool from which entirely new service functions can be derived. For example, a digitized ship mooring system not only allows the operator to understand not only each individual unit but also how the system operates as a whole, and the stresses applied to the winch and other ship components. A series of ropes becomes an input device for data valuable to the entire machine / operation.

[0489] 12. On a dragline excavator, multiple modules can communicate with a central collecting unit. They can be wired or wirelessly linked.

[0490] 13. All rope-related equipment on the machine, or operations utilizing smart cable modules, can be linked to create a complete / closed-loop dataset for more complex analysis. For example, the load distribution and interaction between four gantry-supported suspension cables can be assessed remotely, or the total load on certain connected vessel mooring lines can be managed. This macroscopic data can be used to better manage assets or oil fields as a whole—not just individual tensioning members.

[0491] 15. Like the electrical system shown in the diagram below, a rope network can be configured in a variety of ways, such as spoke and hub, dock-to-dock, multi-hub with boosters, interconnected, operating via gateway IoT modules, hybrid, etc. This can be considered a distributed sensor network, including projects such as smart hubs, digital operating tablets that perform certain functions, etc. This could be from the network design or the main network design—depending on the data collected, pushed, or extracted and the overall system objectives.

[0492] 16. Scanners can be used to ping data. Technologies such as RFID allow passive systems to ping local area networks to collect certain data. For example, this might be a ping during peak communication loads once per hour, while other data is stored and deleted in other ways.

[0493] 17. Networked rope IoT devices can be fully interconnected and / or designed independently to push data to the cloud or local servers for networking with other sites or locations globally. In other applications, this network can be used to more broadly assess system performance or activities by geography, country, company, equipment type, operation type, etc. Organizations can gain company-wide visibility into the performance of critical equipment or operations. Relatedly, tension members (such as fiber ropes) often convey meaningful data for heavy industry as they represent activities performed (e.g., payload values, operating hours, etc.). The ability to digitize and communicate data from tension members in large / heavy equipment and operations is valuable in many ways. Numerous user interfaces and analyses of key performance indicators are possible.

[0494] 18. While most of the above recommendations are widely applicable, in many cases, a network may simply be a single operating interface, such as a ruggedized tablet that can be taken to a specific location to monitor data in real time or retrieve historical / stored data as needed. Furthermore, these devices can be used to program or reprogram the networking module.

[0495] For embodiments where information is transmitted upwards along the cable from the smart cable module, the reader should remember that the point of retrieval for this information may be at different locations. The "payload end" of the cable is the end to which the terminal is attached. The cable is typically released from a drum on a surface vessel. The information applied to the cable at the payload end must be retrieved at a point remote from the payload end. This retrieval point can simply be the opposite end of the cable. However, it could also be some intermediate point where the information-carrying component of the cable leaves / spaces away from the payload-carrying component.

[0496] One can make some general statements about the invention, which are true for many embodiments:

[0497] 1. It is recommended to place the instrument group above the payload release point. The purpose of this invention is to use the instrument group multiple times in the deployment of multiple payloads; therefore, it is undesirable to place the instrument group in a location where it is difficult to "retract" with the terminal when the payload is released. The payload release point can be near the smart cable terminal (e.g., Figure 17 (As shown). However, it could also be much lower than the terminal. In some cases, the release mechanism may be located 20 meters below the terminal. This is indeed the case if a long sling connects the terminal to the payload and the release mechanism is located at the payload end of the long sling.

[0498] 2. For versions that include force sensing devices (load sensors, strain gauges, etc.), the instrument group can directly transmit the sensed forces or record them for later transmission.

[0499] 3. Preferred embodiments will all include a processor and the ability to transmit digital signals. However, the invention can be implemented using only analog components without a processor. For example, a very simple version might include only a load sensor, a local battery, and possibly an amplifier in an integrated terminal. These analog devices can then transmit analog signals directly over a cable, with all processing performed outside the integrated terminal.

[0500] 4. Ideally, the instrument group includes an inertial measurement system. This system, combined with real-time (or near-real-time) data transmission back to the ground / water surface, allows ground operators to know the precise location and orientation of the integrated terminal (and by inference, the precise location and orientation of the payload itself).

[0501] 5. Compared to existing steel cables, using synthetic filaments in the cable significantly reduces weight. This weight reduction allows for additional weight to be carried at or near the terminal. Batteries can be added to the smart device to provide sufficient power without having to power it via a cable. In this case, data can still be transmitted via cable, but the greater challenges of transmitting power through a cable are avoided.

[0502] 6. For example Figure 14 The camera shown could be a stereo camera, a laser scanner, or some other suitable device that allows the smart terminal to "aim" at a target. For example, it could provide a visual reference point as the desired placement point on a seabed platform. A stereo camera could be used to guide the payload to this target. A 3D object could serve as the target for a laser scanner. The camera could also be mounted on the smart terminal itself (possibly offset on the horizontal boom).

[0503] 7. If a vision-guided system is provided, the inertial measurement system does not need to be highly precise. The inertial system can be used to obtain an "approximate" payload, and then the vision-guided system can take over the final placement. Combining these two systems can achieve higher accuracy while reducing costs.

[0504] The terminal of this invention may include many other features, including one or more of the following:

[0505] 1. This memory can be used to record the strand load for future analysis of cable maintenance and possible decommissioning.

[0506] 2. Communication and power lines may not pass through the cable core but can extend externally. For example, they can be embedded in the cable sheath or spirally wound around the cable.

[0507] 3. The collector and housing can be made into a single unit.

[0508] 4. The instrument group function can be applied to cables with only a single strand (rather than multi-strand cables with collectors).

[0509] 5. The instrument group can be used as part of the ruggedized ROV storage area.

[0510] Figures 36-39 An additional embodiment of the intelligent integrated cable module is shown. Figure 36 In the diagram, the components are shown in an exploded state. In the assembled state, transition cover 284 rests against the right side of pressure vessel 282, while transition cover 286 rests against the left side of pressure vessel. These embodiments are configured to be installed centrally / center of the cable, away from the end of the cable. Figure 26 As shown, the module is installed in a selected location by "disrupting" the tight arrangement of the strands. These components are then inserted into the cable through one of the gaps in the strands. Figure 26 Unlike some examples, the connection to communication line strand 204 is optional. In many cases, Figure 36 The embodiment will be installed in a location where there are no communication wire strands. The dashed lines represent the “bulging” profile of cable 10 when cable 10 passes around components 282, 284, 286 installed inside it.

[0511] Pressure vessel 282 is a hollow container. It can be made of metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum. It can also be made of composite materials, such as wound fibers embedded in resin. Transition caps 284, 286 are provided to smoothly transition from the normal (undisturbed) cross-section of cable 10, across the portion covering pressure vessel 282, and back to the normal cross-section. Each transition cap preferably includes a recessed portion configured to fit into a portion of the spherical shape of pressure vessel 282. As shown, each transition cap also includes a conical exterior. A radial array of protrusions 288 may be provided on the outer surface of each transition cap. These protrusions are located within the gaps in the cable strands. Therefore, they prevent rotation of the transition cap.

[0512] Figure 37 It shows Figure 36The cross-sectional view shows the components mounted at the center of the cable. The reader will notice how the recessed portions of the transition covers 284, 286 fit around the spherical exterior of the pressure vessel 282. In this example, the pressure vessel is hollow and contains a Newtonian fluid 296. The chosen Newtonian fluid is preferably non-corrosive. Silicone oil is one example. The pressure vessel 282 has two bosses 298, 300, as shown, designed to be positioned along the central axis of the cable. Boss 300 includes a threaded hole. The pressure transducer 290 is screwed into this hole and secured in place. In this example, the instrument assembly 292 is integral with the pressure transducer 290. The antenna 294 can be incorporated into the housing of the instrument assembly 292, or it can extend outwards as shown. The instrument assembly 292 preferably includes a radio transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving data via the antenna 294.

[0513] The cable strands smoothly wrap around the pressure vessel 282. When tension is applied to the cable, the strands surrounding the pressure vessel exert an external compressive force. This compressive force generates an internal pressure rise, monitored by the pressure transducer 290. The shape of the pressure vessel 282 is such that the compressive force applied to the cable by tension will generate a pressure rise in the fluid within the pressure vessel. An example shown is a sphere. As those skilled in the art will know, a sphere represents the minimum surface area of ​​a given volume of fluid contained within it. Tension on the cable tends to compress the sphere, causing... Figure 37 The cross-section of the pressure vessel 282 becomes more elliptical. This deviation from a spherical shape leads to a decrease in internal volume, which in turn causes an increase in internal pressure.

[0514] exist Figure 37 In this example, a Newtonian fluid is used to fill / completely fill pressure vessel 282. Those skilled in the art will know that the density of a Newtonian fluid increases only slightly with increasing pressure. Therefore, even slight compression of the shape of pressure vessel 282 will result in a significant change in the internal pressure read by pressure transducer 292.

[0515] Most cables of interest have multi-strand, complex structures. For these cable structures, the relationship between the pressure measured by transducer 290 and the tension applied to the cable is quite complex. Therefore, it is difficult to establish a mathematical expression to correlate the measured pressure with the applied tension. This is not to say that it is impossible to develop such a relationship. However, the differences between cables make the uncertainty of using such a defined relationship so great that it is impractical. A more practical approach would be to calibrate the relationship between cable tension and measured pressure for specific cable designs, and perhaps even for specific cables.

[0516] The calibration process for many cable geometries is not straightforward. The behavior of multi-strand synthetic cables is not as predictable as that of steel wire ropes. After adding terminations, the synthetic cable should be "bedded" by applying significant tension. This bedding process brings the fibers to a more final and compact state. During this process, the cable geometry changes slightly, such as longer strand spirals, smaller diameters, and higher packing density. In some cases, it is necessary to adjust the individual length of each termination strand / strand with terminations. Otherwise, the load distribution between strands may become uneven. In some cases, it is necessary to perform a first bedding process, then readjust the strand lengths, and then perform a second bedding process. It is recommended that the cable be properly bedded before the calibration process. Otherwise, the calibration may be inaccurate.

[0517] Figure 38 An exemplary calibration curve of measured pressure versus applied tension is shown. Cable—with, for example Figure 37 The smart cable module shown is properly laid flat and then placed in the calibration fixture. The calibration fixture applies a specified tension gauge while recording pressure readings. Several loading / load cycles are typically used to ensure consistency.

[0518] In the region marked "1", the slope of the curve varies greatly, and repeatability from one loading cycle to the next is poor. In the region marked "2"—the region above—the curve tends to be uniform and repeatable. This is the useful part of the calibration curve. For higher load conditions, the calibration curve tends to produce a more accurate correlation between the measured pressure and the applied tension. Since this is the state of most interest in determining cable life and performance, the inaccuracies sometimes present under low load conditions are not a significant drawback.

[0519] Once the calibration process is complete, the smart cable module can store the measured pressure versus applied load curve in an appropriate format (e.g., a lookup table with interpolation or higher-order polynomials). In field use, the smart cable module can transmit measured pressure or calibrated load data. The module can also store data for future retrieval. This data can provide useful information. Here are a few examples:

[0520] 1. The maximum load already placed on the cable (and the date / time and / or period at which the maximum load is reached);

[0521] 2. The number of load cycles / load periods exceeding a specified threshold (such as load value or cumulative time value); and

[0522] 3. The number of times exceeded and the maximum load that can be withstood each time.

[0523] Figure 39An alternative embodiment is shown, in which the two transition covers are replaced by a single overmolded transition cover 302. The pressure vessel 282, along with the pressure sensor, instrument cluster, and antenna, is placed within a mold cavity, and a robust material is molded onto them to produce an integrated cable module 304. The overmolding material is chosen to provide suitable durability. An example is moderately flexible polyurethane, which can be molded at relatively low temperatures.

[0524] The preceding examples have shown a smart cable module located at the center of the cable. Alternatively, a smart cable module may be provided that is clipped onto the outside of the cable or one or more individual cable strands. Figure 40 A simple 3-strand cable is shown, with an open module cover 306 clamped onto each strand. In some versions, the sensing and communication technologies within the smart cable module are housed within the module cover itself. In other cases, the sensing components may be housed inside the cable, while the power and communication components are clamped outside the cable.

[0525] Figure 41 A cross-sectional view along an integrated cable module is shown. A small, integrated cable module 304 is located in the middle of a single cable strand. An open module cover 306 is sandwiched on the outside of the cable strand near the protrusion caused by the introduction of the integrated cable module. Power and communication equipment may be located within the module cover (small conductors may laterally pass through the strands between the integrated cable module 304 and the electronics in the module cover 306). An indicator panel 374 may be disposed on the outside of the module cover 306. This indicator panel may optionally include an LCD display with relevant data, or one or more LED status lights. Alternatively, the panel may include audible noise alarms indicating status (e.g., a chirp for low battery, two chirps for warning / condition check notification, etc.). Additional plug ports (or charging or data) or user-operated function buttons may also be part of the panel or module to increase functionality. These devices can be used to provide an observer with alerts or indications of the status of the cable strands or cable.

[0526] The smart cable modules on each strand can be unlike Figure 41 As shown, they are very close together. In other embodiments, the modules can be spaced at different intervals, and the nearest neighbor modules can be very far apart, for example, 10 meters or more. The concept of a smart cable module on a single cable strand is not limited to... Figure 41 The module types shown are, in fact, applicable to any smart cable module type in this disclosure.

[0527] Figure 42 and 43 It shows that it can be used Figure 41 An optional protective cover is provided in one embodiment. Figure 42In the middle, a pair of collars 308 are already clamped to the outside of the cable near the module cover 306. Figure 43 In the middle, the integrated collar 310 has been attached to Figure 42 On the component shown. An indicator panel 374 may be disposed on the exterior of the integrated collar 310. This indicator panel provides information about the cable status or history, such as in the example provided above.

[0528] Figure 44 One embodiment is shown in which the integrated smart cable module is positioned near the end of the cable rather than in the middle. In this example, each cable strand 12 is potted / encapsulated in an anchor 18. A collector 335 mounts all these anchors and provides external loading features, such as a lifting ring 336. The cable strands 12 must be deflected / turned outward to bypass the pressure vessel 354. The pressure vessel is positioned by transition caps 340 and 342. A shield 338 contains / accommodates the strands. The pressure transducer 290 and instrument group 292 are arranged as in the previous example. After a proper cable leveling process, the measured pressure is again calibrated according to the applied tension. The reader should note that for Figure 44 Examples can also be provided such as Figure 41 It shows multiple individual line modules, rather than a single large module.

[0529] Readers should note that, for Figure 36-44 For example, pressure vessels can be filled with non-Newtonian fluids, such as gases. The use of gases allows for greater deflection of the pressure vessel and presents greater sealing challenges. However, as long as the same gas is present during calibration, accurate pressure-tension correlation curves can be created and used (although temperature compensation may be required in some cases).

[0530] Figures 45-49 illustrate embodiments particularly suitable for mooring cables. Figure 45 shows a prior art mooring cable 244. A loop 314 is formed near one end of the cable 10. The cable has a multi-strand structure. A section of strands near the end of the cable is woven back into the cable to form an interlaced portion 312. Interlacing methods are well known in the rigging industry and are beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0531] The sling 246 is a contact sheath material placed around the ring 314. It is typically secured with a lashing device near the interlacing portion. When circling the mooring bollard, the sling provides the ring with abrasion and cut resistance. Figure 46 An embodiment of an integrated cable module 202 is shown, which is configured to be used with slings.

[0532] Figure 47A conceptual description of the operation of this embodiment is provided. A separator 326 is disposed within the body 316. The separator separates the two legs of a loop in the mooring cable. Tension applied to the cable exerts a "compression" force (F) on the separator. N ). Figure 48 An exemplary embodiment for implementing this concept is shown. The body 316 includes a central separator 326. The inlet 320 is divided into a first channel 322 and a second channel 324 (each of the first and second channels accommodates one leg of a mooring ring). A cover 318 is bolted to the body 316 to secure the device to the cable. A web 330 is disposed between the gaps 328 and 332. Figure 49 The location of the sectional view provides a "call cuts" section.

[0533] Figure 49 A front view of the web 330 is provided. One or more strain gauges 334 are placed on the web 330. These strain gauges are monitored by an instrument group 292. Antenna 294 allows for wireless external communication. For the preceding example, in the calibration step, the strain measured by the strain gauges can be correlated with the tension applied to the cable. This calibration curve can then be used to convert the field strain gauge measurements into cable tension (the reader should remember that the phrase "calibration curve" includes any convenient method of storing calibration relationships, including the use of lookup tables and higher-order polynomials).

[0534] Figure 50 Another embodiment of the smart cable module is shown. This embodiment is configured to attach near the end of a cable. Figure 44 For example, each strand 12 is provided with an anchor 18. The collector 344 has a receiving portion for attaching each anchor 18.

[0535] The collar 346 is a robust structure that presses the cable strands inward along the curved shoulder 348. The tension applied to the cable generates an outward force (circumferential stress) on the collar 346. One or more strain gauges 334 are positioned to measure the strain generated by this outward force. Each strain gauge is connected to an instrument group 292 that monitors the strain gauges. A calibration procedure can be performed to correlate the strain measured by the strain gauges with the applied cable tension. As in the previous example, this calibration profile can be used to convert field strain gauge measurements to cable tension.

[0536] Readers will learn from previous articles about Figure 29 and 30 In online discussions, it was recalled that multiple smart cable modules can organize themselves (or can be externally organized) into a useful network. Figure 51 This demonstrates a useful application of this networking method. In Figure 51In this system, the oil platform 350 is anchored to the seabed via multiple anchor cables 352. Each cable includes multiple smart cable modules 304. These modules can form a network so that communication can reach a second module on a completely different cable via a first module on one cable, and so on.

[0537] Figures 52-56 Additional embodiments using the pressure vessel concept are shown. Figure 52 In this structure, pressure vessel 354 is a hollow sphere containing gas. The longitudinal axis 362 is oriented along the central axis of the cable. The transverse axis 366 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The vertical axis 364 is perpendicular to both the longitudinal and transverse axes.

[0538] Two or more strain gauges 358 are placed on the outer surface of the sphere. In the example shown, two strain gauges are placed on the longitudinal axis 362. The operating concept is that the sphere is placed at the center of a multi-strand cable. When tension is applied to the cable, the cable strands are compressed inward on the sphere. This compressing force compresses the sphere and generates strain, which is measured by the strain gauges 358.

[0539] Those skilled in the art will understand that the strain gauge 358 is positioned to facilitate the measurement of strain caused by cable tension (along the central axis of the cable). In the preceding example, the strain gauge readings can be correlated with the applied cable tension during calibration. However, the reader will also recognize that the orientation of the sphere within the cable is important. If calibration is completed and stored, subsequent significant reorientation of the pressure vessel 354 could invalidate this correlation. Therefore, it is desirable that the orientation of the pressure vessel 354 remain constant within the cable. Positioning blades 356 are provided for this purpose.

[0540] Each positioning blade 356 is a protrusion extending outward from the surface of the sphere. During installation, these positioning blades are positioned and oriented within the gaps / gaps between the cable strands overlapping the sphere.

[0541] Figure 53 The pressure vessel 354 (indicated by dashed lines) located within cable 10 is shown. The reader will observe how the positioning vanes 356 protrude into the gaps between the strands 12. Once tension is applied to the cable, the pressure vessel 354 cannot rotate. In some cases, the positioning vanes do not... Figure 53 As shown in the image. In some cases, they may be short pins or extruded protrusions.

[0542] If needed, Figure 52 and 53 The sphere can be fitted with a transition cover and other external components. Figure 54An exploded view of this embodiment is provided. Instrument group 368 monitors the strain gauge and transmits (and may receive) data via antenna 370. As shown, separate transition covers 284, 286 may be provided. Alternatively, an overmolded cover may be provided as previously described. Figure 55 An assembly with an added pair of clamping collars 308 is shown. These clamping collars tend to stabilize the cable, thus holding the pressure vessel 354 in a fixed position. A single clamping collar may also be provided in the location of the pressure vessel itself.

[0543] Figure 62 and 63 It shows Figure 53 Alternative implementations of the version. In Figure 62 In this example, pressure vessel 354 is held within the cable. However, the pressure vessel is held in place by an externally mounted collar 418. The fixing in this example is mechanical, with positioning blade 356 located within a groove 420 in the collar 418. This is not always the case.

[0544] Figure 63 A non-sectional view of the same component is shown. In the illustrated configuration, the collar 418 is divided into two halves, which are joined together along the joint 422. The reader will notice how the joint "smoothly passes / bumps / jogs" around the positioning blades 356 when necessary. In this example, strain gauges are located on the pressure vessel 354. Electrical conductors extend from these strain gauges to the instrument assembly 292. The instrument assembly is located in the collar 418 and is electrically connected via one or more positioning blades 356.

[0545] Figure 56 An alternative shape for pressure vessel 372 is shown. An ellipse is used, with the major axis along the longitudinal axis 362. Strain gauge 358 is again used to measure the strain caused by compression of the cable strands surrounding the pressure vessel (when the pressure vessel is centered on the cable). Optionally, positioning blades 356 are provided to maintain a stable position. The elongated shape minimizes the need for a transition cover. It also reduces the tendency of the pressure vessel to reorient during loading / load cycles.

[0546] Use such as Figure 56Significantly different versions of the same shape are also possible. In this alternative version, the pressure vessel walls are made of a tough yet flexible material. One example is tough natural or synthetic rubber. The vessel is then filled with a Newtonian fluid (such as silicone oil) instead of gas. Pressure sensors are used instead of strain gauges. When this version is placed in the center of the cable, the tension applied to the cable compresses the strands inward and causes significant deformation of the pressure vessel. As mentioned earlier, the measured pressure inside the vessel is related to the applied tension. This design does not take into account the natural stiffness of the wall material. Instead, it assumes that a relatively flexible wall material will allow the pressure vessel to deform significantly, thus filling the available space within the central cavity of the cable. This method can also be used with gas, although this tends to increase wear on the wall material.

[0547] Figures 57-59 Another type of smart cable module is described, which can be added at desired locations along the cable (including cable strands). Figure 57 The cable itself is depicted with dashed lines. The concept is to insert a lateral measuring element laterally through the cable strands. In the example shown, a hollow lateral tube 376 is used as the lateral measuring element. The hollow tube contains instruments—for example, a pair of strain gauges mounted on the inside or outside. When tension is applied to the cable, the strands compress the tube, and the resulting changes monitored by the instruments (such as changes in voltage drop on the strain gauges) can be correlated with the applied tension.

[0548] The goal is to keep the lateral measuring element in a stable orientation to maintain calibration. Figure 57 The component shown achieves this. A collar 384 is applied to the outside of the cable. A non-open collar 384 can be added by sliding it onto one end of the cable. An open collar is required if the smart cable module is added after the terminals have been added to both ends of the cable. Figure 57 An example with an open collar 384 is shown (note the separation seam between the two halves of the collar). The collar includes a hollow channel 386 for the cable. A hole 394 extends laterally through the collar 384.

[0549] The transverse tube 376 includes a hollow channel inside. Figure 57 In this passage, the portion furthest from the observer includes internal threads. The piercing element 382 includes a threaded shaft 384 configured to screw into the internal threads of the transverse tube 376. The piercing element is attached to the distal end of the transverse tube 376. With the collar 384 in place, the transverse tube (and its attached piercing element) is carefully pushed laterally through the cable strands and exits from the distal side of the collar 384. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the presence of the piercing element 382 greatly facilitates the process if the cable strands are tight. If the cable strands are openable / pullable, the piercing element may be an unnecessary component.

[0550] Figure 58 The opposite sides of the collar 384 are shown. The piercing element 382 is unscrewed from the transverse tube 376, thereby exposing the internal threads inside the transverse tube. The end of the transverse tube is flush with the clamp receiving portion 396 at this point. The washer 398 is placed on the threaded shaft of the bolt 400, and then the bolt 400 is screwed into the transverse tube 376 and tightened.

[0551] Back Figure 57 The reader will observe that tightening the bolt 400 pulls the directional cap 378 firmly into the cap receiving portion 392. The directional cap 378 is locked in place and cannot rotate. The transverse tube 376 is locked to the directional cap, so it also cannot rotate.

[0552] Looking back Figure 58 Once the bolt 400 is properly tightened, the retaining clip 402 is clamped in the appropriate position on the clip receiving part 396. This creates a smooth exterior that does not obstruct other objects.

[0553] Figure 59 A cross-sectional view taken along the middle of the assembly is shown. The cable strands wrap around the transverse tube 376 (which is, of course, secured to the collar 384). One or more strain gauges 404 are positioned appropriately on the transverse tube. In the example shown, the strain gauges are located on the inner wall of the strain gauge.

[0554] Back Figure 57 An electrical conductor connects the strain gauge on the hollow tube to the electrical contact 380 on the directional cap 378. A corresponding set of electrical contacts is disposed on the sidewall of the cap receiving portion 392, such that when the directional cap 378 is pulled into the cap receiving portion 392, an electrical connection is formed between the strain gauge 404 and the instrument assembly 388 located in the collar 384. The instrument assembly monitors the strain measured by the strain gauge. It can communicate with external devices using the antenna 390.

[0555] Although the lateral measuring element is illustrated as having a circular cross-section, many other shapes are possible. An ellipse or a rounded rhombus shape can be chosen, as these tend to cause less interference with the laying of cable strands. The lateral measuring element can also be solid, rather than hollow. In some examples, the measuring element will have varying geometry along its axis. For example, it can be oval / elliptical at the center and circular or rectangular at the two distal ends. Alternatively, it can be entirely oval. It can be a single piece or multiple pieces. Like a spherical design, it can be a solid / non-opening / seamless or capsule-like structure made of flexible materials.

[0556] The illustrated transverse measuring element is equipped with a strain measuring device (strain gauge). Transverse measuring elements for pressure vessels can also be provided. As an example of this method, a hollow tube can be fitted with a hemispherical end cap. Then, when the hollow cylinder is compressed by cable tension, a pressure sensor can be used to measure the pressure change. Pressure vessels with one or more strain gauges at a point on their inner or outer surface can also be used. For example, the strain gauge can be placed on the hemispherical end cap. For pressure-based systems, a soft-bladder type transverse measuring element may be ideal.

[0557] Figure 60 and 61 Another example of using the concept of a lateral sensing element is shown. The lateral tube 376 is also a hollow tube containing a strain gauge. The instrument housing 406 contains the strain gauge monitoring instrument, power supply, and communication hardware. The instrument housing is elongated, as shown. Two lateral channels 408, 410 are provided within the instrument housing. The piercing element 382 is screwed into place, as previously described. The lateral tube 376 is then carefully pushed past the center of the strands of cable 10 (a removable clamp can be used to ensure proper alignment). The piercing element 382 is then removed. The bracket 412 also includes a pair of channels, attaching the bracket 412 to the distal side of the lateral tube 376 by passing a bolt 400 through a hole 413 and screwing it into a threaded receiving portion in the lateral tube 376.

[0558] Figure 61 The installed configuration is shown. Strips 414 bypass the assembly and are taut. These strips are located within channels 408, 410. Instrument housing 406 cannot rotate, and tube 376, locked to the instrument housing, also cannot rotate. Figure 61 A protective sleeve is applied to the components shown. The result is a smart cable module that can be added at any desired location along the cable.

[0559] although Figures 60-61 Examples are shown mounted on the cable as a whole, but this version is also particularly suitable for mounting on sub-components of the cable, such as individual strands. The instrument housing 406 and bracket 412 can be made small and smooth, allowing these components to blend into the exterior of the cable. Some examples will not require an external strip, and instead, smooth encapsulation sleeves or sheaths can be used on the housing 406 and bracket 412 (or there may be no housing at all).

[0560] Figure 64Another variation of the smart cable module concept is shown. As shown, the deformable tube 416 is a rigid metal tube with a smoothly curved shape. The cable 10 passes through this tube. One or more strain gauges 404 are attached to the tube and monitored by an instrument group 292. When tension is applied to the cable, the cable will naturally tend to straighten the deformable tube. This action will generate strain in the deformable tube, which can be measured and recorded by the instrument group and / or communicated elsewhere. The instrument group (and possibly the strain gauges) is preferably protected by a cover (shown in dashed lines in the view).

[0561] The term "deformed tube" should not be interpreted as meaning that component 416 must actually undergo plastic deformation after being manufactured. Rather, in this example, the term "deformed" means that the centerline of component 416 deviates from a straight line. It is entirely possible to produce a component 416 with a deviation from the centerline without any plastic deformation.

[0562] Those skilled in the art will also recognize that, Figure 64 The exemplary embodiment shown is slightly difficult to implement because it must be installed on the cable before applying the two end terminals (since the end terminals will be larger than the diameter of the cable itself). In a more easily implemented embodiment, the deformable tube 416 can be formed as two halves joined together around the cable. The “separation surface” of the two halves will deviate with a desired deviation from the cable centerline. Transverse bolts or other fastening methods can be used to join the two halves together.

[0563] The use of a calibration step is important because the sensor readings obtained in the various embodiments discussed are preferably calibrated to the tension measured on the tensile strength member to which the smart cable module is attached. This calibration step can be performed in a dedicated fixture (e.g., it may be present in the manufacturing process itself). However, the reader should remember that the calibration step can also be performed in the field. For example, the tension measurement and calibration module can be brought to the cable installation site. This tension measurement and calibration module can then be connected in series / hook with the cable containing the smart cable module. The tension measurement and calibration module can be configured to wirelessly link to the smart cable module.

[0564] Using this system, the smart cable module can be calibrated in the field using actual load cycles / load periods experienced on-site. The mooring cable can be calibrated by mooring the vessel to the dock. The tension measurement and calibration module is connected in series with the mooring cable and linked to the smart cable module within the mooring cable. As the vessel moves, tension cycles naturally occur on the mooring cable. The smart cable module records the measured values ​​(e.g., ...). Figure 56(Strain gauge readings in the embodiment). The tension measurement and calibration module includes a precise tension sensing element, such as a calibrated load sensor. The tension measurement and calibration module collects load sensor readings, converts them into actual tension, and transmits them to smart cable modules in the mooring cable. Each smart cable module then correlates its internal measurements with the precise tension measurements obtained by the tension measurement and calibration module.

[0565] Tension measurement and calibration modules can be expensive devices because they are only needed for the initial calibration of smart cable modules. A single tension measurement and calibration module can be used to calibrate hundreds (if not thousands) of smart cable components.

[0566] While the foregoing description contains important details, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather as providing an illustration of preferred embodiments of the invention. For example, any embodiment described for a complete cable can be applied to a single strand of a larger cable, and vice versa. Those skilled in the art will be able to devise many other embodiments to implement the invention. Therefore, the invention should be defined by the language used in the claims, and not by the specific embodiments provided.

Claims

1. A smart module for attachment to a fiber strength member, the smart module comprising: (a) A removable collar mounted on the outside of the fiber strength member and between its ends, the collar including a channel that receives the fiber strength member passing longitudinally therethrough; (b) A measuring element, at least a portion of which is located within the multi-strand fiber strength member; (c) The measuring element is held in place by the collar; (d) A strain gauge mounted on the measuring element, the strain gauge being configured to measure the strain of the measuring element caused by the compressive force applied by the fiber strength member; and (e) A detachable instrument cluster configured to monitor the strain gauge.

2. The intelligent module according to claim 1, wherein, The measuring element is mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the fiber strength member.

3. The intelligent module according to claim 1, wherein, The collar is open, allowing it to be added to the fiber strength member in multiple pieces.

4. The smart module of claim 2, further comprising a detachable puncture member configured to attach to the transverse measuring element and thereby facilitating the transverse measuring element to pass laterally through the fiber strength member.

5. The intelligent module according to claim 1, wherein, The instrument group includes a processor and a memory configured to store strain information measured by the instrument group.

6. The intelligent module according to claim 5, wherein, The instrument group includes a radio transmitter for sending information to external devices.

7. The intelligent module according to claim 1, wherein, The instrument group includes an externally visible indicator panel for indicating the status of the fiber strength member.

8. A smart module for attachment to a fiber strength member, the smart module comprising: (a) A removable collar installed on the outside of the strands of the fiber strength member and between the ends; (b) A measuring element, at least a portion of which is located within the strand; (c) The measuring element is connected to the collar; (d) A strain gauge mounted on the measuring element, the strain gauge being configured to measure the strain of the measuring element caused by the compressive force applied by the fiber strength member; and (e) A detachable instrument cluster configured to monitor the strain gauge.

9. The intelligent module according to claim 8, wherein, The measuring element is positioned laterally across the strand.

10. The intelligent module according to claim 8, wherein, The collar is open, allowing it to be added to the strand in multiple pieces.

11. The smart module of claim 9, further comprising a detachable puncture member configured to attach to the measuring element and thereby facilitate the measuring element's transverse passage through the strand.

12. The intelligent module according to claim 8, wherein, The instrument group includes a processor and a memory configured to store strain information measured by the instrument group.

13. The intelligent module according to claim 12, wherein, The instrument group includes a radio transmitter for sending information to external devices.

14. The intelligent module according to claim 8, wherein, The instrument group includes an externally visible indicator panel for indicating the status of the strands.

15. A smart module for attachment to a fiber strength member, the smart module comprising: (a) A measuring element that passes laterally through the fiber strength member, the measuring element having a first end and a second end; (b) An instrument housing attached to the first end of the measuring element; (c) A strain gauge mounted on the measuring element, the strain gauge being configured to measure the strain of the measuring element caused by the compressive force applied by the fiber strength member; (d) An instrument assembly installed in the instrument housing, the instrument assembly being configured to monitor the strain gauge; and (e) A bracket attached to the second end of the measuring element.

16. The intelligent module according to claim 15, wherein, The instrument housing and the bracket are located outside the fiber strength member.

17. The intelligent module according to claim 16, wherein, The instrument housing and the bracket are fixed to the fiber strength member by multiple strips.

18. The smart module of claim 15, further comprising a detachable puncture member configured to attach to the measuring element and thereby facilitate the measuring element's transverse passage through the fiber strength member.

19. The intelligent module according to claim 15, wherein, The instrument group includes a processor and a memory configured to store strain information measured by the instrument group.

20. The intelligent module according to claim 15, wherein, The instrument group includes a radio transmitter for sending information to external devices.

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