Automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation

Abstract

This invention provides an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation. By automatically measuring the tilt, cracks, and misalignments of each segment on the convergence monitoring section using monitoring units installed on each segment and a wireless data acquisition gateway, the system achieves high-precision, stable, and real-time automated monitoring of tunnel convergence deformation at that section. This solves the problems of poor automation, large size, high cost, complex installation, and difficult maintenance in existing technologies for subway tunnel convergence monitoring applications. It features fast monitoring speed, stability, and is not limited by subway operation, while reducing the impact on subway operation and improving maintenance efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction monitoring and management in building engineering, and in particular to an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of infrastructure construction in my country, there are more and more underground tunnel projects. For subway tunnels, shield tunneling is often used to excavate and prefabricated segments are used to assemble the various sections of the tunnel.

[0003] Due to changes in the surrounding rock foundation or soil, various factors in design and construction, and soil disturbance caused by other underground engineering construction, the tunnel structure will deform. The deformation is manifested in the circular tunnel segments of the subway as tilting, cracks, and misalignment of each segment. In order to ensure the safety of the tunnel, it is necessary to monitor the tunnel deformation in a timely manner during construction and operation and maintenance, which is usually referred to as tunnel convergence measurement.

[0004] Tunnel convergence measurement methods, both domestically and internationally, can be broadly categorized into three types:

[0005] One method is to use a convergence meter for manual measurement. Two convergence measurement points are set at the upper part of the tunnel waist and buried on both sides at the lower part of the waist. The distance between each point is measured by a linear displacement meter, and then the tunnel convergence change is judged based on the distance results.

[0006] One method involves using instruments such as levels, total stations, and 3D laser scanners inside the tunnel to measure the distances between target points and then using geometric calculations to obtain the distances between monitoring points.

[0007] The two methods mentioned above can only be used to enter the tunnel for measurement when the subway is not in operation. They require manual operation and have poor automation. In addition, the environment inside the subway tunnel is complex, such as dim lighting, poor visibility, and narrow space, which will have an adverse effect on the measurement work and may cause large errors.

[0008] One automated method is the so-called measurement robot, which involves installing a high-precision total station at a fixed location in the tunnel to mechanically scan and measure multiple monitoring points. Combined with data acquisition and transmission equipment, and even computers, it completes the automated measurement of tunnel convergence. However, this method is costly, has a long measurement cycle, is inefficient, and cannot accurately reflect the deformation of adjacent structures within the tunnel. The measurement robot method is essentially a combination of high-precision laser ranging and an electronic turntable, which is susceptible to adverse environmental conditions such as dust, dirt, or fog. The harsh environment of the subway also damages the accuracy of the electronic turntable and affects its lifespan.

[0009] One method involves using a hinged connection between the ends of a tunnel to install multiple tilt sensors in a ring shape inside the tunnel, forming a closed monitoring loop. If the tunnel deforms, the angle changes of the tilt sensors on each detection rod are used to fit the tunnel's convergence changes. However, this method is difficult to install and maintain, and involves a large amount of work. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation to solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art.

[0011] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation, comprising: monitoring units respectively configured corresponding to multiple tunnel segments arranged and spliced ​​on the convergence monitoring section, for measuring convergence deformation-related monitoring data of the convergence monitoring section; wherein, the convergence deformation-related monitoring data includes: segment tilt data, inter-segment crack data, and misalignment change data; and a wireless data acquisition gateway configured on the convergence monitoring section and connected to each monitoring unit, for supplying power to each monitoring unit and transmitting the convergence deformation-related monitoring data measured by each monitoring unit to a monitoring platform for monitoring the convergence deformation of the convergence monitoring section.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, each monitoring unit includes: an inclination measuring component, a crack measuring component, and a misalignment measuring component disposed near the splice point between the current segment and the next segment; wherein the inclination measuring component, the crack measuring component, and the misalignment measuring component are connected via a communication bus.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tilt measurement component includes: a first tilt measurement module for measuring first rotation angle data; wherein the first rotation angle data is used to measure the tilt data of the corresponding current segment; the crack measurement component includes: a second tilt measurement module for measuring second rotation angle data; wherein the second rotation angle data is used to measure the inter-segment crack data between the current segment and the next segment; the misalignment measurement component includes: a third tilt measurement module for measuring third rotation angle data; wherein the third rotation angle data is used to measure the misalignment change data between the current segment and the next segment.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tilt measuring component is installed at one end of the current segment via a tilt monitoring bracket; the crack measuring component is installed between both sides of the joint between the current segment and the next segment via a crack monitoring bracket, and is installed parallel to the inner surface of the current segment; the misalignment measuring component is installed on one side of the joint between the current segment and the next segment via a misalignment monitoring bracket, and is installed parallel to the inner surface of the current segment.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tilt measuring component includes: a first control module electrically connected to and controlling the first tilt measuring module; the crack measuring component includes: a second control module electrically connected to and controlling the second tilt measuring module; and the misalignment measuring component includes: a third control module electrically connected to and controlling the third tilt measuring module.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first control module is used to calculate the segment tilt angle corresponding to the current segment based on the measured first rotation angle data; the second control module is used to calculate the inter-segment crack width between the current segment and the next segment based on the measured second rotation angle data; and the third control module is used to calculate the misalignment radial displacement change value between the current segment and the next segment based on the measured third rotation angle data.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring platform monitors the convergence deformation of the convergence monitoring section by: calculating tunnel convergence change data based on tunnel design parameters and the segment tilt angle of the current segment, the inter-segment crack width between the current segment and the next segment, and the radial displacement change value of the misalignment between the current segment and the next segment calculated by each monitoring unit.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel convergence fitting algorithm includes: establishing a polar coordinate system based on the tunnel design parameters; wherein the tunnel design parameters include: the design polar angle corresponding to each segment joint and the inner diameter of the lining structure; correcting the initial rotation angle of the lining structure by calculating the radial and tangential displacements of the starting point and the ending point of each segment in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction in the polar coordinate system to obtain the corrected initial rotation angle of the lining structure; based on the corrected initial rotation angle of the lining structure, obtaining the radial and tangential displacements of the starting point and the ending point of each segment in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions in the polar coordinate system, and obtaining the top and bottom convergence deformations of the lining structure in the clockwise direction and the top and bottom convergence deformations of the lining structure in the counterclockwise direction respectively; calculating the tunnel convergence change data based on the top and bottom convergence deformations of the lining structure in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tilt measuring component includes: a first temperature sensor module for a first control module electrically connected thereto to correct errors in the first rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data; the crack measuring component includes: a second temperature sensor module for a second control module electrically connected thereto to correct errors in the second rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data; and the misalignment measuring component includes: a third temperature sensor module for a third control module electrically connected thereto to correct errors in the third rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless data acquisition gateway and tilt measurement components, crack measurement components and misalignment measurement components in each monitoring unit are connected in series via a communication bus.

[0021] As described above, the automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by automatically measuring the tilt, cracks, and misalignments of each segment on the monitoring section through monitoring units and wireless data acquisition gateways installed on each segment of the convergence monitoring section, the system achieves high-precision, stable, and real-time automated monitoring of tunnel convergence deformation of the section. This solves the problems of poor automation, large size, high cost, complex installation, and difficult maintenance in the application of existing technologies for subway tunnel convergence monitoring. It features fast monitoring speed, stability, and is not restricted by subway operation, while reducing the impact on subway operation and improving operation and maintenance efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the segment splicing area in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the monitoring unit in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the first fixing member in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the second fastener in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a crack monitoring bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a misalignment monitoring bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a polar coordinate schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features described therein can be combined with each other.

[0032] It should be noted that in the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that other embodiments may also be used, and changes in mechanical composition, structure, electrical system, and operation may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The following detailed description should not be considered limiting, and the scope of the embodiments of the invention is defined only by the claims of the published patents. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. Spatially related terms, such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “below,” “below,” “lower part,” “above,” “upper part,” etc., may be used herein to illustrate the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figures and another element or feature.

[0033] Furthermore, as used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It should be further understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” indicate the presence of the stated feature, operation, element, component, item, kind, and / or group, but do not preclude the presence, occurrence, or addition of one or more other features, operations, elements, components, items, kinds, and / or groups. The terms “or” and “and / or” as used herein are interpreted as inclusive, or mean any one or any combination thereof. Thus, “A, B, or C” or “A, B, and / or C” means “any one of: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B, and C.” Exceptions to this definition arise only when combinations of elements, functions, or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some manner.

[0034] This invention provides an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation. By automatically measuring the tilt, cracks, and misalignments of each segment on the convergence monitoring section using monitoring units installed on each segment and a wireless data acquisition gateway, the system achieves high-precision, stable, and real-time automated monitoring of tunnel convergence deformation at that section. This solves the problems of poor automation, large size, high cost, complex installation, and difficult maintenance in existing technologies for subway tunnel convergence monitoring applications. It features fast monitoring speed, stability, and is not limited by subway operation, while reducing the impact on subway operation and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0035] The following is an appendix Figure 1 For reference, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can readily implement the invention. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0036] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a schematic representation of an automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation in one embodiment.

[0037] The system includes:

[0038] Multiple spliced ​​tunnel segments are installed on the convergence monitoring section (six are shown in the figure as an example, including segments 1-6); the shape of the spliced ​​tunnel segments is set according to the shape of the tunnel or the shape of the convergence monitoring section. Figure 1 Taking a circular ring as an example; for instance, the convergence monitoring section of a circular tunnel is a ring spliced ​​from tunnel segments;

[0039] Specifically, tunnels are typically constructed using precast segment assembly. Due to the structural characteristics of precast segments, their high strength allows them to be considered rigid bodies. After assembly, tunnel deformation caused by external forces and the weight of the tunnel segments, resulting in deformation of the soil and rock, is usually reflected at the ends of each segment. Changes in the inclination angle of each segment end, as well as variations in the size of cracks and misalignments at segment connections, accurately reflect the deformation of each segment. It should be noted that the size of each segment can be customized according to requirements; for example, segment 1 may be smaller than segments 2-6. Figure 2 The figure shows the deformation at the end of the tube segment, where θ i denoted as the inclination angle at the end of the segment, Di as the width of the crack between segments, and Si as the radial displacement change of the misalignment.

[0040] The automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation includes:

[0041] Monitoring units (6 units are shown in the figure, including monitoring units 1-6, which are set in sequence to correspond to the multiple segments set and spliced ​​on the convergence monitoring section) are used to measure the convergence deformation related monitoring data of the convergence monitoring section; wherein, the convergence deformation related monitoring data includes: segment tilt data, inter-segment crack data, and misalignment change data.

[0042] A wireless data acquisition gateway 3 is installed on the convergence monitoring section and connected to each monitoring unit. It is used to supply power to each monitoring unit and transmit the convergence deformation related monitoring data measured by each monitoring unit to the monitoring platform (not labeled) for the convergence deformation monitoring of the convergence monitoring section.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, each monitoring unit includes: tilt measuring component 211, crack measuring component 212, and misalignment measuring component 213; wherein, the tilt measuring component 211, crack measuring component 212, and misalignment measuring component 213 are connected via a communication bus.

[0044] Furthermore, the tilt measuring component 211, the crack measuring component 212, and the misalignment measuring component 213 are respectively installed near the splice of the current segment and the next segment; the tilt measuring component 211 is installed at one end of the current segment near the splice, corresponding to the splice; the crack measuring component 212 is installed between the two sides of the splice between the current segment and the next segment, and the misalignment measuring component 213 is installed on one side of the splice between the current segment and the next segment, that is, it is installed on the side of the splice corresponding to the current segment.

[0045] In one embodiment, the tilt measurement component 211 includes: a first tilt measurement module 2111 for measuring first rotation angle data; wherein the first rotation angle data is used to measure the tilt data of the segment corresponding to the current segment; the crack measurement component 212 includes: a second tilt measurement module 2121 for measuring second rotation angle data; wherein the second rotation angle data is used to measure the inter-segment crack data between the current segment and the next segment; the misalignment measurement component 213 includes: a third tilt measurement module 2131 for measuring third rotation angle data; wherein the third rotation angle data is used to measure the misalignment change data between the current segment and the next segment.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the tilt measuring component is installed at one end of the current segment via a tilt monitoring bracket; the crack measuring component is installed between both sides of the joint between the current segment and the next segment via a crack monitoring bracket, and is installed parallel to the inner surface of the current segment, ensuring that the detection surface of the crack measuring component is parallel to the segment; the misalignment measuring component is installed on one side of the joint between the current segment and the next segment via a misalignment monitoring bracket, and is installed parallel to the inner surface of the current segment, ensuring that the misalignment detection surface is parallel to the segment.

[0047] Preferred, such as Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, the crack monitoring bracket and the misalignment monitoring bracket are both composed of a first fixing member 51 and a second fixing member 52; which are respectively fixedly installed on the current segment and the next segment, i.e. on both sides of the splice seam;

[0048] The first fixing member 51 has a first outer surface, and the first outer surface is provided with a shaft portion 5111; the second fixing member 52 has a second outer surface; the second outer surface is provided with a support portion 5211, and the support portion 5211 has a support surface on the side facing the first fixing member 51;

[0049] The crack measuring component and the misalignment measuring component are connected to the shaft 5111 and can rotate around it. The crack measuring component and the misalignment measuring component are overlapped to the support surface so as to move along the support surface as the distance between the first fixing member and the second fixing member changes.

[0050] Furthermore, the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52 are L-shaped, including a first mounting part and a second mounting part that are vertically connected. The surface where the first mounting part 511 and the second mounting part 512 of the first fixing member 51 are connected can be set as the first outer surface, on which a shaft part is provided. Alternatively, the surface that is not connected to the second mounting part can be set as the first outer surface. Similarly, the surface where the first mounting part 521 and the second mounting part 522 of the second fixing member 52 are connected can be set as the first outer surface, on which a support part is provided. Alternatively, the surface that is not connected to the second mounting part 522 can be set as the second outer surface.

[0051] In possible implementations, the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52 can be plate-shaped, block-shaped, strip-shaped or other shapes; the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52 can be directly fixed to the tube segment by means of riveting, for example, or they can be fixed to the tube segment by means of welding, riveting or bonding.

[0052] In possible implementations, the shaft portion 5111 can be a cylindrical shaft or a shaft hole. In this embodiment, the shaft portion 5111 is in the form of a shaft, and correspondingly, the crack measuring component and the misalignment measuring component can be provided with a hole portion that fits into the shaft portion 5111; of course, the connection between the crack measuring component and the misalignment measuring component and the shaft portion 112 does not necessarily need to be fitted together, as long as there is a limiting force between them.

[0053] The second outer surface is provided with a support portion 5211. In this embodiment, the support portion 5211 may be a protrusion protruding from the second outer surface. The support portion 5211 has a support surface on the side facing the first fixing member 51, and the support surface is for the closer ends of the crack measuring component and the misalignment measuring component to overlap.

[0054] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the crack measuring component 212 is installed between the two sides of the splice seam between the current segment and the next segment, supported by a first fixing member 51 and a second fixing member 52 placed in the same direction and parallel to each other. The crack measuring component 212 can rotate around the axis of the crack monitoring bracket, and one end of it overlaps the support surface. Changes in the width of the crack will cause changes in the distance between the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52. If the crack measuring component 212 always overlaps the support surface, it will move along the support surface. If the crack extends longitudinally, if the crack widens, the distance between the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52 will widen, and the support surface will move accordingly. Under the action of gravity, the crack measuring component 212 will rotate downward around the axis, and the end of it overlapping the support surface will also move downward along the support surface. The crack measuring component 212 can monitor cracks by collecting its rotation angle data. Conversely, when the crack shrinks, the distance between the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52 decreases, and the crack measuring component 212 rotates upward, and its upward rotation angle data can be collected.

[0055] like Figure 7As shown, the misalignment measuring component 213 is installed on one side of the joint between the current segment and the next segment, supported by the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52 placed in opposite parallel positions. Specifically, it can be installed on one side of the current segment. The misalignment measuring component 213 can rotate around the axis of the misalignment monitoring bracket, with one end overlapping the support surface. Changes in the misalignment of the segments will cause changes in the longitudinal position of the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52. If the misalignment measuring component 213 remains overlapping the support surface, it will move along the support surface. If the next segment moves upward relative to the current segment, the support surface will also move accordingly, and the misalignment measuring component 213 will rotate upward around the axis under the action of the lifting force, causing the end overlapping the support surface to move upward along the support surface. The misalignment measuring component 213 can monitor the radial displacement of the misalignment by collecting its rotation angle data. Conversely, when it moves downward relative to the current segment, the distance between the first fixing member 51 and the second fixing member 52 decreases, and the misalignment measuring component 213 will rotate downward around the axis under the action of gravity, and the rotation angle data of its downward rotation can be collected.

[0056] In one embodiment, the tilt monitoring bracket is similar in shape to the first fixing member and the second fixing member 1, and has an L-shaped structure. It is installed near the joint corresponding to the current segment end and includes a first mounting part and a second mounting part that are vertically connected. The first mounting part 511 or the second mounting part 512 can be provided with a mounting member for installing the tilt measuring component at one end of the current segment. Of course, the first fixing member can be used directly for installation.

[0057] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the tilt measuring component 211 includes: a first control module 2112, which is electrically connected to and controls the first tilt measuring module 2112; the crack measuring component 212 includes: a second control module 2122, which is electrically connected to and controls the second tilt measuring module 2121; and the misalignment measuring component 213 includes: a third control module 2132, which is electrically connected to and controls the third tilt measuring module 2131.

[0058] Optionally, the first control module 2112 is used to calculate the segment tilt angle corresponding to the current segment based on the measured first rotation angle data;

[0059] The second control module 2122 is used to calculate the inter-segment crack width between the current segment and the next segment based on the measured second rotation angle data. The inter-segment crack width can be calculated based on the geometric model of the mechanical structure of the crack measuring component and the crack monitoring bracket, and the change in the geometric model caused by the mechanical motion corresponding to the rotation angle data. For example, assuming the crack measuring component is approximately the shape of a line with a length of L, and an initial crack width of S0; when the crack width increases by S, the distance between the component installed on both sides of the crack and the support surface and shaft increases by S. At this time, the crack measuring component slides downwards from point A along the support surface to point B. Correspondingly, the monitoring component rotates around the shaft by an angle ∠AOB; the extension of the bottom contour line OA of the wireless crack monitoring device intersects the parallel line of the bracket at point P, with an included angle of ∠OPB; according to trigonometric function relationships: the length of line segment AB is L... AB = 2 * L * Sin(∠AOB / 2) According to the trigonometric function relationship: S / Sin(∠PBA) = LAB / Sin(∠OPB); ∠PBA = 180° - ∠AOB - ∠OPB; S = LAB * Sin(∠PBA) / Sin(∠OPB); S = 2 * L * Sin(∠AOB / 2) * Sin(180 - ∠AOB - ∠OPB); From this, we can obtain the initial angle of intersection with the support and the angle of change after the crack expands, and then calculate the crack expansion width S; For ease of calculation, optionally, the wireless crack monitoring device can be installed horizontally during installation, and the initial installation angle can be considered to be zero. The extension of the bottom outline OA forms a 45° angle with the support, that is: ∠OPB = 45°. Thus, the formula is simplified to: S = 2 * L * Sin(LAOB / 2) * Sin(135° - LAOB);

[0060] The third control module 2132 is used to calculate the change in radial displacement between the current segment and the next segment based on the measured third rotation angle data. Its calculation method is similar to that of the second control module 2122, and therefore will not be described in detail here.

[0061] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the wireless data acquisition gateway and the tilt measurement components, crack measurement components, and misalignment measurement components in each monitoring unit are connected in series via a single communication bus 6. That is, each monitoring unit has one input and one output communication bus, and a single bus cable can connect all the tilt measurement components, crack measurement components, and misalignment measurement components; simultaneously, the bus cable can be easily fixed to the crack support.

[0062] In one embodiment, the wireless data acquisition gateway 3 supports multiple wireless methods, such as WIFI, NB-IoT, 4G, 5G, and LoRa, to connect to the monitoring platform.

[0063] In one embodiment, the communication bus 6 includes an RS485 bus or a CAN bus.

[0064] In one embodiment, the tilt measuring component, the crack measuring component, and the misalignment measuring component each include: a temperature sensing module for collecting temperature data.

[0065] Specifically, the tilt measuring component 211 includes: a first temperature sensor module 2113 for collecting temperature data; the crack measuring component 212 includes: a second temperature sensor module 2123 for collecting temperature data; and the misalignment measuring component 213 includes: a third temperature sensor module 2131 for collecting temperature data.

[0066] Furthermore, since the operating temperature of the sensor will affect the data it collects, for example, the rotation angle data of the tilt sensor will be affected by its operating temperature; therefore, in some embodiments, the rotation angle data can be compensated by the collected temperature data.

[0067] Optionally, the tilt measuring component 211 includes: a first temperature sensor module 2113, for the first control module 2112 electrically connected thereto to correct the error of the first rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data; the crack measuring component 212 includes: a second temperature sensor module 2123, for the second control module 2122 electrically connected thereto to correct the error of the second rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data; the misalignment measuring component 213 includes: a third temperature sensor module 2133, for the third control module 2132 electrically connected thereto to correct the error of the third rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data.

[0068] In one or more embodiments, the compensation model for the rotation angle data can be defined by the user, for example, in polynomial form, such as Offcorr = a*T 3 + b*T 2 - c*Td, where Offcorr is the calculated compensation value, and a, b, c, and d are parameters. This formula uses a cubic temperature curve model to simulate the actual situation to calculate the compensation value. Of course, in other embodiments, more exponential curves (such as fourth, fifth, etc.) or quadratic curves can also be used to achieve this, and it is not limited to this embodiment.

[0069] In one embodiment, when tunnel deformation occurs, the segment tilt, inter-segment crack width, and radial misalignment monitored by each monitoring unit may change. The calculation is performed based on the angle values ​​uploaded by each tilt measuring component, crack measuring component, and misalignment measuring component, combined with the design polar angle φ corresponding to each joint in the tunnel design and the inner diameter R of the lining structure. The calculation method is described below:

[0070] The monitoring platform monitors the convergence deformation of the convergence monitoring section in the following ways:

[0071] Based on the tunnel convergence fitting algorithm, tunnel convergence change data are calculated according to tunnel design parameters and the corresponding segment tilt angle, inter-segment crack width between the current segment and the next segment, and the radial displacement change value of misalignment between the current segment and the next segment calculated by each monitoring unit.

[0072] In one embodiment, the tunnel convergence fitting algorithm includes:

[0073] A polar coordinate system is established based on the tunnel design parameters; wherein, the tunnel design parameters include: the design polar angle corresponding to each segment joint and the inner diameter of the lining structure; specifically, such as... Figure 8 As shown, design parameters are obtained, and a polar coordinate system is established according to the shield tunnel design and assembly method; and the crack measurement component is set to open as positive and compaction as negative; the tilt measurement component is set to open of the inner arc surface as positive and compaction as negative; the misalignment measurement component is set to move the segment inward in a clockwise direction as positive and move the segment outward in a clockwise direction as negative.

[0074] The initial rotation angle of the lining structure is corrected by calculating the radial and tangential displacements of the starting point and the ending point of each segment in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction in the polar coordinate system, so as to obtain the corrected initial rotation angle of the lining structure.

[0075] Specifically, to prevent measurement errors from causing the calculated deformation to be incomplete, the measurement data should be corrected, and the corrected result should be reflected in the initial rotation angle of the lining structure at 0° in the coordinate system.

[0076] First let According to the formula, from Begin by calculating the radial and tangential displacements of each segment in a clockwise direction:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Where, Δu i With Δv i These are the radial and tangential displacements of segment i at its clockwise endpoint, respectively; u i With v i These are the radial and tangential displacements at the starting point of segment i; and These are the design polar angles of the starting and ending points of segment i, respectively. Generally, the design polar angles of the starting point of segment i and the ending point of segment i-1 coincide. θ i-1 This is the measured rotation angle of connector i. Each time Δu is calculated... i With Δvi Then, the order was given:

[0080] u i+1 =Δu i +S i

[0081] v i+1 =Δv i +D i

[0082] Where S i With D i These are the measured readings of the misalignment measuring component and the crack measuring component at joint i, respectively. Then, Δu is calculated iteratively again. i+1 With Δv i+1 Until calculation

[0083] Because the lining structure is The displacement is continuous, therefore from Iterate to The resulting radial displacement should also be 0, that is:

[0084]

[0085] If the above formula is not zero when calculated based on the measured joint displacement, the initial rotation angle θ0 of the lining structure should be adjusted until the above formula is valid within the error range. Theoretically, the adjustment range of θ0 is within... Let θ be the initial rotation angle of the modified lining structure. a0 .

[0086] Or, first let According to the formula, from Initially, the radial and tangential displacements of each segment are calculated counterclockwise, and the initial rotation angle of the corrected lining structure is obtained as θ. a0 The calculation method is similar to that of clockwise direction, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0087] Based on the corrected initial rotation angle of the lining structure, the radial and tangential displacements of the starting point and the ending point of each segment are obtained in the polar coordinate system along the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The top and bottom convergence deformations of the lining structure in the corresponding clockwise direction and the top and bottom convergence deformations of the lining structure in the corresponding counterclockwise direction are also obtained.

[0088] Specifically, starting from coordinate 0°, the calculation proceeds clockwise:

[0089] Calculate the displacement at the end point of segment 1:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] Calculate the displacement at the starting point of segment 2:

[0093] The calculated displacement at the end point of segment 1, plus the measured values ​​of D1 and S1 at joint 1, gives the displacement at the starting point of segment 2.

[0094] u2=Δu1+S1; (5)

[0095] v2 = Δv1 + D1; (6)

[0096] Where u2 is the radial displacement of the starting point of segment 2, and v2 is the tangential displacement of the starting point of segment 2.

[0097] Calculate the end displacement of segment 2:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Where θ1 is the measured value of the rotation angle of connector 1; and These are the design polar angles of joint 1 and joint 2, respectively; R is the design inner diameter of the lining structure.

[0101] Calculate the displacement at the starting point of segment 3:

[0102] The calculated displacement at the end point of segment 2, plus the measured values ​​of D2 and S2 at joint 2, gives the displacement at the starting point of segment 3.

[0103] u3=Δu2+S2; (9)

[0104] v3=Δv2+D2; (10)

[0105] Where u3 is the radial displacement of the starting point of segment 3, and v3 is the tangential displacement of the starting point of segment 3.

[0106] Calculate the displacement at the end point of segment 3:

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] Calculate the displacement at the starting point of segment 4:

[0110] The calculated displacement at the end point of segment 3, plus the measured values ​​of D3 and S3 at joint 3, gives the displacement at the starting point of segment 4.

[0111] u4=Δu3+S3; (13)

[0112] v4=Δv3+D3; (14)

[0113] Where u4 is the radial displacement of the starting point of segment 4, and v4 is the tangential displacement of the starting point of segment 4.

[0114] Calculate the convergence deformation of the top and bottom of the lining structure in the corresponding clockwise direction:

[0115]

[0116] Then, starting again from the top 0°, this time calculate the radial and tangential displacements of the starting points and ending points of segments 1, 6, 5, and 4 in a counterclockwise direction, and the corresponding counterclockwise convergence deformation V of the lining structure at the top and bottom. L The process is similar to the steps described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0117] The tunnel convergence variation data are obtained by calculating the convergence deformation of the top and bottom of the lining structure in the clockwise direction and the convergence deformation of the top and bottom of the lining structure in the counterclockwise direction.

[0118] Specifically, the tunnel convergence change data is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] The convergence deformation calculation results are positive when the radial direction is inward and negative when the radial direction is outward.

[0121] To better describe the automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation, the following specific embodiments are provided for illustration;

[0122] Example 1: Automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation; Figure 9 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation in this embodiment.

[0123] The automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation includes:

[0124] Each segment of each convergence monitoring section is equipped with one monitoring group, for a total of 6 monitoring groups. Each monitoring group includes: an inclinometer, a crack gauge containing an inclinometer, and a misalignment gauge.

[0125] For ease of installation and maintenance, an inclinometer is installed at one end of the tunnel segment to measure the inclination angle θ. Further, an inclinometer is installed between both sides of the joint between two tunnel segments. Using the matching detection structure and its installation method, the change in inclination angle measured by the inclinometer is used to measure the crack change value D. The crack gauge is installed parallel to the inner surface of the tunnel segment via a crack monitoring bracket, ensuring that the crack gauge's detection surface is parallel to the tunnel segment. Additionally, an inclinometer is installed on one side of the joint between two tunnel segments. Using the matching detection structure and its installation method, the change in inclination angle measured by the inclinometer is used to measure the misalignment change value S. The inclinometer is installed parallel to the inner surface of the tunnel segment via a misalignment monitoring bracket, ensuring that the misalignment detection surface is parallel to the tunnel segment, and detecting the diameter... The system measures the displacement of the segments. All inclinometers used automatically monitor the X, Y, and Z orientations of the inclinometer body and the ambient temperature during operation. First, based on the measured inclination values ​​of the tunnel segments, and after temperature compensation, the inclinometer calculates the inclination angle changes θ1 to θ6 at both ends of each joint. Then, based on the inclination measurements of the support bracket at the crack joints, the crack width changes D1 to D6 between each tunnel segment are calculated. Finally, based on the inclination measurements of the support bracket at the misalignment measurement points at the cracks in the tunnel segments, the misalignment measurement system calculates the radial misalignment S1 to S6 at each tunnel segment joint. After directly calculating the measurement data, we obtain the inclination, crack, and misalignment detection data for each tunnel segment. This data can be directly submitted for operation and maintenance use.

[0126] When tunnel deformation occurs, each inclinometer can monitor the inclination of each segment, as well as the changes in the width of cracks between segments and radial misalignment; all measurements are reported to the platform as raw angle and temperature values. Each inclinometer communicates via a bus and is powered via a bus cable; each inclinometer has one input and one output communication bus, and a single bus cable can connect all inclinometers in the loop; the bus cable can also be easily fixed to the crack support.

[0127] A wireless data acquisition gateway is set up at each convergence monitoring section. In this monitoring system, a wireless data acquisition gateway is set up to connect all the crack gauges in the loop, power each inclinometer, and collect and transmit the monitoring data from each inclinometer. The wireless data acquisition gateway can electrically connect to each inclinometer via a data bus (RS485, CAN, etc.). The wireless data acquisition gateway also supports multiple wireless methods, including WIFI, NB-IoT, 4G, 5G, and LoRa, to connect to the monitoring platform. The monitoring platform calculates the tunnel convergence variation based on the crack width variations D1 to D6 in all directions (top, sides, and ground) inside the tunnel, the inclination angle variations θ1 to θ6 at both ends of each joint, and the radial misalignment S1 to S6 of each joint. After obtaining the tunnel monitoring data, the platform calculates the tunnel convergence variation based on the design polar angles φ1 to φ6 corresponding to each joint and the inner diameter R of the lining structure.

[0128] This embodiment uses an inclinometer in conjunction with different supports to measure tilt, cracks, and misalignments. High-precision, stable, and real-time automated monitoring of tunnel convergence deformation at this section is achieved through automated measurement of the tilt, cracks, and misalignments of each segment. The core of this tunnel convergence deformation monitoring method is to calculate tunnel convergence by comprehensively detecting the tilt angle of the assembled circular tunnel segments and the changes in cracks and misalignments between the segments.

[0129] In summary, the tunnel convergence deformation automated monitoring system of this invention achieves high-precision, stable, and real-time automated monitoring of tunnel convergence deformation at the monitoring section by automatically measuring the tilt, cracks, and misalignments of each segment on the monitoring section using monitoring units installed on each segment and a wireless data acquisition gateway. This solves the problems of poor automation, large size, high cost, complex installation, and difficult maintenance in existing technologies for subway tunnel convergence monitoring applications. It features fast monitoring speed, stability, and independence from subway operation restrictions, while reducing the impact on subway operations and improving maintenance efficiency. Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of existing technologies and has high industrial application value.

[0130] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation, characterized in that, include: Monitoring units are respectively set up and spliced ​​on the convergence monitoring section, corresponding to multiple pipe segments, for measuring convergence deformation-related monitoring data of the convergence monitoring section; wherein, the convergence deformation-related monitoring data includes: pipe segment tilt data, inter-segment crack data, and misalignment change data; wherein, each monitoring unit includes: an tilt measuring component, a crack measuring component, and a misalignment measuring component set near the splice of the current pipe segment and the next pipe segment; wherein, the tilt measuring component, the crack measuring component, and the misalignment measuring component are connected through a communication bus; wherein, the tilt measuring component is installed at one end of the current pipe segment through a tilt monitoring bracket; the crack measuring component is installed on both sides of the splice between the current pipe segment and the next pipe segment through a crack monitoring bracket, and is installed parallel to the inner surface of the current pipe segment; the misalignment measuring component is installed on one side of the splice between the current pipe segment and the next pipe segment through a misalignment monitoring bracket, and is installed parallel to the inner surface of the current pipe segment; A wireless data acquisition gateway is installed on the convergence monitoring section and connected to each monitoring unit. It is used to supply power to each monitoring unit and transmit the convergence deformation related monitoring data measured by each monitoring unit to the monitoring platform for convergence deformation monitoring of the convergence monitoring section. The wireless data acquisition gateway and the tilt measurement component, crack measurement component and misalignment measurement component in each monitoring unit are connected in series through a communication bus. The monitoring platform monitors the convergence deformation of the convergence monitoring section in the following ways: Based on the tunnel convergence fitting algorithm, the tunnel convergence change data is calculated according to the tunnel design parameters and the corresponding segment tilt angle, the inter-segment crack width between the current segment and the next segment, and the radial displacement change value of the misalignment between the current segment and the next segment calculated by each monitoring unit. The tunnel convergence fitting algorithm includes: A polar coordinate system is established based on the tunnel design parameters; wherein, the tunnel design parameters include: the design polar angle corresponding to each segment joint and the inner diameter of the lining structure; The initial rotation angle of the lining structure is corrected by calculating the radial and tangential displacements of the starting point and the ending point of each segment in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction in the polar coordinate system, so as to obtain the corrected initial rotation angle of the lining structure. Based on the corrected initial rotation angle of the lining structure, the radial and tangential displacements of the starting point and the ending point of each segment are obtained in the polar coordinate system along the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. The top and bottom convergence deformations of the lining structure in the corresponding clockwise direction and the top and bottom convergence deformations of the lining structure in the corresponding counterclockwise direction are also obtained. The tunnel convergence variation data are obtained by calculating the convergence deformation of the top and bottom of the lining structure in the clockwise direction and the convergence deformation of the top and bottom of the lining structure in the counterclockwise direction. The tunnel convergence change data is as follows: In the formula, V R V represents the clockwise convergence deformation of the lining structure at the top and bottom. L This indicates the top and bottom convergence deformation of the lining structure in a counterclockwise direction.

2. The automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tilt measurement component includes: a first tilt measurement module for measuring first rotation angle data; wherein the first rotation angle data is used to measure the tilt data of the corresponding current segment; the crack measurement component includes: a second tilt measurement module for measuring second rotation angle data; wherein the second rotation angle data is used to measure the inter-segment crack data between the current segment and the next segment; the misalignment measurement component includes: a third tilt measurement module for measuring third rotation angle data; wherein the third rotation angle data is used to measure the misalignment change data between the current segment and the next segment.

3. The automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tilt measurement component includes: a first control module electrically connected to and controlling the first tilt measurement module; the crack measurement component includes: a second control module electrically connected to and controlling the second tilt measurement module; the misalignment measurement component includes: a third control module electrically connected to and controlling the third tilt measurement module.

4. The automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first control module is used to calculate the tilt angle of the current segment based on the measured first rotation angle data; the second control module is used to calculate the inter-segment crack width between the current segment and the next segment based on the measured second rotation angle data; and the third control module is used to calculate the radial displacement change value of the misalignment between the current segment and the next segment based on the measured third rotation angle data.

5. The automated monitoring system for tunnel convergence deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tilt measuring component includes: a first temperature sensor module, for which the first control module electrically connected to it corrects the error of the first rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data; the crack measuring component includes: a second temperature sensor module, for which the second control module electrically connected to it corrects the error of the second rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data; the misalignment measuring component includes: a third temperature sensor module, for which the third control module electrically connected to it corrects the error of the third rotation angle data based on the collected temperature data.

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