Borehole Wall Dislocation Displacement Measurement System and Method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a measurement system and method for the dislocation displacement of a borehole wall. The method includes: creating at least one plane view, obtaining the upper intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass in the plane view, and obtaining the lower intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the lower wall rock mass; creating a plane coordinate system of the structural plane; projecting the upper intersection line of the structural plane and the lower intersection line of the structural plane along the Y-axis of the plane coordinate system in the plane coordinate system; obtaining the plane coordinates of the upper intersection line of the structural plane and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the plane coordinate system according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper intersection line of the structural plane and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the three-dimensional geometric shape; fitting a general ellipse equation, calculating the shortest distance from the plane coordinates to the general ellipse to obtain the relative coordinates of two ellipse points of the optimal general ellipse equation; and calculating the dislocation displacement between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass according to the relative coordinates of the two ellipse points and the occurrence information of the structural plane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological surveying, and more particularly, to a borehole wall dislocation displacement measurement system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of economic and national defense construction, large-scale infrastructure projects have been successively launched, especially in the fields of hydropower development, transportation, energy storage, resource extraction, nuclear waste storage, and important national defense projects. Most of these major projects are based on rock masses, and those skilled in the art inevitably pay attention to issues such as rock mass structure and in-situ stress.

[0003] The rock mass structure consists of two basic units: structural planes and structural bodies. The shape, scale, properties, combination mode, and connection characteristics of structural planes and structural bodies determine the inherent characteristics of the rock mass. Usually, according to the geological category, integrity of the rock mass, and the type, level, combination, and development degree of structural planes, the rock mass is divided into integral massive structure, layered structure, fractured structure, and dispersed structure, etc. Detecting the type of rock mass structure is of great significance for determining the stability of the rock mass under engineering loads. The research on structural planes has always been an important direction of concern in the fields of rock mechanics and engineering geology at home and abroad.

[0004] In-situ stress is the force per unit area inside the medium caused by rock deformation and is one of the basic occurrence environments of the rock mass, mainly composed of self-weight stress, tectonic stress, etc. The existence of in-situ stress affects the bearing capacity, deformation, and failure mechanism of the rock mass. Measuring the in-situ stress in the rock mass has theoretical and practical significance for geological structure research, earthquake prediction, and the solution of related problems in engineering such as mines, water conservancy, and national defense, and is one of the important contents of geomechanics research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, on the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for measuring the dislocation displacement of a borehole wall. The method includes: creating at least one planar view, where the planar view at least represents an upper wall rock mass, a lower wall rock mass, and a vertical structural plane located between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass, and the geometric relationship between the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass; obtaining a strike line where the structural plane intersects any horizontal plane, and creating an inclined line that is perpendicular to the strike line and slopes downward with the structural plane; obtaining the attitude information of the structural plane according to the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall and the geometric relationship; obtaining an upper intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass in the planar view, and obtaining a lower intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the lower wall rock mass; creating a planar coordinate system of the structural plane, where the X-axis of the planar coordinate system is the inclination direction of the inclined line, and the Y-axis is coplanar with the inclined line; projecting the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane along the Y-axis of the planar coordinate system in the planar coordinate system; obtaining the planar coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the planar coordinate system according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the three-dimensional geometric shape; fitting a general ellipse equation, and calculating the shortest distance from the planar coordinates to the general ellipse according to the least squares method to obtain the relative coordinates of two ellipse points of the optimal general ellipse equation; calculating the dislocation displacement between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass according to the relative coordinates of the two ellipse points and the attitude information of the structural plane.

[0006] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention discloses a measurement system for the displacement of the misaligned borehole wall. The system includes a view module, an attitude module, a planar coordinate module, and a fitting module; the view module is used to create at least one planar view, the planar view at least represents the upper wall rock mass, the lower wall rock mass, and a vertical structural plane located between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass, the geometric relationship between the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass, obtain the strike line where the structural plane intersects any horizontal plane, and create an inclined line that is perpendicular to the strike line and slopes downward with the structural plane; the attitude module is used to obtain the attitude information of the structural plane according to the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall and the geometric relationship; the planar coordinate module is used to obtain the upper intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass in the planar view, obtain the lower intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the lower wall rock mass, create a planar coordinate system of the structural plane, the X-axis of the planar coordinate system is the inclination direction of the inclined line, the Y-axis is coplanar with the inclined line, the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane are projected along the Y-axis of the planar coordinate system in the planar coordinate system, and according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the three-dimensional geometric shape, obtain the planar coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the planar coordinate system; the fitting module is used to fit a general ellipse equation, calculate the shortest distance from the planar coordinates to the general ellipse according to the least squares method, obtain the relative coordinates of two ellipse points of the optimal general ellipse equation, and calculate the displacement of the misalignment between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass according to the relative coordinates of the two ellipse points and the attitude information of the structural plane.

[0007] In view of the above solution, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings for the disclosed exemplary embodiments, so that the other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention are also clear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0009] Figure 1 It is the topological structure diagram of the system in the embodiment;

[0010] Figure 2 It is the structural diagram of the system in the embodiment;

[0011] Figure 3 It is the structural diagram of the housing assembly in the embodiment;

[0012] Figure 4 Structural diagram of the conical mirror assembly in the embodiment;

[0013] Figure 5(a) is a structural diagram of the upper conical frustum mirror in the embodiment;

[0014] Figure 5(b) is a sectional view of the A surface of the upper conical frustum mirror in the embodiment;

[0015] Figure 6 Structural diagram of the lower conical frustum mirror in the embodiment;

[0016] Figure 7 Structural diagram of the laser assembly in the embodiment;

[0017] Figure 8 is a structural diagram of the laser conical mirror in the embodiment;

[0018] Figure 9 Structural diagram of the acquisition assembly in the embodiment;

[0019] Figure 10 Working main view of the system image acquisition mode in the embodiment;

[0020] Figure 11(a) is the working main view of the system laser acquisition mode in the embodiment;

[0021] Figure 11(b) is the working top view of the system laser acquisition mode in the embodiment;

[0022] Figure 12 Structural view of the system in the embodiment;

[0023] Figure 13 Flow chart of the drilling hole wall projection imaging method in the embodiment;

[0024] Figure 14(a), Figure 14(b) and Figure 14(c) are schematic diagrams of the misalignment displacement measurement method in the embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] The following further describes in detail the specific implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a drilling hole wall misalignment displacement measurement system based on the optical reflection principle, and the system is at least applied to the projection imaging of the hole wall of a geological drilling hole.

[0027] Figure 1 The system shown in this embodiment at least includes a measuring device 100, a lifting device 300 and a host computer 400.

[0028] The measuring device 100 is used to obtain the current horizontal height and / or a hole wall projection image of the hole wall 530 of a certain depth range based on the horizontal height. The lifting device 300 is used to drive the measuring device 100 to move vertically along the borehole. The host computer 400 is used to receive the hole wall projection images collected by the measuring device 100 at different horizontal heights, and form a hole wall projection imaging of the geological borehole by means of image stitching.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the measuring device 100 includes a housing assembly 110, a conical mirror assembly 120, a laser assembly, and a collection assembly 140.

[0030] Figure 3 As shown, the overall shape of the housing assembly 110 is cylindrical, and it sequentially includes an outer shell bottom cover 111, an upper glass cylinder connector 113, a transparent glass cylinder 112, a lower glass cylinder connector 116, an outer shell rear cover 114, and an inner bracket 115 from the distal end deep into the borehole to the proximal end close to the formation surface. Among them, the outer shell bottom cover 111, the upper glass cylinder connector 113, the transparent glass cylinder 112, the lower glass cylinder connector 116, and the outer shell rear cover 114 are all cylindrical structures with similar cross-sectional radii. The outer shell bottom cover 111, the upper glass cylinder connector 113, the transparent glass cylinder 112, the lower glass cylinder connector 116, and the outer shell rear cover 114 are connected in sequence along the axis. The outer shell bottom cover 111 is connected to the upper glass cylinder connector 113, and the lower glass cylinder connector 116 is threadedly connected to the outer shell rear cover 114.

[0031] Specifically, the end of the lower glass cylinder connector 116 facing the upper glass cylinder connector 113 forms an inwardly recessed lower annular step surface on the side wall. The end of the upper glass cylinder connector 113 facing the lower glass cylinder connector 116 forms an inwardly recessed upper annular step surface on the side wall. The two ends of the transparent glass cylinder 112 are respectively sleeved on the lower annular step surface and the upper annular step surface. After the transparent glass cylinder 112 is sleeved with the upper annular step surface and the lower annular step surface, a liquid colloid for bonding and sealing is respectively injected between the transparent glass cylinder 112 and the upper annular step surface and the lower annular step surface. After the liquid colloid is cured, the transparent glass cylinder 112 forms a firm connection with the upper annular step surface and the lower annular step surface. The outer shell rear cover 114 is connected with an inner bracket 115 inside the housing assembly 110. The inner bracket 115 is used for the collection assembly 140, and a cable port for the collection assembly 140 to conduct wired communication with the outside is provided on the outer shell rear cover 114.

[0032] Figure 4It is shown that the conical mirror assembly 120 is installed within the housing assembly 110. The conical mirror assembly 120 is composed of a truncated mirror bracket 130, an upper conical truncated mirror 121, and a lower conical truncated mirror 122. The upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 are coaxially combined in the length direction to form a conical body. The truncated mirror bracket 130 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the lower connecting member 116 of the glass cylinder, and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 is threadedly connected to the end face of the truncated mirror bracket 130 facing the outer housing rear cover 114. The upper conical truncated mirror 121 is threadedly connected to the end face of the lower conical truncated mirror 122 facing the outer housing rear cover 114. The upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 have different conical angles, and the axis coincides with the axis of the housing assembly 110.

[0033] As shown in FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b), in this embodiment, the upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror respectively provide an upper conical surface and a lower conical surface with different conical angles.

[0034] The conical angle of the upper conical surface provided by the upper conical truncated mirror 121 is designed as a°, and four cut grooves with a rotation angle of c° are uniformly arranged around the axis on the lower wall surface of the upper conical surface. The depth requirement of each cut groove is to penetrate the wall surface, and the rotation angle between adjacent cut grooves is b°, where c°, b° < 90° and b° + c° = 90°. Then the laser beam 560 passing through the cut groove will be fan-shaped projected and irradiated on the borehole wall 530. Then when the borehole wall 530 is far from the center of the measuring device 100, the borehole wall 530 in the plane where the beam is located is partially or fully irradiated.

[0035] Preferably, c° can be greater than or much greater than b°. Then in the embodiment where the borehole wall 530 is close to the measuring device 100, the fan-shaped area of the beam emitted from the cut groove is large, so as to increase the irradiated range of the borehole wall 530.

[0036] In some embodiments, b° can be greater than or much greater than c°. A diffusion sheet is installed in the cut groove to increase the fan-shaped area of the beam emitted from the cut groove, so as to increase the irradiated range of the borehole wall 530.

[0037] Figure 6 It is shown that in this embodiment, the lower conical truncated mirror 122 provides a lower conical surface combined with the upper conical surface, and the conical angle of the lower conical surface is designed as d°, d° ≠ a°.

[0038] In the embodiment, after the upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 are threadedly connected, the cut groove is located between the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface, and respectively perpendicular to the axis of the housing assembly 110 and facing the borehole wall 530 of the geological borehole.

[0039] Figure 3 It is shown that the laser assembly is installed within the housing assembly 110 and is specifically fixedly connected to the truncated mirror bracket 130.Figure 7 It is shown that the laser assembly consists of a laser conical mirror 131, a laser transparent glass cylinder 132, a focusing lens 133, a laser diode 134, and a laser housing 135.

[0040] A through bracket opening is formed in the middle of the frustum mirror bracket 130, and the laser housing 135 is threadedly connected to the bracket opening.

[0041] The laser housing 135 is provided with an annular cut groove at the end facing the bracket opening. The laser transparent glass cylinder 132 is located inside the lower conical frustum mirror 122, and the end is inserted into the annular cut groove. A liquid glue for bonding is applied to the part of the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 inserted into the annular cut groove. After the liquid glue solidifies, the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 and the laser housing 135 are firmly connected. The laser diode 134 is deployed inside the laser housing 135 and is adhesively bonded to form a firm connection with the laser housing 135. The focusing lens 133 is deployed between the laser housing 135 and the laser transparent glass cylinder 132. The laser housing 135 forms an installation table surface inward at the end facing the laser transparent glass cylinder 132, and the focusing lens 133 is hermetically bonded to the installation table surface to achieve a firm connection with the laser housing 135 and a sealed separation between the laser housing 135 and the laser transparent glass cylinder 132.

[0042] The laser conical mirror 131 is deployed inside the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 and is adhesively bonded to achieve a firm connection with the laser transparent glass cylinder 132.

[0043] As shown in FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b), in this embodiment, the axis of the laser conical mirror 131 is the same as the axis of the housing assembly 110, and the tip end is vertically downward towards the center of the laser diode 134, and the cone angle is designed as e°. Then the laser beam 560 emitted by the laser diode 134 is incident on the tip point of the laser conical mirror 131 and the conical surface with the tip point as the center after passing through the focusing lens 133. The conical surface of the laser conical mirror 131 reflects the laser beam 560 horizontally at a right angle, so that the incident light and the reflected light of the laser conical mirror 131 are perpendicular, that is, the incident light is parallel to the axis of the housing assembly 110, and the outgoing light is perpendicular to the axis of the housing assembly 110. At the same time, the outgoing light reflected by the laser conical mirror 131 just passes through the cut groove formed in the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and is projected on the drilling hole wall 530.

[0044] When the laser beam 560 is projected onto the wall 530 of the drilling hole, a part of the wall 530 of the drilling hole is illuminated. The illuminated part of the wall 530 of the drilling hole takes part of the laser beam 560 as incident light and reflects it to the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface respectively. After the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface reflect the incident light respectively, they project the reflected light in the direction of the outer shell rear cover 114, specifically onto the lens axis of the imaging device. And because the upper truncated conical mirror, the lower truncated conical mirror, the laser conical body, and the laser are all located on the axis of the housing assembly 110, then multiple outgoing lights reflected by the upper conical surface will converge at a focus on the axis of the housing assembly 110, and multiple outgoing lights reflected by the lower conical surface will converge at a focus on the axis of the housing assembly 110.

[0045] Preferably, a limiting outer peripheral plate protruding outward is constructed on the peripheral side of the laser housing 135, and the diameter of the limiting outer peripheral plate is greater than the diameter of the bracket opening. Then, when the limiting outer peripheral plate and the bracket opening are constructed, the outgoing light of the laser conical mirror 131 passes through the cutting groove, realizing the installation and limitation of the laser assembly on the conical mirror assembly 120.

[0046] Figure 9 It shows the installation of the acquisition component 140 on the inner bracket 115 in this embodiment. The acquisition component 140 includes an outer shell, a processing circuit 141, a camera 142, and an LED lamp group 144.

[0047] In the embodiment, the processing circuit 141, the camera 142, and the LED lamp group 144 are installed in the acquisition outer shell, and the acquisition outer shell is threadedly connected to the inner bracket 115.

[0048] Specifically, the camera 142 is installed in the acquisition outer shell, and the lens of the acquisition outer shell is coaxial with the housing assembly 110, and the vertically downward projection area of the lens of the camera 142 covers at least part of all the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface. The LED lamp group 144 is installed on the annular lamp board surrounding the camera lens 143, and the annular lamp board is fixedly connected to the acquisition outer shell. The processing circuit 141 is a power supply and compass data acquisition circuit, which is an integrated electronic component made of finished electronic components such as an electronic compass, a voltage conversion module, a noise reduction and filtering module, and an analog-to-digital conversion module, that is, integrated on a PCB circuit board. The PCB circuit board realizes the functions of geomagnetic direction measurement, voltage conversion, interference reduction, and analog signal conversion to digital signal. The PCB circuit board is threadedly connected to the acquisition outer shell. The corresponding circuits of the camera 142 and the LED lamp beads are connected through signal lines.

[0049] Based on this, the measuring device 100 in this embodiment provides at least two different acquisition modes, namely an image acquisition mode and a laser acquisition mode.

[0050] Figure 10 It shows the optical structure of the image acquisition mode in this embodiment.

[0051] When the measuring device 100 is implemented in the image acquisition mode in this embodiment, first, the LED lamp group 144 emits a white light beam for illumination vertically downward within the housing assembly 110. After passing through the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical frustum mirror 122, the white light beam changes to a horizontal beam angle. The changed white light beam passes through the transparent glass cylinder 112 and then irradiates on the borehole wall 530 of the geological borehole, enabling the borehole wall 530 to be clearly illuminated. Subsequently, the upper conical projection light rays and the lower conical projection light rays 550 of white light are emitted from the illuminated part of the borehole wall 530. The upper conical projection light rays 540 are incident into the lens of the camera 142 after being reflected by the upper conical frustum mirror 121, and the lower conical projection light rays 550 are incident into the optical center of the lens of the camera 142 after being reflected by the lower conical frustum mirror 122.

[0052] Then, when the measuring device 100 is at a certain horizontal height in this embodiment, it can clearly obtain the projection image of the white light on the borehole wall 530. At the same time, due to the different cone angles of the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical frustum mirror 122, according to the configured different cone angles, the first hole wall area corresponding to the first projection image obtained by the lens of the camera 142 through the upper conical frustum mirror 121, and the second hole wall area corresponding to the second projection image obtained through the lower conical frustum mirror 122 may present three situations: being tangent, intersecting, and being far apart.

[0053] When they are tangent, the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area are adjacent and non - overlapping, and the camera 142 respectively obtains the projection images of the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area at the current horizontal height.

[0054] When they are far apart, the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area are not adjacent, and the camera 142 respectively obtains the projection images of the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area at the current horizontal height.

[0055] When they intersect, the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area are adjacent and partially overlapping. The camera 142 respectively obtains the projection images of the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area at the current horizontal height, and there is partial overlap between the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area obtained by the camera 142, that is, the camera 142 can obtain the projection images of the same hole wall area from different perspectives.

[0056] Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show the optical structure of the laser acquisition mode in this embodiment.

[0057] When the measuring device 100 of this embodiment is implemented in the laser acquisition mode, first, the laser emits a laser beam 560 for calibration vertically upward within the laser housing 135. After being reflected by the laser conical surface body, the laser beam 560 changes to horizontal and scatters around. The changed laser beam 560 just passes through the cut groove and then enters between the laser component and the housing component 110, and is projected onto the borehole wall 530 through the transparent glass cylinder 112. The laser beam 560 forms a single-color light band on the borehole wall 530. After that, the borehole wall 530 illuminated by the single-color light band emits the upper conical surface projection light rays and the lower conical surface projection light rays 550 of the laser. The upper conical surface projection light rays 540 are incident into the lens of the camera 142 after being reflected by the upper conical surface frustum mirror 121, and the lower conical surface projection light rays 550 are incident into the optical center of the lens of the camera 142 after being reflected by the lower conical surface frustum mirror 122.

[0058] Then, when the measuring device 100 of this embodiment is at a certain horizontal height, it can clearly obtain the projection image of the laser on the borehole wall 530. At the same time, due to the different cone angles of the upper conical surface frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical surface frustum mirror 122, according to the configured different cone angles, the first hole wall area corresponding to the first projection image obtained by the lens of the camera 142 through the upper conical surface frustum mirror 121, and the second hole wall area corresponding to the second projection image obtained through the lower conical surface frustum mirror 122 may present three situations of tangency, intersection, and separation similar to those in the image acquisition mode, which will not be elaborated here.

[0059] Figure 12 It is shown that the lifting device 300 of this embodiment includes a wire-pulling mechanism, an integrated upper cable 220 and lower cable 210, and rollers. The rollers are synchronously installed with rotary encoders. The distal end of the lower cable 210 is configured with a threaded connecting rod, which is threadedly connected to the outer housing rear cover 114 vertically downward. And a cable is coated in the upper cable 220 and the lower cable 210. The cable passes through the relief hole of the outer housing rear cover 114 and is connected to the PCB circuit board, and is connected to the corresponding circuit of the PCB circuit board for transmitting the acquisition media stream and other signals to the host computer 400. At the same time, as the medium for lifting the measuring device 100, the proximal end of the upper cable 220 bypasses the roller and faces the host computer 400 horizontally, and the cable extends out of the upper cable 220 to connect with the host computer 400. Then when the wire-pulling mechanism displaces the cable, the measuring device 100 can also change the horizontal height within the current borehole. Of course, the wire-pulling mechanism can be any mechanism capable of dragging the cable.

[0060] Then, when the camera 142 acquires image data, the camera 142 transmits the acquired image data to the PCB circuit for processing. After the image data is modulated, converted, and marked with the geomagnetic data corresponding to the image, it is transmitted to the host computer 400 through a transmission cable. The host computer 400 obtains the hole wall projection image based on the processed image data. At the same time, the host computer 400 obtains the moving direction and moving distance of the current measuring device 100 according to the rotary encoder, and calculates the current horizontal height according to the initial horizontal height of the measuring device 100. At this time, the host computer 400 can associate each horizontal height with the corresponding obtained hole wall projection image and geomagnetic data.

[0061] In the image acquisition mode of this embodiment, after the host computer 400 acquires the hole wall projection images of white light at multiple horizontal heights, the hole wall projection images at the horizontal heights are transformed and spliced to form a continuous projection image, so as to realize the hole wall projection imaging of the geological borehole in the whole hole section and within any depth range.

[0062] In the laser acquisition mode of this embodiment, the host computer 400 performs coordinate calculation based on polar coordinates to measure the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall 530.

[0063] Considering the large depth range of the geological borehole, the area range of the borehole wall 530 obtained by the system of the present invention at each horizontal height is small. Therefore, in order to realize the hole wall projection imaging of the geological borehole in the whole hole section and within any depth range, it is necessary to splice the hole wall projection images obtained by the host computer 400.

[0064] For this reason, this embodiment discloses a measurement method applied to geological boreholes. The method uses the borehole wall dislocation displacement measurement system disclosed in the present invention, and the system is based on the image acquisition mode.

[0065] S101, drive the transmission cable together with the measuring device 100 to displace in the vertical direction through the rope device. The displacement of the transmission cable causes the roller to rotate. The rotation angle and rotation direction of the roller are collected by the rotary encoder, and the angle signal and direction signal are transmitted to the host computer 400. The host computer 400 obtains the real-time horizontal height of the measuring device 100 according to the rotation angle, direction and initial horizontal height of the roller.

[0066] S102, the LED lamp group 144 emits a white light beam vertically downward. The white light beam is reflected by the laser mirror assembly and then passes through the housing assembly 110 and irradiates on the borehole wall 530, so that the borehole wall 530 in the range of the current horizontal height is illuminated.

[0067] S103, the illuminated part of the borehole wall 53 gives out upper conical projection light rays and lower conical projection light rays 550, which are projected onto the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical frustum mirror 122.

[0068] S104. The upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 respectively reflect the upper conical projected light rays and the lower conical projected light rays 550 to the optical center 510 of the camera lens.

[0069] S105. After the lens of the camera 142 obtains the reflected upper conical projected light rays and the lower conical projected optical fibers, it obtains an image signal, and sends the image signal to be processed. The image signal is modulated, converted, and the geomagnetic direction data of the image is marked and then sent to the host computer 400 to obtain the hole wall projection image.

[0070] S106. When the measuring device 100 moves along the axial direction of the geological borehole, the host computer 400 obtains the hole wall projection images at each horizontal height, and the rotation angle and rotation direction of the angle encoder, and makes the hole wall projection images correspond to the conversion angle and rotation direction.

[0071] S107. The host computer 400 calculates the moving distance and moving direction of the measuring device 100 according to the rotation angle, rotation direction and roller diameter, and makes a number of consecutive hole wall projection images correspond to the moving distance, moving direction and geomagnetic direction. The host computer 400 transforms and splices according to multiple hole wall projection images to form the hole wall projection imaging of the entire hole section and any depth range of the geological borehole.

[0072] Considering that the geological borehole is inside the rock mass, and the in-situ stress conditions and rock mass structure inside the rock mass cause the geological borehole to have different degrees of deformation. For example, the in-situ stress can deform the cross-section of the geological borehole in the intact rock mass from circular to elliptical. The in-situ stress can also cause displacement and dislocation of the incomplete rock mass. Between two rock masses that are displaced relative to each other, a sliding surface is formed. When the geological borehole passes through the sliding surface, the movement of the rock mass will cause the hole wall 530 of the geological borehole to be discontinuous, forming steep slopes and stepped surfaces. Therefore, the morphology of the hole wall 530 of the geological borehole in the rock mass is related to factors such as the properties and structure of the rock mass. Analyzing the three-dimensional geometric morphology of the borehole wall 530 has important practical significance and research value.

[0073] In this regard, this embodiment discloses a measurement method applied to the borehole wall. To analyze the three-dimensional geometric morphology of the borehole wall 530 and achieve complete three-dimensional measurement, the method uses the borehole wall dislocation displacement measurement system disclosed in the present invention, and the system is based on the laser acquisition mode.

[0074] Previously, when the hole wall 530 of the geological borehole enters the overlapping area 520 formed by the upper conical projected light rays and the lower conical projected light rays 550, the laser is vertically irradiated on the hole wall 530 of the geological borehole, and then a single-tone light band is formed on the hole wall 530. Here, an imaging point P and a symmetric point P' of the hole wall 530 are established and illuminated by the single-tone light band.

[0075] In the overlapping region 520, the illuminated drill hole wall 530 projects two single-color projection light bands respectively formed on the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical frustum mirror 122. The imaging point P of the drill hole wall 530 is projected onto the upper conical surface of the upper conical frustum mirror 121 as point A, and projected onto the lower conical surface of the lower conical frustum mirror 122 as point C. The symmetric point P' is projected onto the upper conical surface of the upper conical frustum mirror 121 as point B, and projected onto the lower conical surface of the lower conical frustum mirror 122 as point D.

[0076] The projections of the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical frustum mirror 122 are incident on the optical center of the lens of the camera 142, and the projected image information is captured by the photosensitive element of the camera 142, and the projected hole wall projection image is obtained by the camera 142. Here, points A and B of the upper conical frustum mirror 121 correspond to points A' and B' respectively in the hole wall projection image of the camera 142. Points C and D of the lower conical frustum mirror 122 correspond to points C' and D' respectively in the hole wall projection image of the camera 142.

[0077] Among them, when the drill hole wall 530 and the measuring device 100 have a relative displacement, the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical frustum mirror 122 change their positions relative to the drill hole wall 530, and the positions of the projection points (points A, B, C, D) of points P and P' on the conical surfaces of the upper conical frustum mirror 121 and the lower conical frustum mirror 122 change synchronously, so that the positions of the projection points (points A', B', C', D') of the hole wall projection image projected by the camera 142 will also change.

[0078] Furthermore, this embodiment provides steps for calculating the spatial position of the symmetric point P' of the drill hole wall 530 in polar coordinates and a three-dimensional geometric shape measurement method.

[0079] S201, make the spatial position of the optical center of the lens of the camera 142 be point F, O1 be the midpoint of the bottom of the lower conical frustum mirror 122, and the center point of the photosensitive element of the camera 142 be point O.

[0080] S202, create a polar coordinate system for the measuring device 100, that is, make the direction of O1F be the polar axis, O1 be the origin, the north direction of the geomagnetic direction be the zero position, and the clockwise direction be the positive direction of the polar coordinate system.

[0081] S203, make the symmetric point P' of the drill hole wall 530 be projected onto the lower conical frustum mirror 122 as point D, and at the same time be projected onto the upper conical frustum mirror 121 as point B. Pass through the optical center 510 of the camera lens and project onto the photosensitive element to form a projection image. The projection point of point D on the photosensitive element is point D', and the projection point of point B on the photosensitive element is point B'.

[0082] S204. Based on the fixed connections among the photosensitive element, the optical center of the lens of camera 142, the lower frustum mirror 122, and the upper frustum mirror 121, it can be known the distance O1F from the midpoint (point O1) at the bottom of the lower frustum mirror 122 to the optical center 510 (point F) of the camera lens, and the distance OF from the optical center 510 (point F) of the camera lens to the midpoint (point O) of the photosensitive element. According to the positional relationship between the projection points (points D’ and B’) of the photosensitive element and the center point (point O) of the photosensitive element, the mechanical dimensions of the upper frustum mirror 121 and the lower frustum mirror 122, and the relative spatial positional relationship of the mechanical components, the spatial position of point P’ in the polar coordinate system can be determined.

[0083] Then, when the laser beam 560 irradiates on the borehole wall 530 and a single-color light band is formed on the borehole wall 530, if the symmetric point P’ is within the single-color light band, then according to the relative positional relationship between the single-color light band and the center point (point O) of the photosensitive element in the hole wall projection image of the camera 142, the spatial position of the hole wall illuminated by the single-color light band in the polar coordinate system can be calculated.

[0084] S205. Move the measuring device 100 along the axial direction of the borehole, so that the borehole walls 530 at different horizontal heights are illuminated by the single-color light band, and then the camera 142 continuously acquires the hole wall projection images at different horizontal heights. At the same time, the rotation angle and direction of the angle encoder are acquired in real time, so that the spatial position of the hole wall in the polar coordinate system corresponds to the rotation angle and direction of the angle encoder.

[0085] S206. According to the rotation angle, direction, and roller diameter of the angle encoder, calculate the moving distance and moving direction of the measuring device 100, and establish the correspondence between the spatial position of the continuous hole wall in the polar coordinate system, the moving distance, the moving direction, and the geomagnetic direction data.

[0086] S207. Since the reference shape of the cross-section of the geological borehole is generally an ellipse, then the reference shape of the borehole wall 530 of the geological borehole is generally an elliptical cylinder surface. Then, taking the axial direction of the borehole as the polar axis, the center point of the borehole opening as the origin, the north direction of the geomagnetic direction as the zero position, and the clockwise direction as the positive direction, establish the polar coordinate system of the borehole wall 530. When the polar axis of the polar coordinate system is collinear with the polar axis of the measuring device 100, and the origin of the polar coordinate system is the relative distance between the midpoint at the bottom of the lower frustum mirror 122 and the center point of the borehole opening, then the spatial position of the hole wall solved in the device polar coordinate system of the measuring device 100 can be transformed into the three-dimensional spatial position of the borehole wall 530, and the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall 530 within the entire hole section and at any depth range can be obtained.

[0087] Furthermore, considering that the existence of the rock mass structural plane 620 is the root cause of the discontinuity, anisotropy, and inhomogeneity of the engineering properties of rock masses, the geotechnical structural plane 620 destroys the integrity and continuity of the rock mass and is related to the scale and type of rock mass instability failure. When construction processes such as blasting and excavation disturb the structure and stress state of the rock mass, the structural bodies in the rock mass may relatively slide or displace along the structural plane 620. By analyzing the relative displacement of the rock mass structural plane 620, the instability direction of the rock mass can be effectively judged, the failure type of the rock mass can be predicted, which has important practical significance and research value for guiding safe construction in the field of geotechnical engineering, monitoring rock mass deformation, and geological disaster early warning.

[0088] In this regard, this embodiment discloses a method for measuring the dislocation displacement applied to geological drilling. The method uses the borehole wall dislocation displacement measurement system disclosed in the present invention, and the system is based on the laser acquisition mode.

[0089] Previously, it was established that the structural plane 620 is located between the upper wall rock mass 610 and the lower wall rock mass 630. According to the definition of the occurrence of the structural plane 620 in the rock mass, the occurrence of the structural plane 620 consists of elements such as strike, dip angle, dip direction, and width. The intersection line of the structural plane 620 and any imaginary horizontal plane is called the strike line, and the straight line perpendicular to the strike line and leading downward along the inclined plane is called the dip line, that is, the maximum slope of the rock stratum. The direction indicated by the projection of the dip line on the horizontal plane is called the dip direction of the rock stratum, and the angle between the dip line of the structural plane 620 and the horizontal plane projection is the dip angle. Therefore, in the side view perpendicular to the dip direction, HZ’ and YX are dip lines, the pointing directions of HV’ and PX are the dip directions, and the angles between the dip lines HZ’ and YX and the horizontal line are the dip angles, and the dip angle is established as g.

[0090] S401, Figures 14(a) to 14(c) It is shown that a side view is created that is perpendicular to the maximum slope of the structural plane 620 and the borehole axis, and at least includes the upper wall rock mass 610 and the lower wall rock mass 630.

[0091] At least based on geometric relationships, the intersection points of the upper wall rock mass 610 and the structural plane ⑥ are established as points H and Z’, the horizontal line passing through point H intersects the borehole center line 640 of the upper wall rock mass at point O1 and intersects the upper wall rock mass 610 at point V’. The intersection points of the lower wall rock mass 630 and the structural plane 620 are points Y and X, the horizontal line passing through point X intersects the lower wall rock mass 630 at point P; the perpendicular line passing through point Y perpendicular to HV’ intersects HV’ at point V, YV intersects HZ’ at point Z; the perpendicular line passing through point Y perpendicular to HZ’ intersects HZ’ at point K; the perpendicular line passing through point Y perpendicular to the borehole center line intersects the borehole center line 640 of the upper wall rock mass at point O3; the borehole center line < 640 of the upper wall rock mass intersects HZ’ at point O2; the borehole center line 650 of the lower wall rock mass intersects YX at point O4.

[0092] S402. Move the measuring device 100 along the axial direction of the borehole, and separately record the displacement of the measuring device 100. Synchronously collect the three-dimensional geometric shape data of the borehole wall 530 and the geomagnetic direction data to obtain the relative distance between point H and point Y along the axial direction of the borehole, that is, the length lYV of YV; the relative distance between point X and point Y along the axial direction of the borehole, that is, the length lYP of YP; the cross-sectional diameter of the borehole, that is, the lengths lHV’ and lPX of HV’ and PX; the vertical relative distances between point H, point Y and the borehole center line in the horizontal direction, that is, the lengths lHO1 and lYO3 of HO1 and YO3; the directions indicated by the projections of YX and HZ’ on the horizontal plane, that is, the azimuths θHV’ and θPX of HV’ and PX.

[0093] S403. According to the geometric relationship, obtain the attitude information of the structural plane 620 through calculation. The attitude information includes:

[0094] The dip direction of the structural plane 620, that is, the azimuth θ of the measured HV’ and PX HV’ or θ PX ;

[0095] The dip angle of the structural plane 620, that is, g = arctan(l YP / l PX );

[0096] The width lKY of the structural plane 620,

[0097] that is, l KY = [l YV - (l HO1 - l YO3 ) × l YP / l PX × cos(g).

[0098] S404. The structural plane 620 intersects with the upper wall rock mass 610 to form an intersection line 760 on the structural plane; the structural plane 620 intersects with the lower wall rock mass 630 to form an intersection line 770 on the structural plane. Create an x-axis along the inclined line YX direction, and create a y-axis perpendicular to the x-axis within the plane where the inclined line YX is located to form a plane coordinate system of the structural plane 620.

[0099] Project the intersection line 760 on the structural plane and the intersection line 770 on the structural plane along the KY direction onto the plane coordinate system of the structural plane 620. At the same time, project the intersection point O2 of HZ’ and the borehole center line 640 of the upper wall rock mass, and the intersection point O4 of YX and the borehole center line 650 of the lower wall rock mass onto the plane coordinate system of the structural plane 620.

[0100] S405. Move the measuring device 100 along the axial direction of the borehole, and separately record the displacement of the measuring device 100, synchronously collect the three-dimensional geometric shape data and geomagnetic direction data of the borehole wall 530, and obtain the relative position relationship between the upper intersection line 760 and the lower intersection line 770 of the structural plane in the axial direction of the borehole.

[0101] S406. According to the relative position relationship between the upper intersection line 760 and the lower intersection line 770 of the structural plane in the axial direction of the borehole, through coordinate transformation, project the upper intersection line 760 and the lower intersection line 770 of the structural plane onto the plane coordinate system of the structural plane 620. According to the point coordinates of the upper intersection line 760 and the lower intersection line 770 of the structural plane, fit a general ellipse equation, and according to the basic principle of the least square method, calculate the shortest distance from each point coordinate to the general ellipse, screen out the optimal general ellipse, and obtain the optimal general ellipse equation. Then fit to obtain the optimal general ellipse equation, and determine the center point of the ellipse, so as to determine the position relationship between point O2 and point O4.

[0102] S407. By calculating the position relationship between point O2 and point O4, obtain the dislocation displacement of the upper wall rock mass 610 and the lower wall rock mass 630. The dislocation displacement includes the dislocation direction and the dislocation distance. The dislocation distance is the length l of O2O4 O2O4 , and the dislocation direction is the included angle between O2O4 and the inclination line direction of the structural plane 620.

[0103] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the displacement of the misaligned borehole wall, characterized in that the method includes: creating at least one planar view, which at least represents the upper wall rock mass, the lower wall rock mass, and the vertical structural plane located between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass, and the geometric relationship between the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass; obtaining the strike line where the structural plane intersects with any horizontal plane, and creating an inclined line that is perpendicular to the strike line and slopes downward with the structural plane; obtaining the attitude information of the structural plane according to the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall, the geometric relationship, and the obtained information; obtaining the upper intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass in the planar view, and obtaining the lower intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the lower wall rock mass; creating a planar coordinate system of the structural plane, where the X-axis of the planar coordinate system is the inclination direction of the inclined line, and the Y-axis is coplanar with the inclined line; projecting the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane along the Y-axis of the planar coordinate system in the planar coordinate system; obtaining the planar coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the planar coordinate system according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the three-dimensional geometric shape; fitting a general ellipse equation, and calculating the shortest distance from the planar coordinates to the general ellipse according to the least squares method to obtain the relative coordinates of two ellipse points of the optimal general ellipse equation; calculating the displacement of the misalignment between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass according to the relative coordinates of the two ellipse points and the attitude information of the structural plane.

2. The method for measuring the displacement of the misaligned borehole wall according to claim 1, characterized in that obtaining the three-dimensional geometric shape is configured as obtaining at least two hole wall projection points of the hole wall projection point of the borehole wall at the current horizontal height; creating a first polar coordinate system of the measuring device, and resolving the first spatial position of the hole wall imaging point in the first polar coordinate system according to the parameters of the measuring device and at least two hole wall projection points; creating a second polar coordinate of the borehole wall, establishing a coordinate conversion relationship between the first polar coordinate and the second polar coordinate according to the positional relationship between the measuring device and the borehole space, obtaining the second spatial position of the hole wall imaging point in the second polar coordinate according to the first spatial position and the coordinate conversion relationship, and obtaining the three-dimensional geometric shape according to the second spatial positions of the hole wall imaging points at at least two consecutive horizontal heights.

3. The method for measuring the displacement of the misaligned borehole wall according to claim 2, characterized in that the measuring device is constructed with a housing assembly, a laser assembly deployed in the housing assembly, and a camera device; the lifting device is configured to modulate the horizontal height of the housing assembly in the axial direction of the borehole; the laser assembly is configured to at least irradiate the borehole wall at the current horizontal height; the camera device is configured to obtain the hole wall projection point of the irradiated hole wall imaging point.

4. The method for measuring the displacement of the misaligned borehole wall according to claim 3, characterized in that the measuring device is constructed with a conical mirror deployed in the housing assembly; The lens of the imaging device is parallel to the axis of the conical mirror and covers at least a part of the conical mirror; The covered part of the conical mirror is configured with an upper conical mirror and a lower conical mirror; The conical angles of the upper conical mirror and the lower conical mirror are different; The imaging device obtains a first hole wall projection point through the upper conical mirror; The imaging device obtains a second hole wall projection point through the lower conical mirror; The host computer is configured to obtain the first spatial position of the hole wall imaging point in the first polar coordinate system according to the parameters of the measuring device, the first hole wall projection point, and the second hole wall projection point.

5. The method for measuring the displacement of the drilled hole wall dislocation according to claim 1, wherein The occurrence information at least includes the dip direction, dip angle, and width of the structural plane.

6. The method for measuring the displacement of the drilled hole wall dislocation according to claim 1, wherein The Y-axis of the plane coordinate system is coplanar with the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane, and is parallel to the shortest distance line between the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane.

7. A system for measuring the displacement of the drilled hole wall dislocation, wherein The system includes a view module, an occurrence module, a plane coordinate module, and a fitting module; The view module is used to create at least one plane view, which at least represents an upper wall rock mass, a lower wall rock mass, and a vertical structural plane located between the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass, the geometric relationship between the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass, obtain the strike line where the structural plane intersects any horizontal plane, and create an inclined line that is perpendicular to the strike line and slopes downward for the structural plane; The occurrence module is used to obtain the occurrence information of the structural plane according to the three-dimensional geometric shape of the drilled hole wall and the geometric relationship; The plane coordinate module is used to obtain the upper intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the upper wall rock mass in the plane view, obtain the lower intersection line of the structural plane formed by the intersection of the structural plane and the lower wall rock mass, create a plane coordinate system of the structural plane, the X-axis of the plane coordinate system is the inclination direction of the inclined line, the Y-axis is coplanar with the inclined line, the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane are projected along the Y-axis of the plane coordinate system in the plane coordinate system, and according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the three-dimensional geometric shape, obtain the plane coordinates of the upper intersection line and the lower intersection line of the structural plane in the plane coordinate system; The fitting module is used to fit a general ellipse equation, calculate the shortest distance from the plane coordinates to the general ellipse according to the least square method to obtain the relative coordinates of two ellipse points of the optimal general ellipse equation, and calculate the displacement of the upper wall rock mass and the lower wall rock mass according to the relative coordinates of the two ellipse points and the occurrence information of the structural plane.

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