A coal mine exploitation protection device with dust fall function and a protection method

Abstract

The application discloses a coal mining protection device with dust falling function and a protection method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining. The coal mining protection device with dust falling function comprises a supporting plate and a supporting beam, a dust removal assembly is installed on the supporting beam, the supporting plate is provided with two, and a supporting positioning mechanism is installed on the left and right ends of the supporting beam. Two air suction plates will swing to the adjacent side along with the hinging of the supporting plate. At this time, the bottoms of the supporting plates on the two sides will slowly tilt to the two sides. When the whole collapses to a certain degree, the bottom of the air suction plate will be in contact with the ground. At this time, the bottom of the air suction plate will be matched with the supporting plate, the second supporting pipe and the ground plate. The two sides of the device will form two triangles composed of the supporting plate, the ground plate and the air suction plate to support the whole frame, so that the space for a person to squat or lie down to walk is kept, the secondary protection of workers after collapse is provided, and safer protection of workers in dangerous situations is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a protective device and method for coal mining with dust suppression function. Background Technology

[0002] A coal mine is an area where humans extract coal resources from coal-rich geological formations. It is generally divided into underground coal mines and open-pit coal mines. When the coal seam is far from the surface, underground tunnels are typically dug to extract the coal; this is an underground coal mine. When the coal seam is very close to the surface, the surface soil is typically stripped away to extract the coal; this is an open-pit coal mine. The vast majority of coal mines in my country are underground mines. A coal mine encompasses a large area, including both above-ground and underground sections, as well as related facilities. A coal mine is a rationally excavated space created by humans when mining coal-rich geological strata, typically including tunnels, shafts, and working faces.

[0003] With the rapid development of the national economy, the market demand for coal is also increasing. Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from underground or open-pit mines for people to use. In the process of underground coal mining, in order to prevent the mine tunnels from collapsing, it is necessary to support and protect the mine tunnels.

[0004] However, in existing coal mine tunnels, the structures used to support the tunnels do not have corresponding safety structures. When the main support structure breaks, the entire support structure will not only fail to protect the workers, but will also fall with the falling rocks, aggravating the tunnel collapse. In addition, the tunnels are dusty and cannot be ventilated and evacuated in time, causing significant damage to the workers' lungs due to dust. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that the support structure cannot continue to provide protection after it breaks and that dust inside the mine tunnel cannot be removed. Therefore, this invention proposes a protective device for coal mines with dust reduction function.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A protective device for coal mine operation with dust suppression function includes a support plate and a support beam. A dust removal component is installed on the support beam. There are two support plates. Support positioning mechanisms are installed at both ends of the support beam. The left and right ends of the support beam are respectively connected to the top of the adjacent support plate through the support positioning mechanisms. The dust removal component is used to adsorb air in the area and filter floating dust.

[0008] To protect the top of the dust removal assembly, preferably, a top frame is installed on the top of the support beam, and the bottom of the top frame is fixedly connected to the support beam.

[0009] To make the entire structure more stable, preferably, multiple first support tubes are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the bottom of the support beam, and the ends of the multiple first support tubes away from the support beam are rotatably connected to the adjacent support plate.

[0010] In order to adjust the height of the device, preferably, the bottom of both support plates is threaded with multiple second support tubes, the bottom ends of the multiple second support tubes are rotatably connected to a floor, and the bottom of the multiple floor is equipped with multiple spikes.

[0011] In order to adsorb dust in the air inside the mine tunnel, preferably, the dust removal assembly includes a dust removal pump, an air inlet pipe, an air suction plate, and an air distribution box. The top ends of the two air suction plates are rotatably connected to the adjacent support plates. The dust removal pump is fixedly connected to the top of the support beam, and the front and rear ends of the dust removal pump are engaged with the air distribution box. There are two air inlet pipes, one end of which is connected to the dust removal pump, and the other end of which is connected to the adjacent air suction plate. Electromagnets for adsorbing the bottom of the adjacent air suction plates are installed on both support plates.

[0012] In order to disperse and adsorb dust and improve absorption efficiency, multiple suction holes are provided on the adjacent side of the two suction plates, and the absorption direction of the multiple suction holes is inclined downward.

[0013] In order to change the air outlet direction of the diffuser box to air outlet from top to bottom, the diffuser box is further equipped with multiple air outlet pipes, and the bottom of each of the multiple air outlet pipes is threaded with a filter pipe.

[0014] In order to adjust and fix the angle between the support plate and the support beam, the support positioning mechanism preferably includes a first positioning plate, a second positioning plate, positioning holes, a rotating shaft, and positioning pins. The first positioning plate is fixedly connected to the support beam, the second positioning plate is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the rear end of the rotating shaft passes through the second positioning plate and the first positioning plate and is rotatably connected to the back of the first positioning plate. Both the first and second positioning plates have multiple positioning holes, and a rotating shaft is inserted between two adjacent positioning holes on the first and second positioning plates.

[0015] In order to provide lighting for the mine tunnel, multiple mine lamps are fixedly installed at the bottom of the support beam, and all the mine lamps are located at the bottom of the adjacent filter duct.

[0016] A method for protecting coal mines with dust suppression devices, the method comprising the following steps;

[0017] Step A: After transporting the device to the corresponding mine tunnel, rotate the two second support pipes to adjust the overall height, and rotate the first support pipe to adjust the angle between the two support plates and the support beam so that the shape formed by the support plates, support beams and top frame can match the surface of the mine tunnel for support. At this time, multiple ground spikes at the bottom of the floor can be inserted into the ground for fixation. After the overall positioning is completed, align the multiple positioning holes on the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate and insert the positioning pins to fix it.

[0018] Step B: Activate the dust removal component. Dust in the passageway provided for workers under the support beam will be sucked in through the suction holes on both sides of the suction plate, purified by the dust removal component, and discharged from the top. The discharged airflow will also blow towards the surface of the miner's lamp, blowing away the floating dust on the surface of the miner's lamp and increasing the overall brightness of the miner's lamp.

[0019] Step C: When the mine collapses, the top frame will first be pressed down and gradually sink until the pressure sensor is pressed down. This will cause the electromagnet to lose power and stop attracting the suction plates. The two suction plates will then swing to the adjacent side as they are hinged with the support plate. At this time, the bottom of the support plates on both sides will slowly tilt to the sides. When the whole collapses to a certain extent, the bottom of the suction plates will contact the ground. At this time, it will cooperate with the support plate, the second support pipe and the floor. The two sides of the device will form two triangles composed of the support plate, the floor and the suction plates, supporting the entire frame.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This dust suppression protective device for coal mines, equipped with support plates, support beams, and roof frames, can support the entire mine tunnel while being adjustable to different heights and shapes. It is also easy to install and remove, and can be disassembled and removed from the mine tunnel after a period of operation for maintenance before being put back into use. This effectively improves the device's support effect on the mine tunnel and extends its service life.

[0022] 2. The coal mine adopts a protective device with dust reduction function. By setting up dust removal components, it can carry out dust removal work in the parts of the mine tunnel that workers need to pass through. Moreover, the multiple air suction holes in the dust removal components can adsorb dust and other harmful substances in the nearby mine tunnel from all directions, and finally spray the purified air from the top, thus protecting the health of the workers.

[0023] 3. This dust suppression protective device for coal mines, equipped with a pressure sensor, electromagnet, and suction plates, features a protective structure. When the mine collapses and presses down on the pressure sensor, the electromagnet loses power and stops attracting the suction plates. The two suction plates then swing to adjacent sides via their hinged connection with the support plates. At this point, the bottoms of the support plates gradually tilt to the sides. When the entire structure collapses to a certain extent, the bottom of the suction plates contacts the ground. This, in conjunction with the support plates, the second support pipe, and the floor lining, forms two triangles on either side of the device, supporting the entire frame and maintaining a space where a person can crouch or lie down to walk. This provides workers with secondary protection after a collapse, offering greater safety in dangerous situations. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram from a first perspective of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram from a second perspective of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure proposed in this invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of the present invention when the pressure sensor is pressed down;

[0028] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a top sectional view of the support beam in this invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a front cross-sectional view of the connection between the air outlet duct and the filter duct in this invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 11. Support plate; 12. Support beam; 13. Top frame; 14. Ground spike; 15. First support pipe; 16. Second support pipe; 17. Flooring; 21. Dust removal pump; 22. Air inlet pipe; 23. Suction plate; 24. Suction hole; 25. Air outlet pipe; 26. Dispersion box; 27. Pressure sensor; 28. Electromagnet; 29. ​​Filter duct; 31. First positioning plate; 32. Second positioning plate; 33. Positioning socket; 34. Rotating shaft; 35. Positioning pin; 4. Miner's lamp. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0034] Reference Figure 1-7 A protective device for coal mine operation with dust reduction function includes a support plate 11 and a support beam 12. A dust removal component is installed on the support beam 12. There are two support plates 11. Support positioning mechanisms are installed at both ends of the support beam 12. The left and right ends of the support beam 12 are respectively connected to the top of the adjacent support plate 11 through the support positioning mechanisms. The dust removal component is used to adsorb the air in the area and filter the floating dust.

[0035] In one embodiment, a top frame 13 is mounted on the top of the support beam 12, and the bottom of the top frame 13 is fixedly connected to the support beam 12.

[0036] A top frame 13 is provided to protect the top of the dust removal assembly.

[0037] In one embodiment, multiple first support tubes 15 are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the bottom of the support beam 12, and the ends of the multiple first support tubes 15 away from the support beam 12 are rotatably connected to the adjacent support plate 11.

[0038] The first support tube 15 is provided, which can form a triangular support with the support plate 11 and the support beam 12, so that the whole structure can be supported more stably.

[0039] The number of first support tubes 15 can be 5-20.

[0040] In one embodiment, the bottom of each of the two support plates 11 is threaded with a plurality of second support tubes 16, the bottom ends of the plurality of second support tubes 16 are rotatably connected with a flooring 17, and the bottom of the plurality of flooring 17 is equipped with a plurality of spikes 14.

[0041] The number of second support tubes 16 and flooring 17 can be 10-20, and the number of ground spikes 14 on each flooring 17 can be 5-20.

[0042] Furthermore, the internal structure of the first support tube 15 is the same as the connection structure of the support plate 11 and the second support tube 16. It is equipped with a second support tube 16 and a floor 17, which can adjust the height of the device. It is also equipped with a ground spike 14 that can be inserted into the ground to further fix the floor 17.

[0043] In one embodiment, the dust removal assembly includes a dust removal pump 21, an air inlet pipe 22, an air suction plate 23, and an air distribution box 26. The top ends of the two air suction plates 23 are rotatably connected to the adjacent support plates 11. The dust removal pump 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the support beam 12, and the front and rear ends of the dust removal pump 21 are engaged with the air distribution box 26. There are two air inlet pipes 22, one end of which is connected to the dust removal pump 21, and the other end of which is connected to the adjacent air suction plate 23. Electromagnets 28 for adsorbing the bottom of the adjacent air suction plates 23 are installed on both support plates 11.

[0044] It is equipped with a dust removal component that can adsorb dust in the air inside the mine tunnel.

[0045] In one embodiment, multiple suction holes 24 are provided on each side of the two suction plates 23 adjacent to each other, and the suction direction of the multiple suction holes 24 is inclined downward.

[0046] Multiple suction holes 24 are provided to disperse and adsorb dust, improving absorption efficiency, and the number of suction holes 24 can be 32-128.

[0047] In one embodiment, the air outlet of the air distribution box 26 is connected to a plurality of air outlet pipes 25, and the bottom of the plurality of air outlet pipes 25 is threadedly connected to a filter air pipe 29.

[0048] The system is equipped with multiple air outlet ducts 25 and filter ducts 29, which can change the air outlet direction of the diffuser box 26 to be from top to bottom.

[0049] The number of air outlet ducts 25 and filter ducts 29 can both be 6-12.

[0050] In one embodiment, the support positioning mechanism includes a first positioning disk 31, a second positioning disk 32, positioning holes 33, a rotating shaft 34, and a positioning pin 35. The first positioning disk 31 is fixedly connected to the support beam 12, and the second positioning disk 32 is fixedly connected to the support plate 11. The rear end of the rotating shaft 34 passes through the second positioning disk 32 and the first positioning disk 31 and is rotatably connected to the back of the first positioning disk 31. Both the first positioning disk 31 and the second positioning disk 32 are provided with multiple positioning holes 33, and a rotating shaft 34 is inserted between two adjacent positioning holes 33 on the first positioning disk 31 and the second positioning disk 32.

[0051] A support positioning mechanism is provided, which can adjust the angle between the support plate 11 and the support beam 12 and fix this angle.

[0052] The number of positioning holes 33 and positioning pins 35 on each of the first positioning disk 31 and the second positioning disk 32 can be 8-16.

[0053] In one embodiment, a plurality of mine lamps 4 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the support beam 12, and the plurality of mine lamps 4 are all located at the bottom of adjacent filter ducts 29.

[0054] The number of miner lamps 4 can be 4-8.

[0055] A mine lamp 4 is installed to illuminate the mine tunnel.

[0056] A method for protecting coal mines with dust suppression devices, the method comprising the following steps;

[0057] Step A: After transporting the device to the corresponding mine tunnel, rotate the two second support pipes 16 to adjust the overall height, and rotate the first support pipe 15 to adjust the angle between the two support plates 11 and the support beam 12 so that the shape formed by the support plates 11, the support beam 12 and the top frame 13 can match and support the surface of the mine tunnel. At this time, the multiple ground spikes 14 at the bottom of the floor 17 can be inserted into the ground for fixation. After the overall positioning is completed, align the multiple positioning holes 33 on the first positioning plate 31 and the second positioning plate 32 and insert the positioning pins 35 to fix it.

[0058] Step B: Activate the dust removal component. Dust in the passageway provided for workers under the support beam 12 will be sucked in through the suction holes 24 on the suction plates 23 on both sides, purified by the dust removal component, and discharged from the top. The discharged airflow will also blow towards the surface of the miner lamp 4, blowing away the floating dust on the surface of the miner lamp 4 and increasing the overall brightness of the miner lamp 4.

[0059] Step C: When the mine collapses, the top frame 13 will be pressed down and gradually sink until the pressure sensor 27 is pressed down. Then the electromagnet 28 will be de-energized and will no longer attract the suction plate 23. The two suction plates 23 will swing to the adjacent side as they are hinged to the support plate 11. At this time, the bottom of the support plates 11 on both sides will slowly tilt to both sides. When the whole collapses to a certain extent, the bottom of the suction plate 23 will contact the ground. At this time, it will cooperate with the support plate 11, the second support pipe 16 and the floor 17. The two sides of the device will form two triangles composed of the support plate 11, the floor 17 and the suction plate 23, supporting the entire frame.

[0060] In this invention, the device uses a support plate 11, a support beam 12, and a top frame 13 as the main support components. After the device is transported to the corresponding mine tunnel, the two second support pipes 16 are rotated to adjust the overall height, and the first support pipe 15 is rotated to adjust the angle between the two support plates 11 and the support beam 12, so that the shape formed by the support plates 11, the support beam 12, and the top frame 13 can match and support the surface of the mine tunnel. At this time, the multiple ground spikes 14 at the bottom of the floor 17 can be inserted into the ground for fixation. After the whole device is positioned, the multiple positioning holes 33 on the first positioning plate 31 and the second positioning plate 32 are aligned, and then the positioning pins 35 are inserted to fix the support plates 11 and the support beam 12. At this time, the entire device is assembled.

[0061] Then, the dust removal assembly is activated. Inside the dust removal assembly, the dust removal pump 21 forms a dust collector throughout the mine tunnel. The mine tunnel gas is drawn in through the suction holes 24 on the suction plates 23 on both sides, and finally enters the air distribution box 26 through the suction plates 23, the air inlet pipe 22, the dust removal pump 21, and the air distribution box 26. The air distribution box 26 disperses the gas into multiple air outlet pipes 25 and filter pipes 29, and finally discharges it evenly from the multiple filter pipes 29. This airflow direction will cause a large amount of dust to accumulate in the filter screen of the filter pipe 29. When the staff inspects it after a period of time, they can rotate and remove the filter pipe 29 to replace it with a new one, and then take the old filter pipe 29 away for cleaning. It can not only effectively and comprehensively remove dust, but also continuously circulate, making cleaning convenient.

[0062] Furthermore, the airflow discharged from the filter duct 29 will also blow onto the surface of the mine lamp 4, blowing away the floating dust on the surface of the mine lamp 4 and increasing the overall brightness of the mine lamp 4; and when the mine collapses, the top frame 13 of the device will be pressed down first and then gradually sink until the pressure sensor 27 is pressed down, which will cause the electromagnet 28 to be de-energized and no longer attract the suction plate 23. The two suction plates 23 will then swing to the adjacent side as they are hinged with the support plate 11. At this time, the bottom of the support plates 11 on both sides will slowly tilt to both sides. When the whole collapses to a certain extent, the bottom of the suction plate 23 will contact the ground. At this time, it will cooperate with the support plate 11, the second support pipe 16 and the floor 17. The two sides of the device will form two triangles composed of the support plate 11, the floor 17 and the suction plate 23, supporting the entire frame and providing secondary protection after the collapse.

[0063] All controllers and electronic components used in this invention can be installed in appropriate sizes and models according to actual conditions, while ensuring that the functions of this invention can be realized.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A protective device for coal mine mining with dust suppression function, comprising a support plate (11) and a support beam (12), characterized in that, A dust removal assembly is installed on the support beam (12); There are two support plates (11), and support positioning mechanisms are installed at both the left and right ends of the support beam (12). The left and right ends of the support beam (12) are respectively connected to the top of the adjacent support plate (11) through the support positioning mechanism; in, The dust removal component is used to adsorb air in the area and filter floating dust; A top frame (13) is installed on the top of the support beam (12). Multiple second support pipes (16) are threaded to the bottom of the two support plates (11). The bottom ends of the multiple second support pipes (16) are rotatably connected to a floor plate (17). The dust removal assembly includes a dust removal pump (21), an air inlet pipe (22), a suction plate (23), and a diffuser box (26). The top of the suction plate (23) is rotatably connected to the adjacent support plate (11). The dust removal pump (21) is fixedly connected to the top of the support beam (12), and the front and rear ends of the dust removal pump (21) are engaged with the diffuser box (26). There are two air inlet pipes (22). One end of each air inlet pipe (22) is connected to the dust removal pump (21), and the other end of each air inlet pipe (22) is connected to the adjacent suction plate (23). The two support plates (11) are... Each is equipped with an electromagnet (28) for adsorbing the bottom of the adjacent suction plate (23); multiple suction holes (24) are opened on the adjacent side of the two suction plates (23); when the mine collapses, the top frame (13) will be pressed down first and then gradually sink until the pressure sensor (27) is pressed down, which will cause the electromagnet (28) to be de-energized and no longer adsorb the suction plate (23). The two suction plates (23) will swing to the adjacent side as they are hinged with the support plate (11). At this time, the bottom of the support plate (11) on both sides will slowly tilt to both sides. When the whole collapses to a certain extent, the bottom of the suction plate (23) will contact the ground. At this time, it will cooperate with the support plate (11), the second support pipe (16) and the floor (17). The two sides of the device will form two triangles composed of the support plate (11), the floor (17) and the suction plate (23), supporting the entire frame.

2. A protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the top frame (13) is fixedly connected to the support beam (12).

3. A protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple first support tubes (15) are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the bottom of the support beam (12). The ends of the plurality of first support tubes (15) away from the support beam (12) are rotatably connected to the adjacent support plate (11).

4. A protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple spikes (14) are installed on the bottom of multiple floor tiles (17).

5. A protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function according to claim 4, characterized in that, Furthermore, the absorption direction of all of the aforementioned air intake holes (24) is tilted downwards.

6. A protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air outlet of the air distribution box (26) is connected to multiple air outlet pipes (25), and the bottom of each of the multiple air outlet pipes (25) is threaded with a filter air pipe (29).

7. A protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support and positioning mechanism includes a first positioning plate (31), a second positioning plate (32), a positioning socket (33), a rotating shaft (34), and a positioning pin (35). The first positioning plate (31) is fixedly connected to the support beam (12), and the second positioning plate (32) is fixedly connected to the support plate (11); The rear end of the rotating shaft (34) passes through the second positioning disk (32) and the first positioning disk (31) and is rotatably connected to the back of the first positioning disk (31); The first positioning plate (31) and the second positioning plate (32) are provided with multiple positioning holes (33), and a rotating shaft (34) is inserted between two adjacent positioning holes (33) on the first positioning plate (31) and the second positioning plate (32).

8. A protective device for coal mine operations with dust suppression function according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple mining lamps (4) are fixedly installed at the bottom of the support beam (12), and the multiple mining lamps (4) are all located at the bottom of the adjacent filter duct (29).

9. A protective method for a coal mine mining protective device with dust suppression function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protection method includes the following steps; Step A: After transporting the device to the corresponding mine tunnel, rotate the two second support pipes (16) to adjust the overall height, and rotate the first support pipe (15) to adjust the angle between the two support plates (11) and the support beam (12) so that the shape formed by the support plate (11), the support beam (12) and the top frame (13) can match the surface of the mine tunnel for support. At this time, the multiple ground spikes (14) at the bottom of the floor (17) can be inserted into the ground for fixation. After the overall positioning is completed, align the multiple positioning holes (33) on the first positioning plate (31) and the second positioning plate (32) and insert the positioning pins (35) to fix it. Step B: Start the dust removal assembly. The dust in the passageway provided for workers under the support beam (12) will be sucked in by the suction holes (24) on the suction plates (23) on both sides and then discharged from the top after being purified by the dust removal assembly. The discharged airflow will also blow towards the surface of the miner's lamp (4), blowing away the floating dust on the surface of the miner's lamp (4) and increasing the overall brightness of the miner's lamp (4). Step C: When the mine collapses, the top frame (13) will be pressed down and gradually sink until the pressure sensor (27) is pressed down. Then the electromagnet (28) will be de-energized and will no longer attract the suction plate (23). The two suction plates (23) will swing to the adjacent side as they are hinged with the support plate (11). At this time, the bottom of the support plates (11) on both sides will slowly tilt to both sides. When the whole collapses to a certain extent, the bottom of the suction plate (23) will contact the ground. At this time, it will cooperate with the support plate (11), the second support pipe (16) and the floor (17). The two sides of the device will form two triangles composed of the support plate (11), the floor (17) and the suction plate (23), supporting the entire frame.

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