TBM in-hole reverse disassembly method without expanding chamber

Abstract

The application discloses a TBM in-hole reverse dismounting method without expanding chamber, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing rear matching hoisting point construction, TBM retreat, continuous belt conveyor and air duct recovery; 2) installing a slide rail hoist; 3) dismounting a top shield, a side shield and a cutter disc edge block; 4) stopping the TBM; 5) performing power conversion; 6) sequentially dismounting No.6 to No.1 trolleys; 7) installing a TBM auxiliary dismounting device and constructing small auxiliary hoisting points; 8) dismounting a drill, an arch support installer and small parts of a propelling system; 9) dismounting a cutter disc center block, main bearings, a bottom shield and a main beam large part; 10) transporting the main beam, the bottom shield, the main bearings, the cutter disc center block and the cutter disc edge block outwards; 11) dismounting the TBM auxiliary dismounting device; and 12) completing the dismounting. The application has the advantages of reducing construction difficulty, facilitating and quickening the dismounting of the TBM without constructing a dismounting hole, improving the dismounting speed and efficiency and greatly shortening the construction period.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a TBM dismounting method, in particular to a TBM in-hole reverse dismounting method without expanding a chamber. BACKGROUND

[0002] TBM tunneling machines are used more and more in tunnel construction due to their rapid, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe characteristics. After the tunnel is connected, the TBM needs to be dismounted from the tunnel for subsequent construction work.

[0003] The existing TBM dismounting method generally uses the drill-and-blast method to construct a dismounting chamber before dismounting the TBM, and large hoisting equipment is arranged in the dismounting chamber to assist the TBM in dismounting. Due to the arrangement of large hoisting equipment in the dismounting chamber, considering the hoisting space of the TBM equipment and lifting devices, the dismounting chamber cross section is much larger than the TBM construction cross section, the dismounting chamber construction is difficult, the construction period is long, the cost is high, the subsequent lining construction is difficult, and it has a certain impact on the total project period.

[0004] The TBM mainly consists of a main machine area and a rear supporting area. The main machine area consists of a cutter head, a shield, a main bearing, a main beam, a support system, a shoe pushing system, a cutter head driving system, etc. The rear supporting area mainly consists of main machine supporting equipment (such as hydraulic pump stations, lubrication systems, power supply systems, water supply and drainage systems, etc.) and auxiliary supporting equipment (such as a muck removal system, a ventilation system, a dust removal system, a support system, a segment assembly system, and a material hoisting system, etc.). The TBM rear supporting area has many devices, the size is relatively small, and the weight is relatively light, so it can be assisted to remove by arranging lifting points on the top of the tunnel. The main machine area has large-sized and heavy equipment and accessories, which cannot be removed by using the arch lifting points without expanding the tunnel arch.

[0005] For some tunnel arrangements, due to terrain and other conditions, two TBMs are used for construction. In this case, the TBMs need to be removed in reverse. After the tunnel is connected, a dismounting chamber is constructed at the connection surface of the two TBMs, which is generally constructed by the drill-and-blast method. Under this condition, the dismounting chamber construction is extremely difficult, the ventilation, muck removal and supporting construction equipment operation are greatly affected by the TBM and its auxiliary equipment, the operation efficiency is low, the transportation and installation of large hoisting equipment are difficult, and it has a great impact on the construction period.

[0006] The application patent with the name "TBM disassembly construction method" is disclosed in CN113202491B, which comprises determining the tunneling stop position of TBM and the start and stop position of construction around hole according to the engineering geological conditions of the main hole exit, and determining the size of the disassembly interval in the main hole according to the size of the TBM main machine; after the TBM tunnels to the determined tunneling stop position along the main hole, the construction around hole is excavated and supported by the drill and blast method; the TBM tunneling main hole exit and the TBM disassembly interval are excavated and supported by using the construction around hole; the main machine and the rear matching of the TBM are synchronously disassembled by using the hoisting points and rock anchor beams added above the TBM rear matching and the TBM main machine. Although the patent discloses a TBM disassembly construction method, this method still has the problems of high construction difficulty, long construction period and high cost, and the subsequent lining construction is difficult, which has a certain influence on the total project period. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a TBM in-hole reverse disassembly method without expanding the chamber, which does not need to make a disassembly hole and facilitates the disassembly of TBM.

[0008] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the technical scheme, a TBM in-hole reverse disassembly method, which comprises the following steps: 1) simultaneously performing rear matching hoisting point construction, TBM retreat, continuous belt conveyor recovery and air duct recovery; 2) after the completion of the rear matching hoisting point construction, installing the slide rail crane; 3) disassembling the top shield, side shield and cutter disc edge block by moving the TBM back and forth; 4) stopping the TBM; 5) performing power conversion; 6) sequentially disassembling the No. 6, No. 5, No. 4, No. 3, No. 2 and No. 1 trolleys and transporting them out by the slide rail crane, and completing the disassembly of the rear matching; 7) installing the TBM auxiliary disassembly device and constructing a small auxiliary hoisting point in the tunnel; 8) disassembling and transporting out the small parts such as the drill, arch support installer and propulsion system by the small auxiliary hoisting point; 9) disassembling the cutter disc center block, main bearing, bottom shield and main beam by the TBM auxiliary disassembly device; 10) transporting out the main beam, bottom shield, main bearing, cutter disc center block and cutter disc edge block after the completion of the disassembly and transportation of the rear matching; 11) disassembling and transporting out the TBM auxiliary disassembly device; and 12) completing the disassembly of the TBM.

[0009] In the step 1), the recovery of the continuous belt conveyor comprises the following steps: ①, simultaneously disassembling and recovering the continuous belt, belt rack and accessories; ②, simultaneously disassembling and transporting out the out-of-tailing driving and auxiliary driving foundation; ③, disassembling and transporting out the belt storage bin; and ④, disassembling and transporting out the remaining parts of the out-of-tailing system.

[0010] The air duct recovery comprises the following steps: ①, disassembling and transporting out the force fan; and ②, disassembling and transporting out the ventilation pipeline.

[0011] In the present application, the TBM auxiliary dismounting device comprises a bearing device arranged at the bottom of the tunnel (1), a jacking and hoisting mechanism arranged on the bearing device, and a turnover device arranged on the bearing device and inside the jacking and hoisting mechanism.

[0012] The bearing device comprises a plurality of arc-shaped ground beams arranged in parallel and at intervals along the bottom of the tunnel, connecting plates arranged at both ends of the arc-shaped ground beams, longitudinal track beams arranged on the connecting plates at the same side, and a pair of tracks arranged in parallel on the longitudinal track beams; the jacking and hoisting mechanism is arranged on the tracks, and the turnover device is arranged on the arc-shaped ground beams and inside the longitudinal track beams.

[0013] In order to fix the arc-shaped ground beams, a plurality of anchor bolts are arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped ground beams, and the anchor bolts anchor the arc-shaped ground beams to the bottom of the tunnel.

[0014] In the present application, the jacking and hoisting mechanism comprises a portal device arranged on the tracks, and a jacking device arranged at the lower part of the portal device.

[0015] The portal device comprises a wheel pair arranged on the tracks, a portal longitudinal beam arranged horizontally on the wheel pair, an eight-shaped inclined column arranged on the portal longitudinal beam, a portal transverse beam arranged horizontally on the upper end surface of the eight-shaped inclined column, and a plurality of lifting lugs A arranged on the lower end surface of the portal transverse beam; the jacking mechanism is arranged on the portal longitudinal beam.

[0016] Further, in order to facilitate the connection of TBM parts, the portal device further comprises a detachable lifting lug tool, which comprises a lifting lug B, a connecting piece arranged at one end of the lifting lug B, bolt holes arranged at both ends of the connecting piece, and a connection of the lifting lug B with the TBM parts through the bolt holes and bolts; the lifting lug B is connected with the lifting lug A through a steel wire rope.

[0017] In order to facilitate the jacking of the TBM parts, the jacking device comprises a pair of jacks arranged vertically on the upper end surface of the portal longitudinal beam and located at the middle part of the portal longitudinal beam, a supporting plate arranged on the upper end surface of the jacks, and a groove arranged on the upper end surface of the supporting plate; the jacking device further comprises a jacking tool connected with the TBM parts and matched with the groove.

[0018] The jacking tool comprises a rotating shaft A, one end of the rotating shaft A is located in the groove, and the other end of the rotating shaft A is provided with a fixed plate A with bolt holes, and the fixed plate A is connected with the TBM parts through the bolt holes and bolts.

[0019] In order to facilitate the turnover of the TBM parts, the turnover device comprises a support frame arranged vertically on the arc-shaped ground beam and located inside the longitudinal track beam, a clamping groove arranged on the upper end surface of the support frame, and a turnover tool arranged in the clamping groove and used for connecting with the TBM parts.

[0020] Wherein, the turnover tooling includes a rotating shaft B, one end of the rotating shaft B is arranged in a clamping slot, and the other end is provided with a fixed plate B with a bolt hole, the fixed plate B is connected with the TBM part through the bolt hole and a bolt.

[0021] Further, a plurality of groups of transverse connecting beams are arranged between the portal longitudinal girders on both sides of the portal device; when the portal above the portal longitudinal girder cannot be installed, the transverse connecting beams are installed to ensure the stability of the portal and can be moved synchronously.

[0022] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the application has the advantages of effectively reducing construction difficulty and construction cost and being convenient to operate, and it can conveniently and quickly disassemble the TBM without needing to make a disassembly hole, thereby improving disassembly speed and efficiency, reducing disassembly cost, and greatly shortening the construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings of the application are as follows:

[0024] Figure 1 : TBM longitudinal section schematic diagram;

[0025] Figure 2 : TBM reverse disassembly longitudinal section arrangement schematic diagram;

[0026] Figure 3 : TBM disassembly jacking device transverse section schematic diagram;

[0027] Figure 4 : TBM disassembly hoisting device transverse section schematic diagram;

[0028] Figure 5 : TBM disassembly jacking and hoisting device longitudinal section schematic diagram;

[0029] Figure 6 : TBM main machine to be disassembled equipment and jacking and hoisting portal arrangement relationship schematic diagram;

[0030] Figure 7 : TBM rear supporting slide rail arrangement schematic diagram;

[0031] Figure 8 : TBM cutter head center block disassembly schematic diagram;

[0032] Figure 9 : TBM cutter head center block turnover transverse section schematic diagram;

[0033] Figure 10 : TBM cutter head center block turnover longitudinal section schematic diagram;

[0034] Figure 11 : TBM cutter head center block hoisting and transportation schematic diagram;

[0035] Figure 12 : Schematic diagram of TBM main bearing disassembly;

[0036] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the TBM main bearing upon flipping;

[0037] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the TBM main bearing flipped over;

[0038] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of TBM main bearing hoisting and transportation;

[0039] Figure 16 : Schematic diagram of TBM main beam disassembly. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Any improvements or substitutions based on the basic spirit of these embodiments shall still fall within the scope of protection claimed by the claims of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1, as Figures 1-16 As shown, a method for reverse dismantling of a TBM without enlarged chambers is described. The method includes the following steps: 1) Simultaneously constructing the rear supporting lifting points, retracting the TBM, recovering the continuous belt conveyor, and recovering the ventilation duct; 2) After the rear supporting lifting points are constructed, installing the sliding rail crane; 3) Removing the top shield, side shields, and cutterhead side blocks by reciprocating the TBM; 4) Stopping the TBM; 5) Switching the power supply; 6) Sequentially dismantling trolleys 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1, and transporting them out using the sliding rail crane. 7) Install TBM auxiliary dismantling device and construct small auxiliary lifting points inside the tunnel; 8) Dismantle and transport small components such as drilling rig, arch frame installer, and propulsion system using small auxiliary lifting points; 9) Dismantle large components such as cutterhead center block, main bearing, bottom shield, and main beam using TBM auxiliary dismantling device; 10) After the auxiliary dismantling and transportation are completed, transport the main beam, bottom shield, main bearing, cutterhead center block, and cutterhead side block; 11) Dismantle and transport the TBM auxiliary dismantling device; 12) TBM dismantling is complete.

[0042] In step 1), the recycling of the continuous belt conveyor includes the following steps: ① Simultaneously dismantling and recycling the continuous belt, belt frame and accessories; ② Simultaneously dismantling and transporting the slag discharge drive and the auxiliary drive foundation; ③ Dismantling and transporting the belt storage bin; ④ Dismantling and transporting the remaining components of the slag discharge system.

[0043] The process for recycling the ventilation duct is as follows: ① Dismantling and transporting the power fan; ② Dismantling and transporting the ventilation duct.

[0044] TBM disassembly: first, the cutting of the cutterhead weld, the TBM back off while removing the cutterhead and cutterhead center block 28 connecting bolts, the cutterhead edge block 27 piece by piece placed in the tunnel 1 bottom, the top shield 30 and side shield 31 and all TBM connecting parts are removed, they are fixed on the wall, move the TBM forward, the top shield 30 and side shield 31 are put down and transported out of the hole, at this time the main machine area remaining cutterhead center block 28, main bearing 24, bottom shield 29 and front section of the main beam 32, rear section of the main beam 33 and other components, except the area occupied by the bottom shield 29, the main machine area peripheral space has been opened, the area is used to install the lifting jib, the TBM main machine area to be removed equipment and lifting jib arrangement relationship as shown in Figure 6 The TBM is retreated, the main machine area disassembly operation space and component storage space are reserved, the cutterhead center block 28 and other equipment are adjusted to the predetermined position, and the support tool is set under the main beam and other components in the main machine area to ensure the stability and safety of the equipment during the disassembly of the support shoe 35, the saddle 36 and the rear support 37. At this time, the subsequent disassembly no longer needs the TBM operation, that is, the 20kv TBM special power supply can be cut off and the 10kv power supply can be connected. After the power supply conversion is completed, the rear supporting area disassembly and the main machine area disassembly can be carried out simultaneously.

[0045] After the lifting jib is installed, the cutterhead center block 28 is first removed and fixed on the lifting jib using the lifting tool. The connecting bolts between the cutterhead center block 28 and the main bearing 24 are removed to separate them. The jib is moved to the turnover device, the cutterhead center block 28 is placed flat using the turnover tool, and then hoisted and placed on the upper layer of the cutterhead edge block 27. Then the main drive 24, the bottom shield 29, the front section of the main beam 32, the rear support 37, the support shoe 35, the saddle 36 and the rear section of the main beam 33 are sequentially removed. All the equipment disassembled from the main machine area is temporarily stored in front of the rear supporting 38, and the rear supporting 38 is disassembled from rear to front. After one section is disassembled, it is transported out. After the rear supporting 38 is completely disassembled, the equipment in the main machine area is hoisted and transported out. After all the equipment is disassembled and transported out, the lifting jib and the curved girder 2 are disassembled, and the TBM disassembly is completed.

[0046] Rear supporting area disassembly: the rear supporting area is disassembled with the help of the vault slide rail. Two slide rails 40 are arranged longitudinally on the vault of the tunnel at the rear supporting position. The slide rails 40 are anchored on the wall with the foot anchor rod, and the hoisting winch is arranged on the slide rails 40. The slide rails 40 are made of special I-beam for lifting, and are arranged longitudinally along the center line of the vault of the tunnel with a lateral interval of 3 meters. The rear supporting trolley is disassembled from rear to front, and after one section is disassembled, it is immediately transported out of the hole using the rail car 26. Before disassembly, the connection between adjacent trolleys is released, the disassembled trolley is pulled to the lower part of the slide rail 40 using the rail car, and the hoisting winch arranged on the slide rail 40 is used for disassembly and lifting operation.

[0047] In the present application, the TBM auxiliary dismounting device comprises a bearing device arranged at the bottom of the tunnel 1, a jacking and hoisting mechanism arranged on the bearing device, and a turnover device arranged on the bearing device and inside the jacking and hoisting mechanism.

[0048] The bearing device comprises a plurality of arc-shaped ground beams 2 arranged in parallel and at intervals along the bottom of the tunnel 1, connecting plates 3 arranged at both ends of the arc-shaped ground beams 2, longitudinal track beams 4 arranged on the connecting plates 3 at the same side, and a pair of tracks 5 arranged in parallel on the longitudinal track beams 4. The jacking and hoisting mechanism is arranged on the tracks 5, and the turnover device is arranged on the arc-shaped ground beams 2 and inside the longitudinal track beams 4.

[0049] In order to facilitate the fixation of the arc-shaped ground beams 2, a plurality of locking foot anchor rods 6 are arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped ground beams 2 to anchor the arc-shaped ground beams 2 to the bottom of the tunnel 1. In the present application, the arc-shaped ground beams 2 are formed by welding two bent section steels in parallel, which are used to excavate the arc-shaped tunnel bottom arch. After welding, the cavity part can be filled with concrete to increase the bearing capacity. The arc-shaped ground beams 2 are arranged at the bottom of the tunnel 1 and arranged at intervals in the direction of the rock tunnel 1. Each arc-shaped ground beam 2 is anchored to the bottom of the tunnel by a locking foot anchor rod 6.

[0050] In order to facilitate the jacking of the TBM parts, the jacking and hoisting mechanism comprises a portal device arranged on the tracks 5, and a jacking device arranged at the lower part of the portal device.

[0051] The portal device comprises wheel pairs 7 arranged on the tracks 5, portal longitudinal beams 8 arranged horizontally on the wheel pairs 7, eight-shaped inclined columns 9 arranged on the portal longitudinal beams 8, portal cross beams 10 arranged horizontally on the upper end surfaces of the eight-shaped inclined columns 9, and a plurality of lifting lugs A 11 arranged on the lower end surfaces of the portal cross beams 10. The jacking mechanism is arranged on the portal longitudinal beams 8.

[0052] Further description, the portal device further comprises a detachable lifting lug tool, the detachable lifting lug tool comprises a lifting lug B 12, a connecting piece 13 arranged at one end of the lifting lug B 12, bolt holes arranged at both ends of the connecting piece 13, and the lifting lug B 12 connected with the TBM parts through the bolt holes and bolts. The lifting lug B 12 is connected with the lifting lug A 11 through a steel wire rope 14.

[0053] The jacking device comprises a pair of jacks 15 arranged vertically on the upper end surfaces of the portal longitudinal beams 8 and located at the middle part of the portal longitudinal beams 8, a supporting plate 16 arranged on the upper end surfaces of the jacks 15, and a groove 17 arranged on the upper end surfaces of the supporting plate 16. The jacking device further comprises a jacking tool connected with the TBM parts and matched with the groove 17.

[0054] Further described, the jacking tool includes a rotating shaft A18, one end of which is located in the groove 17, and the other end is provided with a fixed plate A19 with bolt holes, which is connected with the TBM part through the bolt holes and bolts.

[0055] In order to facilitate the turning of the TBM parts, the turning device includes a support frame 20 vertically arranged on the arc-shaped ground beam 2 and located inside the longitudinal rail beam 4, a clamping groove 21 is arranged on the upper end surface of the support frame 20, and a turning tool for connecting with the lower part of the TBM part is arranged in the clamping groove 21.

[0056] Among them, the turning tool includes a rotating shaft B22, one end of which is arranged in the clamping groove 21, and the other end is provided with a fixed plate B23 with bolt holes, which is connected with the TBM part through the bolt holes and bolts.

[0057] Further, a plurality of transverse connecting beams 39 are arranged between the portal longitudinal beams 8 on both sides of the portal device. When the portal cannot be installed above the portal longitudinal beam 8, the installation of the transverse connecting beam 39 ensures the stability and synchronous movement of the portal.

[0058] The specific operation of the device is as follows:

[0059] Take the removal of the main bearing 24 as an example; the main bearing 24 is large in size and heavy in weight, and occupies a large space in the tunnel 1, so that the hoisting and disassembly space is not enough, and the disassembly method of using jacking, turning and finally hoisting and transporting is used.

[0060] Before removing the main bearing 24, the cutter head edge block 27, the top shield 30 and the side shield 31 of the TBM are removed first, then the arc-shaped ground beam 2 is installed before and after the main drive, the longitudinal rail beam 4 is erected, and finally the jacking and hoisting mechanism is assembled.

[0061] The jacking hoisting gantry mechanism is moved to the main bearing 24, the jacking tool and the jack 15 are installed, the jacking tool is fixed on both sides of the main bearing 24 by using bolts, the jacking tool needs to be installed on both sides above the gravity center of the main bearing 24, the main bearing 24 is jacked up to be separated from the bottom support and can still be kept stable by relying on its own weight. The rotating shaft A18 on the jacking tool is located above the jack 15, the supporting plate 16 above the jack 15 is installed, and the rotating shaft A18 on the jacking tool is just located in the groove 17 above the supporting plate 16; all the bolts connecting the TBM and the main bearing are removed, the jacks 15 on both sides are synchronously jacked up, the main bearing 24 is separated from the support of the bottom shield, the gantry device is moved forward, and the main bearing 24 is moved to the turnover device. The turnover tool is installed on the main bearing 24, the main bearing 24 is hung on the gantry device by using the detachable lifting lugs on the main bearing 24 and the steel wire rope 14 and the hand-operated hoist, the jack 15 is lowered, the jacking tool is removed, the gantry device is slowly moved, and the steel wire rope 14 is synchronously loosened, so that the main bearing 24 is turned over from the vertical state to the horizontal state, the sleepers 25 are placed below the main bearing 24, and the main bearing 24 is horizontally placed. The turnover tool on the main bearing 24 is removed, detachable lifting lug tools are installed on four sides, the gantry device is used again to hoist it, the main bearing 24 is moved to the transport rail plate car 26, and the rail locomotive is used to transport it out of the tunnel.

Claims

1. A method for reverse disassembly of a TBM in-gate without enlargement of the chamber, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: 1) simultaneously performing post-matching hoisting point construction, TBM backing, continuous belt conveyor recovery and air duct recovery; 2) after the post-matching hoisting point construction is completed, installing a slide rail hoist; 3) removing the top shield, side shield and cutter disc edge block by moving the TBM back and forth; 4) stopping the TBM; 5) performing power conversion; 6) sequentially removing the No. 6, No. 5, No. 4, No. 3, No. 2 and No. 1 trolleys and transporting them out by the slide rail hoist, thereby completing the post-matching removal; 7) installing a TBM auxiliary dismounting device and constructing a small auxiliary hoisting point in the tunnel; 8) dismounting and transporting out the drill, arch frame installer and small parts of the propulsion system by the small auxiliary hoisting point; 9) dismounting the cutter disc center block, main bearing, bottom shield and main beam large parts by the TBM auxiliary dismounting device; 10) transporting out the main beam, bottom shield, main bearing, cutter disc center block and cutter disc edge block after the post-matching removal is completed; 11) dismounting and transporting out the TBM auxiliary dismounting device; and 12) completing the TBM dismounting. The TBM auxiliary dismounting device comprises a bearing device arranged at the bottom of the tunnel (1), a jacking and hoisting mechanism arranged on the bearing device, and a turnover device arranged on the bearing device and inside the jacking and hoisting mechanism. The bearing device comprises a plurality of arc-shaped girders (2) arranged in parallel and at intervals at the bottom of the tunnel (1), connecting plates (3) arranged at both ends of the arc-shaped girders (2), longitudinal track girders (4) arranged on the connecting plates (3) on the same side, and a pair of tracks (5) arranged in parallel on the longitudinal track girders (4). The turnover device comprises a support frame (20) arranged vertically on the arc-shaped girders (2) and inside the longitudinal track girders (4), a clamping groove (21) arranged on the upper end surface of the support frame (20), and a turnover tool arranged in the clamping groove (21) and used for connecting with the lower part of the TBM part. The turnover tool comprises a rotating shaft B (22), one end of the rotating shaft B (22) is arranged in the clamping groove (21), the other end is provided with a fixed plate B (23) with a bolt hole, and the fixed plate B (23) is connected with the TBM part through the bolt hole and a bolt. In the step 1), the recovery of the continuous belt conveyor comprises the following steps: ①, simultaneously dismounting and recovering the continuous belt, belt frame and accessories; ②, simultaneously dismounting and transporting out the out-mucking drive and the auxiliary drive foundation; ③, dismounting and transporting out the belt storage bin; and ④, dismounting and transporting out the remaining parts of the out-mucking system. After the power conversion is completed, the post-matching area removal and the main machine area removal can be simultaneously performed. The air duct recovery comprises the following steps: ①, dismounting and transporting out the force fan; and ②, dismounting and transporting out the ventilation pipeline.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises, The bottom of the arc-shaped girder (2) is provided with a plurality of lock foot anchor rods (6), and the lock foot anchor rods (6) anchor the arc-shaped girder (2) at the bottom of the tunnel (1).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises: removing the TBM from the tunnel by pulling the TBM in the direction opposite to the direction in which the TBM was installed in the tunnel. The jacking and hoisting mechanism comprises a portal device arranged on the track (5), and a jacking device arranged at the lower part of the portal device.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises: ​ 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: The portal device comprises wheel pairs (7) arranged on the tracks (5), portal longitudinal beams (8) horizontally arranged on the wheel pairs (7), splayed columns (9) arranged on the portal longitudinal beams (8), portal transverse beams (10) horizontally arranged on the upper end faces of the splayed columns (9), and a plurality of lifting lugs A (11) arranged on the lower end faces of the portal transverse beams (10); the jacking mechanism is arranged on the portal longitudinal beams (8).

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: The portal device further comprises detachable lifting lug tooling, which comprises lifting lug B (12), connecting pieces (13) arranged on one end of the lifting lug B (12), bolt holes arranged on both ends of the connecting pieces (13), and the lifting lug B (12) connected to the TBM parts through the bolt holes and bolts; the lifting lug B (12) is connected to the lifting lug A (11) through a steel wire rope (14).

7. The TBM in-got no-enlarged chamber reverse disassembly method of claim 6, wherein: The jacking device comprises a pair of jacks (15) vertically arranged on the upper end faces of the portal longitudinal beams (8) and located at the middle portions of the portal longitudinal beams (8), a supporting plate (16) arranged on the upper end faces of the jacks (15), and a groove (17) arranged on the upper end faces of the supporting plate (16); the jacking device further comprises a jacking tooling connected to the TBM parts and matched with the groove (17).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: The jacking tooling comprises a rotating shaft A (18), one end of the rotating shaft A (18) located in the groove (17), and a fixed plate A (19) with bolt holes arranged on the other end of the rotating shaft A (18); the fixed plate A (19) is connected to the TBM parts through the bolt holes and bolts.

9. The reverse disassembly method of claim 5, wherein: A plurality of groups of transverse connecting beams (39) are arranged between the portal longitudinal beams (8) on both sides of the portal device.

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