A horizontal CNC machine tool

Abstract

The present invention discloses a horizontal CNC machine tool, comprising a bed, a machine head for driving a workpiece to perform a rotary motion is provided on the bed, a tool holder assembly capable of moving along the bed to process the workpiece is provided on the bed, a step portion is provided on the bed below the workpiece, the step portion comprises a negative side and a positive side, the positive side is inclined, a guide rail is mounted on the negative side, a moving device is provided on the guide rail, and a cover plate is fixed on the positive side, the edge of the positive side extending out of the positive side and capable of shielding the upper portion of the guide rail. The positive side of the step portion below the workpiece of the machine tool is inclined, so that the cuttings can fall outside the machine tool along the positive side by their own weight, and the cover plate on the positive side can prevent the cuttings from entering the track or the drive mechanism to avoid blockage, thereby improving the operational reliability of the moving device. Since the cover plate is fixed and does not move with the tailstock and the center frame, the problems of easy interference and frequent failure of traditional telescopic protective plates are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled machine tools, in particular to a horizontal numerically controlled lathe and a turning center. Background Art

[0002] With the development trend of CNC machine tools towards automation and intelligence, the spindle, tool holder, tailstock or the second spindle, similar functional components such as the center frame, which are the key moving parts of the turning center and CNC lathe, must be highly automated first, and the reliability of automation is urgently needed.

[0003] Currently, the spindle and toolholder components of turning centers and CNC lathes are highly automated, but the tailstock and center frame components are not highly automated, failing to meet the urgent needs of industrial automation development. Existing turning centers and CNC lathes generally use manual or hydraulic drive technology for Z-axis movement of the tailstock and center frame components. A more advanced technology uses servo drive for only one of the components, employing a servo motor + lead screw transmission method, which places high demands on protective sealing and shape and size. Machine tools that use servo drive for both the tailstock and center frame are extremely rare. This configuration creates insufficient space for the drive motor and lead screw, resulting in a complex protective cover structure with poor sealing and reliability. Furthermore, interference between the protective covers of the two components significantly impacts the travel range, leading to technical drawbacks. The reason for this is that during the development of turning centers and CNC lathes, the tailstock was only used as the main functional component, and the steady rest was always an accessory. The two components shared a pair of guide rails, and the bed used a concave guide rail cavity in the standard tailstock guide mode. The drive layout was inside the concave cavity and below the guide rail plane. From a structural perspective, there was no servo movement function for the steady rest, which brought many technical disadvantages to the subsequent addition of this function. However, this type of machine tool, which uses servo drive for both the tailstock and steady rest, is increasingly used for automatic processing or auxiliary automation, and there are stringent requirements for the degree of automation of the tailstock and steady rest, as well as the travel between the two. Therefore, it is now necessary to carry out technical innovation in the machine tool structure of horizontal turning centers and CNC lathes to achieve high automation of the tailstock and steady rest and improve reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a turning center and a CNC lathe structure with a tailstock and a center frame that are highly automated, have unrestricted moving stroke, smooth chip removal, and high reliability.

[0005] A horizontal CNC machine tool includes a bed, a machine head for driving a workpiece to perform rotational motion is provided on the bed, a tool holder assembly is provided on the bed and can move along the bed to process the workpiece, a step portion is provided on the bed below the workpiece, the step portion includes a negative surface and a positive surface, the positive surface is inclined, a guide rail is installed on the negative surface, a moving device is provided on the guide rail, and a cover plate is fixed on the positive surface, the edge of the positive surface extending out to block the top of the guide rail.

[0006] Furthermore, the step portion is provided with at least two negative surfaces and two positive surfaces, the guide rail is provided with two sections in parallel and respectively fixed on the two negative surfaces, and a cover plate is fixed on each of the positive surfaces.

[0007] Furthermore, a rack is provided on one of the negative surfaces, and the cover plate extends beyond the edge of the positive surface to block the top of the rack.

[0008] Furthermore, the step portion is provided with three negative surfaces and three positive surfaces, wherein two negative surfaces are used for installing the guide rails and the other negative surface is used for installing the rack.

[0009] Furthermore, a motor is provided on the mobile device, and a gear meshing with a rack is connected to the motor.

[0010] Furthermore, a tool holder guide rail for the tool holder assembly to move is provided on the bed, and a motor screw assembly for driving the tool holder assembly to move is provided on the bed.

[0011] Furthermore, the tool holder guide rail is higher than the rotation center of the machine head.

[0012] Furthermore, a pair of tool holder guide rails are arranged in parallel, and the tool holder guide rail on one side of the step portion is lower.

[0013] Furthermore, a limiting block is provided on each edge of the positive surface for positioning the side edge of each guide rail.

[0014] Furthermore, a brush or scraper is provided on the edge of the joint between the mobile device and the positive surface.

[0015] Furthermore, the mobile equipment includes a tailstock, a sub-spindle, a center frame, a tool rest, a sub-tool rest, a workpiece bracket, a loading and unloading device, a tool setting device, a measuring device, and a cleaning device.

[0016] Furthermore, the shady side is inclined toward the ground.

[0017] The positive side of the step below the workpiece is tilted so that the cuttings can fall outside the machine tool along the positive side by their own weight. The cover on the positive side can prevent the cuttings from entering the track or drive mechanism to avoid blockage, thereby improving the operational reliability of the mobile equipment. Since the cover is fixed and does not move with the tailstock and center frame, the problems of easy interference and frequent failures of traditional telescopic protective plates are avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the machine tool structure;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the step portion of a machine tool;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of guide rail rack and cover plate on the step part of the machine tool;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the assembled state of the step part and the center frame;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the center frame motor and gear structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the structure of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0024] like Figure 1 The machine tool shown includes a bed 1, a machine head 2 is provided on the bed 1, and the machine head 2 includes a transmission mechanism and a clamping claw and other components for fixing the workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate. A tool holder assembly 3 is also provided on the bed 1, and the tool holder assembly 3 can move along the bed 1 to realize the processing of the workpiece through the tool on the tool holder assembly 3. Figure 1As shown, a tool holder guide rail 12 is provided on the bed 1, and the tool holder assembly 3 is arranged on the tool holder guide rail 12. A motor screw assembly 13 is installed on the bed 1 to drive the tool holder assembly 3 to move on the tool holder guide rail 12. The tool holder guide rail 12 is arranged on one side of the workpiece. It can be seen from the figure that the tool holder guide rail 12 is slightly higher than the axis of the workpiece installed on the machine head 2. This prevents the iron pin from falling into the tool holder guide rail 12 or the motor screw assembly 13 during the turning process, thereby avoiding affecting the movement of the tool holder assembly 3. Of course, in order to provide better protection, the tool holder guide rail 12 is arranged on the top of the workpiece, which is equivalent to a truss or gantry structure. The bed 1 is also provided with a step portion 4, which is located below the workpiece and is used to install mobile equipment. The mobile equipment includes the tailstock, sub-spindle, tool rest, center frame, sub-tool rest, workpiece bracket, loading and unloading device, tool setting instrument, measuring device, cleaning device and other auxiliary equipment commonly used in machine tools. These devices need to be able to move on the track when installed in the machine tool. The attached figure only shows the installation state embodiment of the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7. Different mobile equipment can be installed according to actual conditions. Here, the tailstock and center frame shown in the attached figure are used as examples for explanation. Other mobile equipment can be used for reference. Figure 2 The step portion 4 shown includes a negative surface 4-1 and a positive surface 4-2, and the positive surface 4-2 is inclined. Figure 3 As shown, a guide rail 5 is provided on the negative surface 4-1 for installing the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 for their movement. A cover plate 8 is fixed on the positive surface 4-2, and the cover plate 8 extends out from the edge of the positive surface 4-2, so that the cover plate 8 can block the guide rail 5 installed on the negative surface 4-1. When turning, the iron pin falls onto the cover plate 8 and slides along the inclined surface, but does not fall into the guide rail 5 to affect the movement of the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7. This cover plate 8 is different from the telescopic protective plate. The cover plate 8 in this technical solution is fixed to the bed 1 and does not move with the tailstock 6 or the center frame 7, thereby avoiding the occurrence of malfunctions, improving the stable operation of the machine tool and reducing the failure rate. Since the guide rails 5 for installing the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 are generally arranged at intervals of two, the step portion 4 is provided with at least two steps, so that two negative surfaces 4-1 and two positive surfaces 4-2 are formed, and the two sections of guide rails 5 are respectively arranged on the two negative surfaces 4-1, and Figure 2 and Figure 3In the embodiment, the step portion 4 is set as a three-step step in order to install the rack 9 that drives the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 to move. The two guide rails 5 are respectively installed on the two negative surfaces 4-1 to keep them parallel, and a rack 9 is set on the other negative surface 4-1. Correspondingly, a motor 10 is provided on the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7, and a gear 11 is provided at the end of each motor 10. The gear 11 is engaged with the rack 9, and the gear 11 is driven to rotate by the motor 10. When the gear 11 moves on the rack 9, it can drive the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 to move, realizing the automation of the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7, and also realizing that the center frame 7 can move with the tool holder assembly 3. Of course, in the case of not setting the rack 9, the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 can also be moved manually or by dragging the tool holder assembly 3, which only reduces the degree of automation without affecting the operation of the machine tool. For specific settings of the motor 10 and gear 11, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, if the motor 10 of this embodiment is used and the shaft is facing the rack 9, the worm gear 16 can be used to connect the motor 10 and the gear 11 together so that the gear 11 can mesh with the rack, or the motor 10 can be vertically arranged to directly install the gear 11 on the transmission shaft.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, a pair of tool holder guide rails 12 are arranged horizontally. In order to keep the tool holder assembly 3 consistent with the overall inclined setting of the bed 1, the side close to the step portion 4 is set lower. In this way, the tool holder assembly 3 also has a certain inclination angle after installation, so that the entire machine tool can maintain an inclined state in terms of layout.

[0026] Since the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 are transferred on the step portion 4, there is a certain gap between the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 and the positive surface 4-2. In order to prevent the iron pin from entering the gap, Figure 4 As shown, a brush or scraper 15 for cleaning and blocking iron chips from entering is provided at the edge of the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7 where they cooperate with the positive surface 4-2. The brush or scraper 15 can not only block iron pins from entering the tailstock 6 and the center frame 7, but also clean the iron pins remaining on the cover plate 8.

[0027] In order to reduce the size of the dark side 4-1, the dark side 4-1 is tilted toward the ground, that is, Figure 2 As shown, the female side 4-1 and the male side 4-2 are kept relatively vertical. This ensures that the cover plate 8 effectively blocks the guide rail 5 and that the female side 4-1 is small enough to accommodate the guide rail 5. If the female side 4-1 is set vertically relative to the ground, the portion of the cover plate 8 that extends beyond the edge of the male side 4-2 will restrict the installation of the guide rail 5. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the height of the female side 4-1 and move the guide rail 5 as far away from the edge of the male side 4-2 as possible to leave space for the tailstock and center frame to be installed. In order to increase the rigidity of the guide rail and locate the reference surface of the guide rail 5, a limit block 14 is set at the edge of the male side. Figure 3 As shown, the side of the guide rail 5 is pressed against the limit block 14 to achieve positioning, and the limit block 14 is used to improve the rigidity of the guide rail 5.

Claims

1. A horizontal CNC machine tool, comprising a bed (1), a machine head (2) for driving a workpiece to perform a rotary motion provided on the bed (1), and a tool rest assembly (3) for moving along the bed (1) to process the workpiece provided on the bed (1), characterized in that: A step portion (4) located below the workpiece is provided on the bed (1), the step portion (4) includes a negative surface (4-1) and a positive surface (4-2), the positive surface (4-2) is inclined, a guide rail (5) is installed on the negative surface (4-1), a moving device is provided on the guide rail (5), and a cover plate (8) is fixed on the positive surface (4-2) and extends from the edge of the positive surface (4-2) to block the upper side of the guide rail (5).

2. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step portion (4) is provided with at least two negative surfaces (4-1) and two positive surfaces (4-2), the guide rail (5) is provided in parallel with two sections respectively fixed on the two negative surfaces (4-1), and a cover plate (8) is fixed on each positive surface (4-2).

3. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 2, wherein: A rack (9) is also provided on one of the negative surfaces (4-1), and the cover plate (8) extends beyond the edge of the positive surface (4-2) to block the top of the rack (9).

4. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 3, wherein: The step portion (4) is provided with three negative surfaces (4-1) and three positive surfaces (4-2), wherein two negative surfaces (4-1) are used for installing the guide rail (5) and the other negative surface (4-1) is used for installing the rack (9).

5. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: A motor (10) is provided on the mobile device, and a gear (11) meshing with the rack (9) is connected to the motor (10).

6. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tool holder guide rail (12) for moving the tool holder assembly (3) is provided on the bed (1), and a motor screw assembly (13) for driving the tool holder assembly (3) to move is provided on the bed (1).

7. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tool holder guide rail (12) is higher than the rotation center of the machine head.

8. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: A pair of tool holder guide rails (12) are arranged in parallel, and the tool holder guide rail (12) on one side of the step portion (4) is lower.

9. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting block (14) for positioning the side edge of each guide rail (5) is provided on the edge of each positive surface (4-2).

10. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A brush or scraper is provided on the edge of the joint between the mobile device and the positive surface.

11. A horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 1, 5 or 10, characterized in that: The mobile device comprises a tailstock (6), a sub-spindle, a center frame (7), a tool rest, a sub-tool rest, a workpiece bracket, a loading and unloading device, a tool setting device, a measuring device, and a cleaning device.

12. The horizontal CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shady side (4-1) is inclined toward the ground.

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