Multifunctional Radiation Meter and Its Preparation Method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of radiation measurement technology, and specifically to a multifunctional radiation meter that can be used for measuring four types of radiation quantities and a preparation method thereof. The multifunctional radiation meter includes a quartz glass ball cover, a light shield, a detector, a base plate, an external radiation shield, a circuit board, and a mounting shell; the quartz glass ball cover and the light shield are both arranged on the external radiation shield, the detector is mounted on the base plate, and the mounting shell is used to mount the circuit board on the base plate. The multifunctional radiation meter of the present invention can solve the problem of simultaneous precise measurement of the four elements of radiation, can avoid the use of moving parts such as sun tracking devices, and only needs to be placed horizontally, which greatly reduces the measurement cost; at the same time, a detector compensation method is adopted to compensate for the floating changes in the ambient temperature, which can improve the accuracy of radiation measurement; digital processing is used to correct the detector output for the working environment temperature, improve the environmental adaptability, and enable precise radiation measurement throughout the country.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of radiation measurement technology, and in particular to a multifunctional radiometer capable of measuring four types of radiation quantities and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Accurate measurement of solar radiation has important guiding significance for climate prediction, agricultural production, solar energy resource utilization and other fields. Total radiation refers to the sum of direct solar radiation and atmospheric scattered radiation received by the local horizontal plane from above within a solid angle of 2π; scattered radiation refers to the solar radiation dispersed by air molecules, clouds and various particles in the air into non-directional radiation, but without changing its monochromatic composition (i.e., the spectral composition is the same as that of the sun); direct radiation refers to the direct solar radiation received on a plane perpendicular to the sun's rays; sunshine hours refer to the time when direct solar radiation reaches or exceeds 120W / m 2 The sum of each period of time. Global radiation is generally measured using a pyranometer. Diffuse radiation can be measured using a pyranometer equipped with a sunshade ball to block the direct solar radiation. Automatic continuous measurement requires a sun-tracking device to allow the sunshade ball to rotate as the sun rises and sets. Direct radiation can be accurately measured using a pyrheliometer, which also requires a sun-tracking device to ensure the pyrheliometer is aligned with the sun in real time. Direct radiation is measured, and based on its value, an electronic data collection and processing system can be used to determine the number of sunshine hours.

[0003] The above four radiation quantities are crucial components of solar radiation observations and serve as important indicators for characterizing local meteorology and climate. They also hold significant guiding significance in agricultural and marine meteorology research. Although the UK-based Delta-T company has developed the SPN1 multifunctional pyranometer capable of simultaneously measuring these four radiation elements, it cannot compensate for temperature variations, resulting in poor measurement accuracy at low ambient temperatures and when periodic temperature fluctuations are present. Currently, domestic methods require at least two pyranometers and a sun-tracking device to measure these four radiation quantities, hindering both cost-effectiveness and the level of automated measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multifunctional radiation meter with a new structure, which includes a quartz glass ball cover, a light shield, a detector, a base plate, an external radiation shield, a circuit board and a mounting shell; the quartz glass ball cover and the light shield are both arranged on the external radiation shield, the detector is mounted on the base plate, and the mounting shell is used to mount the circuit board on the base plate.

[0005] Preferably, the detector includes a measurement detector, a compensation detector and a temperature detector, and there are multiple measurement detectors.

[0006] Preferably, the base plate includes an upper surface and a lower surface, the measurement detector is installed on the upper surface of the base plate, the compensation detector is installed on the lower surface of the base plate; and the temperature detector is installed on the lower surface of the base plate.

[0007] Preferably, the sunshade is used to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is fully illuminated by sunlight at any time; to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is completely shielded from sunlight at any time; and each of the other measuring detectors can measure half of the sky scattering respectively;

[0008] The shape of the light shield is determined by precise mathematical calculations; the precise mathematical calculations include projecting the light shield onto the mounting surface of the measuring detector in different directions through mathematical software, performing discrete simulation analysis based on the projection, and then continuously changing the mathematical model parameters of the light shield to obtain a model diagram of the light shield.

[0009] Preferably, among the plurality of measuring detectors, the maximum output value of the measuring detector is denoted as S max The minimum output value of the measuring detector is denoted as S min , the solar radiation is measured by the multifunctional pyranometer and obtained as follows:

[0010] Scattered radiation value = 2S min

[0011] Total radiation value = S max +S min

[0012] Direct radiation value = (S max -S min ) / sinα

[0013] Among them, α is the solar altitude angle at the measurement location during measurement.

[0014] Preferably, the quartz glass ball cover is made of a material with a light transmittance greater than 0.9; and the quartz glass ball cover is a double-layer glass cover.

[0015] Preferably, the light shield, the bottom plate, the external radiation shield and the mounting shell are all made of aluminum alloy.

[0016] Preferably, the surface of the light shield is provided with a light absorbing material, and / or the upper surface of the bottom plate is provided with a light absorbing material; the absorption rate of the light absorbing material is not less than 95%.

[0017] Preferably, a desiccant and a level bubble are further provided inside the bottom plate.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the multifunctional radiation meter, the method comprising:

[0019] S1. Determine the shape of the light shield through precise mathematical calculations;

[0020] The sunshade is used to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is fully illuminated by sunlight at any time; to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is completely shielded from sunlight at any time; and each of the other measuring detectors can measure half of the sky scattering respectively;

[0021] The mathematical precision calculation includes projecting the light shield onto the mounting surface of the measuring detector in different directions using mathematical software, performing a discrete simulation analysis based on the projection, and then continuously changing the mathematical model parameters of the light shield to obtain a model diagram of the light shield;

[0022] S2. Building a three-dimensional model of the multifunctional pyranometer based on the model diagram of the sunshade;

[0023] S3. Based on the three-dimensional model, a quartz glass ball cover, a light shield, a detector, a base plate, an external radiation shield, a circuit board and a mounting shell are manufactured respectively, and assembled to obtain the multifunctional radiation meter.

[0024] The multifunctional radiometer and preparation method provided by the present invention can solve the problem of simultaneous precise measurement of the four radiation elements, avoid the use of moving parts such as sun tracking devices, and only need to be placed horizontally, which greatly reduces the measurement cost. At the same time, a detector compensation method is used to compensate for the floating changes in the ambient temperature, which can improve the accuracy of radiation measurement. Digital processing is used to correct the detector output for the working environment temperature, improve the environmental adaptability, and enable precise radiation measurement throughout the country. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multifunctional radiation meter in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a multifunctional radiation meter in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a simplified thermal analysis model of a multifunctional radiation meter in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the thermal analysis results of measuring the steady state of a detector in a multifunctional radiation meter in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5This is an overall temperature curve diagram of a multifunctional radiation meter in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is an amplified diagram of the temperature difference of the output value of the multifunctional radiation meter in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals:

[0032] Quartz glass ball cover 1, light shield 2, base plate 3, measuring detector 4, external radiation shield 5, electrical connector 6, housing 7, desiccant 8, circuit board 9, compensation detector 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figures are respectively a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure and a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a multifunctional radiation meter in an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figures that the multifunctional radiation meter in the specific embodiment of the present invention includes a quartz glass ball cover 1, a light shield 2, a detector, a base plate 3, an external radiation shield 5, a circuit board 9 and a mounting shell 7; the quartz glass ball cover 1 and the light shield 2 are both arranged on the external radiation shield 5, the detector is mounted on the base plate 3, and the mounting shell 7 is used to mount the circuit board 9 on the base plate 3.

[0035] In the multifunctional radiometer of the specific embodiment of the present invention, the high-transmittance quartz glass ball cover 1 can ensure that most of the short-wave solar radiation reaches the receiving surface of the measuring detector; the precisely designed sunshade 2 can ensure that at any time and in any place, at least one measuring detector can be completely directly illuminated by the sun, and at least one measuring detector can be completely blocked by the sun, while ensuring that each measuring detector receives atmospheric scattering at a ratio of half; the mounting surface of the measuring detector and the inner surface of the sunshade are sprayed with high-absorption light-absorbing material to reduce the impact of stray light caused by internal reflection on the measurement; through precise logical calculations, multiple measuring detectors can measure total radiation, scattered radiation and direct radiation, and the built-in chip can accumulate sunshine hours based on the real-time direct radiation value.

[0036] The multifunctional radiometer of the specific embodiment of the present invention can meet the simultaneous measurement of the four radiation elements, significantly reduce the impact of temperature changes on measurement accuracy, significantly improve the environmental adaptability of the radiometer, and ensure the accuracy of measurement results nationwide.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the detector includes a measuring detector 4 and a compensating detector 10. The base plate 3 includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The measuring detector 4 is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate 3, and the compensating detector 10 is mounted on the lower surface of the base plate 3. The compensating detector 10 is short-circuited with the cold end measurement point of the measuring detector 4. The compensating detector 10 has the same thermal path as the measuring detector 4 and adopts the same structural form and manufacturing process as the measuring detector 4, which can effectively reduce the impact of fluctuations in ambient temperature on radiation measurement. In a preferred embodiment, the detector also includes a temperature detector (not shown in the figure), which is mounted on the lower surface of the base plate 3 to collect the actual temperature of the measurement environment in real time.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, one compensation detector 10 and one temperature detector are each sufficient. Multiple measurement detectors 4 are provided to ensure that, during the course of the sun's rise and set, the following conditions are met at all times: at least one measurement detector 4 is fully illuminated by the sun, and at least one measurement detector 4 is fully obscured by the sun, regardless of time or location. Furthermore, each measurement detector 4 is subject to atmospheric scattering at a proportional coefficient of 0.5. In a preferred embodiment, the number of measurement detectors 4 is 6-9, more preferably 7. By using a corresponding number of measurement detectors 4, the above conditions of direct sunlight and solar obscuration can be met.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the multifunctional pyranometer uses a photothermal detector (4). This type of detector is non-spectrally selective and suitable for a wide range of atmospheric conditions. However, when measurement accuracy is less demanding, a photoelectric detector can be used as an alternative. The installation position of the compensation detector (10) can be adjusted based on actual measurement conditions, as long as it is protected from light radiation. By placing the compensation detector (10) in a shadowed area, changes in ambient temperature are compensated for, improving real-time measurement accuracy. By pre-measuring the precise relationship between detector sensitivity and operating temperature, the built-in chip uses a digital method to correct the detector's cold spot temperature, extending the pyranometer's operating temperature range and enabling relatively high measurement accuracy across China.

[0040] In a specific implementation, the circuit board 9 is responsible for sampling and data processing, specifically including an integrated acquisition chip and a data processing chip, which collects the output values of multiple detectors and processes them according to a formula, and has a built-in detector cold spot temperature correction formula. The measurement data is temperature corrected in real time according to the ambient temperature during measurement, thereby improving the measurement accuracy under different environments; through data processing, the measurement results are directly output through the serial port; the multifunctional radiation meter also includes an electrical connector 6, which is responsible for data connection with a computer or other terminal.

[0041] The direct output value of the measuring detector 4 is the temperature difference, which is proportional to the light irradiance and can be directly converted into the light radiation value through calculation; specifically, among the multiple measuring detectors, the maximum output value of the measuring detector 4 is recorded as S max , measure the minimum output value of detector 4 and record it as S min , the solar radiation is measured by the multifunctional pyranometer and obtained as follows:

[0042] Scattered radiation value = 2S min

[0043] Total radiation value = S max +S min

[0044] Direct radiation value = (S max -S min ) / sinα

[0045] Among them, α is the solar altitude angle at the measurement location during measurement. The specific solar altitude can be calculated by referring to relevant documents.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the quartz glass dome 1 is made of a material with a light transmittance greater than 0.9, specifically, high-transmittance fused quartz. In a preferred embodiment, the quartz glass dome 1 is a double-layered glass dome. This double-layer design effectively reduces the effects of infrared radiation and air convection from the outer glass layer on the measurement, thereby improving measurement accuracy. However, in embodiments requiring lower accuracy, the quartz glass dome 1 can be a single-layered glass dome to reduce costs.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the light shield 2, base plate 3, external radiation shield 5, and mounting housing 7 are all made of aluminum alloy. This aluminum alloy ensures temperature uniformity across the heat sink while also facilitating a lightweight design while maintaining rigidity, thereby reducing costs. In other embodiments, these components made of aluminum alloy may also be made of other metals with better thermal conductivity, such as brass. A light-absorbing material is provided on the surface of the light shield 2 and / or on the upper surface of the base plate 3; the light-absorbing material has an absorptivity of no less than 95%.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, a desiccant 8 and a level bubble are further provided inside the bottom plate 3 to better ensure the measurement environment of the multifunctional radiometer.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the multifunctional radiation meter is also provided, the method comprising:

[0050] S1. Determine the shape of the light shield 2 through precise mathematical calculations;

[0051] The mathematical precision calculation includes projecting the sunshade onto the installation surface of the measuring detector in different directions through mathematical software, performing discrete simulation analysis based on the projection, and then continuously changing the mathematical model parameters of the sunshade to obtain a model diagram of the sunshade; through the mathematical design of the sunshade 2, it can be ensured that at any time and any place, at least one measuring detector 4 can be completely directly illuminated by the sun, and at least one measuring detector 4 can be completely blocked by the sun, while ensuring that each detector accepts atmospheric scattering according to a proportional coefficient of 0.5, that is, the sunshade covers the general sky for each detector, and then combines the output data of multiple detectors to calculate the total radiation, scattered radiation and direct radiation, and then calculate the sunshine hours.

[0052] S2. Building a three-dimensional model of the multifunctional pyranometer based on the model diagram of the sunshade. Specifically, after analyzing the sunshade model using mathematical software, the parameterized sunshade model is remodeled using UG and edited into a three-dimensional model that can be directly processed. The remaining structures of the multifunctional pyranometer are also designed and modeled using UG software.

[0053] S3. Based on the three-dimensional model, a quartz glass ball cover, a light shield, a detector, a base plate, an external radiation shield, a circuit board and a mounting shell are manufactured respectively, and assembled to obtain the multifunctional radiation meter.

[0054] The multifunctional radiometer and preparation method provided by the present invention can solve the problem of simultaneous precise measurement of the four radiation elements, avoid the use of moving parts such as sun tracking devices, and only need to be placed horizontally, which greatly reduces the measurement cost. At the same time, a detector compensation method is used to compensate for the floating changes in the ambient temperature, which can improve the accuracy of radiation measurement. Digital processing is used to correct the detector output for the working environment temperature, improve the environmental adaptability, and enable precise radiation measurement throughout the country.

[0055] Performance Testing

[0056] In this embodiment of the present invention, the performance of the multifunctional pyranometer in the embodiment of the present invention was analyzed in detail using Comsol multiphysics analysis software. The primary analysis method was to compare the accuracy of the output results of the multifunctional pyranometer of the present invention with that of a multifunctional pyranometer without a compensation detector under periodic temperature fluctuations.

[0057] Specifically, in the multifunctional radiation meter of the specific embodiment of the present invention, the compensation detector 10 adopts a photothermal detector. When light is irradiated on the surface of the compensation detector 10, a temperature difference will be generated between the hot spot and the cold spot of the compensation detector 10. When the temperature of the cold spot remains unchanged, the temperature difference is proportional to the light radiation power.

[0058] To simplify the analysis, the components that do not affect the thermal analysis are removed, such as Figure 3 As shown, only the measuring detector 4, the compensating detector 10, the base plate 3 directly mounted with the detectors, and the external radiation shield 5, which is in direct contact with the external environment, are retained. A periodically varying temperature is applied to the surface of the external radiation shield 5 to simulate ambient temperature fluctuations. A constant heat flux power density is applied to the upper surface of the base plate 3 and the upper surface of the measuring detector 4 to simulate the measured light radiation value. The stability of the temperature difference output by the two multifunctional pyranometers is compared.

[0059] The test results are as follows Figures 4 to 6 As shown in Figure 4 2 is a graph showing the steady-state thermal analysis results of the detector in the multifunctional pyranometer according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the graph, the multifunctional pyranometer according to the embodiment of the present invention has better stability in terms of detector output, and can fully eliminate the adverse effects of ambient temperature changes on the detector output. Figure 5 This is an overall temperature curve diagram of the multifunctional radiation meter in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the ambient temperature at the edge of the heat sink, the cold spot temperature, and the temperature difference output under two conditions. Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The enlarged diagram of the specific output temperature difference part shows that the multifunctional radiation meter in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively improve the accuracy of the output temperature difference after the compensation detector 10 is creatively added to the entire radiation meter.

[0060] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0061] The above specific embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional radiation meter, characterized in that: The multifunctional radiometer includes a quartz glass dome, a light shield, a detector, a base plate, an external radiation shield, a circuit board, and a mounting housing. The quartz glass dome and the light shield are both mounted on the external radiation shield, the detector is mounted on the base plate, and the mounting housing is used to mount the circuit board on the base plate. The detectors include a measurement detector, a compensation detector, and a temperature detector, and there are multiple measurement detectors. The base plate includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The measurement detector is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, and the compensation detector is mounted on the lower surface of the base plate. The compensation detector is short-circuited with the cold end measurement point of the measurement detector and has the same thermal path as the measurement detector, thereby compensating for changes in ambient temperature. The temperature detector is mounted on the lower surface of the base plate and is used to collect the actual temperature of the measurement environment in real time. The circuit board is responsible for sampling and data processing and specifically includes an integrated acquisition chip and a data processing chip. The integrated acquisition chip is used to collect the output values of multiple measurement detectors and process them according to a formula. The data processing chip has a built-in detector cold spot temperature correction formula for performing real-time temperature correction on the measurement data based on the ambient temperature during measurement.

2. The multifunctional pyranometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sunshade is used to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is fully illuminated by sunlight at any time; to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is completely shielded from sunlight at any time; and each of the other measuring detectors can measure half of the sky scattering respectively; The shape of the light shield is determined by precise mathematical calculations; the precise mathematical calculations include projecting the light shield onto the mounting surface of the measuring detector in different directions through mathematical software, performing discrete simulation analysis based on the projection, and then continuously changing the mathematical model parameters of the light shield to obtain a model diagram of the light shield.

3. The multifunctional radiometer according to claim 2, characterized in that: Among the plurality of measuring detectors, the maximum output value of the measuring detector is recorded as The minimum output value of the measuring detector is recorded as , the solar radiation is measured by the multifunctional pyranometer and obtained as follows: Diffuse radiation value = Total radiation value = Direct radiation value = in, The solar altitude angle at the measurement location during measurement.

4. The multifunctional radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quartz glass ball cover is made of a material with a light transmittance greater than 0.9; the quartz glass ball cover is a double-layer glass cover.

5. The multifunctional pyranometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shield, the bottom plate, the external radiation shield and the mounting shell are all made of aluminum alloy.

6. The multifunctional pyranometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the light shield is provided with a light absorbing material, and / or the upper surface of the base plate is provided with a light absorbing material; the absorption rate of the light absorbing material is not less than 95%.

7. The multifunctional pyranometer according to claim 1, wherein: A desiccant and a level bubble are also provided inside the bottom plate.

8. A method for preparing a multifunctional pyranometer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: S1. Determine the shape of the light shield through precise mathematical calculations; The sunshade is used to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is fully illuminated by sunlight at any time; to ensure that at least one of the measuring detectors is completely shielded from sunlight at any time; and each of the other measuring detectors can measure half of the sky scattering respectively; The mathematical precision calculation includes projecting the light shield onto the mounting surface of the measuring detector in different directions using mathematical software, performing a discrete simulation analysis based on the projection, and then continuously changing the mathematical model parameters of the light shield to obtain a model diagram of the light shield; S2. Building a three-dimensional model of the multifunctional pyranometer based on the model diagram of the sunshade; S3. Based on the three-dimensional model, a quartz glass ball cover, a light shield, a detector, a base plate, an external radiation shield, a circuit board and a mounting shell are manufactured respectively, and assembled to obtain the multifunctional radiation meter.

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